191 lines
22 KiB
XML
191 lines
22 KiB
XML
<document id="E6E0DCB3EF417F66BE78696EC3DB2B73" ID-CLB-Dataset="22374" ID-DOI="10.5852/ejt.2015.149" ID-GBIF-Dataset="5f7efcfd-9137-4909-8125-f4cc7d9bae9f" ID-ISSN="2118-9773" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3787554" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1588704016992" checkinUser="carolina" docAuthor="Taylor, Paul D. & Tan, Shau-Hwai Aileen" docDate="2015" docId="9C3C87B4BB2FE422FDA3FA44FC01FEF5" docLanguage="en" docName="ejt-2015-149a.pdf.imf" docOrigin="European Journal of Taxonomy 149" docStyle="DocumentStyle:EF2B578F1D15862ADE45B0C07C620911.14:EJT.2018-.journal_article.type1" docStyleId="EF2B578F1D15862ADE45B0C07C620911" docStyleName="EJT.2018-.journal_article.type1" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Parasmittina raigioidea Liu 2001" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="23" masterDocId="6005FFCCBB3BE434FF8EFF92FFFEFFB2" masterDocTitle="Cheilostome Bryozoa from Penang and Langkawi, Malaysia" masterLastPageNumber="34" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="21" updateTime="1698838607080" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-3.0" zenodo-license-figures="CC-BY-3.0" zenodo-license-treatments="UNSPECIFIED">
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<mods:title id="895F34D8B939E8DD22A2877423E9019C">Cheilostome Bryozoa from Penang and Langkawi, Malaysia</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="20A459F5794301AC459EBA1840A76506" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="55AF1B35D6BB15AA88B32824DF51E039">Taylor, Paul D.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="48BFDAF78D5F7616FE7E206D20CA46D6">Tan, Shau-Hwai Aileen</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="7B3A655279F4077839E5B9AC0BE77638">European Journal of Taxonomy</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="3C7A8717566834AF009A5F7CCED2857C">2015</mods:date>
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<treatment id="9C3C87B4BB2FE422FDA3FA44FC01FEF5" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3793811" ID-GBIF-Taxon="163963476" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3793811" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:9C3C87B4BB2FE422FDA3FA44FC01FEF5" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/9C3C87B4BB2FE422FDA3FA44FC01FEF5" lastPageId="22" lastPageNumber="23" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
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<subSubSection id="5C8F6529BB2FE420FDA3FA44FBF9FA42" box="[557,1031,1494,1521]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="142A36A2BB2FE420FDA3FA44FBF9FA42" blockId="20.[557,1031,1494,1555]" box="[557,1031,1494,1521]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
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<heading id="4F6281CEBB2FE420FDA3FA44FBF9FA42" box="[557,1031,1494,1521]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" reason="2">
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<taxonomicName id="D3954D21BB2FE420FDA3FA44FBF9FA42" ID-CoL="75QGC" authority="Liu et al., 2001" authorityName="Liu" authorityYear="2001" box="[557,1031,1494,1521]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Smittinidae" genus="Parasmittina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="raigioidea">
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<emphasis id="26E1EAB0BB2FE420FDA3FA44FCB5FA42" bold="true" box="[557,843,1494,1520]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Parasmittina raigioidea</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="70044B53BB2FE420FCDCFA44FBF9FA42" author="Liu X. & Yin X. & Ma J." box="[850,1031,1494,1521]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" refId="ref14860" refString="Liu X., Yin X. & Ma J. 2001. Biology of Marine-Fouling Bryozoans in the Coastal Waters of China. Science Press, Beijing." type="book" year="2001">
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Liu
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<emphasis id="26E1EAB0BB2FE420FC0CFA4AFC43FA42" box="[898,957,1494,1521]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">et al.</emphasis>
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, 2001
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</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="5C8F6529BB2FE420FD5AFA6BFCA1F9A1" box="[724,863,1529,1555]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" type="description">
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<paragraph id="142A36A2BB2FE420FD5AFA6BFCA1F9A1" blockId="20.[557,1031,1494,1555]" box="[724,863,1529,1555]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
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<figureCitation id="8CAE2A27BB2FE420FD5AFA6BFCDBF9A1" box="[724,805,1529,1555]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="21.[189,232,1677,1703]" captionTargetBox="[188,1399,702,1642]" captionTargetId="figure@21.[173,1411,696,1655]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="Fig. 12. Parasmittina spp. — A–C. P. raigioidea Liu et al., 2001. Pulau Betong, Penang, MSL BRY020b. A. Part of colony. B. Autozooids and avicularia. C. Orifice with lyrula and proximally directed adventitious avicularium. — D–F. Parasmittina sp. 1. Kuah jetty, Penang, MSL BRY021b. D. Colony (bottom) becoming overgrown by a colony of P. winstonae (top). E. Ovicellate zooids and proximally directed vicarious avicularia. F. Detail showing a proximally directed vicarious avicularium (upper left of centre) with a proximally directed spatulate adventitious avicularium to its lower right and a distally directed acuminate adventitious avicularium to the lower right of that. — G–I. Parasmittina sp. 2. Kampung Kuala Temoyong, Langkawi, MSL BRY012b; encrusting a large gastropod shell. G. Part of colony. H. Group of zooids. I. Autozooids and an adventitious avicularium. Scale bars: A, H = 500 μm; B, E–F = 200 μm; C, I = 100 μm; D, G = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3787578" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3787578/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Fig. 12</figureCitation>
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A–C
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="5C8F6529BB2FE420FF33F9AEFC6AF9E7" box="[189,916,1595,1621]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="142A36A2BB2FE420FF33F9AEFC6AF9E7" blockId="20.[189,916,1595,1621]" box="[189,916,1595,1621]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="3485118CBB2FE420FF33F9AEFC6AF9E7" box="[189,916,1595,1621]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
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<treatmentCitation id="953410B3BB2FE420FF33F9AEFD2CF9E7" author="Liu X. & Yin X. & Ma J." box="[189,722,1595,1621]" page="629" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" year="2001">
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<taxonomicName id="D3954D21BB2FE420FF33F9AEFD2CF9E7" ID-CoL="75QGC" authority="Liu et al., 2001: 629" authorityName="Liu" authorityPageNumber="629" authorityYear="2001" box="[189,722,1595,1621]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Smittinidae" genus="Parasmittina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="raigioidea">
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<emphasis id="26E1EAB0BB2FE420FF33F9AEFE26F9E7" box="[189,472,1595,1621]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Parasmittina raigioidea</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="70044B53BB2FE420FE51F9A9FD2CF9E7" author="Liu X. & Yin X. & Ma J." box="[479,722,1595,1621]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" refId="ref14860" refString="Liu X., Yin X. & Ma J. 2001. Biology of Marine-Fouling Bryozoans in the Coastal Waters of China. Science Press, Beijing." type="book" year="2001">
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Liu
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<emphasis id="26E1EAB0BB2FE420FD81F9AEFDB4F9E7" box="[527,586,1595,1621]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">et al.</emphasis>
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, 2001: 629
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</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</treatmentCitation>
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, pl. 58, figs 1–2.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="5C8F6529BB2FE420FF33F9E9FB30F977" box="[189,1230,1659,1733]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="142A36A2BB2FE420FF33F9E9FED4F927" blockId="20.[189,298,1659,1685]" box="[189,298,1659,1685]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
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<heading id="4F6281CEBB2FE420FF33F9E9FED4F927" bold="true" box="[189,298,1659,1685]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" reason="3">
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<emphasis id="26E1EAB0BB2FE420FF33F9E9FED4F927" bold="true" box="[189,298,1659,1685]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Material</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="142A36A2BB2FE420FF33F939FB30F977" blockId="20.[189,1230,1707,1733]" box="[189,1230,1707,1733]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
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<collectingCountry id="6C827632BB2FE420FF33F939FEA4F977" box="[189,346,1707,1733]" name="Malaysia" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">MALAYSIA</collectingCountry>
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: MSL BRY020b, Pulau Betong,
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<collectingRegion id="D651F840BB2FE420FD57F939FCCCF977" box="[729,818,1707,1733]" country="Malaysia" name="Pulau Pinang" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Penang</collectingRegion>
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, encrusting barnacle on oyster raft.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="5C8F6529BB2FE421FF33F979FA89FE02" lastPageId="21" lastPageNumber="22" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" type="description">
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<paragraph id="142A36A2BB2FE420FF33F979FEB0F8B7" blockId="20.[189,334,1771,1797]" box="[189,334,1771,1797]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
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<heading id="4F6281CEBB2FE420FF33F979FEB0F8B7" bold="true" box="[189,334,1771,1797]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" reason="3">
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<emphasis id="26E1EAB0BB2FE420FF33F979FEB0F8B7" bold="true" box="[189,334,1771,1797]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Description</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="142A36A2BB2FE421FF33F889FA89FE02" blockId="20.[189,1399,1819,2021]" lastBlockId="21.[189,1399,266,432]" lastPageId="21" lastPageNumber="22" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
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Colony encrusting, multiserial, unilamellar. Ancestrula and early astogeny not observed. Autozooids subhexagonal, distally rounded, about
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<quantity id="D36D9B47BB2FE420FD1DF8ACFCBDF8EA" box="[659,835,1854,1880]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.75" metricValueMax="5.1" metricValueMin="2.4" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" unit="mm" value="0.375" valueMax="0.51" valueMin="0.24">0.24–0.51 mm</quantity>
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long by
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<quantity id="D36D9B47BB2FE420FC39F8ACFB98F8EA" box="[951,1126,1854,1880]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.3" metricValueMax="2.7" metricValueMin="1.9" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" unit="mm" value="0.23" valueMax="0.27" valueMin="0.19">0.19–0.27 mm</quantity>
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wide; boundary walls salient with a fine fissure; frontal shield convex, coarsely pustulose, about 20 marginal areolar pores separated by ridges, impinging on central part of shield in older zooids, no pseudopores; primary orifice elliptical, about
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<quantity id="D36D9B47BB2FE420FEF2F835FE1BF873" box="[380,485,1959,1985]" metricMagnitude="-5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" unit="mm" value="0.09">0.09 mm</quantity>
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long by
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<quantity id="D36D9B47BB2FE420FDC0F835FD46F873" box="[590,696,1959,1985]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" unit="mm" value="0.1">0.10 mm</quantity>
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wide, lappets developed laterally, lyrula broad, about 9 μm high by 25 μm wide at top edge, condyles present about one-quarter along orifice; oral spine bases numbering 1 or 2; ovicell not observed. Avicularia adventitious, variable in size, shape and orientation but not clearly polymorphic (i.e., intermediates existing between common morphologies); usually located lateral to orifice or on proximal frontal shield, the former directed proximally, the latter distally or laterally,
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<quantity id="D36D9B47BB2EE421FEC2FEE1FE06FE3F" box="[332,504,371,397]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.55" metricValueMax="2.3" metricValueMin="0.8" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" unit="mm" value="0.155" valueMax="0.23" valueMin="0.08">0.08–0.23 mm</quantity>
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long by
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<quantity id="D36D9B47BB2EE421FDEDFEE1FCF1FE3F" box="[611,783,371,397]" metricMagnitude="-5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.5" metricValueMax="8.0" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" unit="mm" value="0.065" valueMax="0.08" valueMin="0.05">0.05–0.08 mm</quantity>
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wide; rostrum acutely triangular to spatulate with a moderate shelf, straight or slightly curved; cross-bar calcified, straight to concave; opesia semielliptical.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="5C8F6529BB2EE422FF33FE45FC01FEF5" lastPageId="22" lastPageNumber="23" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="142A36A2BB2EE421FF33FE45FED1FE43" blockId="21.[189,303,471,497]" box="[189,303,471,497]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
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<heading id="4F6281CEBB2EE421FF33FE45FED1FE43" bold="true" box="[189,303,471,497]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" reason="3">
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<emphasis id="26E1EAB0BB2EE421FF33FE45FED1FE43" bold="true" box="[189,303,471,497]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Remarks</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="142A36A2BB2EE421FF33FD94FA89FD38" blockId="21.[189,1399,518,650]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
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Acknowledging the problems in discriminating between species of
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<taxonomicName id="D3954D21BB2EE421FB82FD9AFB5BFD93" authorityName="Osburn" authorityYear="1952" box="[1036,1189,520,545]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Smittinidae" genus="Parasmittina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="26E1EAB0BB2EE421FB82FD9AFB5BFD93" box="[1036,1189,520,545]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Parasmittina</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, this material is tentatively assigned to
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<taxonomicName id="D3954D21BB2EE421FE47FDB9FD9EFDF6" box="[457,608,554,580]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Smittinidae" genus="Parasmittina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="raigioidea">
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<emphasis id="26E1EAB0BB2EE421FE47FDB9FD9EFDF6" box="[457,608,554,580]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">P. raigioidea</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, a species described originally from South
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<collectingCountry id="6C827632BB2EE421FBD7FDB8FB5CFDF6" box="[1113,1186,554,580]" name="China" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">China</collectingCountry>
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, on account of the similar range of avicularian morphologies to those seen in pl. 58, figs 1 and 2 of
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<bibRefCitation id="70044B53BB2EE421FBEAFDDFFAD9FDD5" author="Liu X. & Yin X. & Ma J." box="[1124,1319,589,615]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" refId="ref14860" refString="Liu X., Yin X. & Ma J. 2001. Biology of Marine-Fouling Bryozoans in the Coastal Waters of China. Science Press, Beijing." type="book" year="2001">
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||
Liu
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<emphasis id="26E1EAB0BB2EE421FB1AFDDCFB30FDD5" box="[1172,1230,589,615]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">et al.</emphasis>
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||
(2001)
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</bibRefCitation>
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||
. These authors recognised two
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<typeStatus id="CB2E8800BB2EE421FE5AFDE2FDECFD38" box="[468,530,624,650]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">types</typeStatus>
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of small avicularia – triangular and spatulate – as well as giant avicularia.
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="40EA662ABB2EE421FF33F91FFD0DF857" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3787578" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3787578" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3787578/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" startId="21.[189,232,1677,1703]" targetBox="[188,1399,702,1642]" targetPageId="21">
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<paragraph id="142A36A2BB2EE421FF33F91FFD0DF857" blockId="21.[189,1399,1677,2021]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
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<emphasis id="26E1EAB0BB2EE421FF33F91FFEE9F915" bold="true" box="[189,279,1677,1703]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Fig. 12.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D3954D21BB2EE421FE92F91DFE4BF91A" authorityName="Osburn" authorityYear="1952" box="[284,437,1679,1704]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Smittinidae" genus="Parasmittina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="26E1EAB0BB2EE421FE92F91DFE4BF91A" box="[284,437,1679,1704]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Parasmittina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
spp. —
|
||
<emphasis id="26E1EAB0BB2EE421FD9DF91FFDB2F915" bold="true" box="[531,588,1677,1703]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">A–C</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D3954D21BB2EE421FDD6F91DFC5AF91A" authority="Liu et al., 2001" authorityName="Liu" authorityYear="2001" box="[600,932,1678,1704]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Smittinidae" genus="Parasmittina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="raigioidea">
|
||
<emphasis id="26E1EAB0BB2EE421FDD6F91DFD13F91A" box="[600,749,1678,1704]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">P. raigioidea</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="70044B53BB2EE421FD7CF91CFC5AF91A" author="Liu X. & Yin X. & Ma J." box="[754,932,1678,1704]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" refId="ref14860" refString="Liu X., Yin X. & Ma J. 2001. Biology of Marine-Fouling Bryozoans in the Coastal Waters of China. Science Press, Beijing." type="book" year="2001">
|
||
Liu
|
||
<emphasis id="26E1EAB0BB2EE421FCAEF91DFCACF91A" box="[800,850,1678,1704]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">et al</emphasis>
|
||
., 2001
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Pulau Betong, Penang, MSL BRY020b. A. Part of colony. B. Autozooids and avicularia. C. Orifice with lyrula and proximally directed adventitious avicularium. —
|
||
<emphasis id="26E1EAB0BB2EE421FD98F946FDB2F95C" bold="true" box="[534,588,1748,1774]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">D–F</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D3954D21BB2EE421FDD5F944FD0AF95D" authorityName="Osburn" authorityYear="1952" box="[603,756,1750,1775]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Smittinidae" genus="Parasmittina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="26E1EAB0BB2EE421FDD5F944FD0AF95D" box="[603,756,1750,1775]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Parasmittina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. 1. Kuah jetty, Penang, MSL BRY021b. D. Colony (bottom) becoming overgrown by a colony of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D3954D21BB2EE421FD6AF96BFC87F8A0" box="[740,889,1785,1810]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Smittinidae" genus="Parasmittina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="winstonae">
|
||
<emphasis id="26E1EAB0BB2EE421FD6AF96BFC87F8A0" box="[740,889,1785,1810]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">P. winstonae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(top). E. Ovicellate zooids and proximally directed vicarious avicularia. F. Detail showing a proximally directed vicarious avicularium (upper left of centre) with a proximally directed spatulate adventitious avicularium to its lower right and a distally directed acuminate adventitious avicularium to the lower right of that. —
|
||
<emphasis id="26E1EAB0BB2EE421FBC5F8F2FB82F8C8" bold="true" box="[1099,1148,1888,1914]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">G–I</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D3954D21BB2EE421FB01F8F1FAD6F8CE" authorityName="Osburn" authorityYear="1952" box="[1167,1320,1891,1916]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Smittinidae" genus="Parasmittina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="26E1EAB0BB2EE421FB01F8F1FAD6F8CE" box="[1167,1320,1891,1916]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Parasmittina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. 2. Kampung Kuala Temoyong, Langkawi, MSL BRY012b; encrusting a large gastropod shell. G. Part of colony. H. Group of zooids. I. Autozooids and an adventitious avicularium. Scale bars: A, H = 500 μm; B, E–F = 200 μm; C, I = 100 μm; D, G = 1 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="142A36A2BB2DE422FF33FE98FC01FEF5" blockId="22.[189,1398,266,327]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
|
||
The Malaysian material shows a range of avicularian morphologies and sizes and it is unclear whether there is one highly variable
|
||
<typeStatus id="CB2E8800BB2DE422FD8AFEBFFDC9FEF5" box="[516,567,301,327]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">type</typeStatus>
|
||
of avicularium or several polymorphs.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |