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<document id="71A1C894EA8180E2735DA8AED3B26B34" ID="10.11646/zootaxa.4173.4.1" ID-CLB-Dataset="38068" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4173.4.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="235cd1e5-39f4-43b4-a65a-94daa8e45bec" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="256597" ID-ZooBank="3E955EB2-79DE-462C-B3EE-E4AF334D1F61" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1475735022662" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Cock, Matthew J. W." docDate="2016" docId="B14087C8FF9B927916BAFC4EFD6007B0" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4173.4.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4173 (4)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Spialia doris subsp. doris Walker 1870" docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="336" masterDocId="4D79FFB0FFB8925A162DFFBBFF8C016D" masterDocTitle="Observations on the biology of Afrotropical Hesperiidae (Lepidoptera) with particular reference to Kenya. Part 10. Pyrginae, Carcharodini" masterLastPageNumber="350" masterPageNumber="301" pageNumber="336" updateTime="1698429372848" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="93B646CC23933DE075DA0ECA1AC85D9C">Observations on the biology of Afrotropical Hesperiidae (Lepidoptera) with particular reference to Kenya. Part 10. Pyrginae, Carcharodini</mods:title>
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<treatment id="B14087C8FF9B927916BAFC4EFD6007B0" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5632242" ID-GBIF-Taxon="124997304" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5632242" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:B14087C8FF9B927916BAFC4EFD6007B0" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/B14087C8FF9B927916BAFC4EFD6007B0" lastPageNumber="336" pageId="35" pageNumber="336">
<subSubSection id="71F36555FF9B927916BAFC4EFD240440" pageId="35" pageNumber="336" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="395636DEFF9B927916BAFC4EFD920562" blockId="35.[151,542,1013,1039]" box="[151,542,1013,1039]" pageId="35" pageNumber="336">
<heading id="621E81B2FF9B927916BAFC4EFD920562" bold="true" box="[151,542,1013,1039]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="35" pageNumber="336" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="FEE94D5DFF9B927916BAFC4EFD920562" ID-CoL="6YZYZ" authority="Walker, 1870" authorityName="Walker" authorityYear="1870" box="[151,542,1013,1039]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Spialia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="336" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="doris" subSpecies="doris">
<emphasis id="0B9DEACCFF9B927916BAFC4EFD920562" bold="true" box="[151,542,1013,1039]" pageId="35" pageNumber="336">
<emphasis id="0B9DEACCFF9B927916BAFC4EFEFE0562" bold="true" box="[151,370,1013,1039]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="336">Spialia doris doris</emphasis>
Walker, 1870
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="395636DEFF9B927916BAFB87FD240440" blockId="35.[151,1436,1084,1757]" pageId="35" pageNumber="336">
<materialsCitation id="89813C83FF9B927916BAFB87FAF005F1" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1316272049" collectorName="De Jong &amp; Africa. De Jong" country="Kenya" location="Bura" pageId="35" pageNumber="336" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Tana River">
<taxonomicName id="FEE94D5DFF9B927916BAFB87FEE70538" box="[151,363,1084,1109]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Spialia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="336" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="doris" subSpecies="doris">
<emphasis id="0B9DEACCFF9B927916BAFB87FEE70538" box="[151,363,1084,1109]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="336">Spialia doris doris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is the only representative of the
<taxonomicName id="FEE94D5DFF9B927914C5FB87FCDA0538" box="[744,854,1084,1109]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Spialia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="336" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="phlomidis">
<emphasis id="0B9DEACCFF9B927914C5FB87FCDA0538" box="[744,854,1084,1109]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="336">phlomidis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group of
<taxonomicName id="FEE94D5DFF9B927915E7FB87FB960538" box="[970,1050,1084,1109]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Spialia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="336" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="0B9DEACCFF9B927915E7FB87FB960538" box="[970,1050,1084,1109]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="336">Spialia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in
<collectingCountry id="41FE764EFF9B9279126FFB86FB070538" box="[1090,1163,1085,1109]" name="Kenya" pageId="35" pageNumber="336">Kenya</collectingCountry>
(
<collectorName id="941C5308FF9B927912B1FB87FB700538" box="[1180,1276,1084,1109]" pageId="35" pageNumber="336">De Jong</collectorName>
1978). It was described from Tajora [Tadjoura,
<collectingCountry id="41FE764EFF9B92791406FBE4FD070515" box="[555,651,1119,1144]" name="Djibouti" pageId="35" pageNumber="336">Djibouti</collectingCountry>
] (Walker 1870) and is found in Arabia and north-eastern
<collectorName id="941C5308FF9B92791309FBE4FF4005F0" pageId="35" pageNumber="336">Africa. De Jong</collectorName>
(1978) records a single male of this species from
<collectingCountry id="41FE764EFF9B92791524FB3EFCD905F0" box="[777,853,1157,1181]" name="Kenya" pageId="35" pageNumber="336">Kenya</collectingCountry>
, from the
<collectingRegion id="FB2DF83CFF9B927915E6FB3EFBCB05F0" box="[971,1095,1156,1181]" country="Kenya" name="Tana River" pageId="35" pageNumber="336">
Tana
<collectingRegion id="FB2DF83CFF9B92791224FB3FFBCB05F0" box="[1033,1095,1156,1181]" country="Nigeria" name="Rivers" pageId="35" pageNumber="336">River</collectingRegion>
</collectingRegion>
between
<collectingRegion id="FB2DF83CFF9B92791298FB3FFA8505F0" box="[1205,1289,1156,1181]" country="Kenya" name="Garissa" pageId="35" pageNumber="336">Garissa</collectingRegion>
and
<location id="3C366005FF9B9279136FFB3EFAF005F1" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:B14087C8FF9B927916BAFC4EFD6007B0:3C366005FF9B9279136FFB3EFAF005F1" box="[1346,1404,1157,1180]" country="Kenya" name="Bura" pageId="35" pageNumber="336" stateProvince="Tana River">Bura</location>
</materialsCitation>
.
<materialsCitation id="89813C83FF9B927913A5FB3FFB370588" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1316272047" country="Egypt" location="southern Iran" pageId="35" pageNumber="336" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="A">
<collectingRegion id="FB2DF83CFF9B927913A5FB3FFA1005F1" box="[1416,1436,1156,1180]" country="Nigeria" name="Rivers" pageId="35" pageNumber="336">A</collectingRegion>
second subspecies,
<emphasis id="0B9DEACCFF9B9279175EFB1CFE6005AD" box="[371,492,1191,1216]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="336">amenophis</emphasis>
(Reverdin), is restricted to
<collectingCountry id="41FE764EFF9B92791508FB13FCE605AD" box="[805,874,1192,1216]" name="Egypt" pageId="35" pageNumber="336">Egypt</collectingCountry>
, a third,
<emphasis id="0B9DEACCFF9B927915E2FB1CFBAE05AD" box="[975,1058,1191,1216]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="336">daphne</emphasis>
Evans, occurs in Mauretania and south-western
<collectingCountry id="41FE764EFF9B92791711FB76FE280589" box="[316,420,1229,1252]" name="Morocco" pageId="35" pageNumber="336">Morocco</collectingCountry>
, and a fourth,
<emphasis id="0B9DEACCFF9B9279146BFB77FD130588" box="[582,671,1228,1253]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="336">evanida</emphasis>
(Butler) is found from
<location id="3C366005FF9B92791585FB77FBB10589" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:B14087C8FF9B927916BAFC4EFD6007B0:3C366005FF9B92791585FB77FBB10589" box="[936,1085,1228,1253]" country="Egypt" name="southern Iran" pageId="35" pageNumber="336" stateProvince="A">southern Iran</location>
to Gujurat
</materialsCitation>
,
<materialsCitation id="89813C83FF9B927912EBFB77FD240440" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1316272050" collectorName="De Jong" country="India" location="India" pageId="35" pageNumber="336" specimenCount="1">
<collectingCountry id="41FE764EFF9B927912EBFB77FA8C0588" box="[1222,1280,1228,1253]" name="India" pageId="35" pageNumber="336">India</collectingCountry>
(Evans 1949,
<collectorName id="941C5308FF9B927916BAFB4BFF7F0465" box="[151,243,1264,1288]" pageId="35" pageNumber="336">De Jong</collectorName>
1978, Larsen 2005). Obviously extremely rare in collections from
<collectingCountry id="41FE764EFF9B927915F3FB4BFBA60465" box="[990,1066,1264,1288]" name="Kenya" pageId="35" pageNumber="336">Kenya</collectingCountry>
, this species in
<collectingCountry id="41FE764EFF9B927912FAFB4BFAAC0465" box="[1239,1312,1264,1288]" name="Kenya" pageId="35" pageNumber="336">Kenya</collectingCountry>
is likely to be associated with sub-desert rocky conditions.
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="71F36555FF9B927916EAFA8CFD6007B0" pageId="35" pageNumber="336" type="description">
<paragraph id="395636DEFF9B927916EAFA8CFD6007B0" blockId="35.[151,1436,1084,1757]" pageId="35" pageNumber="336">
Although the life history in
<collectingCountry id="41FE764EFF9B92791425FA83FDDD043D" box="[520,593,1336,1360]" name="Kenya" pageId="35" pageNumber="336">Kenya</collectingCountry>
is unknown, and has not been documented elsewhere for any subspecies, there are records of food plants for ssp.
<emphasis id="0B9DEACCFF9B9279144DFAE7FD550418" box="[608,729,1372,1397]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="336">amenophis</emphasis>
and ssp.
<taxonomicName id="FEE94D5DFF9B9279156BFAE7FCF30418" box="[838,895,1372,1397]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Spialia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="336" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="doris">
<emphasis id="0B9DEACCFF9B9279156BFAE7FCF30418" box="[838,895,1372,1397]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="336">doris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Graves (1925) records
<taxonomicName id="FEE94D5DFF9B927912B8FAE7FAF10418" box="[1173,1405,1372,1397]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Convolvulaceae" genus="Convolvulus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" pageId="35" pageNumber="336" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lanatus">
<emphasis id="0B9DEACCFF9B927912B8FAE7FAF10418" box="[1173,1405,1372,1397]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="336">Convolvulus lanatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as the food plant of ssp.
<emphasis id="0B9DEACCFF9B927917A1FAC4FD8904F5" box="[396,517,1407,1432]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="336">amenophis</emphasis>
in desert in northeast
<collectingCountry id="41FE764EFF9B9279152CFA3BFCCB04F5" box="[769,839,1408,1432]" name="Egypt" pageId="35" pageNumber="336">Egypt</collectingCountry>
, noting that this
<taxonomicName id="FEE94D5DFF9B92791220FAC4FB1504F5" box="[1037,1177,1407,1432]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Convolvulaceae" genus="Convolvulus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" pageId="35" pageNumber="336" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="0B9DEACCFF9B92791220FAC4FB1504F5" box="[1037,1177,1407,1432]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="336">Convolvulus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is very conspicuous in April and May, when it flowers, the extremely white petals being visible at an appreciable distance. Most records for ssp.
<taxonomicName id="FEE94D5DFF9B927916DCFA7CFEA7048D" box="[241,299,1479,1504]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Spialia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="336" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="doris">
<emphasis id="0B9DEACCFF9B927916DCFA7CFEA7048D" box="[241,299,1479,1504]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="336">doris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
relate to species of
<taxonomicName id="FEE94D5DFF9B92791421FA7CFD4F048D" box="[524,707,1479,1504]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Convolvulaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" pageId="35" pageNumber="336" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Convolvulaceae</taxonomicName>
, but it is also known to feed on at least one
<taxonomicName id="FEE94D5DFF9B9279129FFA7CFAA3048D" box="[1202,1327,1479,1504]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="35" pageNumber="336" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Malvaceae</taxonomicName>
. In
<collectingCountry id="41FE764EFF9B92791375FA73FA14048D" box="[1368,1432,1480,1504]" name="Qatar" pageId="35" pageNumber="336">Qatar</collectingCountry>
, Pittaway (1980) reported one female was seen investigating
<taxonomicName id="FEE94D5DFF9B9279156CFA57FBA70768" box="[833,1067,1516,1541]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Corchorus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="35" pageNumber="336" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="depressus">
<emphasis id="0B9DEACCFF9B9279156CFA57FBA70768" box="[833,1067,1516,1541]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="336">Corchorus depressus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, a possible food plant and in his subsequent work on the butterflies of western
<collectingCountry id="41FE764EFF9B9279148AF9B4FCB00745" box="[679,828,1551,1576]" name="Saudi Arabia" pageId="35" pageNumber="336">Saudi Arabia</collectingCountry>
(Pittaway 1985) he includes
<taxonomicName id="FEE94D5DFF9B927912A1F9B4FA8F0745" box="[1164,1283,1551,1576]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Corchorus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="35" pageNumber="336" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="0B9DEACCFF9B927912A1F9B4FA8F0745" box="[1164,1283,1551,1576]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="336">Corchorus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. as a food plant.
<taxonomicName id="FEE94D5DFF9B927916F3F98FFE460720" box="[222,458,1588,1613]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Corchorus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="35" pageNumber="336" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="depressus">
<emphasis id="0B9DEACCFF9B927916F3F98FFE460720" box="[222,458,1588,1613]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="336">Corchorus depressus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is a prostate plant with rigid crooked branches, found on stony ground in hills and on detritus in lower wadis (
<collectingRegion id="FB2DF83CFF9B9279178EF9E3FD8C071D" box="[419,512,1624,1648]" country="Zambia" name="Western" pageId="35" pageNumber="336">Western</collectingRegion>
1989).
<taxonomicName id="FEE94D5DFF9B92791478F9ECFC86071D" box="[597,778,1623,1648]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Convolvulaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" pageId="35" pageNumber="336" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Convolvulaceae</taxonomicName>
food plants include
<taxonomicName id="FEE94D5DFF9B927915C1F9E3FBD4071D" box="[1004,1112,1623,1648]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Corchorus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="35" pageNumber="336" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="hystrix">
<emphasis id="0B9DEACCFF9B927915C1F9E3FBD4071D" box="[1004,1112,1623,1648]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="336">C. hystrix</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and other
<taxonomicName id="FEE94D5DFF9B927912E0F9ECFAD5071D" box="[1229,1369,1623,1648]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Convolvulaceae" genus="Convolvulus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" pageId="35" pageNumber="336" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="0B9DEACCFF9B927912E0F9ECFAD5071D" box="[1229,1369,1623,1648]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="336">Convolvulus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. in western
<collectingCountry id="41FE764EFF9B927916D1F9C7FE1907F8" box="[252,405,1660,1685]" name="Saudi Arabia" pageId="35" pageNumber="336">Saudi Arabia</collectingCountry>
(Pittaway 1985), and
<taxonomicName id="FEE94D5DFF9B9279148AF9C6FCFA07F9" box="[679,886,1661,1684]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Convolvulaceae" genus="Ipomoea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" pageId="35" pageNumber="336" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="imperati">
<emphasis id="0B9DEACCFF9B9279148AF9C6FCFA07F9" box="[679,886,1661,1684]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="336">Ipomoea imperati</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(=
<taxonomicName id="FEE94D5DFF9B92791587F9C6FBCD07F8" box="[938,1089,1660,1685]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Convolvulaceae" genus="Ipomoea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" pageId="35" pageNumber="336" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="stolonifera">
<emphasis id="0B9DEACCFF9B92791587F9C6FBCD07F8" box="[938,1089,1660,1685]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="336">I. stolonifera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) by implication in the
<collectingRegion id="FB2DF83CFF9B9279134FF9C7FE8807D5" country="Egypt" name="Shamal Sina'" pageId="35" pageNumber="336">Sinai Peninsula</collectingRegion>
(Benyamini 1984). There do not seem to be any food plant records from further south in Africa, and Larsen (1991, 2005) repeats these food plant records.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>