458 lines
55 KiB
XML
458 lines
55 KiB
XML
<document id="6DEB502EC2ECFC205FFF6EE77FAA7089" ID-CLB-Dataset="45373" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3826.1.2" ID-GBIF-Dataset="41a0a1cc-4b27-449b-af69-7d2d5d804ccd" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="250363" ID-ZooBank="FD0A7BBD-0C72-457A-815D-A573C0AF1523" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460444282510" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Grajales, Alejandro & Rodríguez, Estefanía" docDate="2014" docId="855187F48279D750FF419AECE608F952" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03826p100.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3826 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Aiptasiidae Carlgren 1924" docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="58" masterDocId="7968FF8C827BD753FFD69F12E41EFFB2" masterDocTitle="Morphological revision of the genus Aiptasia and the family Aiptasiidae (Cnidaria, Actiniaria, Metridioidea)" masterLastPageNumber="100" masterPageNumber="55" pageNumber="57" updateTime="1698333222209" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="5B7BFCAB04F016711967B9B0F1C0BA77">Morphological revision of the genus Aiptasia and the family Aiptasiidae (Cnidaria, Actiniaria, Metridioidea)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="7CA5791B04D5E9F9450D214A6934FBE8">Grajales, Alejandro</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="1E555BA062C74A677AF01AACEA140A73">Rodríguez, Estefanía</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="E9228E94D699D1B5788F04653536E965">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="F0F53DD9DED97C8749A6A5D273638C70">2014</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="C40ADA405136D7D6BE553F2ED3AD9138">3826</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="855861613E5EECEBCF8CE744465B7EC9" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.3826.1.2</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="855187F48279D750FF419AECE608F952" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6140420" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119509005" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6140420" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:855187F48279D750FF419AECE608F952" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/855187F48279D750FF419AECE608F952" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="58" pageId="2" pageNumber="57">
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<subSubSection id="45E265698279D751FF419AECE658F9AA" box="[151,582,1534,1560]" pageId="2" pageNumber="57" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="0D4736E28279D751FF419AECE658F9AA" blockId="2.[151,582,1534,1560]" box="[151,582,1534,1560]" pageId="2" pageNumber="57">
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<heading id="560F818E8279D751FF419AECE658F9AA" bold="true" box="[151,582,1534,1560]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="57" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="3F8CEAF08279D751FF419AECE658F9AA" bold="true" box="[151,582,1534,1560]" pageId="2" pageNumber="57">
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Family
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<taxonomicName id="CAF84D618279D751FF209AECE658F9AA" ID-CoL="7NFVJ" authority="Carlgren, 1924" authorityName="Carlgren" authorityYear="1924" box="[246,582,1534,1560]" class="Anthozoa" family="Aiptasiidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="2" pageNumber="57" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="family">
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Aiptasiidae
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<bibRefCitation id="69694B138279D751FE5D9AECE658F9AA" author="Carlgren" box="[395,582,1534,1560]" pageId="2" pageNumber="57" refString="Carlgren, O. (1924) Actiniaria from New Zealand and its Subantarctic Islands (Papers from Dr. Th. Mortensen's Pacific Expedition 1914 - 16. XXI). Videnskabelige Meddelelser fra Dansk Naturhistorisk Forening (Copenhagen), 77, 179 - 261." type="journal article" year="1924">Carlgren, 1924</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="45E265698279D751FF419957E6C7F8A0" pageId="2" pageNumber="57" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="0D4736E28279D751FF419957E6C7F8A0" blockId="2.[151,1437,1605,2026]" pageId="2" pageNumber="57">
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<emphasis id="3F8CEAF08279D751FF419957E514F9EC" bold="true" box="[151,266,1605,1630]" pageId="2" pageNumber="57">Diagnosis</emphasis>
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(after
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<bibRefCitation id="69694B138279D751FE889957E61DF9EC" author="Carlgren" box="[350,515,1605,1630]" pageId="2" pageNumber="57" refString="Carlgren, O. (1949) A survey of the Ptychodactiaria, Corallimorpharia and Actiniaria. Kungliga Svenska Vetenskaps - Akademiens Handlingar, series 4, 1 (1), 1 - 121." type="journal article" year="1949">Carlgren 1949</bibRefCitation>
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and Rodríguez
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<emphasis id="3F8CEAF08279D751FD159954E71EF9EC" box="[707,768,1605,1630]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="57">et al.</emphasis>
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2012).
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<emphasis id="3F8CEAF08279D751FC899957E556F930" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="57">
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<taxonomicName id="CAF84D618279D751FC899957E7EFF9EC" box="[863,1009,1605,1630]" class="Anthozoa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="2" pageNumber="57" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="superFamily" superFamily="Metridioidea">Metridioidea</taxonomicName>
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with well developed pedal disc and basilar muscles
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</emphasis>
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.
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<emphasis id="3F8CEAF08279D751FE8E997BE792F933" box="[344,908,1641,1666]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="57">Column sometimes distinctly divided into regions</emphasis>
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. Tentacles and distal column with ectodermal longitudinal muscles. Cinclides in mid-column, margin tentaculate. Mesogleal marginal sphincter muscle. Mesenteries not divisible into macro- and micro- cnemes. Six to eight pairs of mesenteries perfect and fertile. Two siphonoglyphs. Acontia with basitrichs and
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<emphasis id="3F8CEAF08279D751FD7799C7E703F95C" box="[673,797,1749,1774]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="57">microbasic</emphasis>
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p
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<emphasis id="3F8CEAF08279D751FCEE99C7E7EDF95C" box="[824,1011,1749,1774]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="57">-amastigophores</emphasis>
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. Cnidom: Spirocyst, basitrichs, and microbasic
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<emphasis id="3F8CEAF08279D751FECF99EBE5CAF8A0" box="[281,468,1785,1810]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="57">b-mastigophores</emphasis>
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and
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<emphasis id="3F8CEAF08279D751FDDC99E8E606F8A3" box="[522,536,1786,1809]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="57">p</emphasis>
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-amastigophores.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="45E265698279D750FF11980FE7F2FF67" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="58" pageId="2" pageNumber="57" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="0D4736E28279D751FF11980FE5A1F887" blockId="2.[151,1437,1605,2026]" box="[199,447,1821,1846]" pageId="2" pageNumber="57">
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<emphasis id="3F8CEAF08279D751FF11980FE54AF884" bold="true" box="[199,340,1821,1846]" pageId="2" pageNumber="57">
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<typeStatus id="D24388408279D751FF11980FE51CF884" box="[199,258,1821,1846]" pageId="2" pageNumber="57">Type</typeStatus>
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genus.
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</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="CAF84D618279D751FE8D980CE5A6F887" box="[347,440,1822,1845]" class="Anthozoa" family="Aiptasiidae" genus="Aiptasia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="2" pageNumber="57" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="3F8CEAF08279D751FE8D980CE5A6F887" box="[347,440,1822,1845]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="57">Aiptasia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="0D4736E28279D751FF119853E701F8CF" blockId="2.[151,1437,1605,2026]" pageId="2" pageNumber="57">
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<emphasis id="3F8CEAF08279D751FF119853E58FF8E8" bold="true" box="[199,401,1857,1882]" pageId="2" pageNumber="57">Included genera.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="CAF84D618279D751FE4F9850E5E8F8EB" box="[409,502,1858,1881]" class="Anthozoa" family="Aiptasiidae" genus="Aiptasia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="2" pageNumber="57" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="3F8CEAF08279D751FE4F9850E5E8F8EB" box="[409,502,1858,1881]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="57">Aiptasia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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;
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<taxonomicName id="CAF84D618279D751FDD09850E6BFF8EB" box="[518,673,1858,1881]" class="Anthozoa" family="Aiptasiidae" genus="Aiptasiogeton" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="2" pageNumber="57" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="3F8CEAF08279D751FDD09850E6BFF8EB" box="[518,673,1858,1881]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="57">Aiptasiogeton</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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;
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<taxonomicName id="CAF84D618279D751FD649853E75AF8E8" box="[690,836,1857,1882]" class="Anthozoa" family="Aiptasiidae" genus="Bartholomea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="2" pageNumber="57" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="3F8CEAF08279D751FD649853E75AF8E8" box="[690,836,1857,1882]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="57">Bartholomea</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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;
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<taxonomicName id="CAF84D618279D751FC829853E7A8F8E8" box="[852,950,1857,1882]" class="Anthozoa" family="Sagartiidae" genus="Bellactis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="2" pageNumber="57" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="3F8CEAF08279D751FC829853E7A8F8E8" box="[852,950,1857,1882]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="57">Bellactis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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;
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<taxonomicName id="CAF84D618279D751FC139853E0F3F8E8" authority="Watzl, 1922" authorityName="Watzl" authorityYear="1922" box="[965,1261,1857,1882]" class="Anthozoa" family="Aiptasiidae" genus="Carlgreniella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="2" pageNumber="57" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="3F8CEAF08279D751FC139853E042F8E8" box="[965,1116,1857,1882]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="57">Carlgreniella</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="69694B138279D751FBB39853E0F3F8E8" author="Watzl" box="[1125,1261,1857,1882]" pageId="2" pageNumber="57" refString="Watzl, O. (1922) Die Actiniarien der Bahamainseln. Arkiv fur Zoologi, 14, 1 - 89." type="journal article" year="1922">Watzl, 1922</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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(?);
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<taxonomicName id="CAF84D618279D751FAF29850E182F8EB" box="[1316,1436,1858,1881]" class="Anthozoa" family="Aiptasiidae" genus="Exaiptasia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="2" pageNumber="57" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
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<emphasis id="3F8CEAF08279D751FAF29850E182F8EB" box="[1316,1436,1858,1881]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="57">Exaiptasia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="24BF578B8279D751FF419874E51EF8CF" box="[151,256,1894,1918]" pageId="2" pageNumber="57" rank="genus">gen. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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;
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<taxonomicName id="CAF84D618279D751FEDD9877E608F8CC" authority="Verrill, 1868" authorityName="Verrill" authorityYear="1868" box="[267,534,1893,1918]" class="Anthozoa" family="Aiptasiidae" genus="Paranthea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="2" pageNumber="57" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="3F8CEAF08279D751FEDD9877E59FF8CC" box="[267,385,1893,1918]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="57">Paranthea</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="69694B138279D751FE5E9877E608F8CC" author="Verrill" box="[392,534,1893,1918]" pageId="2" pageNumber="57" refString="Verrill, A. E. (1868) Synopsis of the polyps and corals of the North Pacific Exploring Expedition, under Commodore C. Ringgold and Capt. John Rodgers, U. S. N., from 1853 to 1856. Collected by Dr. Wm. Stimpson, Naturalist to the Expedition. Part. IV. Actiniaria (First part). Communications of the Essex Institute, 5, 315 - 330. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1086 / 270634" type="journal article" year="1868">Verrill, 1868</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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(?);
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<taxonomicName id="CAF84D618279D751FD9D9874E6AFF8CF" box="[587,689,1894,1917]" class="Anthozoa" family="Aiptasiidae" genus="Laviactis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="2" pageNumber="57" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
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||
<emphasis id="3F8CEAF08279D751FD9D9874E6AFF8CF" box="[587,689,1894,1917]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="57">Laviactis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
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||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="24BF578B8279D751FD6E9874E701F8CF" box="[696,799,1894,1918]" pageId="2" pageNumber="57" rank="genus">gen. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="0D4736E28279D750FF119898E7F2FF67" blockId="2.[151,1437,1605,2026]" lastBlockId="3.[151,1437,151,1761]" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="58" pageId="2" pageNumber="57">
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We modified the familial diagnosis to reflect the recent changes in the higher-level classification of the order (see Rodríguez
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<emphasis id="3F8CEAF08279D751FE9398BCE563F874" box="[325,381,1965,1990]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="57">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2012, 2014). We also noted that the column is not always clearly divided into regions in all the taxa, the mesogleal marginal sphincter muscle is not always weak, and that the cnidom of the family includes microbasic
|
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<emphasis id="3F8CEAF08278D750FECE9F85E538FF02" box="[280,294,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="58">b</emphasis>
|
||
-mastigophores (in the column) and microbasic
|
||
<emphasis id="3F8CEAF08278D750FCEB9F8BE755FF02" box="[829,843,153,176]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="58">p</emphasis>
|
||
-amastigophores but not microbasic
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||
<emphasis id="3F8CEAF08278D750FB379F8BE0F1FF02" box="[1249,1263,153,176]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="58">p</emphasis>
|
||
-mastigophores (
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||
<emphasis id="3F8CEAF08278D750FF769FAFE4B0FF66" box="[160,174,189,212]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="58">p</emphasis>
|
||
-rhabdoids B2 but not
|
||
<emphasis id="3F8CEAF08278D750FE7C9FAFE5A6FF66" box="[426,440,189,212]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="58">p</emphasis>
|
||
-rhabdoids A
|
||
<emphasis id="3F8CEAF08278D750FD849FAFE68EFF66" box="[594,656,189,212]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="58">sensu</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="69694B138278D750FD419FAEE756FF67" author="Schmidt" box="[663,840,188,213]" pageId="3" pageNumber="58" refString="Schmidt, H. (1969) Die Nesselkapseln der Aktinien und ihre differentialdiagnostishce Bedeutung. Helgolander Wissenschaftliche Meeresuntersuchungen, 19, 284 - 317." type="journal article" year="1969">Schmidt (1969)</bibRefCitation>
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||
, respectively).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="45E265698278D750FF119FCDE608F952" pageId="3" pageNumber="58" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph id="0D4736E28278D750FF119FCDE0FFFE3A" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,1761]" pageId="3" pageNumber="58">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="CAF84D618278D750FF119FCDE601FF4A" authority="Stephenson, 1918" authorityName="Stephenson" authorityYear="1918" box="[199,543,223,248]" class="Anthozoa" genus="Aiptasiodes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="3" pageNumber="58" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
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||
<emphasis id="3F8CEAF08278D750FF119FCDE554FF4A" box="[199,330,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="58">Aiptasiodes</emphasis>
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||
<bibRefCitation id="69694B138278D750FE829FCDE601FF4A" author="Stephenson" box="[340,543,223,248]" pageId="3" pageNumber="58" refString="Stephenson, T. A. (1918) On certain Actiniaria collected off Ireland by the Fisheries Department, during the years 1899 - 1913. Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy, 34 B (7), 106 - 164." type="journal article" year="1918">Stephenson, 1918</bibRefCitation>
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||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was previously placed within
|
||
<taxonomicName id="CAF84D618278D750FC5C9FCDE0A8FF4A" ID-CoL="7NFVJ" authority="Fautin 2013" authorityName="Fautin" authorityYear="2013" box="[906,1206,223,248]" class="Anthozoa" family="Aiptasiidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="3" pageNumber="58" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="family">
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||
Aiptasiidae (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="69694B138278D750FBCB9FCDE0B0FF4A" author="Fautin" box="[1053,1198,223,248]" pageId="3" pageNumber="58" refString="Fautin, D. G. (2013) Hexacorallians of the World. Available from: http: // geoportal. kgs. ku. edu / hexacoral / anemone 2 / index. cfm. (3 June 2013)." type="journal article" year="2013">Fautin 2013</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="69694B138278D750FB139FCDE182FF4A" author="Stephenson" box="[1221,1436,223,248]" pageId="3" pageNumber="58" refString="Stephenson, T. A. (1918) On certain Actiniaria collected off Ireland by the Fisheries Department, during the years 1899 - 1913. Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy, 34 B (7), 106 - 164." type="journal article" year="1918">Stephenson (1918)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
erected the genus for forms related to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="CAF84D618278D750FD989E16E6B5FEA9" ID-CoL="7NNCT" box="[590,683,260,283]" class="Anthozoa" family="Aiptasiidae" genus="Aiptasia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="3" pageNumber="58" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="3F8CEAF08278D750FD989E16E6B5FEA9" box="[590,683,260,283]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="58">Aiptasia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
but having a mesogleal sphincter muscle because at the time, the
|
||
<typeStatus id="D24388408278D750FF419E3AE4D9FEF2" box="[151,199,296,320]" pageId="3" pageNumber="58">type</typeStatus>
|
||
species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="CAF84D618278D750FE999E3AE5B2FE8D" ID-CoL="7NNCT" box="[335,428,296,319]" class="Anthozoa" family="Aiptasiidae" genus="Aiptasia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="3" pageNumber="58" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="3F8CEAF08278D750FE999E3AE5B2FE8D" box="[335,428,296,319]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="58">Aiptasia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName id="CAF84D618278D750FE179E3AE628FEF2" ID-CoL="BCT8" box="[449,566,295,320]" class="Anthozoa" family="Aiptasiidae" genus="Aiptasia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="3" pageNumber="58" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="couchii">
|
||
<emphasis id="3F8CEAF08278D750FE179E3AE628FEF2" box="[449,566,295,320]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="58">A. couchii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) was described as lacking a marginal sphincter muscle. After a mesogleal marginal sphincter muscle was recognized in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="CAF84D618278D750FD109E5EE032FED6" ID-CoL="BCT8" authority="Stephenson 1920" authorityName="Stephenson" authorityYear="1920" box="[710,1068,332,357]" class="Anthozoa" family="Aiptasiidae" genus="Aiptasia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="3" pageNumber="58" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="couchii">
|
||
<emphasis id="3F8CEAF08278D750FD109E5EE721FED7" box="[710,831,332,357]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="58">A. couchii</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="69694B138278D750FC819E5EE03AFED6" author="Stephenson" box="[855,1060,332,357]" pageId="3" pageNumber="58" refString="Stephenson, T. A. (1920) On the classification of Actiniaria. I. The Quarterly Journal of Microscopical Science, 64, 425 - 574." type="journal article" year="1920">Stephenson 1920</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="CAF84D618278D750FB969E5EE0D4FED7" box="[1088,1226,332,357]" class="Anthozoa" family="Aiptasiidae" genus="Aiptasioides" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="3" pageNumber="58" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="3F8CEAF08278D750FB969E5EE0D4FED7" box="[1088,1226,332,357]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="58">Aiptasioides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
became a junior synonymy of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="CAF84D618278D750FEE79E62E590FE35" ID-CoL="7NNCT" box="[305,398,368,391]" class="Anthozoa" family="Aiptasiidae" genus="Aiptasia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="3" pageNumber="58" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="3F8CEAF08278D750FEE79E62E590FE35" box="[305,398,368,391]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="58">Aiptasia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="CAF84D618278D750FE129E7DE659FE3A" box="[452,583,367,392]" class="Anthozoa" genus="Aiptasiodes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="3" pageNumber="58" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="3F8CEAF08278D750FE129E7DE659FE3A" box="[452,583,367,392]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="58">Aiptasiodes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is no longer considered a valid genus (Fautin
|
||
<emphasis id="3F8CEAF08278D750FB9A9E63E09AFE3A" box="[1100,1156,367,392]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="58">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2007a).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="0D4736E28278D750FF119E86E101FD1A" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,1761]" pageId="3" pageNumber="58">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="69694B138278D750FF119E86E544FE1E" author="Watzl" box="[199,346,404,429]" pageId="3" pageNumber="58" refString="Watzl, O. (1922) Die Actiniarien der Bahamainseln. Arkiv fur Zoologi, 14, 1 - 89." type="journal article" year="1922">Watzl (1922)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
erected
|
||
<taxonomicName id="CAF84D618278D750FE6A9E86E64CFE1F" box="[444,594,404,429]" class="Anthozoa" family="Aiptasiidae" genus="Carlgreniella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="3" pageNumber="58" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="3F8CEAF08278D750FE6A9E86E64CFE1F" box="[444,594,404,429]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="58">Carlgreniella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="CAF84D618278D750FD529E87E792FE1E" authority="Watzl, 1922" authorityName="Watzl" authorityYear="1922" box="[644,908,404,429]" class="Anthozoa" family="Aiptasiidae" genus="Carlgreniella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="3" pageNumber="58" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="robusta">
|
||
<emphasis id="3F8CEAF08278D750FD529E87E6E6FE1F" box="[644,760,404,429]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="58">C. robusta</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="69694B138278D750FCD49E86E792FE1E" author="Watzl" box="[770,908,404,429]" pageId="3" pageNumber="58" refString="Watzl, O. (1922) Die Actiniarien der Bahamainseln. Arkiv fur Zoologi, 14, 1 - 89." type="journal article" year="1922">Watzl, 1922</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, distinguishing it from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="CAF84D618278D750FB419E86E136FE1F" ID-CoL="7NQGS" box="[1175,1320,404,429]" class="Anthozoa" family="Aiptasiidae" genus="Bartholomea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="3" pageNumber="58" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="3F8CEAF08278D750FB419E86E136FE1F" box="[1175,1320,404,429]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="58">Bartholomea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by the 24 longitudinal rows of papillae in the column and a fairly strong mesogleal marginal sphincter muscle in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="CAF84D618278D750FB299EA5E18BFE62" box="[1279,1429,439,464]" class="Anthozoa" family="Aiptasiidae" genus="Carlgreniella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="3" pageNumber="58" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="3F8CEAF08278D750FB299EA5E18BFE62" box="[1279,1429,439,464]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="58">Carlgreniella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Although
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="69694B138278D750FEDE9ECEE584FE46" author="Watzl" box="[264,410,476,501]" pageId="3" pageNumber="58" refString="Watzl, O. (1922) Die Actiniarien der Bahamainseln. Arkiv fur Zoologi, 14, 1 - 89." type="journal article" year="1922">Watzl (1922)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
illustrated and described in detail the papillae of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="CAF84D618278D750FC1E9ECFE0E1FE46" authority="Carlgren (1949)" authorityName="Carlgren" authorityYear="1949" box="[968,1279,476,501]" class="Anthozoa" family="Aiptasiidae" genus="Carlgreniella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="3" pageNumber="58" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="robusta">
|
||
<emphasis id="3F8CEAF08278D750FC1E9ECFE023FE47" box="[968,1085,476,501]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="58">C. robusta</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="69694B138278D750FB9A9ECEE0E1FE46" author="Carlgren" box="[1100,1279,476,501]" pageId="3" pageNumber="58" refString="Carlgren, O. (1949) A survey of the Ptychodactiaria, Corallimorpharia and Actiniaria. Kungliga Svenska Vetenskaps - Akademiens Handlingar, series 4, 1 (1), 1 - 121." type="journal article" year="1949">Carlgren (1949)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
synonymized this species with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="CAF84D618278D750FE859D13E5CAFDAA" ID-CoL="KSN4" box="[339,468,511,536]" class="Anthozoa" family="Aiptasiidae" genus="Bartholomea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="3" pageNumber="58" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="annulata">
|
||
<emphasis id="3F8CEAF08278D750FE859D13E5CAFDAA" box="[339,468,511,536]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="58">B. annulata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="69694B138278D750FE349EEDE68DFDAA" author="Carlgren" box="[482,659,511,536]" pageId="3" pageNumber="58" refString="Carlgren, O. (1949) A survey of the Ptychodactiaria, Corallimorpharia and Actiniaria. Kungliga Svenska Vetenskaps - Akademiens Handlingar, series 4, 1 (1), 1 - 121." type="journal article" year="1949">Carlgren (1949)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
added the putative presence of papillae in the column (marking it with a question mark) to the diagnosis of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="CAF84D618278D750FDF89D36E6A1FD8F" ID-CoL="7NQGS" box="[558,703,548,573]" class="Anthozoa" family="Aiptasiidae" genus="Bartholomea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="3" pageNumber="58" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="3F8CEAF08278D750FDF89D36E6A1FD8F" box="[558,703,548,573]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="58">Bartholomea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Current data (
|
||
<typeStatus id="D24388408278D750FCB19D36E786FD8E" box="[871,920,548,572]" pageId="3" pageNumber="58">type</typeStatus>
|
||
material is not available, see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="69694B138278D750FB329D36E175FD8E" author="Fautin" box="[1252,1387,548,573]" pageId="3" pageNumber="58" refString="Fautin, D. G. (2013) Hexacorallians of the World. Available from: http: // geoportal. kgs. ku. edu / hexacoral / anemone 2 / index. cfm. (3 June 2013)." type="journal article" year="2013">Fautin 2013</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) are insufficient to determine whether
|
||
<taxonomicName id="CAF84D618278D750FDC59D5AE697FDD2" box="[531,649,583,608]" class="Anthozoa" family="Aiptasiidae" genus="Carlgreniella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="3" pageNumber="58" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="robusta">
|
||
<emphasis id="3F8CEAF08278D750FDC59D5AE697FDD2" box="[531,649,583,608]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="58">C. robusta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
represents a different species from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="CAF84D618278D750FBCA9D5BE081FDD2" ID-CoL="KSN4" box="[1052,1183,583,608]" class="Anthozoa" family="Aiptasiidae" genus="Bartholomea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="3" pageNumber="58" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="annulata">
|
||
<emphasis id="3F8CEAF08278D750FBCA9D5BE081FDD2" box="[1052,1183,583,608]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="58">B. annulata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and if the presence of rows of papillae in the column warrants a genus-level distinction within these taxa. Pending further revision, we consider the synonymy of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="CAF84D618278D750FE6A9D82E62EFD1A" box="[444,560,655,680]" class="Anthozoa" family="Aiptasiidae" genus="Carlgreniella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="3" pageNumber="58" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="robusta">
|
||
<emphasis id="3F8CEAF08278D750FE6A9D82E62EFD1A" box="[444,560,655,680]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="58">C. robusta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="CAF84D618278D750FDB09D83E6F8FD1A" ID-CoL="KSN4" box="[614,742,655,680]" class="Anthozoa" family="Aiptasiidae" genus="Bartholomea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="3" pageNumber="58" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="annulata">
|
||
<emphasis id="3F8CEAF08278D750FDB09D83E6F8FD1A" box="[614,742,655,680]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="58">B. annulata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and the generic status of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="CAF84D618278D750FBD79D9DE089FD1A" box="[1025,1175,655,680]" class="Anthozoa" family="Aiptasiidae" genus="Carlgreniella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="3" pageNumber="58" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="3F8CEAF08278D750FBD79D9DE089FD1A" box="[1025,1175,655,680]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="58">Carlgreniella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
unresolved.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="0D4736E28278D750FF119DA6E130FC7A" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,1761]" pageId="3" pageNumber="58">
|
||
The genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="CAF84D618278D750FE959DA7E69DFD7F" ID-CoL="87HSQ" authority="Parulekar, 1969" authorityName="Parulekar" authorityYear="1969" box="[323,643,692,717]" class="Anthozoa" family="Aiptasiidae" genus="Neoaiptasia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="3" pageNumber="58" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="3F8CEAF08278D750FE959DA7E5D5FD7E" box="[323,459,693,716]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="58">Neoaiptasia</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="69694B138278D750FE049DA6E69DFD7F" author="Parulekar" box="[466,643,692,717]" pageId="3" pageNumber="58" refString="Parulekar, A. (1969) Neoaiptasia commensali, gen. et. sp. nov.: an actiniarian commensal of hermit crabs. Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society, 66, 57 - 62." type="journal article" year="1969">Parulekar, 1969</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
currently includes two species (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="69694B138278D750FC389DA6E062FD7E" author="Fautin" box="[1006,1148,692,717]" pageId="3" pageNumber="58" refString="Fautin, D. G. (2013) Hexacorallians of the World. Available from: http: // geoportal. kgs. ku. edu / hexacoral / anemone 2 / index. cfm. (3 June 2013)." type="journal article" year="2013">Fautin 2013</bibRefCitation>
|
||
):
|
||
<taxonomicName id="CAF84D618278D750FB469DA7E4D1FD42" authority="Parulekar, 1969" authorityName="Parulekar" authorityYear="1969" class="Anthozoa" family="Aiptasiidae" genus="Neoaiptasia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="3" pageNumber="58" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="comensali">
|
||
<emphasis id="3F8CEAF08278D750FB469DA7E13CFD7F" box="[1168,1314,692,717]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="58">N. comensali</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="69694B138278D750FAFD9DA6E4D1FD42" author="Parulekar" pageId="3" pageNumber="58" refString="Parulekar, A. (1969) Neoaiptasia commensali, gen. et. sp. nov.: an actiniarian commensal of hermit crabs. Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society, 66, 57 - 62." type="journal article" year="1969">Parulekar, 1969</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<typeStatus id="D24388408278D750FF379DCAE500FD42" box="[225,286,728,752]" pageId="3" pageNumber="58">types</typeStatus>
|
||
species of the genus) and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="CAF84D618278D750FD8B9DCBE007FD42" ID-CoL="6S78B" authority="Fautin & Goodwill, 2009" authorityName="Fautin & Goodwill" authorityYear="2009" box="[605,1049,727,752]" class="Anthozoa" family="Aiptasiidae" genus="Neoaiptasia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="3" pageNumber="58" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="morbilla">
|
||
<emphasis id="3F8CEAF08278D750FD8B9DCBE6FDFD42" box="[605,739,727,752]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="58">N. morbilla</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="69694B138278D750FD3B9DC5E007FD42" author="Fautin" box="[749,1049,727,752]" pageId="3" pageNumber="58" refString="Fautin, D. G. & Goodwill, R. H. (2009) Neoaiptasia morbilla new species (Cnidaria: Actiniaria), a sea anemone symbiont of sand-dwelling gastropods on Saipan, Mariana Islands, with comments on some other associations. Micronesica, 41 (1), 101 - 115." type="journal article" year="2009">Fautin & Goodwill, 2009</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The original assignment of both species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="CAF84D618278D750FEC59DEFE585FCA6" ID-CoL="87HSQ" box="[275,411,765,788]" class="Anthozoa" family="Aiptasiidae" genus="Neoaiptasia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="3" pageNumber="58" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="3F8CEAF08278D750FEC59DEFE585FCA6" box="[275,411,765,788]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="58">Neoaiptasia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
to the family
|
||
<taxonomicName id="CAF84D618278D750FD959DEEE6DCFCA7" ID-CoL="7NFVJ" box="[579,706,764,789]" class="Anthozoa" family="Aiptasiidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="3" pageNumber="58" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="family">Aiptasiidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
was suspect (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="69694B138278D750FCB39DEEE009FCA7" author="Parulekar" box="[869,1047,764,789]" pageId="3" pageNumber="58" refString="Parulekar, A. (1969) Neoaiptasia commensali, gen. et. sp. nov.: an actiniarian commensal of hermit crabs. Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society, 66, 57 - 62." type="journal article" year="1969">Parulekar 1969</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="69694B138278D750FBF09DEEE156FCA6" author="Fautin" box="[1062,1352,764,789]" pageId="3" pageNumber="58" refString="Fautin, D. G. & Goodwill, R. H. (2009) Neoaiptasia morbilla new species (Cnidaria: Actiniaria), a sea anemone symbiont of sand-dwelling gastropods on Saipan, Mariana Islands, with comments on some other associations. Micronesica, 41 (1), 101 - 115." type="journal article" year="2009">Fautin & Goodwill 2009</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). As in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="CAF84D618278D750FF419C33E5CAFC8A" ID-CoL="87JC3" authority="England, 1992" authorityName="England" authorityYear="1992" box="[151,468,799,824]" class="Anthozoa" family="Aiptasiidae" genus="Paraiptasia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="3" pageNumber="58" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="3F8CEAF08278D750FF419C33E505FC8A" box="[151,283,801,824]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="58">Paraiptasia</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="69694B138278D750FEFA9C0DE5CAFC8A" author="England" box="[300,468,799,824]" pageId="3" pageNumber="58" refString="England, K. W. (1992) Actiniaria (Cnidaria: Anthozoa) from Hong Kong with additional data on similar species from Aden, Bahrain and Singapore. In: Morton, B. (Ed.), The Marine Flora and Fauna of Hong Kong and Southern China III, Hong Kong University Press, Hong Kong, 49 - 95." type="book chapter" year="1992">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="75EF76728278D750FEFA9C0DE592FC8A" box="[300,396,799,824]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="3" pageNumber="58">England</collectingCountry>
|
||
, 1992
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, members of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="CAF84D618278D750FDA69C33E6E9FC8A" ID-CoL="87HSQ" box="[624,759,801,824]" class="Anthozoa" family="Aiptasiidae" genus="Neoaiptasia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="3" pageNumber="58" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="3F8CEAF08278D750FDA69C33E6E9FC8A" box="[624,759,801,824]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="58">Neoaiptasia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
lack cinclides and the cnidom of both described species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="CAF84D618278D750FF419C57E500FCEE" ID-CoL="87HSQ" box="[151,286,837,860]" class="Anthozoa" family="Aiptasiidae" genus="Neoaiptasia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="3" pageNumber="58" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="3F8CEAF08278D750FF419C57E500FCEE" box="[151,286,837,860]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="58">Neoaiptasia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
does not correspond to those of other members of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="CAF84D618278D750FCB09C56E7F8FCEF" ID-CoL="7NFVJ" box="[870,998,836,861]" class="Anthozoa" family="Aiptasiidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="3" pageNumber="58" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="family">Aiptasiidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
(see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="69694B138278D750FBF29C56E0CAFCEF" author="Parulekar" box="[1060,1236,836,861]" pageId="3" pageNumber="58" refString="Parulekar, A. (1969) Neoaiptasia commensali, gen. et. sp. nov.: an actiniarian commensal of hermit crabs. Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society, 66, 57 - 62." type="journal article" year="1969">Parulekar 1969</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 60–61;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="69694B138278D750FAE09C56E558FC32" author="Fautin" pageId="3" pageNumber="58" refString="Fautin, D. G. & Goodwill, R. H. (2009) Neoaiptasia morbilla new species (Cnidaria: Actiniaria), a sea anemone symbiont of sand-dwelling gastropods on Saipan, Mariana Islands, with comments on some other associations. Micronesica, 41 (1), 101 - 115." type="journal article" year="2009">Fautin & Goodwill 2009</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: fig. 5). Furthermore, molecular evidence clearly shows that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="CAF84D618278D750FBD19C7BE095FC32" ID-CoL="6S78B" box="[1031,1163,871,896]" class="Anthozoa" family="Aiptasiidae" genus="Neoaiptasia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="3" pageNumber="58" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="morbilla">
|
||
<emphasis id="3F8CEAF08278D750FBD19C7BE095FC32" box="[1031,1163,871,896]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="58">N. morbilla</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
does not belong within
|
||
<taxonomicName id="CAF84D618278D750FF419C9EE509FC17" ID-CoL="7NFVJ" box="[151,279,908,933]" class="Anthozoa" family="Aiptasiidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="3" pageNumber="58" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="family">Aiptasiidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Rodríguez
|
||
<emphasis id="3F8CEAF08278D750FE729C9FE5C3FC17" box="[420,477,908,933]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="58">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2012, 2014). We do not consider
|
||
<taxonomicName id="CAF84D618278D750FC889C9FE7FBFC16" ID-CoL="87HSQ" box="[862,997,909,932]" class="Anthozoa" family="Aiptasiidae" genus="Neoaiptasia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="3" pageNumber="58" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="3F8CEAF08278D750FC889C9FE7FBFC16" box="[862,997,909,932]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="58">Neoaiptasia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
to belong to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="CAF84D618278D750FBAB9C9EE11EFC17" ID-CoL="7NFVJ" box="[1149,1280,908,933]" class="Anthozoa" family="Aiptasiidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="3" pageNumber="58" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="family">Aiptasiidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
; however, the familial position of this genus remains uncertain until additional data from the
|
||
<typeStatus id="D24388408278D750FBDF9CA2E027FC7A" box="[1033,1081,944,968]" pageId="3" pageNumber="58">type</typeStatus>
|
||
species are available.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="0D4736E28278D750FF119CC6E6A8F9BA" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,1761]" pageId="3" pageNumber="58">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="69694B138278D750FF119CC6E569FC5E" author="England" box="[199,375,980,1005]" pageId="3" pageNumber="58" refString="England, K. W. (1992) Actiniaria (Cnidaria: Anthozoa) from Hong Kong with additional data on similar species from Aden, Bahrain and Singapore. In: Morton, B. (Ed.), The Marine Flora and Fauna of Hong Kong and Southern China III, Hong Kong University Press, Hong Kong, 49 - 95." type="book chapter" year="1992">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="75EF76728278D750FF119CC6E53AFC5F" box="[199,292,980,1005]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="3" pageNumber="58">England</collectingCountry>
|
||
(1992)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
erected the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="CAF84D618278D750FD989CC7E6CDFC5E" ID-CoL="87JC3" box="[590,723,981,1004]" class="Anthozoa" family="Aiptasiidae" genus="Paraiptasia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="3" pageNumber="58" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="3F8CEAF08278D750FD989CC7E6CDFC5E" box="[590,723,981,1004]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="58">Paraiptasia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="CAF84D618278D750FCD29CC7E05EFC5F" ID-CoL="4CX9H" authority="Stimpson, 1856" authorityName="Stimpson" authorityYear="1856" box="[772,1088,980,1005]" class="Anthozoa" family="Aiptasiidae" genus="Paraiptasia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="3" pageNumber="58" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="radiata">
|
||
<emphasis id="3F8CEAF08278D750FCD29CC7E76AFC5F" box="[772,884,980,1005]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="58">P. radiata</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="69694B138278D750FC529CC6E026FC5F" author="Stimpson" box="[900,1080,980,1005]" pageId="3" pageNumber="58" refString="Stimpson, W. M. (1856) Descriptions of some of the new marine invertebrata from the Chinese and Japanese seas. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 7, 375 - 384. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 51444" type="journal article" year="1856">Stimpson, 1856</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and modified the diagnosis of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="CAF84D618278D750FF419CE5E509FBA2" ID-CoL="7NFVJ" box="[151,279,1015,1040]" class="Anthozoa" family="Aiptasiidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="3" pageNumber="58" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="family">Aiptasiidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
to accommodate it within the family (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="69694B138278D750FD399CE5E789FBA2" author="England" box="[751,919,1015,1040]" pageId="3" pageNumber="58" refString="England, K. W. (1992) Actiniaria (Cnidaria: Anthozoa) from Hong Kong with additional data on similar species from Aden, Bahrain and Singapore. In: Morton, B. (Ed.), The Marine Flora and Fauna of Hong Kong and Southern China III, Hong Kong University Press, Hong Kong, 49 - 95." type="book chapter" year="1992">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="75EF76728278D750FD399CE5E750FBA2" box="[751,846,1015,1040]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="3" pageNumber="58">England</collectingCountry>
|
||
1992
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="CAF84D618278D750FC679CEBE028FBA2" ID-CoL="87JC3" box="[945,1078,1017,1040]" class="Anthozoa" family="Aiptasiidae" genus="Paraiptasia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="3" pageNumber="58" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="3F8CEAF08278D750FC679CEBE028FBA2" box="[945,1078,1017,1040]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="58">Paraiptasia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has catch tentacles and lacks cinclides (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="69694B138278D750FEC69B0EE5A6FB86" author="England" box="[272,440,1052,1077]" pageId="3" pageNumber="58" refString="England, K. W. (1992) Actiniaria (Cnidaria: Anthozoa) from Hong Kong with additional data on similar species from Aden, Bahrain and Singapore. In: Morton, B. (Ed.), The Marine Flora and Fauna of Hong Kong and Southern China III, Hong Kong University Press, Hong Kong, 49 - 95." type="book chapter" year="1992">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="75EF76728278D750FEC69B0EE571FB87" box="[272,367,1052,1077]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="3" pageNumber="58">England</collectingCountry>
|
||
1992
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
); these features are not common to the rest of the genera within
|
||
<taxonomicName id="CAF84D618278D750FB0A9B0EE17EFB87" ID-CoL="7NFVJ" box="[1244,1376,1052,1077]" class="Anthozoa" family="Aiptasiidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="3" pageNumber="58" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="family">Aiptasiidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The distribution and size ranges of cnidae among tissues within members of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="CAF84D618278D750FC379B2DE07FFBEA" ID-CoL="7NFVJ" box="[993,1121,1087,1112]" class="Anthozoa" family="Aiptasiidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="3" pageNumber="58" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="family">Aiptasiidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
are relatively uniform (see Tables 1–7). However, the cnidom, cnidae distribution and sizes of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="CAF84D618278D750FC4F9B77E003FBCE" ID-CoL="87JC3" box="[921,1053,1125,1148]" class="Anthozoa" family="Aiptasiidae" genus="Paraiptasia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="3" pageNumber="58" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="3F8CEAF08278D750FC4F9B77E003FBCE" box="[921,1053,1125,1148]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="58">Paraiptasia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are quite different from the other genera within the family (see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="69694B138278D750FDD69B95E6B8FB12" author="England" box="[512,678,1159,1184]" pageId="3" pageNumber="58" refString="England, K. W. (1992) Actiniaria (Cnidaria: Anthozoa) from Hong Kong with additional data on similar species from Aden, Bahrain and Singapore. In: Morton, B. (Ed.), The Marine Flora and Fauna of Hong Kong and Southern China III, Hong Kong University Press, Hong Kong, 49 - 95." type="book chapter" year="1992">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="75EF76728278D750FDD69B95E643FB12" box="[512,605,1159,1184]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="3" pageNumber="58">England</collectingCountry>
|
||
1992
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: fig. 18 and table 11). For example,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="CAF84D618278D750FBB09B9BE0F4FB12" ID-CoL="87JC3" box="[1126,1258,1161,1184]" class="Anthozoa" family="Aiptasiidae" genus="Paraiptasia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="3" pageNumber="58" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="3F8CEAF08278D750FBB09B9BE0F4FB12" box="[1126,1258,1161,1184]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="58">Paraiptasia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
does not have microbasic
|
||
<emphasis id="3F8CEAF08278D750FECC9BBEE536FB77" box="[282,296,1196,1221]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="58">b</emphasis>
|
||
-mastigophores in the column or the smaller microbasic
|
||
<emphasis id="3F8CEAF08278D750FC7F9BBFE7A9FB76" box="[937,951,1197,1220]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="58">p</emphasis>
|
||
-amastigophores (1) in the acontia, and the large microbasic
|
||
<emphasis id="3F8CEAF08278D750FE899BC3E573FB5A" box="[351,365,1233,1256]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="58">p</emphasis>
|
||
-amastigophores (2) in the acontia are considerably shorter than those of the other aiptasiid genera with non-overlapping length ranges (to ~20–36 Μm
|
||
<emphasis id="3F8CEAF08278D750FCE39BE7E74DFABE" box="[821,851,1269,1292]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="58">vs.</emphasis>
|
||
41–80 Μm). Furthermore, according to the size and shape of the capsule
|
||
<taxonomicName id="CAF84D618278D750FE5A9A0BE60EFA82" ID-CoL="87JC3" box="[396,528,1305,1328]" class="Anthozoa" family="Aiptasiidae" genus="Paraiptasia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="3" pageNumber="58" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="3F8CEAF08278D750FE5A9A0BE60EFA82" box="[396,528,1305,1328]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="58">Paraiptasia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has
|
||
<emphasis id="3F8CEAF08278D750FD9F9A0BE649FA82" box="[585,599,1305,1328]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="58">p</emphasis>
|
||
-rhabdoid B1a (specific category of microbasic
|
||
<emphasis id="3F8CEAF08278D750FB569A0BE090FA82" box="[1152,1166,1305,1328]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="58">p</emphasis>
|
||
-amastigophores) in the filaments (see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="69694B138278D750FEEB9A2EE5C1FAE6" author="England" box="[317,479,1340,1365]" pageId="3" pageNumber="58" refString="England, K. W. (1992) Actiniaria (Cnidaria: Anthozoa) from Hong Kong with additional data on similar species from Aden, Bahrain and Singapore. In: Morton, B. (Ed.), The Marine Flora and Fauna of Hong Kong and Southern China III, Hong Kong University Press, Hong Kong, 49 - 95." type="book chapter" year="1992">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="75EF76728278D750FEEB9A2EE584FAE7" box="[317,410,1340,1365]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="3" pageNumber="58">England</collectingCountry>
|
||
1992
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: fig. 18), although it is not possible to identify the
|
||
<typeStatus id="D24388408278D750FBF39A2FE04BFAE7" box="[1061,1109,1341,1365]" pageId="3" pageNumber="58">type</typeStatus>
|
||
with total confidence due to poor image quality; this category of nematocyst is not present in any other member of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="CAF84D618278D750FB4E9A4DE109FACA" ID-CoL="7NFVJ" box="[1176,1303,1375,1400]" class="Anthozoa" family="Aiptasiidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="3" pageNumber="58" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="family">Aiptasiidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Reft pers. com.). Additionally,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="69694B138278D750FE5B9A96E65CFA2E" author="England" box="[397,578,1412,1437]" pageId="3" pageNumber="58" refString="England, K. W. (1992) Actiniaria (Cnidaria: Anthozoa) from Hong Kong with additional data on similar species from Aden, Bahrain and Singapore. In: Morton, B. (Ed.), The Marine Flora and Fauna of Hong Kong and Southern China III, Hong Kong University Press, Hong Kong, 49 - 95." type="book chapter" year="1992">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="75EF76728278D750FE5B9A96E5F4FA2F" box="[397,490,1412,1437]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="3" pageNumber="58">England</collectingCountry>
|
||
(1992)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
does not mention the longitudinal muscles in the distal column in his redescription of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="CAF84D618278D750FE809ABBE5D7FA72" ID-CoL="4CX9H" box="[342,457,1447,1472]" class="Anthozoa" family="Aiptasiidae" genus="Paraiptasia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="3" pageNumber="58" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="radiata">
|
||
<emphasis id="3F8CEAF08278D750FE809ABBE5D7FA72" box="[342,457,1447,1472]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="58">P. radiata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, a distinctive character for the family.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="CAF84D618278D750FC409ABBE004FA72" ID-CoL="87JC3" box="[918,1050,1449,1472]" class="Anthozoa" family="Aiptasiidae" genus="Paraiptasia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="3" pageNumber="58" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="3F8CEAF08278D750FC409ABBE004FA72" box="[918,1050,1449,1472]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="58">Paraiptasia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
seems unlikely to belong within
|
||
<taxonomicName id="CAF84D618278D750FF419ADEE509FA57" ID-CoL="7NFVJ" box="[151,279,1484,1509]" class="Anthozoa" family="Aiptasiidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="3" pageNumber="58" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="family">Aiptasiidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
and thus we do not consider it within the family. The appropriate placement of this genus among other families remains uncertain until further revision.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="0D4736E28278D750FF119906E608F952" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,1761]" pageId="3" pageNumber="58">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="CAF84D618278D750FF119906E523F99F" box="[199,317,1556,1581]" class="Anthozoa" family="Aiptasiidae" genus="Paranthea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="3" pageNumber="58" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="3F8CEAF08278D750FF119906E523F99F" box="[199,317,1556,1581]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="58">Paranthea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
originally included three species (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="69694B138278D750FD0E9906E775F99E" author="Fautin" box="[728,875,1556,1581]" pageId="3" pageNumber="58" refString="Fautin, D. G. (2013) Hexacorallians of the World. Available from: http: // geoportal. kgs. ku. edu / hexacoral / anemone 2 / index. cfm. (3 June 2013)." type="journal article" year="2013">Fautin 2013</bibRefCitation>
|
||
); however, currently it only includes
|
||
<emphasis id="3F8CEAF08278D750FAFC9907E187F99E" box="[1322,1433,1557,1580]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="58">P. a r m a t a</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="69694B138278D750FF419925E536F9E2" author="Verrill" box="[151,296,1591,1616]" pageId="3" pageNumber="58" refString="Verrill, A. E. (1868) Synopsis of the polyps and corals of the North Pacific Exploring Expedition, under Commodore C. Ringgold and Capt. John Rodgers, U. S. N., from 1853 to 1856. Collected by Dr. Wm. Stimpson, Naturalist to the Expedition. Part. IV. Actiniaria (First part). Communications of the Essex Institute, 5, 315 - 330. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1086 / 270634" type="journal article" year="1868">Verrill, 1868</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; the other two species have been synonymized as species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="CAF84D618278D750FC01992AE02AF9FD" ID-CoL="7NNCT" box="[983,1076,1592,1615]" class="Anthozoa" family="Aiptasiidae" genus="Aiptasia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="3" pageNumber="58" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="3F8CEAF08278D750FC01992AE02AF9FD" box="[983,1076,1592,1615]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="58">Aiptasia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(see below). The description of
|
||
<emphasis id="3F8CEAF08278D750FF41994FE51CF9C6" box="[151,258,1629,1652]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="58">P. a r m a t a</emphasis>
|
||
is incomplete by modern standards and the
|
||
<typeStatus id="D24388408278D750FCD7994FE72FF9C7" box="[769,817,1629,1653]" pageId="3" pageNumber="58">type</typeStatus>
|
||
material of the species is not available (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="69694B138278D750FAD4994EE18FF9C6" author="Fautin" box="[1282,1425,1628,1653]" pageId="3" pageNumber="58" refString="Fautin, D. G. (2013) Hexacorallians of the World. Available from: http: // geoportal. kgs. ku. edu / hexacoral / anemone 2 / index. cfm. (3 June 2013)." type="journal article" year="2013">Fautin 2013</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Based on existing data (only color of the specimen and the approximately length and number of tentacles are provided: see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="69694B138278D750FEE299B6E5A0F90F" author="Verrill" box="[308,446,1700,1725]" pageId="3" pageNumber="58" refString="Verrill, A. E. (1868) Synopsis of the polyps and corals of the North Pacific Exploring Expedition, under Commodore C. Ringgold and Capt. John Rodgers, U. S. N., from 1853 to 1856. Collected by Dr. Wm. Stimpson, Naturalist to the Expedition. Part. IV. Actiniaria (First part). Communications of the Essex Institute, 5, 315 - 330. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1086 / 270634" type="journal article" year="1868">Verrill 1868</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), it is not possible to determine the identity of
|
||
<emphasis id="3F8CEAF08278D750FC1E99B7E02CF90E" box="[968,1074,1701,1724]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="58">P. ar m at a</emphasis>
|
||
and thus the familial placement of the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="CAF84D618278D750FEF199D5E583F952" box="[295,413,1735,1760]" class="Anthozoa" family="Aiptasiidae" genus="Paranthea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="3" pageNumber="58" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="3F8CEAF08278D750FEF199D5E583F952" box="[295,413,1735,1760]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="58">Paranthea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is unclear.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |