235 lines
24 KiB
XML
235 lines
24 KiB
XML
<document id="47B89D8866943245EB1156DE218ACD39" ID="10.11646/zootaxa.4173.4.1" ID-CLB-Dataset="38068" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4173.4.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="235cd1e5-39f4-43b4-a65a-94daa8e45bec" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="256597" ID-ZooBank="3E955EB2-79DE-462C-B3EE-E4AF334D1F61" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1475735022662" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Cock, Matthew J. W." docDate="2016" docId="B14087C8FFAD924C16BAF9C8FCCD0280" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4173.4.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4173 (4)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Spialia confusa subsp. obscura Higgins 1925" docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="323" masterDocId="4D79FFB0FFB8925A162DFFBBFF8C016D" masterDocTitle="Observations on the biology of Afrotropical Hesperiidae (Lepidoptera) with particular reference to Kenya. Part 10. Pyrginae, Carcharodini" masterLastPageNumber="350" masterPageNumber="301" pageNumber="322" updateTime="1698429372848" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods id="786BE5CEE66306F1D272CC4276A783F6" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="D5B9D7B7526E5BF983823C1B1C740CA0">
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<mods:title id="B2D53BA3CC4AA96412A6709185DB808D">Observations on the biology of Afrotropical Hesperiidae (Lepidoptera) with particular reference to Kenya. Part 10. Pyrginae, Carcharodini</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name id="9974A3D5790859A001ECCF51A0E46099" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="255D4FB2772D5215F5A1395649A0C0C0">
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<mods:roleTerm id="6DE359665A8D6A72056D48701016C5D6">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="4EC47AC05D16D5FE590BD4B526D12AB1">Cock, Matthew J. W.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="D731A2988ABEE86DC8F91C149B040C74">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="A6F4C9F3025B637E95741AD495990606">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="22AB76D1F15C00F5EC8FBB2AB739FFDF">
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<mods:date id="3EB8214C83B0DB2466645EB48F6E3481">2016</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="9C757832EB69371E93DC430573963798" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="5919C37D2CC4CD944E8984F8DF9B15C5">4173</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail id="A5F996A07C158007CBB77B3D71796A8D" type="issue">
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<mods:number id="27B5454C6DD3C04C56E0832C58D06F54">4</mods:number>
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<mods:end id="1D876CBCCF2CF2C067CBDC2F6484CCB9">350</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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<mods:classification id="3D7BCDD863F2564000F1DDC3F566A842">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="A1F09D259B782DBA4CEE3EC8610B6A91" type="CLB-Dataset">38068</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="119A88ED26D4D1C255E7023BE595060F" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4173.4.1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="E70F54E64C809546290B20A7F117E003" type="GBIF-Dataset">235cd1e5-39f4-43b4-a65a-94daa8e45bec</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="E4755CF04E219CF7B3B279FEC55E11C5" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="18375C9762886A28E8925E1E197C632A" type="Zenodo-Dep">256597</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment id="B14087C8FFAD924C16BAF9C8FCCD0280" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5632226" ID-GBIF-Taxon="124997296" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5632226" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:B14087C8FFAD924C16BAF9C8FCCD0280" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/B14087C8FFAD924C16BAF9C8FCCD0280" lastPageId="22" lastPageNumber="323" pageId="21" pageNumber="322">
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<subSubSection id="71F36555FFAD924F16BAF9C8FECE06C6" pageId="21" pageNumber="322" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="395636DEFFAD924F16BAF9C8FDE707E0" blockId="21.[151,619,1651,1677]" box="[151,619,1651,1677]" pageId="21" pageNumber="322">
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<heading id="621E81B2FFAD924F16BAF9C8FDE707E0" bold="true" box="[151,619,1651,1677]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="21" pageNumber="322" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="FEE94D5DFFAD924F16BAF9C8FDE707E0" ID-CoL="7L3H6" authority="Higgins, 1925" authorityName="Higgins" authorityYear="1925" box="[151,619,1651,1677]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Spialia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="322" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="confusa" subSpecies="obscura">
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<emphasis id="0B9DEACCFFAD924F16BAF9C8FDE707E0" bold="true" box="[151,619,1651,1677]" pageId="21" pageNumber="322">
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<emphasis id="0B9DEACCFFAD924F16BAF9C8FE3607E0" bold="true" box="[151,442,1651,1677]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="322">Spialia confusa obscura</emphasis>
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Higgins, 1925
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="395636DEFFAD924F16BAF901FECE06C6" blockId="21.[151,1437,1722,2035]" pageId="21" pageNumber="322">
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This is the second of the two species De Jong (1978) placed in his
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<taxonomicName id="FEE94D5DFFAD924F15E8F901FB9807BE" box="[965,1044,1722,1747]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Spialia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="322" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="colotes">
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<emphasis id="0B9DEACCFFAD924F15E8F901FB9807BE" box="[965,1044,1722,1747]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="322">colotes</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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group. Higgins (1925) originally described
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<taxonomicName id="FEE94D5DFFAD924F1723F965FEE9079B" box="[270,357,1758,1782]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Spialia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="322" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="confusa">
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<emphasis id="0B9DEACCFFAD924F1723F965FEE9079B" box="[270,357,1758,1782]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="322">confusa</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<emphasis id="0B9DEACCFFAD924F1788F965FE73079A" box="[421,511,1758,1783]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="322">obscura</emphasis>
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as two varieties (‘var.’) of
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<taxonomicName id="FEE94D5DFFAD924F1561F964FBC6079A" box="[844,1098,1758,1783]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Hesperia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="322" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="transvaaliae">
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<emphasis id="0B9DEACCFFAD924F1561F964FBC6079A" box="[844,1098,1758,1783]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="322">Hesperia transvaaliae</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(i.e.
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<taxonomicName id="FEE94D5DFFAD924F12A0F964FA19079A" box="[1165,1429,1758,1783]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Spialia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="322" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="colotes" subSpecies="transvaaliae">
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<emphasis id="0B9DEACCFFAD924F12A0F964FA19079A" box="[1165,1429,1758,1783]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="322">S. colotes transvaaliae</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, above) from
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<collectingCountry id="41FE764EFFAD924F171CF8B9FE0A0676" box="[305,390,1794,1819]" name="Malawi" pageId="21" pageNumber="322">Malawi</collectingCountry>
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(=
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<collectingCountry id="41FE764EFFAD924F179AF8B9FDA30676" box="[439,559,1794,1819]" name="Malawi" pageId="21" pageNumber="322">Nyasaland</collectingCountry>
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) and ‘Nairobi’ respectively. Evans (1937) raised the two varieties to their present status. The nominate subspecies occurs from
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<collectingCountry id="41FE764EFFAD924F152FF89DFCEB0652" box="[770,871,1830,1855]" name="Tanzania" pageId="21" pageNumber="322">Tanzania</collectingCountry>
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to
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<collectingCountry id="41FE764EFFAD924F15BFF89DFBA40652" box="[914,1064,1830,1855]" name="South Africa" pageId="21" pageNumber="322">
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<collectingRegion id="FB2DF83CFFAD924F15BFF89DFC5F0652" box="[914,979,1830,1855]" country="Tanzania" name="Kusini Unguja" pageId="21" pageNumber="322">South</collectingRegion>
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Africa
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</collectingCountry>
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, while subspecies
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<emphasis id="0B9DEACCFFAD924F132CF89DFAD70652" box="[1281,1371,1830,1855]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="322">obscura</emphasis>
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from 'Nairobi' is restricted to coastal
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<collectingCountry id="41FE764EFFAD924F17D8F8F0FDB2060E" box="[501,574,1867,1891]" name="Kenya" pageId="21" pageNumber="322">Kenya</collectingCountry>
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and Tanzania—the Spice
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<collectingRegion id="FB2DF83CFFAD924F154FF8F1FC2E060F" box="[866,930,1866,1890]" country="Tanzania" name="Pwani" pageId="21" pageNumber="322">Coast</collectingRegion>
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centre of endemism of Kingdom (1990). The data of the
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<typeStatus id="E652887CFFAD924F1735F8D4FEC406EA" box="[280,328,1903,1927]" pageId="21" pageNumber="322">type</typeStatus>
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specimen from Nairobi must be considered suspect given that no locality closer than the Shimba Hills is known.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="71F36555FFAD924C16EAF80CFAF40008" lastPageId="22" lastPageNumber="323" pageId="21" pageNumber="322" type="description">
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<paragraph id="395636DEFFAD924C16EAF80CFB2C0195" blockId="21.[151,1437,1722,2035]" lastBlockId="22.[151,1436,151,1005]" lastPageId="22" lastPageNumber="323" pageId="21" pageNumber="322">
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<materialsCitation id="89813C83FFAD924C16EAF80CFB2C0195" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1316272083" collectorName="De Jong & Van Someren's" country="Kenya" county="De Jong" lastPageId="22" lastPageNumber="323" location="Arabuko-Sokoke Forest" municipality="Makardara" pageId="21" pageNumber="322" specimenCount="20">
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In
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<collectingCountry id="41FE764EFFAD924F16C9F80CFEBC06A2" box="[228,304,1975,1999]" name="Kenya" pageId="21" pageNumber="322">Kenya</collectingCountry>
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, this species is restricted to coastal localities from
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<location id="3C366005FFAD924F154CF80DFBE106A3" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:B14087C8FFAD924C16BAF9C8FCCD0280:3C366005FFAD924F154CF80DFBE106A3" box="[865,1133,1974,1999]" country="Kenya" county="De Jong" municipality="Makardara" name="Arabuko-Sokoke Forest" pageId="21" pageNumber="322">Arabuko-Sokoke Forest</location>
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to the
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<location id="3C366005FFAD924F1295F80DFAC106A2" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:B14087C8FFAD924C16BAF9C8FCCD0280:3C366005FFAD924F1295F80DFAC106A2" box="[1208,1357,1974,1999]" country="Kenya" county="De Jong" municipality="Makardara" name="Shimba Hills" pageId="21" pageNumber="322">Shimba Hills</location>
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, where
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<location id="3C366005FFAD924F16BAF861FEAC069E" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:B14087C8FFAD924C16BAF9C8FCCD0280:3C366005FFAD924F16BAF861FEAC069E" box="[151,288,2010,2035]" country="Kenya" county="De Jong" municipality="Makardara" name="Sevastopulo" pageId="21" pageNumber="322">Sevastopulo</location>
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(1974) records it as uncommon on the outskirts of
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<collectingMunicipality id="D932ACA4FFAD924F1549F861FC51069E" box="[868,989,2010,2035]" pageId="21" pageNumber="322">Makardara</collectingMunicipality>
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and Marere Forests. It seems to be rare as
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<collectingCounty id="D0374E52FFAE924C1694FF23FE9601DD" box="[185,282,152,176]" pageId="22" pageNumber="323">
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<collectorName id="941C5308FFAE924C1694FF23FE9601DD" box="[185,282,152,176]" pageId="22" pageNumber="323">De Jong</collectorName>
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</collectingCounty>
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(1978) lists only
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<specimenCount id="2FEFFD57FFAE924C17DDFF23FD0001DD" box="[496,652,151,176]" pageId="22" pageNumber="323" type="generic">20 specimens</specimenCount>
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from the world's major collections. I have encountered it on three occasions in the Shimba Hills flying beside the track to the Marere Waterworks on the landward side of the hills.
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<collectorName id="941C5308FFAE924C16BAFF5BFEB10195" box="[151,317,224,248]" pageId="22" pageNumber="323">Van Someren's</collectorName>
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(1939) report from the Chyulu Hills is in error for
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<taxonomicName id="FEE94D5DFFAE924C1555FF5BFB100195" authority="De Jong 1978" authorityName="De Jong" authorityYear="1978" box="[888,1180,223,248]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Spialia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="323" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="colotes">
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<emphasis id="0B9DEACCFFAE924C1555FF5BFC6F0195" box="[888,995,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="323">S. colotes</emphasis>
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(De Jong 1978)
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="395636DEFFAE924C16EAFEBFFAF40008" blockId="22.[151,1436,151,1005]" pageId="22" pageNumber="323">
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<emphasis id="0B9DEACCFFAE924C16EAFEBFFE1E0070" bold="true" box="[199,402,260,285]" pageId="22" pageNumber="323">Adult behaviour.</emphasis>
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De Jong (1978) notes that on the dry sandy roads in the Arabuko Forest ‘it is a small and swift species, which frequently skips from sun-lit places into shadows and then appears to be lost’. On one occasion when I found this species in the Shimba Hills, two males flying around each other were an easy catch.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="71F36555FFAE924C16EAFED4FCCD0280" pageId="22" pageNumber="323" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="395636DEFFAE924C16EAFED4FEE3025A" blockId="22.[151,1436,151,1005]" pageId="22" pageNumber="323">
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<emphasis id="0B9DEACCFFAE924C16EAFED4FED100E5" bold="true" box="[199,349,367,392]" pageId="22" pageNumber="323">Food plants.</emphasis>
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Van Someren (1974) lists
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<taxonomicName id="FEE94D5DFFAE924C14BBFED4FC8E00E5" box="[662,770,367,392]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Melhania" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="22" pageNumber="323" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="0B9DEACCFFAE924C14BBFED4FC8E00E5" box="[662,770,367,392]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="323">Melhania</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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spp. as food plants of
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<taxonomicName id="FEE94D5DFFAE924C123DFECBFB0900E5" box="[1040,1157,368,392]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Spialia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="323" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="confusa">
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<emphasis id="0B9DEACCFFAE924C123DFECBFB0900E5" box="[1040,1157,368,392]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="323">S. confusa</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, but as noted above, he earlier misidentified
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<taxonomicName id="FEE94D5DFFAE924C17A5FE2EFE7A00C0" box="[392,502,404,429]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Spialia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="323" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="colotes">
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<emphasis id="0B9DEACCFFAE924C17A5FE2EFE7A00C0" box="[392,502,404,429]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="323">S. colotes</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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as
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<taxonomicName id="FEE94D5DFFAE924C1409FE2EFD7300C0" box="[548,767,404,429]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Spialia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="323" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="confusa" subSpecies="obscura">
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<emphasis id="0B9DEACCFFAE924C1409FE2EFD7300C0" box="[548,767,404,429]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="323">S. confusa obscura</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(Van Someren 1939, De Jong 1978). Sevastopulo (1974, 1975) lists the food plants of
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<taxonomicName id="FEE94D5DFFAE924C17DDFE03FD4500BD" box="[496,713,439,464]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Spialia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="323" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="confusa" subSpecies="obscura">
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<emphasis id="0B9DEACCFFAE924C17DDFE03FD4500BD" box="[496,713,439,464]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="323">S. confusa obscura</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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as
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<taxonomicName id="FEE94D5DFFAE924C14D9FE0CFCEC00BD" box="[756,864,439,464]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Melhania" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="22" pageNumber="323" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="0B9DEACCFFAE924C14D9FE0CFCEC00BD" box="[756,864,439,464]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="323">Melhania</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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sp. and
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<taxonomicName id="FEE94D5DFFAE924C15E8FE03FBB600BD" box="[965,1082,440,464]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Triumfetta" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="22" pageNumber="323" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="0B9DEACCFFAE924C15E8FE03FBB600BD" box="[965,1082,440,464]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="323">Triumfetta</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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sp. Sevastopulo (unpublished) records the life history of what he has identified as this species, based upon caterpillars collected on
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<taxonomicName id="FEE94D5DFFAE924C132DFE67FAF90099" box="[1280,1397,476,500]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Triumfetta" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="22" pageNumber="323" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="0B9DEACCFFAE924C132DFE67FAF90099" box="[1280,1397,476,500]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="323">Triumfetta</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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sp. in the Makardara Forest (Shimba Hills).
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<collectingRegion id="FB2DF83CFFAE924C1447FDBBFD18037A" box="[618,660,512,535]" country="Cameroon" name="North" pageId="22" pageNumber="323">Not</collectingRegion>
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only do his description and photos remind me of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FEE94D5DFFAE924C12F8FDBBFA100375" authority="Plotz" authorityName="Plotz" box="[1237,1436,511,536]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Spialia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="323" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dromus">
|
||
<emphasis id="0B9DEACCFFAE924C12F8FDBBFACB0375" box="[1237,1351,511,536]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="323">S. dromus</emphasis>
|
||
(Plötz)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(head ... clothed with simple black and white, and ribbon-like black setae), but I too have collected caterpillars from the same food plant at the same locality, and they were
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FEE94D5DFFAE924C14D1FDF3FCE6030D" box="[764,874,583,608]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Spialia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="323" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dromus">
|
||
<emphasis id="0B9DEACCFFAE924C14D1FDF3FCE6030D" box="[764,874,583,608]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="323">S. dromus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, albeit atypical with reduced white spotting on the upper side. Sevastopulo (unpublished) did not record the life history of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FEE94D5DFFAE924C1594FDD6FBA403E8" box="[953,1064,620,645]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Spialia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="323" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dromus">
|
||
<emphasis id="0B9DEACCFFAE924C1594FDD6FBA403E8" box="[953,1064,620,645]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="323">S. dromus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which is most strange since it is common on food plants from which he collected. However, he does record the food plants of both
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FEE94D5DFFAE924C12CFFD2BFADD03C5" box="[1250,1361,655,680]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Spialia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="323" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dromus">
|
||
<emphasis id="0B9DEACCFFAE924C12CFFD2BFADD03C5" box="[1250,1361,655,680]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="323">S. dromus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FEE94D5DFFAE924C13AAFD2BFEDC03A0" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Spialia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="323" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="confusa" subSpecies="obscura">
|
||
<emphasis id="0B9DEACCFFAE924C13AAFD2BFEDC03A0" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="323">S. confusa obscura</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FEE94D5DFFAE924C1755FD0FFE6803A0" box="[376,484,692,717]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Melhania" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="22" pageNumber="323" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="0B9DEACCFFAE924C1755FD0FFE6803A0" box="[376,484,692,717]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="323">Melhania</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FEE94D5DFFAE924C1469FD0FFD3B03A1" box="[580,695,692,716]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Triumfetta" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="22" pageNumber="323" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="0B9DEACCFFAE924C1469FD0FFD3B03A1" box="[580,695,692,716]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="323">Triumfetta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. (Sevastopulo 1974). Until voucher material can be examined from Sevastopulo's rearings, I suspect that there has been a mix-up here, and that Sevastopulo's (unpublished) record of the life history of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FEE94D5DFFAE924C17FFFD46FDCA0279" box="[466,582,764,788]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Spialia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="323" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="confusa">
|
||
<emphasis id="0B9DEACCFFAE924C17FFFD46FDCA0279" box="[466,582,764,788]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="323">S. confusa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
refers to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FEE94D5DFFAE924C1499FD46FCA80278" box="[692,804,764,789]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Spialia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="323" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dromus">
|
||
<emphasis id="0B9DEACCFFAE924C1499FD46FCA80278" box="[692,804,764,789]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="323">S. dromus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and the food plant record of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FEE94D5DFFAE924C125AFD47FB600279" box="[1143,1260,764,788]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Triumfetta" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="22" pageNumber="323" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="0B9DEACCFFAE924C125AFD47FB600279" box="[1143,1260,764,788]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="323">Triumfetta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. should also relate to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FEE94D5DFFAE924C16D4FC9BFEE40255" box="[249,360,799,824]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Spialia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="323" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dromus">
|
||
<emphasis id="0B9DEACCFFAE924C16D4FC9BFEE40255" box="[249,360,799,824]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="323">S. dromus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="395636DEFFAE924C16EAFCFFFCCD0280" blockId="22.[151,1436,151,1005]" pageId="22" pageNumber="323">
|
||
Kielland (1990), Larsen (1991) and Heath
|
||
<emphasis id="0B9DEACCFFAE924C148CFCFEFD5E0230" box="[673,722,836,861]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="323">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (2002) again give
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FEE94D5DFFAE924C1587FCFFFB990230" box="[938,1045,836,861]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Melhania" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="22" pageNumber="323" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="0B9DEACCFFAE924C1587FCFFFB990230" box="[938,1045,836,861]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="323">Melhania</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FEE94D5DFFAE924C1267FCFFFB330231" box="[1098,1215,836,860]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Triumfetta" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="22" pageNumber="323" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="0B9DEACCFFAE924C1267FCFFFB330231" box="[1098,1215,836,860]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="323">Triumfetta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but are assumed to be following these earlier sources. Pringle
|
||
<emphasis id="0B9DEACCFFAE924C1454FCD2FD2602ED" box="[633,682,871,896]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="323">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (1994) and Henning
|
||
<emphasis id="0B9DEACCFFAE924C1589FCD2FC5902ED" box="[932,981,871,896]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="323">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (1997) also give these names, referring to Sevastopulo’s work and
|
||
<collectingRegion id="FB2DF83CFFAE924C17E8FC36FE7902C9" box="[453,501,909,932]" country="Cameroon" name="East" pageId="22" pageNumber="323">East</collectingRegion>
|
||
Africa respectively. Woodhall (2005) suggests they are probably the food plants. In view of the possible confusion, it would be appropriate to consider these food plants records, particularly that of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FEE94D5DFFAE924C16BAFC6FFE800281" box="[151,268,980,1004]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Triumfetta" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="22" pageNumber="323" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="0B9DEACCFFAE924C16BAFC6FFE800281" box="[151,268,980,1004]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="323">Triumfetta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. as unconfirmed. I have not reared this species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |