360 lines
39 KiB
XML
360 lines
39 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.259.2970" ID-GBIF-Dataset="37fcf036-b7b9-407b-a090-85e2cea21080" ID-PMC="PMC3591765" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-259-1" ID-PubMed="23653501" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2013" ModsDocID="1313-2970-259-1" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 259" ModsDocTitle="A taxonomic revision of the Cymindis (Pinacodera) limbata species group (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Lebiini), including description of a new species from Florida, U.S.A." checkinTime="1451247765886" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Hunting, Wesley M." docDate="2013" docId="E12F7BA34289CC6A856DA66417C29744" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 259: 1-73" docOrigin="ZooKeys 259" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.259.2970" docTitle="Cymindis (Pinacodera) limbata Dejean" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="25" masterDocId="FF90904E7A57FFE9CD13EE7858701A20" masterDocTitle="A taxonomic revision of the Cymindis (Pinacodera) limbata species group (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Lebiini), including description of a new species from Florida, U. S. A." masterLastPageNumber="73" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="19" updateTime="1668155161763" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>A taxonomic revision of the Cymindis (Pinacodera) limbata species group (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Lebiini), including description of a new species from Florida, U. S. A.</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Hunting, Wesley M.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2013</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>259</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>1</mods:start>
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<mods:end>73</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.259.2970</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.259.2970</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-259-1</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="152039698" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:E12F7BA34289CC6A856DA66417C29744" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/E12F7BA34289CC6A856DA66417C29744" lastPageId="24" lastPageNumber="25" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
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<subSubSection pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
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<taxonomicName LSID="http://species-id.net/wiki/Cymindis_limbata" authority="Dejean" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Cymindis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cymindis (Pinacodera) limbata" order="Coleoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="limbata" subGenus="Pinacodera">Cymindis (Pinacodera) limbata Dejean</taxonomicName>
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Figs 7-11
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Cymindis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cymindis limbata" order="Coleoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="limbata">Cymindis limbata</taxonomicName>
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<bibRefCitation pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Dejean 1831</bibRefCitation>
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: 32, HOLOTYPE in Chaudoir/
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Oberthür">Oberthuer</normalizedToken>
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Collection, labeled " limbata m" and " Latreille" (
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<bibRefCitation author="Lindroth, CH" journalOrPublisher="Opuscula Entomologica Supplementum" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" pagination="1 - 160" title="The carabid beetles of Newfoundland including the French islands St. Pierre and Miquelon." volume="11" year="1955">Lindroth 1955</bibRefCitation>
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: 24). TYPE LOCALITY. - Marion, Plymouth County, Massachusetts, U.S.A. (restricted by
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<bibRefCitation author="Lindroth, CH" journalOrPublisher="Opuscula Entomologica, Supplementum" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" pagination="945 - 1192" title="The ground beetles (Carabidae excl. Cicindelinae) of Canada and Alaska. Part 6." volume="35" year="1969">Lindroth 1969</bibRefCitation>
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: 1067, from "
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<normalizedToken originalValue="l’">l'</normalizedToken>
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Amérique">Amerique</normalizedToken>
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septentrionale", the original type area). -
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<bibRefCitation author="LeConte, JL" journalOrPublisher="Annals of the Lyceum of Natural History of New York" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" pagination="173 - 474" title="A descriptive catalogue of the geodephagous Coleoptera inhabiting the United States east of the Rocky Mountains." url="10.1111/j.1749-6632.1848.tb00277.x" volume="4" year="1848">LeConte 1848</bibRefCitation>
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: 189.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Pinacodera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pinacodera limbata" order="Coleoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="limbata">Pinacodera limbata</taxonomicName>
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(
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<bibRefCitation pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Dejean 1831</bibRefCitation>
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);
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<bibRefCitation author="Schaum, HR" journalOrPublisher="Naturgesichte der Insecten Deutschlands. Erste Abtheilung. Coleoptera Erste Band. Nicolaische Verlagsbuchhandlung, Berlin" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" title="(1857)." year="1856 - 1860">Schaum 1857</bibRefCitation>
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: 294. -
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<bibRefCitation author="LeConte, JL" journalOrPublisher="Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" pagination="1 - 208" title="Classification of the Coleoptera of North America. Prepared for the Smithsonian Institution." volume="136" year="1861">LeConte 1861</bibRefCitation>
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: 24. -
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<bibRefCitation pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Chaudoir 1875</bibRefCitation>
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: 3. -
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<bibRefCitation pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Horn 1881</bibRefCitation>
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: plate 8, figure 97. -
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<bibRefCitation pageId="18" pageNumber="19">1882</bibRefCitation>
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: 147 and 162. -
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<bibRefCitation author="Wickham, HF" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin from the Laboratories of Natural History of the State University of Iowa" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" pagination="23 - 24" title="A list of the Coleoptera of Iowa." volume="6" year="1909">Wickham 1909</bibRefCitation>
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: 8. -
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<bibRefCitation pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Blatchley 1910</bibRefCitation>
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: 152. -
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<bibRefCitation author="Leng, CW" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the Amerian Museum of Natural History" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" pagination="555 - 601" title="List of the Carabidae of Florida." volume="34" year="1915">Leng 1915</bibRefCitation>
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: 588. -
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<bibRefCitation pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Casey 1920</bibRefCitation>
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: 279. -
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<bibRefCitation pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Notman 1928</bibRefCitation>
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: 239. -
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<bibRefCitation pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Brimley 1938</bibRefCitation>
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: 125. -
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<bibRefCitation pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Fattig 1949</bibRefCitation>
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: 40. -
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<bibRefCitation author="Lindroth, CH" journalOrPublisher="Opuscula Entomologica Supplementum" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" pagination="1 - 160" title="The carabid beetles of Newfoundland including the French islands St. Pierre and Miquelon." volume="11" year="1955">Lindroth 1955</bibRefCitation>
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: 24. -
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<bibRefCitation author="Lindroth, CH" journalOrPublisher="Opuscula Entomologica, Supplementum" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" pagination="945 - 1192" title="The ground beetles (Carabidae excl. Cicindelinae) of Canada and Alaska. Part 6." volume="35" year="1969">1969</bibRefCitation>
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: 1067-1068. -
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<bibRefCitation author="Kirk, VM" journalOrPublisher="South Carolina Agricultural Experiment Station Technical Bulletin" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" pagination="124 - 148" title="A list of the beetles of South Carolina Part 1 - northern coastal plain." volume="1033" year="1969">Kirk 1969</bibRefCitation>
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: 16. -
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<bibRefCitation author="Kirk, VM" journalOrPublisher="South Carolina Agricultural Experiment Station Technical Bulletin" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" pagination="1 - 117" title="A list of the beetles of South Carolina. Part 2 - mountain, piedmont, and southern coastal plain." volume="1038" year="1970">1970</bibRefCitation>
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: 17. -
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<bibRefCitation pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Ciegler 2000</bibRefCitation>
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: 119.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Planesus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Planesus laevigata" order="Coleoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="laevigata">Planesus laevigata</taxonomicName>
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<bibRefCitation pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Motschulsky 1864</bibRefCitation>
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: 297. - TYPE LOCALITY - Mobile, Mobile County, Alabama, U.S.A.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Pinacodera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pinacodera laevigata" order="Coleoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="laevigata">Pinacodera laevigata</taxonomicName>
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(Motschulsky, 1864);
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<bibRefCitation pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Horn 1882</bibRefCitation>
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: 162. -
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<bibRefCitation pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Casey 1920</bibRefCitation>
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: 295. -
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<bibRefCitation author="Lindroth, CH" journalOrPublisher="Opuscula Entomologica, Supplementum" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" pagination="945 - 1192" title="The ground beetles (Carabidae excl. Cicindelinae) of Canada and Alaska. Part 6." volume="35" year="1969">Lindroth 1969</bibRefCitation>
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; 1067-1068.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Planesus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Planesus fuscicollis" order="Coleoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fuscicollis">Planesus fuscicollis</taxonomicName>
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<bibRefCitation pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Motschulsky 1864</bibRefCitation>
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: 298. TYPE AREA. - southern United States.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Pinacodera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pinacodera fuscicollis" order="Coleoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fuscicollis">Pinacodera fuscicollis</taxonomicName>
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(
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<bibRefCitation pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Dejean 1831</bibRefCitation>
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);
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<bibRefCitation pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Horn 1882</bibRefCitation>
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: 148, 162. -
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<bibRefCitation pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Casey 1920</bibRefCitation>
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: 285. -
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<bibRefCitation author="Lindroth, CH" journalOrPublisher="Opuscula Entomologica, Supplementum" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" pagination="945 - 1192" title="The ground beetles (Carabidae excl. Cicindelinae) of Canada and Alaska. Part 6." volume="35" year="1969">Lindroth 1969</bibRefCitation>
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: 1067.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="19" lastPageNumber="20" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="notes about synonymy">
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<paragraph pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Notes about synonymy.</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="19" lastPageNumber="20" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
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<bibRefCitation author="Lindroth, CH" journalOrPublisher="Opuscula Entomologica, Supplementum" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" pagination="945 - 1192" title="The ground beetles (Carabidae excl. Cicindelinae) of Canada and Alaska. Part 6." volume="35" year="1969">Lindroth (1969</bibRefCitation>
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: 1067) stated that the types of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Cymindis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cymindis laevigata" order="Coleoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="laevigata">Cymindis laevigata</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Cymindis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cymindis fuscicollis" order="Coleoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fuscicollis">Cymindis fuscicollis</taxonomicName>
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are probably in the Zoological Museum of Moscow University (these types were listed at ZMMU by S. I.
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<bibRefCitation author="Keleinikova, S I" journalOrPublisher="Archives of Zoological Museum Moscow State University" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" pagination="183 - 224" title="V. I. Motschulsky's types of Coleoptera in the collection of the Zoological Museum MGU. 1. Carabidae." volume="15" year="1976">Keleinikova 1976</bibRefCitation>
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). He had not seen them, and questions the synonymy of these names and with
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Cymindis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cymindis limbata" order="Coleoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="limbata">Cymindis limbata</taxonomicName>
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Dejean. I note also that in 1829, some two years before the description of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Cymindis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cymindis limbata" order="Coleoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="limbata">Cymindis limbata</taxonomicName>
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Dejean, T. W. Harris had correspondence with fellow entomologist N. M. Hentz in which he referred to a
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Cymindis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cymindis" order="Coleoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Cymindis</taxonomicName>
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specimen from his collection that had an "ochreous elytral margin, with a humeral lunule of the same color" (
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<bibRefCitation author="Harris, TW" journalOrPublisher="In: Scudder SM (Ed) Occasional papers of the Boston Society of Natural History" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" pagination="81 - 82" title="Entomological correspondence of Thaddeus William Harris MD." volume="6" year="1869">Harris 1869</bibRefCitation>
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). He refers to the specimen as
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Cymindis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cymindis comma" order="Coleoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="comma">Cymindis comma</taxonomicName>
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. In 1835, the name
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Cymindis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cymindis comma" order="Coleoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="comma">Cymindis comma</taxonomicName>
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appeared again in a list of the insects of Massachusetts that
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<pageBreakToken pageId="19" pageNumber="20" start="start">Harris</pageBreakToken>
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compiled (Hitchcock 1835). I believe it likely that Harris was referring to what is now known as
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Cymindis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cymindis limbata" order="Coleoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="limbata">Cymindis limbata</taxonomicName>
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but because the 1829 correspondence was not published until 1869, and was not a formal description, the name
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Cymindis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cymindis comma" order="Coleoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="comma">Cymindis comma</taxonomicName>
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is not valid.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="19" pageNumber="20" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
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Adults of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Cymindis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cymindis limbata" order="Coleoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="limbata">Cymindis limbata</taxonomicName>
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are distinguished from those of other species by: a pale, testaceous humeral macula (Fig. 8) extended from interval 6 (rarely from interval 5) to the outer margin and posteriorly as far as one quarter (0.25) the length of the elytra; pronotum broadly rounded; antennomere 8, 3.0-3.9
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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longer than wide. In males, genitalia with endophallus having a distinct sclerotized patch (Fig. 10A, 11A) medially, phallus apex with distinct curvature to the left when viewed from dorsal aspect (Fig. 11C); phallus apex broadly pointed and distinctly shaped (Fig. 10A, 11B). In females, gonocoxite 2 (gc2) long and narrow, sharply pointed at apex; apical ensiform setae curved outward and extended almost to gonocoxite apices (Fig. 10B).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="23" lastPageNumber="24" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Description.</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="20" lastPageNumber="21" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
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With character states of subgenus
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Pinacodera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pinacodera" order="Coleoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Pinacodera</taxonomicName>
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restricted as follows: OBL. 8.33 - 10.92 mm. Length (n= 20 males, 20 females): head 0.72 - 0.96, pro
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<pageBreakToken pageId="20" pageNumber="21" start="start">notum</pageBreakToken>
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1.52 - 2.16, elytra 4.62 - 6.41 mm; width: head 1.48- 2.00, pronotum 2.00 - 2.88, elytra 3.21 - 4.75 mm.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Body proportions. HW/HL 1.78 - 2.18; PWM/PL 1.26 -1.46; EL/EW 1.35 -1.52.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
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Metepisternum. Individuals show proportions of a minimum of 1.73
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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as long as wide.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Hind wings. Macropterous.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Color. Dorsum of head brunneous to rufo-piceous; pronotum brunneous to rufo-piceous on disc, margins sometimes in some specimens lighter; dorsum of elytra brunneo-piceous, margins somewhat paler, testaceous humeral macula extended from interval 6 (rarely interval 5) to the outer margin, and as far as one quarter the length of the elytra; antennae brunneo-testaceous to brunneous; palpi brunneo-testaceous to brunneo-piceous; epipleura testaceous to brunneo-testaceous; thoracic sclerites and abdominal sterna testaceous to piceous (apical edge of abdominal sterna in many specimens darker than basal edge).</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
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Microsculpture. Microlines not visible on dorsum of head capsule and pronotum at 50
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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magnification. Elytra with mesh pattern isodiametric, microlines clearly defined throughout dorsal surface.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
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Macrosculpture and pilosity. Head capsule with very fine, randomly scattered setigerous punctures on dorsal surface (setae not visible or only barely so at 50
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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magnification) from constriction of neck extended anteriorly toward clypeus. Elytra with striae moderately impressed and punctulate throughout length; intervals slightly convex (few with greater convexity in intervals 1, 3 and 5); one or two (most specimens one) irregular rows of fine punctures extended length of intervals 1, 3 and 5; two or three (most specimens two) irregular rows of fine punctures extended the length of intervals 2, 4 and 6; interval 8 with two to four rows of fine punctules extended interval length. Abdominal sterna with fine pilose punctures throughout.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Fixed setae. Pronotum with two setae along each margin. Elytra with 15 or 16 lateral (umbilical) setae; two setae on each of abdominal sterna III to VI; four setae along apical margin of sternum VII (Fig. 3).</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
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<pageBreakToken pageId="21" pageNumber="22" start="start">Luster</pageBreakToken>
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. Elytra glossy
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
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Head. Eyes, labrum, labium, palpi, typical for
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<taxonomicName genus="Cymindidina" lsidName="Cymindidina" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" rank="genus">Cymindidina</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Pronotum. Anterior transverse impression shallow (Fig. 9); posterior transverse impression moderately deep; median longitudinal impression moderately shallow, posteriolateral angles obtuse to almost rounded.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="22" pageNumber="23" start="start">Elytra</pageBreakToken>
|
||
. Humeri broadly rounded; striae moderately impressed; lateral margin smooth, rounded and widened preapically; apex truncate (Fig. 8).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
|
||
Figure 8. Dorsal habitus and color pattern of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Cymindis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cymindis limbata" order="Coleoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="limbata">Cymindis limbata</taxonomicName>
|
||
Dejean (OBL 9.83 mm).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Legs. Males with adhesive vestiture ventrally, two rows of squamo- setae on tarsomeres 1-4 of foreleg and 1-3 of middle leg.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph lastPageId="23" lastPageNumber="24" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
|
||
Male genitalia. Phallus apex curved to left when viewed from dorsal aspect (Fig. 11C), apex pointed in lateral aspect (Fig. 11B). Ventral and dorsal surface of apical area slightly dimpled (Fig. 11B) (most specimens) or not, few specimens with vertical striations (absent from most specimens) extended from mid length of apical area
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="23" pageNumber="24" start="start">to</pageBreakToken>
|
||
apex of phallic shaft (s). Endophallus with microtrichial patch (mp) at midlength of the endophallus sac. Endophallus with a curved endophallic plate (ep) (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Lindroth, CH" journalOrPublisher="Opuscula Entomologica, Supplementum" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" pagination="945 - 1192" title="The ground beetles (Carabidae excl. Cicindelinae) of Canada and Alaska. Part 6." volume="35" year="1969">Lindroth 1969</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 1080-1081) apically when viewed ventrally in everted condition.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Female genitalia. Gonocoxite 2 (gc2) long and narrow (Fig. 10B), sharply pointed at apex, curved outward; apical ensiform setae curved out slightly and extended almost to apex. Internal genitalia with long cylindrical spermatheca (sp), moderately long associated spermathecal gland (sg), and moderately long spermathecal diverticulum (sd) located at base of spermathecal gland duct (sgd).</paragraph>
|
||
<caption pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
|
||
Figure 9. Pronotum, dorsal aspect, of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Cymindis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cymindis limbata" order="Coleoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="limbata">Cymindis limbata</taxonomicName>
|
||
Dejean.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
|
||
Figure 10. Structural features of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Cymindis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cymindis limbata" order="Coleoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="limbata">Cymindis limbata</taxonomicName>
|
||
Dejean: A, phallus and everted endophallus, right lateral aspect; B, female reproductive tract and ovipositor, ventral aspect. Legend: aa, apical area; bc, bursa copulatrix; bl, basal lobe; co, common oviduct; ep, endophallic plate; gc1, gonocoxite 1; gc2, gonocoxite 2; lt, lateral tergite; mp, microtrichial patch s, shaft; sd, spermathecal diverticulum; sg,spermathecal gland; sgd, spermathecal gland duct; sp, spermatheca.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
|
||
Figure 11. Male genitalia of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Cymindis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cymindis limbata" order="Coleoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="limbata">Cymindis limbata</taxonomicName>
|
||
Dejean: A, phallus, apical portion, and everted endophallus, ventral aspect; B, lateral aspect of phallus (endophallus inverted); C, dorsal aspect, showing curvature of phallic apex to left. Legend: aa, apical area; bl, basal lobe; mp, microtrichial patch; s, shaft.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="23" pageNumber="24" type="habitat, habits and seasonal occurrence">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Habitat, habits and seasonal occurrence.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
|
||
The known elevational range of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Cymindis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cymindis limbata" order="Coleoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="limbata">Cymindis limbata</taxonomicName>
|
||
extends from sea level to 1935 m. Specimens have been collected on and under bark, in leaf litter and from under stones in forests of oak, pine, tamarack, aspen, beech-magnolia and maple. Specimens have been found near creek and pond margins, among beach wash-up and have also been collected from squirrel nests in trees. Adults are crepuscular or nocturnal with most activity being observed on tree trunks. Adults are most commonly collected from May to August. Most teneral adults were found from late June to early July, suggesting emergence from pupal case also occurs around this time.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
|
||
Methods of collecting include asafetida and molasses bait traps, sugaring baits painted on tree trunks, beating and sweeping vegetation, at incandescent light and u.v. light, Malaise traps, Lindgren funnels, Berlese traps, flight intercept traps (
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="FIT’s">FIT's</normalizedToken>
|
||
), pitfall traps, and hand collecting.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="23" pageNumber="24" type="geographical distribution">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Geographical distribution.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="23" pageNumber="24">The range of this species (Fig. 7) extends in eastern Canada from southern Quebec west to southern Ontario, and in the eastern United States east of the Appalachian Mountains from Maine south to southern Florida, west to eastern Colorado and Nebraska, and south to southern Texas.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="23" pageNumber="24" type="chorological affinities">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Chorological affinities.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Cymindis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cymindis limbata" order="Coleoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="limbata">Cymindis limbata</taxonomicName>
|
||
is sympatric in the northern and western portion of its range with
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Cymindis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cymindis platicollis subsp. platicollis" order="Coleoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="platicollis" subSpecies="platicollis">Cymindis platicollis platicollis</taxonomicName>
|
||
, in the southeastern portion of its range with
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Cymindis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cymindis platicollis subsp. atripennis" order="Coleoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="platicollis" subSpecies="atripennis">Cymindis platicollis atripennis</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Cymindis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cymindis rufostigma" order="Coleoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rufostigma">Cymindis rufostigma</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and in the central portion of its range with
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Cymindis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cymindis complanata" order="Coleoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="complanata">Cymindis complanata</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection lastPageId="24" lastPageNumber="25" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" type="fossil specimens">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Fossil specimens.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
|
||
Fossil packrat (
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Neotoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Neotoma" order="Rodentia" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Neotoma</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp.) middens have been used to determine late Quaternary insect assemblages in the Chihuahuan desert areas of northern Mexico and southwestern Texas (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Elias, SA" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Biogeography" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" pagination="285 - 297" title="Late Quaternary zoogeography of the Chihuahuan Desert insect fauna, based on fossil records from packrat middens." url="10.2307/2845452" volume="19" year="1992">Elias 1992</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Elias, SA" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Biogeography" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" url="10.2307/3671658" year="1992">Elias and Van Devender 1992</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Elias, SA" journalOrPublisher="PALAIOS" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" pagination="454 - 464" title="Insect fossil evidence of Late Glacial Holocene environments in the Bolson De Mapimi, Chihuahuan Desert, Mexico: comparisons with the paleobotanical record." url="10.2307/3515047" volume="10" year="1995">Elias et al. 1995</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Particularily relevant to this treatment are middens examined from the Trans Pecos and Bolson de Mapimi areas where both
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Cymindis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cymindis limbata" order="Coleoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="limbata">Cymindis limbata</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Cymindis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cymindis platicollis" order="Coleoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="platicollis">Cymindis platicollis</taxonomicName>
|
||
subfossils had been reported (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Elias, SA" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Biogeography" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" pagination="285 - 297" title="Late Quaternary zoogeography of the Chihuahuan Desert insect fauna, based on fossil records from packrat middens." url="10.2307/2845452" volume="19" year="1992">Elias 1992</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). These species are primarily warm-temperate deciduous forest-adapted eastern species and currently both have southwestern range limits that do not extend to the Trans Pecos and Bolsom de Mapimi areas. Unfortunately, the specimens were unavailable for reexamination but in their place Scott Elias graciously sent me two S.E.M. images (a pronotum and a single elytron) of the putative
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Cymindis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cymindis limbata" order="Coleoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="limbata">Cymindis limbata</taxonomicName>
|
||
fossils.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph lastPageId="24" lastPageNumber="25" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
|
||
I was able to determine that neither fossil specimen was
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Cymindis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cymindis limbata" order="Coleoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="limbata">Cymindis limbata</taxonomicName>
|
||
, based on examination of these images. First, The fossil image of the pronotum has narrowly bordered pronotal margins and hind angles that are almost right-angled. This contrasts with the pronotum of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Cymindis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cymindis limbata" order="Coleoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="limbata">Cymindis limbata</taxonomicName>
|
||
, whichtypically has a widely explanate margin and
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="24" pageNumber="25" start="start">hind</pageBreakToken>
|
||
angles that are rounded, or at least widely obtuse. As well, I have not observed
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Cymindis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cymindis limbata" order="Coleoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="limbata">Cymindis limbata</taxonomicName>
|
||
with deep punctures either side of the median longitudinal impression of the pronotum, a feature characteristic of the fossil specimen. The S.E.M. specimen appeared to be a lebiomorph carabid and I thought it to be a member of the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Calleida" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Calleida" order="Coleoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Calleida</taxonomicName>
|
||
so I sent the information to carabidologist Achille Casale (University of Sassari, Italy) who has detailed knowledge of the Mexican
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Calleida" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Calleida" order="Coleoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Calleida</taxonomicName>
|
||
fauna. He confirmed that the pronotum was "
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Calleida" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Calleida" order="Coleoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Calleida</taxonomicName>
|
||
-like" and appeared not to belong to
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Pinacodera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pinacodera" order="Coleoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Pinacodera</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Casale 2008</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, personal communication).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
|
||
The S.E.M. of the single fossil elytron also differed from that of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Cymindis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cymindis limbata" order="Coleoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="limbata">Cymindis limbata</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The width of the fossil elytron was more than 5 mm whereas
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Cymindis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cymindis limbata" order="Coleoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="limbata">Cymindis limbata</taxonomicName>
|
||
elytra range from 3.2 to 4.75 mm. Additionally,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Cymindis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cymindis limbata" order="Coleoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="limbata">Cymindis limbata</taxonomicName>
|
||
typically have more than one row of shallow and fine punctures in the even elytral intervals and more than one row in interval 8. The fossil specimen has a single row in all intervals, which are obviously deeper and farther apart than observed in
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Cymindis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cymindis limbata" order="Coleoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="limbata">Cymindis limbata</taxonomicName>
|
||
. After considering these discrepancies I believe it more likely that the elytron belongs to
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Cymindis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cymindis punctigera subsp. punctigera" order="Coleoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="punctigera" subSpecies="punctigera">Cymindis punctigera punctigera</taxonomicName>
|
||
LeConte as it is similar in size and morphological characteristics, and was found within the limits of the current geographical range of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Cymindis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cymindis punctigera subsp. punctigera" order="Coleoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="punctigera" subSpecies="punctigera">Cymindis punctigera punctigera</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Cymindis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cymindis punctigera subsp. punctigera" order="Coleoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="punctigera" subSpecies="punctigera">Cymindis punctigera punctigera</taxonomicName>
|
||
has been collected in the recent past from nests of packrats of the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Neotoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Neotoma" order="Rodentia" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Neotoma</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Say and Ord 1825</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="24" pageNumber="25" type="material examined">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Material examined.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
|
||
I have examined 1001 specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Cymindis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cymindis limbata" order="Coleoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="limbata">Cymindis limbata</taxonomicName>
|
||
: 432 males and 569 females. For details see University of Alberta Strickland Virtual Entomology Museum Database (
|
||
<bibRefCitation pageId="24" pageNumber="25">University of Alberta 2009</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |