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<mods:title id="513348E6D0BF2346B45511DBE5B051C9">An overview of the Syrphidae (Diptera) of Saudi Arabia</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="E0FE8DCADFD75DF0809D3C7067F9F894">Dawah, Hassan A.</mods:namePart>
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<treatment id="CD39879E2B40492CFF5B6385523FF9DC" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4498720" ID-GBIF-Taxon="177208073" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4498720" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:CD39879E2B40492CFF5B6385523FF9DC" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/CD39879E2B40492CFF5B6385523FF9DC" lastPageNumber="44" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">
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<paragraph id="452F36882B40492CFF5B6385504DFC3C" blockId="43.[151,781,937,1000]" box="[151,781,937,964]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">
<heading id="1E6781E42B40492CFF5B6385504DFC3C" bold="true" box="[151,781,937,964]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" reason="4">
<taxonomicName id="82904D0B2B40492CFF5B6385504DFC3C" ID-CoL="8D6MN" authority="Macquart, 1842" authorityName="Macquart" authorityYear="1842" box="[151,781,937,964]" class="Insecta" family="Syrphidae" genus="Paragus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="borbonicus" subGenus="Afroparagus">
<emphasis id="77E4EA9A2B40492CFF5B6385504DFC3C" bold="true" box="[151,781,937,964]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">
<emphasis id="77E4EA9A2B40492CFF5B638553BCFC3B" bold="true" box="[151,252,938,964]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Paragus</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="77E4EA9A2B40492CFEC1638652E6FC3C" bold="true" box="[269,422,937,963]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Afroparagus</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="77E4EA9A2B40492CFE746386517FFC3B" bold="true" box="[440,575,937,964]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">borbonicus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="21014B792B40492CFD8A6386504DFC3C" author="Macquart, J." box="[582,781,937,963]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" pagination="65 - 200" refId="ref37462" refString="Macquart, J. (1842) Dipteres exotiques nouveaux ou peu connus. 4. M e moires de la Societe des Science, de I'Agriculture et des Arts a- Lille, 4, 1841 (1), 65 - 200." type="journal article" year="1842">Macquart, 1842</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="452F36882B40492CFF5B63E25267FC17" blockId="43.[151,781,937,1000]" box="[151,295,973,1000]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">
(
<figureCitation id="DDAB2A0D2B40492CFF5363E2525FFC17" box="[159,287,973,1000]" captionStart="FIGURE 5051" captionStartId="44.[151,250,1925,1949]" captionTargetBox="[159,1432,292,1898]" captionTargetId="figure-21@44.[151,1436,181,1901]" captionTargetPageId="44" captionText="FIGURE 5051. Habitus of Paragus (Afroparagus) borbonicus Macquart, 1842. 50) Male, lateral view, 51) Female, dorsal view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4411235" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4411235/files/figure.png" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Figs 5051</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="0D8A65032B40492CFF5B643C513DFBD5" box="[151,637,1042,1066]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="452F36882B40492CFF5B643C513DFBD5" blockId="43.[151,637,1042,1066]" box="[151,637,1042,1066]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="658011A62B40492CFF5B643C513DFBD5" box="[151,637,1042,1066]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">
<treatmentCitation id="C43110992B40492CFF5B643C517FFBD5" author="Macquart, J." box="[151,575,1042,1066]" page="166" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" year="1842">
<taxonomicName id="82904D0B2B40492CFF5B643C517FFBD5" ID-CoL="8D6MN" authority="Macquart, 1842: 166" authorityName="Macquart" authorityPageNumber="166" authorityYear="1842" box="[151,575,1042,1066]" class="Insecta" family="Syrphidae" genus="Paragus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="borbonicus">
<emphasis id="77E4EA9A2B40492CFF5B643C5225FBD5" box="[151,357,1042,1066]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Paragus borbonicus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="21014B792B40492CFEA0643D517FFBD5" author="Macquart, J." box="[364,575,1042,1066]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" pagination="65 - 200" refId="ref37462" refString="Macquart, J. (1842) Dipteres exotiques nouveaux ou peu connus. 4. M e moires de la Societe des Science, de I'Agriculture et des Arts a- Lille, 4, 1841 (1), 65 - 200." type="journal article" year="1842">Macquart, 1842: 166</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
(106)
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</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="0D8A65032B40492CFF5B647753B7FB69" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="452F36882B40492CFF5B647753B7FB69" blockId="43.[151,1437,1112,1571]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">
<emphasis id="77E4EA9A2B40492CFF5B647752E0FB8D" bold="true" box="[151,416,1112,1138]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Examined specimens.</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="F5F83CD52B40492CFE63647753B3FB69" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3029038325" collectingDate="2013-07-10" collectionCode="CERS" collectorName="H. A. Dawah" location="Al-Ethrebany" municipality="Karatha" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="'Asir">
<specimenCount id="5396FD012B40492CFE6364775292FB8D" box="[431,466,1112,1138]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
,
<collectingRegion id="8754F86A2B40492CFE2A64775158FB8D" box="[486,536,1112,1138]" country="Saudi Arabia" name="'Asir" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Asir</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="A54BACF22B40492CFDE7647751C7FB8D" box="[555,647,1112,1138]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Karatha</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location id="404F60532B40492CFD5464775070FB8D" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:CD39879E2B40492CFF5B6385523FF9DC:404F60532B40492CFD5464775070FB8D" box="[664,816,1112,1138]" municipality="Karatha" name="Al-Ethrebany" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" stateProvince="'Asir">Al-Ethrebany</location>
fruit farm,
<date id="312E10482B40492CFC056477570BFB8D" box="[969,1099,1112,1138]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" value="2013-07-10">
<collectingDate id="216AE9A02B40492CFC056477570BFB8D" box="[969,1099,1112,1138]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" value="2013-07-10">10.vii.2013</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectingMethod id="9CD14E9F2B40492CFB93647757B4FB8C" box="[1119,1268,1112,1139]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Malaise trap</collectingMethod>
,
<collectorName id="E865535E2B40492CFAC4647756DCFB8D" box="[1288,1436,1112,1138]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">H.A. Dawah</collectorName>
(
<collectionCode id="2381AE4D2B40492CFF53645353ABFB69" box="[159,235,1148,1174]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">CERS</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="0D8A65032B40492CFF0B648F53A0FAD9" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="452F36882B40492CFF0B648F53A0FAD9" blockId="43.[151,1437,1112,1571]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">
<emphasis id="77E4EA9A2B40492CFF0B648F5221FB45" bold="true" box="[199,353,1184,1210]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Distribution.</emphasis>
This species is the first record from
<collectingCountry id="3D8776182B40492CFCC7648F50DEFB45" box="[779,926,1184,1210]" name="Saudi Arabia" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Saudi Arabia</collectingCountry>
and the Arabian Peninsula. It was described from
<collectingCountry id="3D8776182B40492CFF1964EB5202FB21" box="[213,322,1220,1246]" name="Mauritius" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Mauritius</collectingCountry>
and
<collectingCountry id="3D8776182B40492CFEB664EB5299FB21" box="[378,473,1220,1246]" name="Réunion" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Réunion</collectingCountry>
and is widespread throughout the Afrotropical Region including
<collectingCountry id="3D8776182B40492CFB7B64EB5643FB21" box="[1207,1283,1220,1246]" name="Ghana" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Ghana</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="3D8776182B40492CFAC364EB56D8FB21" box="[1295,1432,1220,1246]" name="Madagascar" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="3D8776182B40492CFF5B64C7526CFAFC" box="[151,300,1256,1283]" name="Sierra Leone" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Sierra Leone</collectingCountry>
, and
<collectingCountry id="3D8776182B40492CFEA564C75131FAFD" box="[361,625,1256,1282]" name="Sao Tome and Principe" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Säo Tomé and Principe</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="21014B792B40492CFD4D64C750DBFAFD" author="Smith, K. G. V. &amp; Vockeroth, J. R." box="[641,923,1256,1282]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" pagination="488 - 510" refId="ref40306" refString="Smith, K. G. V. &amp; Vockeroth, J. R. (1980) 38. Family Syrphidae. In: Crosskey R. W. (Ed.), Catalogue of the Diptera of the Afro- tropical Region. British Museum (Natural History), London, pp. 488 - 510." type="book chapter" year="1980">Smith &amp;Vockeroth 1980</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="21014B792B40492CFC6464C75722FAFD" author="Kaufmann, T." box="[936,1122,1256,1282]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" pagination="252 - 256" refId="ref36964" refString="Kaufmann, T. (1973) Bilogy of Paragus borbonicus (Diptera: Syrphidae) as predator of Toxoptera aurantii (Homoptera: Aphididae) attacking cocoa in Ghana. American Midland Naturalist, 90, 252 - 256. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 2424293" type="journal article" year="1973">Kaufmann 1973</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="21014B792B40492CFBA364C75648FAFD" author="Dirickx, H. G." box="[1135,1288,1256,1282]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" refId="ref34898" refString="Dirickx, H. G. (1998) Catalogue synonymique et geographique des Syrphidae (Diptera) de la region afrotropicale. Museum d'Histoire Naturelle, Geneve, 187 pp." type="book" year="1998">Dirickx 1998</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="21014B792B40492CFAD964C75394FAD9" author="Whittington, A. E." pageId="43" pageNumber="44" pagination="579 - 607" refId="ref41868" refString="Whittington, A. E. (2003) The Afrotropical Syrphidae fauna: an assessment. Studia dipterologica, 10 (2), 579 - 607." type="journal article" year="2003">Whittington 2003</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="0D8A65032B40492CFF0B651F523FF9DC" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="452F36882B40492CFF0B651F523FF9DC" blockId="43.[151,1437,1112,1571]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">
<emphasis id="77E4EA9A2B40492CFF0B651F527BFAB5" bold="true" box="[199,315,1328,1354]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Remarks.</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="21014B792B40492CFE88651E5143FAB5" author="Macquart, J." box="[324,515,1328,1355]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" pagination="65 - 200" refId="ref37462" refString="Macquart, J. (1842) Dipteres exotiques nouveaux ou peu connus. 4. M e moires de la Societe des Science, de I'Agriculture et des Arts a- Lille, 4, 1841 (1), 65 - 200." type="journal article" year="1842">Macquart (1842)</bibRefCitation>
described
<emphasis id="77E4EA9A2B40492CFD4D651E5064FAB5" box="[641,804,1328,1354]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">
<taxonomicName id="82904D0B2B40492CFD4D651E5060FAB5" authorityName="Macquart" authorityYear="1842" box="[641,800,1328,1354]" class="Insecta" family="Syrphidae" genus="Paragus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="borbonicus">P. borbonicus</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="21014B792B40492CFCE0651F571DFAB5" author="Smith, K. G. V. &amp; Vockeroth, J. R." box="[812,1117,1328,1354]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" pagination="488 - 510" refId="ref40306" refString="Smith, K. G. V. &amp; Vockeroth, J. R. (1980) 38. Family Syrphidae. In: Crosskey R. W. (Ed.), Catalogue of the Diptera of the Afro- tropical Region. British Museum (Natural History), London, pp. 488 - 510." type="book chapter" year="1980">Smith &amp; Vockeroth (1980)</bibRefCitation>
listed it under
<taxonomicName id="82904D0B2B40492CFAC1651E5255FA91" authorityName="Macquart" authorityYear="1842" class="Insecta" family="Syrphidae" genus="Paragus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="borbonicus" subGenus="Paragus">
<emphasis id="77E4EA9A2B40492CFAC1651E5662FAB5" box="[1293,1314,1329,1354]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">P.</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="77E4EA9A2B40492CFAF8651E56D3FAB5" box="[1332,1427,1329,1354]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Paragus</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="77E4EA9A2B40492CFF5B657B5255FA91" box="[151,277,1364,1390]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">borbonicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Following Vujić
<emphasis id="77E4EA9A2B40492CFE28657A515DFA91" box="[484,541,1364,1390]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">et al.</emphasis>
(2008)
<taxonomicName id="82904D0B2B40492CFDB4657A50CCFA91" authorityName="Macquart" authorityYear="1842" box="[632,908,1364,1391]" class="Insecta" family="Syrphidae" genus="Paragus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="borbonicus" subGenus="Paragus">
<emphasis id="77E4EA9A2B40492CFDB4657A51CDFA91" box="[632,653,1365,1390]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">P.</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="77E4EA9A2B40492CFD52657A51BDFA91" box="[670,765,1365,1390]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Paragus</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="77E4EA9A2B40492CFCC2657B50CCFA91" box="[782,908,1364,1390]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">borbonicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was therefore put under
<taxonomicName id="82904D0B2B40492CFB65657A53B2FA6D" authorityName="Macquart" authorityYear="1842" class="Insecta" family="Syrphidae" genus="Paragus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="borbonicus" subGenus="Afroparagus">
<emphasis id="77E4EA9A2B40492CFB65657A57FEFA91" box="[1193,1214,1365,1390]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">P.</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="77E4EA9A2B40492CFB03657B561CFA91" box="[1231,1372,1364,1390]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Afroparagus</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="77E4EA9A2B40492CFAA1657B53B2FA6D" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">borbonicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="77E4EA9A2B40492CFF3E655753B6FA6D" box="[242,246,1400,1426]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">.</emphasis>
Our material of
<taxonomicName id="82904D0B2B40492CFE726556511AFA6D" authorityName="Macquart" authorityYear="1842" box="[446,602,1400,1426]" class="Insecta" family="Syrphidae" genus="Paragus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="borbonicus">
<emphasis id="77E4EA9A2B40492CFE726556511AFA6D" box="[446,602,1400,1426]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">P. borbonicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
agrees with the description of Vujić
<emphasis id="77E4EA9A2B40492CFBC365565703FA6D" box="[1039,1091,1400,1426]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">et al</emphasis>
. (2008: 514) of the subgenus
<taxonomicName id="82904D0B2B40492CFF5B65B351B9FA49" authority="Vujic &amp; Radenkovie. Kaufmann (1973)" authorityName="Vujic &amp; Radenkovie. Kaufmann" authorityYear="1973" box="[151,761,1436,1462]" class="Insecta" family="Syrphidae" genus="Paragus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Afroparagus">
<emphasis id="77E4EA9A2B40492CFF5B65B35264FA49" box="[151,292,1436,1462]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Afroparagus</emphasis>
Vujić &amp; Radenkovié.
<bibRefCitation id="21014B792B40492CFDE265B351B9FA49" author="Kaufmann, T." box="[558,761,1436,1462]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" pagination="252 - 256" refId="ref36964" refString="Kaufmann, T. (1973) Bilogy of Paragus borbonicus (Diptera: Syrphidae) as predator of Toxoptera aurantii (Homoptera: Aphididae) attacking cocoa in Ghana. American Midland Naturalist, 90, 252 - 256. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 2424293" type="journal article" year="1973">Kaufmann (1973)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
studied the biology of
<taxonomicName id="82904D0B2B40492CFBDC65B257EDFA49" authorityName="Macquart" authorityYear="1842" box="[1040,1197,1436,1462]" class="Insecta" family="Syrphidae" genus="Paragus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="borbonicus">
<emphasis id="77E4EA9A2B40492CFBDC65B257EDFA49" box="[1040,1197,1436,1462]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">P. borbonicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and reported it as a predator which plays an important role as a controlling agent of the black citrus aphid,
<taxonomicName id="82904D0B2B40492CFB9665EE56DCFA25" authority="(Fonsco.)" baseAuthorityName="Fonsco." box="[1114,1436,1472,1498]" class="Insecta" family="Aphididae" genus="Toxoptera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aurantii">
<emphasis id="77E4EA9A2B40492CFB9665EE566BFA25" box="[1114,1323,1473,1498]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Toxoptera aurantii</emphasis>
(Fonsco.)
</taxonomicName>
(Homoptera:
<taxonomicName id="82904D0B2B40492CFEE065CB52E3FA00" box="[300,419,1508,1535]" class="Insecta" family="Aphididae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aphidomorpha" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Aphididae</taxonomicName>
) that damages the flush leaves of cacao,
<taxonomicName id="82904D0B2B40492CFCA365CB5779FA01" box="[879,1081,1508,1534]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Theobroma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="cacao">
<emphasis id="77E4EA9A2B40492CFCA365CB5779FA01" box="[879,1081,1508,1534]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Theobroma cacao</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
L. in
<collectingCountry id="3D8776182B40492CFBB165CB578AFA01" box="[1149,1226,1508,1534]" name="Ghana" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Ghana</collectingCountry>
. He also described the immature stages.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>