treatments-xml/data/85/51/87/855187F48275D740FF419E83E5F6F9C6.xml

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<mods:title id="F24237152601664611E083DB43BF23F4">Morphological revision of the genus Aiptasia and the family Aiptasiidae (Cnidaria, Actiniaria, Metridioidea)</mods:title>
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<treatment id="855187F48275D740FF419E83E5F6F9C6" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6140431" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119509026" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6140431" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:855187F48275D740FF419E83E5F6F9C6" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/855187F48275D740FF419E83E5F6F9C6" lastPageId="19" lastPageNumber="74" pageId="14" pageNumber="69">
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<paragraph id="0D4736E28275D75DFF419E83E725FE19" blockId="14.[151,827,401,461]" box="[151,827,401,427]" pageId="14" pageNumber="69">
<heading id="560F818E8275D75DFF419E83E725FE19" bold="true" box="[151,827,401,427]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="14" pageNumber="69" reason="1">
<emphasis id="3F8CEAF08275D75DFF419E83E725FE19" bold="true" box="[151,827,401,427]" pageId="14" pageNumber="69">
<taxonomicName id="CAF84D618275D75DFF419E83E56FFE19" ID-CoL="3DJK7" box="[151,369,401,427]" class="Anthozoa" family="Aiptasiidae" genus="Exaiptasia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="14" pageNumber="69" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="pallida">
<emphasis id="3F8CEAF08275D75DFF419E83E56FFE19" bold="true" box="[151,369,401,427]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="69">Exaiptasia pallida</emphasis>
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(Agassiz in Verrill, 1864) comb. nov.
</emphasis>
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<paragraph id="0D4736E28275D75DFF419EA6E59EFE7F" blockId="14.[151,827,401,461]" box="[151,384,436,461]" pageId="14" pageNumber="69">
(
<figureCitation id="95C32A678275D75DFF499EA6E507FE7F" box="[159,281,436,461]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 8" captionStart-1="FIGURE 9" captionStart-2="FIGURE 10" captionStartId-0="15.[151,250,1951,1973]" captionStartId-1="16.[151,250,1812,1834]" captionStartId-2="17.[151,250,1723,1745]" captionTargetBox-0="[219,1368,193,1927]" captionTargetBox-1="[266,1314,193,1775]" captionTargetBox-2="[190,1398,205,1693]" captionTargetId-0="figure@15.[219,1368,193,1930]" captionTargetId-1="figure@16.[266,1314,193,1776]" captionTargetId-2="figure@17.[188,1398,193,1702]" captionTargetPageId-0="15" captionTargetPageId-1="16" captionTargetPageId-2="17" captionText-0="FIGURE 8. External anatomy of Exaiptasia pallida comb. nov. A) Oral view of living specimen. B) Lateral view of living specimen. C) Lateral view of preserved specimen; notice cinclides and acontia (arrows). Scale bars: A – C, 10 mm." captionText-1="FIGURE 9. Internal anatomy of Exaiptasia pallida comb. nov. A) Cross section of the column at the level of the actinopharynx showing the cycles of mesenteries (indicated by roman numerals between pairs). B) Detail of fourth cycle of mesenteries (arrows). C) Cross section through a tentacle showing the ectodermal longitudinal musculature; notice zooxanthellae in gastrodermis. D) Cross section through distal column showing strong ectodermal longitudinal musculature. E) Detail of weak parietobasilar muscles. F) Detail of a longitudinal section of the proximal end showing the basilar muscles (arrows). G) Longitudinal section of the distal column showing reticulate mesogleal marginal sphincter muscle. Abbreviations: ep, epidermis; ga, gastrodermis; me, mesoglea; s, siphonoglyph. Scale bars: A – G, 0.1 mm." captionText-2="FIGURE 10. Cnidae of Exaiptasia pallida comb. nov. A, C, F, I, K, L, N, O) Microbasic p - amastigophores. B, D, G, J, M, P) Basitrichs. E) Microbasic b - mastigophore. H) Spirocyst." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/250369/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/250370/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/250371/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="69">Figs. 8–10</figureCitation>
, Table 3)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="45E265698275D75DFF419EEFE643FA78" pageId="14" pageNumber="69" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="0D4736E28275D75DFF419EEFE5DEFDA0" blockId="14.[151,904,508,1484]" box="[151,448,508,530]" pageId="14" pageNumber="69">
<taxonomicName id="CAF84D618275D75DFF419EEFE5DEFDA0" authority="Rapp, 1829" authorityName="Rapp" authorityYear="1829" box="[151,448,508,530]" class="Anthozoa" family="Actiniidae" genus="Actinia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="14" pageNumber="69" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="diaphana">
<emphasis id="3F8CEAF08275D75DFF419EEFE558FDA0" box="[151,326,508,530]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="69">Actinia diaphana</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="69694B138275D75DFE9A9EEFE5DEFDA0" author="Rapp" box="[332,448,508,530]" pageId="14" pageNumber="69" refString="Rapp, W. (1829) Uber die Polypen im Allgemeinen und die Actinien. Grolsherzogl. Sdch, Weimar, 62 pp. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 14424" type="book" year="1829">Rapp, 1829</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0D4736E28275D75DFF419D09E61AFDFD" blockId="14.[151,904,508,1484]" pageId="14" pageNumber="69">
<taxonomicName id="CAF84D618275D75DFF419D09E6B1FD83" authority="Deshayes &amp; Milne Edwards 1840" authorityName="Deshayes &amp; Milne Edwards" authorityYear="1840" box="[151,687,539,561]" class="Anthozoa" family="Actiniidae" genus="Cribina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="14" pageNumber="69" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="diaphana">
<emphasis id="3F8CEAF08275D75DFF419D09E552FD83" box="[151,332,539,561]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="69">Cribina diaphana</emphasis>
: 
<bibRefCitation id="69694B138275D75DFE8F9D09E6B1FD83" author="Deshayes" box="[345,687,539,561]" pageId="14" pageNumber="69" refString="Deshayes, G. P. &amp; Milne Edwards, H. (1840) Revue et augmentee de notes presentant les faits nouveaux dont la science s'est enrichie jusqu'a ce jour. In: Histoire Naturelle des Animaux sans Vertebres, Presentant les caracteres generaux et particuliers de ces animaux, leur distribution, leurs classes, leurs familles, leurs genres, et la citation des principales especes qui s'y rapportent. J. B. Bailliere, Paris, 770 pp. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 40014" type="book" year="1840">Deshayes &amp; Milne Edwards 1840</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="CAF84D618275D75DFF419D28E61AFDFD" authority="Delle Chiaje, 1841" authorityName="Delle Chiaje" authorityYear="1841" box="[151,516,569,591]" class="Anthozoa" family="Actiniidae" genus="Actinia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="14" pageNumber="69" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="elongata">
<emphasis id="3F8CEAF08275D75DFF419D28E521FDFD" box="[151,319,569,591]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="69">Actinia elongata</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="69694B138275D75DFE939D2BE61AFDFD" author="Delle" box="[325,516,569,591]" pageId="14" pageNumber="69" refString="Delle Chiaje, S. (1841) Descrizione e notomia degli animali invertebrati della Sicilia Citeriore osservati vivi negli anni 1822 - 1830. 5. C. Batelli e Comp., Napoli. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 10031" type="book chapter" year="1841">Delle Chiaje, 1841</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0D4736E28275D75DFF419D4AE62DFD3E" blockId="14.[151,904,508,1484]" pageId="14" pageNumber="69">
<taxonomicName id="CAF84D618275D75DFF419D4AE627FDDC" authority="Milne Edwards 1857" authorityName="Milne Edwards" authorityYear="1857" box="[151,569,600,622]" class="Anthozoa" family="Hormathiidae" genus="Adamsia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="14" pageNumber="69" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="diaphana">
<emphasis id="3F8CEAF08275D75DFF419D4AE540FDDC" box="[151,350,600,622]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="69">Adamsia diaphana:</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="69694B138275D75DFEB29D4AE627FDDC" author="Milne" box="[356,569,600,622]" pageId="14" pageNumber="69" refString="Milne Edwards, H. (1857) Historie Naturelle des Coralliaires ou Polypes Proprement Dits, vol 1. Librairie Encyclopedique de Roret, Paris, 326 pp. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 11396" type="book" year="1857">Milne Edwards 1857</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="CAF84D618275D75DFF419D6AE58CFD3E" authority="Agassiz" authorityName="Agassiz" box="[151,402,630,653]" class="Anthozoa" family="Aiptasiidae" genus="Dysactis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="14" pageNumber="69" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="pallida">
<emphasis id="3F8CEAF08275D75DFF419D6AE522FD3E" box="[151,316,630,653]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="69">Dysactis pallida</emphasis>
Agassiz
</taxonomicName>
in Verrill, 1864
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0D4736E28275D75DFF419D87E614FC94" blockId="14.[151,904,508,1484]" pageId="14" pageNumber="69">
<taxonomicName id="CAF84D618275D75DFF419D87E577FD19" ID-CoL="80063da4-4566-4cdf-b091-933668587ef2" box="[151,361,661,683]" class="Anthozoa" family="Aiptasiidae" genus="Bartholomea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="14" pageNumber="69" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="tagetes">
<emphasis id="3F8CEAF08275D75DFF419D87E577FD19" box="[151,361,661,683]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="69">Bartholomea tagetes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
[
<emphasis id="3F8CEAF08275D75DFEAE9D84E58AFD19" box="[376,404,662,683]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="69">sic</emphasis>
] Duchassaing de Fombressin &amp; Michelotti, 1864 
<taxonomicName id="CAF84D618275D75DFF419DA6E54BFD78" ID-CoL="cade6938-94c1-4f65-a80e-ef83b469957e" box="[151,341,692,714]" class="Anthozoa" family="Aiptasiidae" genus="Bartholomea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="14" pageNumber="69" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="inula">
<emphasis id="3F8CEAF08275D75DFF419DA6E54BFD78" box="[151,341,692,714]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="69">Bartholomea inula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
[
<emphasis id="3F8CEAF08275D75DFEB29DA7E59EFD78" box="[356,384,693,714]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="69">sic</emphasis>
] Duchassaing de Fombressin &amp; Michelotti, 1864 
<taxonomicName id="CAF84D618275D75DFF419DC6E5D4FD5B" authority="Duchassaing" authorityName="Duchassaing" box="[151,458,723,745]" class="Anthozoa" family="Aiptasiidae" genus="Dysactis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="14" pageNumber="69" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="mimosa">
<emphasis id="3F8CEAF08275D75DFF419DC6E55DFD5B" box="[151,323,724,745]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="69">Dysactis mimosa</emphasis>
Duchassaing
</taxonomicName>
de Fombressin &amp; Michelotti, 1864 
<taxonomicName id="CAF84D618275D75DFF419DE3E5FBFCB5" ID-CoL="cade6938-94c1-4f65-a80e-ef83b469957e" authority="Duchassaing" authorityName="Duchassaing" box="[151,485,753,775]" class="Anthozoa" family="Aiptasiidae" genus="Bartholomea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="14" pageNumber="69" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="inula">
<emphasis id="3F8CEAF08275D75DFF419DE3E540FCB5" box="[151,350,753,775]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="69">Bartholomea inula:</emphasis>
Duchassaing
</taxonomicName>
de Fombressin &amp; Michelotti, 1866 
<taxonomicName id="CAF84D618275D75DFF419C03E614FC94" authority="Verrill, 1867" authorityName="Verrill" authorityYear="1867" box="[151,522,784,806]" class="Anthozoa" family="Aiptasiidae" genus="Dysactis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="14" pageNumber="69" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="minuta">
<emphasis id="3F8CEAF08275D75DFF419C03E524FC94" box="[151,314,785,806]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="69">Dysactis minuta</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="69694B138275D75DFE979C02E5DFFC94" author="Verrill" box="[321,449,784,806]" pageId="14" pageNumber="69" refString="Verrill, A. E. (1867) Madreporaria. Communications of the Essex Institute, 5, 33 - 50." type="journal article" year="1867">Verrill, 1867</bibRefCitation>
(1866)
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0D4736E28275D75DFF419C3CE5C9FCF6" blockId="14.[151,904,508,1484]" box="[151,471,814,837]" pageId="14" pageNumber="69">
<taxonomicName id="CAF84D618275D75DFF419C3CE5C9FCF6" authority="Verrill 1868" authorityName="Verrill" authorityYear="1868" box="[151,471,814,837]" class="Anthozoa" family="Aiptasiidae" genus="Paranthea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="14" pageNumber="69" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="minuta">
<emphasis id="3F8CEAF08275D75DFF419C3CE549FCF7" box="[151,343,814,837]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="69">Paranthea minuta:</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="69694B138275D75DFE8B9C3CE5C9FCF6" author="Verrill" box="[349,471,814,836]" pageId="14" pageNumber="69" refString="Verrill, A. E. (1868) Synopsis of the polyps and corals of the North Pacific Exploring Expedition, under Commodore C. Ringgold and Capt. John Rodgers, U. S. N., from 1853 to 1856. Collected by Dr. Wm. Stimpson, Naturalist to the Expedition. Part. IV. Actiniaria (First part). Communications of the Essex Institute, 5, 315 - 330. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1086 / 270634" type="journal article" year="1868">Verrill 1868</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0D4736E28275D75DFF419C5FE5C6FCD1" blockId="14.[151,904,508,1484]" box="[151,472,845,867]" pageId="14" pageNumber="69">
<taxonomicName id="CAF84D618275D75DFF419C5FE5C6FCD1" authority="Verrill 1868" authorityName="Verrill" authorityYear="1868" box="[151,472,845,867]" class="Anthozoa" family="Aiptasiidae" genus="Paranthea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="14" pageNumber="69" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="pallida">
<emphasis id="3F8CEAF08275D75DFF419C5FE547FCD1" box="[151,345,845,867]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="69">Paranthea pallida:</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="69694B138275D75DFE889C5FE5C6FCD1" author="Verrill" box="[350,472,845,867]" pageId="14" pageNumber="69" refString="Verrill, A. E. (1868) Synopsis of the polyps and corals of the North Pacific Exploring Expedition, under Commodore C. Ringgold and Capt. John Rodgers, U. S. N., from 1853 to 1856. Collected by Dr. Wm. Stimpson, Naturalist to the Expedition. Part. IV. Actiniaria (First part). Communications of the Essex Institute, 5, 315 - 330. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1086 / 270634" type="journal article" year="1868">Verrill 1868</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0D4736E28275D75DFF419C7FE5CBFC13" blockId="14.[151,904,508,1484]" pageId="14" pageNumber="69">
<emphasis id="3F8CEAF08275D75DFF419C7FE521FC30" box="[151,319,877,898]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="69">
<taxonomicName id="CAF84D618275D75DFF419C7FE4F4FC30" box="[151,234,877,898]" class="Ostracoda" family="Incertae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myodocopida" pageId="14" pageNumber="69" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Disactis</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="CAF84D618275D75DFF269C7FE521FC30" box="[240,319,877,898]" class="Anthozoa" family="Aiptasiidae" genus="Dysactis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="14" pageNumber="69" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="mimosa">mimosa</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
[
<emphasis id="3F8CEAF08275D75DFE9B9C7FE577FC30" box="[333,361,877,898]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="69">sic</emphasis>
]: Duchassaing 1870 
<taxonomicName id="CAF84D618275D75DFF419C99E5CBFC13" ID-CoL="ec1afa6f-cf47-4ea7-ada0-851d448b205d" authority="Andres, 1881" authorityName="Andres" authorityYear="1881" box="[151,469,907,929]" class="Anthozoa" family="Aiptasiidae" genus="Aiptasia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="14" pageNumber="69" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="saxicola">
<emphasis id="3F8CEAF08275D75DFF419C99E558FC13" box="[151,326,907,929]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="69">Aiptasia saxicola</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="69694B138275D75DFE9A9C99E5CBFC13" author="Andres" box="[332,469,907,929]" pageId="14" pageNumber="69" refString="Andres, A. (1881) Prodromus neapolitanae actiniarum faunae addito generalis actiniarium bibliographiae catalogo. Mitteilungen aus der Zoologischen Station zu Neapel, 2, 305 - 309." type="journal article" year="1881">Andres, 1881</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0D4736E28275D75DFF419CB8E634FC0D" blockId="14.[151,904,508,1484]" box="[151,554,937,959]" pageId="14" pageNumber="69">
<taxonomicName id="CAF84D618275D75DFF419CB8E634FC0D" ID-CoL="666RD" authority="Andres 1883" authorityName="Andres" authorityYear="1883" box="[151,554,937,959]" class="Anthozoa" family="Aiptasiidae" genus="Aiptasia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="14" pageNumber="69" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="diaphana">
<emphasis id="3F8CEAF08275D75DFF419CB8E54FFC0D" box="[151,337,937,959]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="69">Aiptasia diaphana</emphasis>
: 
<bibRefCitation id="69694B138275D75DFE889CBBE5FEFC0D" author="Andres" box="[350,480,937,959]" pageId="14" pageNumber="69" refString="Andres, A. (1883) Le Attinie (Monografia). Bibliografia, introduzione e specigrafia. Coi Tipi der Salviucci, Roma, 460 pp. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 35877" type="book" year="1883">Andres 1883</bibRefCitation>
(
<bibRefCitation id="69694B138275D75DFE389CBBE63DFC0D" author="Andres" box="[494,547,937,959]" pageId="14" pageNumber="69" refString="Andres, A. (1884) Le Attinie (Monografia). Verlag von Wilhelm Engelmann, Leipzig, 459 pp." type="book" year="1884">1884</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0D4736E28275D75DFF419CDBE61EFC4E" blockId="14.[151,904,508,1484]" pageId="14" pageNumber="69">
<taxonomicName id="CAF84D618275D75DFF419CDBE4F2FC6C" ID-CoL="7NNCT" box="[151,236,969,990]" class="Anthozoa" family="Aiptasiidae" genus="Aiptasia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="14" pageNumber="69" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="3F8CEAF08275D75DFF419CDBE4F2FC6C" box="[151,236,969,990]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="69">Aiptasia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
[
<emphasis id="3F8CEAF08275D75DFF2C9CDBE508FC6C" box="[250,278,969,990]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="69">sic</emphasis>
] 
<emphasis id="3F8CEAF08275D75DFEF39CDBE597FC6C" box="[293,393,969,990]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="69">Agassizii:</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="69694B138275D75DFE599CDAE60FFC6C" author="Andres" box="[399,529,968,990]" pageId="14" pageNumber="69" refString="Andres, A. (1883) Le Attinie (Monografia). Bibliografia, introduzione e specigrafia. Coi Tipi der Salviucci, Roma, 460 pp. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 35877" type="book" year="1883">Andres 1883</bibRefCitation>
(
<bibRefCitation id="69694B138275D75DFDC99CDAE64AFC6C" author="Andres" box="[543,596,968,990]" pageId="14" pageNumber="69" refString="Andres, A. (1884) Le Attinie (Monografia). Verlag von Wilhelm Engelmann, Leipzig, 459 pp." type="book" year="1884">1884</bibRefCitation>
) 
<taxonomicName id="CAF84D618275D75DFF419CF5E61EFC4E" ID-CoL="7753c961-8932-41ff-8bc1-4ce638bd05c9" authority="Andres 1883" authorityName="Andres" authorityYear="1883" box="[151,512,998,1020]" class="Anthozoa" family="Aiptasiidae" genus="Aiptasia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="14" pageNumber="69" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="inula">
<emphasis id="3F8CEAF08275D75DFF419CF5E530FC4E" box="[151,302,998,1020]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="69">Aiptasia inula:</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="69694B138275D75DFEE29CF4E5A9FC4E" author="Andres" box="[308,439,998,1020]" pageId="14" pageNumber="69" refString="Andres, A. (1883) Le Attinie (Monografia). Bibliografia, introduzione e specigrafia. Coi Tipi der Salviucci, Roma, 460 pp. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 35877" type="book" year="1883">Andres 1883</bibRefCitation>
(
<bibRefCitation id="69694B138275D75DFE129CF4E5E7FC4E" author="Andres" box="[452,505,998,1020]" pageId="14" pageNumber="69" refString="Andres, A. (1884) Le Attinie (Monografia). Verlag von Wilhelm Engelmann, Leipzig, 459 pp." type="book" year="1884">1884</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0D4736E28275D75DFF419B14E60CFBA9" blockId="14.[151,904,508,1484]" box="[151,530,1029,1051]" pageId="14" pageNumber="69">
<taxonomicName id="CAF84D618275D75DFF419B14E60CFBA9" ID-CoL="c54de14e-e0f1-4645-ab73-c7191fc1f6aa" authority="Andres 1883" authorityName="Andres" authorityYear="1883" box="[151,530,1029,1051]" class="Anthozoa" family="Aiptasiidae" genus="Aiptasia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="14" pageNumber="69" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="minuta">
<emphasis id="3F8CEAF08275D75DFF419B14E55EFBA9" box="[151,320,1030,1051]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="69">Aiptasia minuta:</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="69694B138275D75DFE919B17E5D7FBA9" author="Andres" box="[327,457,1029,1051]" pageId="14" pageNumber="69" refString="Andres, A. (1883) Le Attinie (Monografia). Bibliografia, introduzione e specigrafia. Coi Tipi der Salviucci, Roma, 460 pp. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 35877" type="book" year="1883">Andres 1883</bibRefCitation>
(
<bibRefCitation id="69694B138275D75DFE009B17E614FBA9" author="Andres" box="[470,522,1029,1051]" pageId="14" pageNumber="69" refString="Andres, A. (1884) Le Attinie (Monografia). Verlag von Wilhelm Engelmann, Leipzig, 459 pp." type="book" year="1884">1884</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0D4736E28275D75DFF419B37E605FB88" blockId="14.[151,904,508,1484]" box="[151,539,1060,1082]" pageId="14" pageNumber="69">
<taxonomicName id="CAF84D618275D75DFF419B37E605FB88" ID-CoL="62ffd45f-d21d-4e11-b083-441f0de44e00" authority="Andres 1883" authorityName="Andres" authorityYear="1883" box="[151,539,1060,1082]" class="Anthozoa" family="Aiptasiidae" genus="Aiptasia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="14" pageNumber="69" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="mimosa">
<emphasis id="3F8CEAF08275D75DFF419B37E557FB88" box="[151,329,1061,1082]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="69">Aiptasia mimosa:</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="69694B138275D75DFE999B36E5CFFB88" author="Andres" box="[335,465,1060,1082]" pageId="14" pageNumber="69" refString="Andres, A. (1883) Le Attinie (Monografia). Bibliografia, introduzione e specigrafia. Coi Tipi der Salviucci, Roma, 460 pp. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 35877" type="book" year="1883">Andres 1883</bibRefCitation>
(
<bibRefCitation id="69694B138275D75DFE099B36E60AFB88" author="Andres" box="[479,532,1060,1082]" pageId="14" pageNumber="69" refString="Andres, A. (1884) Le Attinie (Monografia). Verlag von Wilhelm Engelmann, Leipzig, 459 pp." type="book" year="1884">1884</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0D4736E28275D75DFF419B51E60AFBEB" blockId="14.[151,904,508,1484]" box="[151,532,1091,1113]" pageId="14" pageNumber="69">
<taxonomicName id="CAF84D618275D75DFF419B51E60AFBEB" ID-CoL="1815cb2e-bbe8-45cd-8394-b094f68113ef" authority="Andres 1883" authorityName="Andres" authorityYear="1883" box="[151,532,1091,1113]" class="Anthozoa" family="Aiptasiidae" genus="Aiptasia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="14" pageNumber="69" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="tagetes">
<emphasis id="3F8CEAF08275D75DFF419B51E55CFBEB" box="[151,322,1091,1113]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="69">Aiptasia tagetes:</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="69694B138275D75DFE9E9B51E5D4FBEB" author="Andres" box="[328,458,1091,1113]" pageId="14" pageNumber="69" refString="Andres, A. (1883) Le Attinie (Monografia). Bibliografia, introduzione e specigrafia. Coi Tipi der Salviucci, Roma, 460 pp. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 35877" type="book" year="1883">Andres 1883</bibRefCitation>
(
<bibRefCitation id="69694B138275D75DFE0E9B51E613FBEB" author="Andres" box="[472,525,1091,1113]" pageId="14" pageNumber="69" refString="Andres, A. (1884) Le Attinie (Monografia). Verlag von Wilhelm Engelmann, Leipzig, 459 pp." type="book" year="1884">1884</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0D4736E28275D75DFF419B70E5EBFBC5" blockId="14.[151,904,508,1484]" box="[151,501,1121,1143]" pageId="14" pageNumber="69">
<taxonomicName id="CAF84D618275D75DFF419B70E5EBFBC5" ID-CoL="61eb11ac-225c-4566-b26f-780aee2d1265" authority="McMurrich 1887" authorityName="McMurrich" authorityYear="1887" box="[151,501,1121,1143]" class="Anthozoa" family="Aiptasiidae" genus="Aiptasia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="14" pageNumber="69" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="pallida">
<emphasis id="3F8CEAF08275D75DFF419B70E524FBC5" box="[151,314,1121,1143]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="69">Aiptasia pallida</emphasis>
: 
<bibRefCitation id="69694B138275D75DFE919B73E5EBFBC5" author="McMurrich" box="[327,501,1121,1143]" pageId="14" pageNumber="69" refString="McMurrich, J. P. (1887) Notes on the fauna of Beaufort, North Carolina. Studies at the Biological Laboratory of the John Hopkins University, 4, 55 - 63." type="journal article" year="1887">McMurrich 1887</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0D4736E28275D75DFF419B93E5D0FB24" blockId="14.[151,904,508,1484]" box="[151,462,1152,1174]" pageId="14" pageNumber="69">
<taxonomicName id="CAF84D618275D75DFF419B93E5D0FB24" ID-CoL="f38bcdf2-2cd4-48c4-9a7a-33ba99f69167" authority="Pax, 1910" authorityName="Pax" authorityYear="1910" box="[151,462,1152,1174]" class="Anthozoa" family="Aiptasiidae" genus="Aiptasia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="14" pageNumber="69" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="leiodactyla">
<emphasis id="3F8CEAF08275D75DFF419B93E57DFB24" box="[151,355,1152,1174]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="69">Aiptasia leiodactyla</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="69694B138275D75DFEBE9B93E5D0FB24" author="Pax" box="[360,462,1152,1174]" pageId="14" pageNumber="69" refString="Pax, F. (1910) Studien an westindischen Actinien. Zoologische Jahrbucher, 2, 157 - 330." type="journal article" year="1910">Pax, 1910</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0D4736E28275D75DFF419BB2E5C1FB07" blockId="14.[151,904,508,1484]" box="[151,479,1183,1205]" pageId="14" pageNumber="69">
<taxonomicName id="CAF84D618275D75DFF419BB2E5C1FB07" ID-CoL="6673D" authority="Carlgren, 1941" authorityName="Carlgren" authorityYear="1941" box="[151,479,1183,1205]" class="Anthozoa" family="Aiptasiidae" genus="Aiptasia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="14" pageNumber="69" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="insignis">
<emphasis id="3F8CEAF08275D75DFF419BB2E55FFB07" box="[151,321,1184,1205]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="69">Aiptasia insignis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="69694B138275D75DFE919B8DE5C1FB07" author="Carlgren" box="[327,479,1183,1205]" pageId="14" pageNumber="69" refString="Carlgren, O. (1941) Papers from Dr. Th. Mortensen's Pacific Expedition 1914 - 16. LXX. The Actiniaria and Zoantharia of St. Helena. Videnskabelige Meddelelser fra Dansk Naturhistorisk Forening (Copenhagen), 105, 1 - 20." type="journal article" year="1941">Carlgren, 1941</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0D4736E28275D75DFF419BAFE600FB61" blockId="14.[151,904,508,1484]" box="[151,542,1213,1235]" pageId="14" pageNumber="69">
<taxonomicName id="CAF84D618275D75DFF419BAFE600FB61" authority="Stephenson 1918" authorityName="Stephenson" authorityYear="1918" box="[151,542,1213,1235]" class="Anthozoa" family="Aiptasiidae" genus="Aiptasioides" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="14" pageNumber="69" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="pallida">
<emphasis id="3F8CEAF08275D75DFF419BAFE575FB61" box="[151,363,1213,1235]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="69">Aiptasioides pallida:</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="69694B138275D75DFEA79BAFE600FB61" author="Stephenson" box="[369,542,1213,1235]" pageId="14" pageNumber="69" refString="Stephenson, T. A. (1918) On certain Actiniaria collected off Ireland by the Fisheries Department, during the years 1899 - 1913. Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy, 34 B (7), 106 - 164." type="journal article" year="1918">Stephenson 1918</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0D4736E28275D75DFF419BCEE63BFA9D" blockId="14.[151,904,508,1484]" pageId="14" pageNumber="69">
<taxonomicName id="CAF84D618275D75DFF419BCEE645FB40" authority="Stephenson 1920" authorityName="Stephenson" authorityYear="1920" box="[151,603,1244,1266]" class="Anthozoa" family="Aiptasiomorphidae" genus="Aiptasiomorpha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="14" pageNumber="69" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="diaphana">
<emphasis id="3F8CEAF08275D75DFF419BCEE581FB40" box="[151,415,1244,1266]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="69">Aiptasiomorpha diaphana</emphasis>
: 
<bibRefCitation id="69694B138275D75DFE7B9BCEE645FB40" author="Stephenson" box="[429,603,1244,1266]" pageId="14" pageNumber="69" refString="Stephenson, T. A. (1920) On the classification of Actiniaria. I. The Quarterly Journal of Microscopical Science, 64, 425 - 574." type="journal article" year="1920">Stephenson 1920</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="CAF84D618275D75DFF419BE9E673FAA3" authority="Stephenson 1920" authorityName="Stephenson" authorityYear="1920" box="[151,621,1275,1297]" class="Anthozoa" family="Aiptasiomorphidae" genus="Aiptasiomorpha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="14" pageNumber="69" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="leiodactyla">
<emphasis id="3F8CEAF08275D75DFF419BE9E5A7FAA3" box="[151,441,1275,1297]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="69">Aiptasiomorpha leiodactyla:</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="69694B138275D75DFE699BE9E673FAA3" author="Stephenson" box="[447,621,1275,1297]" pageId="14" pageNumber="69" refString="Stephenson, T. A. (1920) On the classification of Actiniaria. I. The Quarterly Journal of Microscopical Science, 64, 425 - 574." type="journal article" year="1920">Stephenson 1920</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="CAF84D618275D75DFF419A0BE63BFA9D" ID-CoL="80063da4-4566-4cdf-b091-933668587ef2" authority="Stephenson 1920" authorityName="Stephenson" authorityYear="1920" box="[151,549,1305,1327]" class="Anthozoa" family="Aiptasiidae" genus="Bartholomea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="14" pageNumber="69" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="tagetes">
<emphasis id="3F8CEAF08275D75DFF419A0BE56FFA9D" box="[151,369,1305,1327]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="69">Bartholomea tagetes:</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="69694B138275D75DFEAE9A0BE63BFA9D" author="Stephenson" box="[376,549,1305,1327]" pageId="14" pageNumber="69" refString="Stephenson, T. A. (1920) On the classification of Actiniaria. I. The Quarterly Journal of Microscopical Science, 64, 425 - 574." type="journal article" year="1920">Stephenson 1920</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0D4736E28275D75DFF419A2BE5F0FAFC" blockId="14.[151,904,508,1484]" box="[151,494,1336,1358]" pageId="14" pageNumber="69">
<taxonomicName id="CAF84D618275D75DFF419A2BE5F0FAFC" ID-CoL="acfec237-2cc8-453c-8b42-047922108af0" authority="Carlgren, 1943" authorityName="Carlgren" authorityYear="1943" box="[151,494,1336,1358]" class="Anthozoa" family="Aiptasiidae" genus="Aiptasia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="14" pageNumber="69" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="pulchella">
<emphasis id="3F8CEAF08275D75DFF419A2BE54EFAFC" box="[151,336,1336,1358]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="69">Aiptasia pulchella</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="69694B138275D75DFE809A2AE5F0FAFC" author="Carlgren" box="[342,494,1336,1358]" pageId="14" pageNumber="69" refString="Carlgren, O. (1943) East-Asiatic Corallimorpharia and Actiniaria. Kungliga Svenska Vetenskaps - Akademiens Handlingar, series 3, 20 (6), 1 - 43." type="journal article" year="1943">Carlgren, 1943</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0D4736E28275D75DFF419A4AE5E1FADF" blockId="14.[151,904,508,1484]" box="[151,511,1367,1389]" pageId="14" pageNumber="69">
<taxonomicName id="CAF84D618275D75DFF419A4AE5E1FADF" ID-CoL="1d0756df-e5b7-4ae9-9ded-043dba761001" authority="Carlgren, 1952" authorityName="Carlgren" authorityYear="1952" box="[151,511,1367,1389]" class="Anthozoa" family="Aiptasiidae" genus="Aiptasia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="14" pageNumber="69" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="californica">
<emphasis id="3F8CEAF08275D75DFF419A4AE57FFADF" box="[151,353,1367,1389]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="69">Aiptasia californica</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="69694B138275D75DFEB19A45E5E1FADF" author="Carlgren" box="[359,511,1367,1389]" pageId="14" pageNumber="69" refString="Carlgren, O. (1952) Actiniaria from North America. Arkiv fur Zoologi, 3 (30), 373 - 390." type="journal article" year="1952">Carlgren, 1952</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0D4736E28275D75DFF419A64E5A0FA39" blockId="14.[151,904,508,1484]" box="[151,446,1397,1419]" pageId="14" pageNumber="69">
<taxonomicName id="CAF84D618275D75DFF419A64E5A0FA39" ID-CoL="1815cb2e-bbe8-45cd-8394-b094f68113ef" authority="Atoda 1954" authorityName="Atoda" authorityYear="1954" box="[151,446,1397,1419]" class="Anthozoa" family="Aiptasiidae" genus="Aiptasia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="14" pageNumber="69" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="tagetes">
<emphasis id="3F8CEAF08275D75DFF419A64E524FA39" box="[151,314,1398,1419]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="69">Aiptasia tagetes</emphasis>
: 
<bibRefCitation id="69694B138275D75DFE909A67E5A0FA39" author="Atoda" box="[326,446,1397,1419]" pageId="14" pageNumber="69" refString="Atoda, K. (1954) The development of the sea anemone, Diadumene luciae, reproduced by the pedal laceration. Science Reports of the Tohoku University, 20 (2), 123 - 129." type="journal article" year="1954">Atoda 1954</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0D4736E28275D75DFF419A86E643FA78" blockId="14.[151,904,508,1484]" pageId="14" pageNumber="69">
<taxonomicName id="CAF84D618275D75DFF419A86E697FA18" authority="Uchida &amp; Soyama 2001" authorityName="Uchida &amp; Soyama" authorityYear="2001" box="[151,649,1428,1450]" class="Anthozoa" family="Aiptasiomorphidae" genus="Aiptasiomorpha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="14" pageNumber="69" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="minuta">
<emphasis id="3F8CEAF08275D75DFF419A86E591FA18" box="[151,399,1428,1450]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="69">Aiptasiomorpha minuta:</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="69694B138275D75DFE439A86E697FA18" author="Uchida" box="[405,649,1428,1450]" pageId="14" pageNumber="69" refString="Uchida, H. &amp; Soyama, I. (2001) Sea Anemones in Japanese Waters. TBS, Japan, 157 pp." type="book" year="2001">Uchida &amp; Soyama 2001</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="CAF84D618275D75DFF419AA7E643FA78" ID-CoL="f2c5d570-ac4e-4b37-aff8-c87215985564" authority="Reimer et al. 2007" authorityName="Reimer et al." authorityYear="2007" box="[151,605,1459,1484]" class="Anthozoa" family="Aiptasiidae" genus="Aipstasia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="14" pageNumber="69" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="pulchella">
<emphasis id="3F8CEAF08275D75DFF419AA7E4EBFA78" box="[151,245,1461,1482]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="69">Aipstasia</emphasis>
[
<emphasis id="3F8CEAF08275D75DFED29AA4E53EFA79" box="[260,288,1462,1483]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="69">sic</emphasis>
] 
<emphasis id="3F8CEAF08275D75DFEF99AA6E588FA78" box="[303,406,1460,1482]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="69">pulchella:</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="69694B138275D75DFE4A9AA6E643FA78" author="Reimer" box="[412,605,1459,1484]" pageId="14" pageNumber="69" refString="Reimer, J. D., Sinniger, F., Fujiwara, Y., Hirano, S. &amp; Maruyama, T. (2007) Morphological and molecular characterisation of Abyssoanthus nankaiensis, a new family, new genus and new species of deep-sea zoanthid (Anthozoa: Hexacorallia: Zoantharia) from a north-west Pacific methane cold seep. Invertebrate Systematics, 21 (3), 255 - 262. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1071 / is 06008" type="journal article" year="2007">
Reimer 
<emphasis id="3F8CEAF08275D75DFE3A9AA6E63BFA7E" box="[492,549,1459,1484]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="69">et al.</emphasis>
2007
</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="45E265698275D75DFF419AE1E000F9E0" pageId="14" pageNumber="69" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="0D4736E28275D75DFF419AE1E641F9BE" blockId="14.[151,1437,1522,2014]" box="[151,607,1522,1549]" pageId="14" pageNumber="69">
<emphasis id="3F8CEAF08275D75DFF419AE1E595F9BF" bold="true" box="[151,395,1523,1549]" pageId="14" pageNumber="69">Material examined.</emphasis>
(See Appendix 1).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0D4736E28275D75DFF419907E000F9E0" blockId="14.[151,1437,1522,2014]" pageId="14" pageNumber="69">
<emphasis id="3F8CEAF08275D75DFF419907E637F99C" bold="true" box="[151,553,1557,1582]" pageId="14" pageNumber="69">Comparative material examined.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="CAF84D618275D75DFDE59904E7B5F99C" authority="Carlgren, 1941" authorityName="Carlgren" authorityYear="1941" box="[563,939,1557,1582]" class="Anthozoa" family="Aiptasiidae" genus="Aiptasia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="14" pageNumber="69" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="insignis">
<emphasis id="3F8CEAF08275D75DFDE59904E6EFF99F" box="[563,753,1558,1581]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="69">Aiptasia insignis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="69694B138275D75DFD2A9907E7B5F99C" author="Carlgren" box="[764,939,1557,1582]" pageId="14" pageNumber="69" refString="Carlgren, O. (1941) Papers from Dr. Th. Mortensen's Pacific Expedition 1914 - 16. LXX. The Actiniaria and Zoantharia of St. Helena. Videnskabelige Meddelelser fra Dansk Naturhistorisk Forening (Copenhagen), 105, 1 - 20." type="journal article" year="1941">Carlgren, 1941</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
; SMNH-type 4510 (three 
<typeStatus id="D24388408275D75DFB0B9904E15AF99C" box="[1245,1348,1558,1582]" pageId="14" pageNumber="69" type="syntype">syntypes</typeStatus>
). South Atlantic Ocean, 
<collectingCountry id="75EF76728275D75DFE98992BE5FEF9E0" box="[334,480,1593,1618]" name="Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha" pageId="14" pageNumber="69">Saint Helena</collectingCountry>
, off Jamestown. Leg. Th. Mortenseni 0 
<date id="794610228275D75DFC4A9928E004F9E0" box="[924,1050,1593,1618]" pageId="14" pageNumber="69" value="1930-02-01">1 Feb 1930</date>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="45E265698275D75DFF11994CE697F898" pageId="14" pageNumber="69" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="0D4736E28275D75DFF11994CE7C9F928" blockId="14.[151,1437,1522,2014]" pageId="14" pageNumber="69">
<taxonomicName id="CAF84D618275D75DFF11994CE632F9C4" ID-CoL="BCTK" authority="Carlgren, 1938" authorityName="Carlgren" authorityYear="1938" box="[199,556,1629,1654]" class="Anthozoa" family="Aiptasiidae" genus="Aiptasia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="14" pageNumber="69" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="parva">
<emphasis id="3F8CEAF08275D75DFF11994CE56CF9C7" box="[199,370,1630,1653]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="69">Aiptasia parva</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="69694B138275D75DFEAB994FE632F9C4" author="Carlgren" box="[381,556,1629,1654]" pageId="14" pageNumber="69" refString="Carlgren, O. (1938) South African Actiniaria and Zoantharia. Kungliga Svenska Vetenskaps - Akademiens Handlingar, series 3, 17 (3), 1 - 148." type="journal article" year="1938">Carlgren, 1938</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
; SMNH-type 4053 (six 
<typeStatus id="D24388408275D75DFC9A994CE7AFF9C4" box="[844,945,1630,1654]" pageId="14" pageNumber="69" type="syntype">syntypes</typeStatus>
, only two loaned). South Atlantic Ocean, 
<collectingCountry id="75EF76728275D75DFF419993E534F928" box="[151,298,1665,1690]" name="South Africa" pageId="14" pageNumber="69">South Africa</collectingCountry>
, East London. Leg. Swedish South African Expedition 1935.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0D4736E28275D75DFF1199B4E71FF950" blockId="14.[151,1437,1522,2014]" pageId="14" pageNumber="69">
<taxonomicName id="CAF84D618275D75DFF1199B4E63DF90C" ID-CoL="BCTK" authority="Carlgren, 1938" authorityName="Carlgren" authorityYear="1938" box="[199,547,1701,1726]" class="Anthozoa" family="Aiptasiidae" genus="Aiptasia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="14" pageNumber="69" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="parva">
<emphasis id="3F8CEAF08275D75DFF1199B4E570F90F" box="[199,366,1702,1725]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="69">Aiptasia parva</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="69694B138275D75DFEA099B7E63DF90C" author="Carlgren" box="[374,547,1701,1726]" pageId="14" pageNumber="69" refString="Carlgren, O. (1938) South African Actiniaria and Zoantharia. Kungliga Svenska Vetenskaps - Akademiens Handlingar, series 3, 17 (3), 1 - 148." type="journal article" year="1938">Carlgren, 1938</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
; SMNH-type 4054 (three 
<typeStatus id="D24388408275D75DFC9B99B4E7AAF90C" box="[845,948,1702,1726]" pageId="14" pageNumber="69" type="syntype">syntypes</typeStatus>
). South Atlantic Ocean, 
<collectingCountry id="75EF76728275D75DFB1D99B7E141F90C" box="[1227,1375,1701,1726]" name="South Africa" pageId="14" pageNumber="69">South Africa</collectingCountry>
, East London. Leg. Swedish South African Expedition 1935.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0D4736E28275D75DFF1199FCE697F898" blockId="14.[151,1437,1522,2014]" pageId="14" pageNumber="69">
<taxonomicName id="CAF84D618275D75DFF1199FCE5FDF8B4" authority="Agassiz" authorityName="Agassiz" box="[199,483,1773,1798]" class="Anthozoa" family="Aiptasiidae" genus="Dysactis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="14" pageNumber="69" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="pallida">
<emphasis id="3F8CEAF08275D75DFF1199FCE59EF8B4" box="[199,384,1773,1798]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="69">Dysactis pallida</emphasis>
Agassiz
</taxonomicName>
in Verrill, 1864; MCZ SCOR-1004 (two 
<typeStatus id="D24388408275D75DFC1399FCE032F8B4" box="[965,1068,1774,1798]" pageId="14" pageNumber="69" type="syntype">syntypes</typeStatus>
). North 
<collectingCountry id="75EF76728275D75DFB5D99FFE0F0F8B4" box="[1163,1262,1773,1798]" name="United States of America" pageId="14" pageNumber="69">America</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="75EF76728275D75DFB2A99FFE189F8B4" box="[1276,1431,1773,1798]" name="United States of America" pageId="14" pageNumber="69">United States</collectingCountry>
, South Carolina, Charleston. Louise Agassiz.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="45E265698275D741FF119827E021F803" lastPageId="18" lastPageNumber="73" pageId="14" pageNumber="69" type="description">
<paragraph id="0D4736E28275D75DFF119827E03BF86F" blockId="14.[151,1437,1522,2014]" pageId="14" pageNumber="69">
<emphasis id="3F8CEAF08275D75DFF119827E547F8FC" bold="true" box="[199,345,1845,1870]" pageId="14" pageNumber="69">Description.</emphasis>
<emphasis id="3F8CEAF08275D75DFE899827E63BF8FC" box="[351,549,1845,1870]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="69">External anatomy</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="95C32A678275D75DFDE29827E666F8FC" box="[564,632,1845,1870]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1951,1973]" captionTargetBox="[219,1368,193,1927]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[219,1368,193,1930]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 8. External anatomy of Exaiptasia pallida comb. nov. A) Oral view of living specimen. B) Lateral view of living specimen. C) Lateral view of preserved specimen; notice cinclides and acontia (arrows). Scale bars: A – C, 10 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/250369/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="69">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
): Pedal disc to 
<quantity id="CA009B078275D75DFCF49824E76FF8FF" box="[802,881,1846,1870]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="14" pageNumber="69" unit="mm" value="10.0">10 mm</quantity>
diameter, wider than column in living specimens. Column smooth, to 
<quantity id="CA009B078275D75DFEAE984BE5D6F8C3" box="[376,456,1881,1906]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="14" pageNumber="69" unit="mm" value="60.0">60 mm</quantity>
height and to 
<quantity id="CA009B078275D75DFDBD9848E6A4F8C3" box="[619,698,1882,1906]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="14" pageNumber="69" unit="mm" value="30.0">30 mm</quantity>
diameter in preserved specimens. Cinclides often conspicuous in mid-column, in 2–3 rows, with ~12 cinclides per row, alternating in height, corresponding with endocoels of first two cycles of mesenteries. Mesenterial insertions visible. Oral disc to 
<quantity id="CA009B078275D75DFC1598B0E00BF80B" box="[963,1045,1954,1978]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="14" pageNumber="69" unit="mm" value="10.0">10 mm</quantity>
diameter in preserved specimens. Tentacles to 96, smooth, long, tapering toward tips, all of same length, to 
<quantity id="CA009B078275D75DFC1998D4E03FF86F" box="[975,1057,1990,2014]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="14" pageNumber="69" unit="mm" value="20.0">20 mm</quantity>
.
</paragraph>
<caption id="5987666A8274D75CFF41988DE107F866" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/250369/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="70" targetBox="[219,1368,193,1927]" targetPageId="15">
<paragraph id="0D4736E28274D75CFF41988DE107F866" blockId="15.[151,1436,1951,2004]" pageId="15" pageNumber="70">
<emphasis id="3F8CEAF08274D75CFF41988DE50AF806" bold="true" box="[151,276,1951,1973]" pageId="15" pageNumber="70">FIGURE 8.</emphasis>
External anatomy of 
<taxonomicName id="CAF84D618274D75CFE2E98B3E6ABF807" box="[504,693,1951,1974]" class="Anthozoa" family="Aiptasiidae" genus="Exaiptasia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="15" pageNumber="70" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="pallida" status="comb. nov.">
<emphasis id="3F8CEAF08274D75CFE2E98B3E6ABF807" box="[504,693,1951,1974]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="70">Exaiptasia pallida</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="24BF578B8274D75CFD6B988DE731F807" box="[701,815,1951,1973]" pageId="15" pageNumber="70">comb. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
A) Oral view of living specimen. B) Lateral view of living specimen. C) Lateral view of preserved specimen; notice cinclides and acontia (arrows). Scale bars: A–C, 10 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="5987666A826BD743FF419806E018F850" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/250370/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="71" targetBox="[266,1314,193,1775]" targetPageId="16">
<paragraph id="0D4736E2826BD743FF419806E018F850" blockId="16.[151,1436,1812,2018]" pageId="16" pageNumber="71">
<emphasis id="3F8CEAF0826BD743FF419806E50CF89B" bold="true" box="[151,274,1812,1834]" pageId="16" pageNumber="71">FIGURE 9.</emphasis>
Internal anatomy of 
<taxonomicName id="CAF84D61826BD743FE329807E680F898" box="[484,670,1812,1834]" class="Anthozoa" family="Aiptasiidae" genus="Exaiptasia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="16" pageNumber="71" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="pallida" status="comb. nov.">
<emphasis id="3F8CEAF0826BD743FE329807E680F898" box="[484,670,1812,1834]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="71">Exaiptasia pallida</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="24BF578B826BD743FD729806E70AF898" box="[676,788,1812,1834]" pageId="16" pageNumber="71">comb. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
A) Cross section of the column at the level of the actinopharynx showing the cycles of mesenteries (indicated by roman numerals between pairs). B) Detail of fourth cycle of mesenteries (arrows). C) Cross section through a tentacle showing the ectodermal longitudinal musculature; notice zooxanthellae in gastrodermis. D) Cross section through distal column showing strong ectodermal longitudinal musculature. E) Detail of weak parietobasilar muscles. F) Detail of a longitudinal section of the proximal end showing the basilar muscles (arrows). G) Longitudinal section of the distal column showing reticulate mesogleal marginal sphincter muscle. Abbreviations: ep, epidermis; ga, gastrodermis; me, mesoglea; s, siphonoglyph. Scale bars: A–G, 0.1 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="5987666A826AD742FF4199A9E6CDF942" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/250371/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="72" targetBox="[190,1398,205,1693]" targetPageId="17">
<paragraph id="0D4736E2826AD742FF4199A9E6CDF942" blockId="17.[151,1435,1723,1776]" pageId="17" pageNumber="72">
<emphasis id="3F8CEAF0826AD742FF4199A9E53EF962" bold="true" box="[151,288,1723,1745]" pageId="17" pageNumber="72">FIGURE 10.</emphasis>
Cnidae of 
<taxonomicName id="CAF84D61826AD742FE4499AEE653F963" box="[402,589,1723,1745]" class="Anthozoa" family="Aiptasiidae" genus="Exaiptasia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="17" pageNumber="72" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="pallida" status="comb. nov.">
<emphasis id="3F8CEAF0826AD742FE4499AEE653F963" box="[402,589,1723,1745]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="72">Exaiptasia pallida</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="24BF578B826AD742FD8299A9E6DBF963" box="[596,709,1723,1745]" pageId="17" pageNumber="72">comb. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
A, C, F, I, K, L, N, O) Microbasic 
<emphasis id="3F8CEAF0826AD742FBF999AEE025F963" box="[1071,1083,1724,1745]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="72">p</emphasis>
-amastigophores. B, D, G, J, M, P) Basitrichs. E) Microbasic 
<emphasis id="3F8CEAF0826AD742FE4999C8E5B2F942" box="[415,428,1754,1776]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="72">b</emphasis>
-mastigophore. H) Spirocyst.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="0D4736E2826AD741FF11980EE107FF67" blockId="17.[151,1436,1820,2025]" lastBlockId="18.[151,1436,151,392]" lastPageId="18" lastPageNumber="73" pageId="17" pageNumber="72">
<emphasis id="3F8CEAF0826AD742FF11980EE67AF886" box="[199,612,1820,1845]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="72">Internal anatomy and microanatomy</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="95C32A67826AD742FDA2980EE6A4F887" box="[628,698,1820,1845]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="16.[151,250,1812,1834]" captionTargetBox="[266,1314,193,1775]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[266,1314,193,1776]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 9. Internal anatomy of Exaiptasia pallida comb. nov. A) Cross section of the column at the level of the actinopharynx showing the cycles of mesenteries (indicated by roman numerals between pairs). B) Detail of fourth cycle of mesenteries (arrows). C) Cross section through a tentacle showing the ectodermal longitudinal musculature; notice zooxanthellae in gastrodermis. D) Cross section through distal column showing strong ectodermal longitudinal musculature. E) Detail of weak parietobasilar muscles. F) Detail of a longitudinal section of the proximal end showing the basilar muscles (arrows). G) Longitudinal section of the distal column showing reticulate mesogleal marginal sphincter muscle. Abbreviations: ep, epidermis; ga, gastrodermis; me, mesoglea; s, siphonoglyph. Scale bars: A – G, 0.1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/250370/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="72">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
): Mesogleal marginal sphincter muscle diffuse, strong, reticulate, relatively short, restricted to column margin; fibers occupying entire mesoglea (
<figureCitation id="95C32A67826AD742FB599852E0C0F8EB" box="[1167,1246,1856,1881]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="16.[151,250,1812,1834]" captionTargetBox="[266,1314,193,1775]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[266,1314,193,1776]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 9. Internal anatomy of Exaiptasia pallida comb. nov. A) Cross section of the column at the level of the actinopharynx showing the cycles of mesenteries (indicated by roman numerals between pairs). B) Detail of fourth cycle of mesenteries (arrows). C) Cross section through a tentacle showing the ectodermal longitudinal musculature; notice zooxanthellae in gastrodermis. D) Cross section through distal column showing strong ectodermal longitudinal musculature. E) Detail of weak parietobasilar muscles. F) Detail of a longitudinal section of the proximal end showing the basilar muscles (arrows). G) Longitudinal section of the distal column showing reticulate mesogleal marginal sphincter muscle. Abbreviations: ep, epidermis; ga, gastrodermis; me, mesoglea; s, siphonoglyph. Scale bars: A – G, 0.1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/250370/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="72">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
G). Mesenteries hexamerously arranged in four cycles (
<figureCitation id="95C32A67826AD742FD899876E6AEF8CF" box="[607,688,1892,1917]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="16.[151,250,1812,1834]" captionTargetBox="[266,1314,193,1775]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[266,1314,193,1776]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 9. Internal anatomy of Exaiptasia pallida comb. nov. A) Cross section of the column at the level of the actinopharynx showing the cycles of mesenteries (indicated by roman numerals between pairs). B) Detail of fourth cycle of mesenteries (arrows). C) Cross section through a tentacle showing the ectodermal longitudinal musculature; notice zooxanthellae in gastrodermis. D) Cross section through distal column showing strong ectodermal longitudinal musculature. E) Detail of weak parietobasilar muscles. F) Detail of a longitudinal section of the proximal end showing the basilar muscles (arrows). G) Longitudinal section of the distal column showing reticulate mesogleal marginal sphincter muscle. Abbreviations: ep, epidermis; ga, gastrodermis; me, mesoglea; s, siphonoglyph. Scale bars: A – G, 0.1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/250370/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="72">Figs. 9</figureCitation>
A, B). Only first cycle perfect; first two cycles fertile, probably including directives; third and fourth cycles reduced, without filaments or acontia. Two pairs of directives each associated with a well-developed siphonoglyph. Gonochoric. Asexual reproduction by pedal laceration. Retractor muscles restricted, strong. Parietobasilar muscles differentiated, weak (
<figureCitation id="95C32A67826AD742FC6098C2E7E4F85B" box="[950,1018,2000,2025]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="16.[151,250,1812,1834]" captionTargetBox="[266,1314,193,1775]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[266,1314,193,1776]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 9. Internal anatomy of Exaiptasia pallida comb. nov. A) Cross section of the column at the level of the actinopharynx showing the cycles of mesenteries (indicated by roman numerals between pairs). B) Detail of fourth cycle of mesenteries (arrows). C) Cross section through a tentacle showing the ectodermal longitudinal musculature; notice zooxanthellae in gastrodermis. D) Cross section through distal column showing strong ectodermal longitudinal musculature. E) Detail of weak parietobasilar muscles. F) Detail of a longitudinal section of the proximal end showing the basilar muscles (arrows). G) Longitudinal section of the distal column showing reticulate mesogleal marginal sphincter muscle. Abbreviations: ep, epidermis; ga, gastrodermis; me, mesoglea; s, siphonoglyph. Scale bars: A – G, 0.1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/250370/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="72">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
E). Longitudinal muscles of tentacles ectodermal (
<figureCitation id="95C32A678269D741FEF29F85E577FF02" box="[292,361,151,176]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="16.[151,250,1812,1834]" captionTargetBox="[266,1314,193,1775]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[266,1314,193,1776]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 9. Internal anatomy of Exaiptasia pallida comb. nov. A) Cross section of the column at the level of the actinopharynx showing the cycles of mesenteries (indicated by roman numerals between pairs). B) Detail of fourth cycle of mesenteries (arrows). C) Cross section through a tentacle showing the ectodermal longitudinal musculature; notice zooxanthellae in gastrodermis. D) Cross section through distal column showing strong ectodermal longitudinal musculature. E) Detail of weak parietobasilar muscles. F) Detail of a longitudinal section of the proximal end showing the basilar muscles (arrows). G) Longitudinal section of the distal column showing reticulate mesogleal marginal sphincter muscle. Abbreviations: ep, epidermis; ga, gastrodermis; me, mesoglea; s, siphonoglyph. Scale bars: A – G, 0.1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/250370/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="73">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
C). Strong longitudinal ectodermal muscles in distal end of column (
<figureCitation id="95C32A678269D741FBAF9F85E0A0FF02" box="[1145,1214,151,176]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="16.[151,250,1812,1834]" captionTargetBox="[266,1314,193,1775]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[266,1314,193,1776]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 9. Internal anatomy of Exaiptasia pallida comb. nov. A) Cross section of the column at the level of the actinopharynx showing the cycles of mesenteries (indicated by roman numerals between pairs). B) Detail of fourth cycle of mesenteries (arrows). C) Cross section through a tentacle showing the ectodermal longitudinal musculature; notice zooxanthellae in gastrodermis. D) Cross section through distal column showing strong ectodermal longitudinal musculature. E) Detail of weak parietobasilar muscles. F) Detail of a longitudinal section of the proximal end showing the basilar muscles (arrows). G) Longitudinal section of the distal column showing reticulate mesogleal marginal sphincter muscle. Abbreviations: ep, epidermis; ga, gastrodermis; me, mesoglea; s, siphonoglyph. Scale bars: A – G, 0.1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/250370/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="73">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
D). Basilar muscles well differentiated, with fibers on thin mesogleal pennon (
<figureCitation id="95C32A678269D741FCF49FAEE77BFF66" box="[802,869,188,213]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="16.[151,250,1812,1834]" captionTargetBox="[266,1314,193,1775]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[266,1314,193,1776]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 9. Internal anatomy of Exaiptasia pallida comb. nov. A) Cross section of the column at the level of the actinopharynx showing the cycles of mesenteries (indicated by roman numerals between pairs). B) Detail of fourth cycle of mesenteries (arrows). C) Cross section through a tentacle showing the ectodermal longitudinal musculature; notice zooxanthellae in gastrodermis. D) Cross section through distal column showing strong ectodermal longitudinal musculature. E) Detail of weak parietobasilar muscles. F) Detail of a longitudinal section of the proximal end showing the basilar muscles (arrows). G) Longitudinal section of the distal column showing reticulate mesogleal marginal sphincter muscle. Abbreviations: ep, epidermis; ga, gastrodermis; me, mesoglea; s, siphonoglyph. Scale bars: A – G, 0.1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/250370/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="73">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
F). Acontia numerous, well developed.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0D4736E28269D741FF119FCDE14FFEF2" blockId="18.[151,1436,151,392]" pageId="18" pageNumber="73">
<emphasis id="3F8CEAF08269D741FF119FCDE516FF4A" box="[199,264,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="73">Color</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="95C32A678269D741FECE9FCDE543FF4A" box="[280,349,223,248]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1951,1973]" captionTargetBox="[219,1368,193,1927]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[219,1368,193,1930]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 8. External anatomy of Exaiptasia pallida comb. nov. A) Oral view of living specimen. B) Lateral view of living specimen. C) Lateral view of preserved specimen; notice cinclides and acontia (arrows). Scale bars: A – C, 10 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/250369/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="73">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
): In living specimens, column translucent proximally and greyish-brownish with scattered spots distally; oral disc and tentacles greyish, the latter with scattered white transversal stripes (
<figureCitation id="95C32A678269D741FB749E16E0EFFEAE" box="[1186,1265,260,285]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1951,1973]" captionTargetBox="[219,1368,193,1927]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[219,1368,193,1930]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 8. External anatomy of Exaiptasia pallida comb. nov. A) Oral view of living specimen. B) Lateral view of living specimen. C) Lateral view of preserved specimen; notice cinclides and acontia (arrows). Scale bars: A – C, 10 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/250369/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="73">Figs. 8</figureCitation>
A, B). Whitish mouth and actinopharynx with yellowish circle around (
<figureCitation id="95C32A678269D741FCDD9E35E753FEF2" box="[779,845,295,320]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1951,1973]" captionTargetBox="[219,1368,193,1927]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[219,1368,193,1930]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 8. External anatomy of Exaiptasia pallida comb. nov. A) Oral view of living specimen. B) Lateral view of living specimen. C) Lateral view of preserved specimen; notice cinclides and acontia (arrows). Scale bars: A – C, 10 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/250369/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="73">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
A). Preserved specimens uniform tan in color.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0D4736E28269D741FF119E5EE62AFE3A" blockId="18.[151,1436,151,392]" pageId="18" pageNumber="73">
<emphasis id="3F8CEAF08269D741FF119E5EE537FED7" box="[199,297,332,357]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="73">Cnidom:</emphasis>
Spirocysts, basitrichs, microbasic 
<emphasis id="3F8CEAF08269D741FD649E5EE6DEFED7" box="[690,704,332,357]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="73">b</emphasis>
-mastigophores and 
<emphasis id="3F8CEAF08269D741FC739E5FE7A2FED6" box="[933,956,333,356]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="73">p-</emphasis>
amastigophores (
<figureCitation id="95C32A678269D741FBAB9E5EE0CFFED6" box="[1149,1233,332,357]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="17.[151,250,1723,1745]" captionTargetBox="[190,1398,205,1693]" captionTargetId="figure@17.[188,1398,193,1702]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURE 10. Cnidae of Exaiptasia pallida comb. nov. A, C, F, I, K, L, N, O) Microbasic p - amastigophores. B, D, G, J, M, P) Basitrichs. E) Microbasic b - mastigophore. H) Spirocyst." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/250371/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="73">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
). See Table 3 and Appendix 2 for size and distribution.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0D4736E28269D741FF419EA6E138FDBD" blockId="18.[151,1436,436,527]" pageId="18" pageNumber="73">
<emphasis id="3F8CEAF08269D741FF419EA6E513FE79" bold="true" box="[151,269,436,459]" pageId="18" pageNumber="73">TABLE 3.</emphasis>
Size ranges of the cnidae of 
<taxonomicName id="CAF84D618269D741FD8F9EA7E73EFE7E" box="[601,800,436,460]" class="Anthozoa" family="Aiptasiidae" genus="Exaiptasia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="18" pageNumber="73" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="pallida" status="comb. nov.">
<emphasis id="3F8CEAF08269D741FD8F9EA7E73EFE7E" box="[601,800,436,460]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="73">Exaiptasia pallida</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="24BF578B8269D741FCFC9EA6E7BAFE79" box="[810,932,436,459]" pageId="18" pageNumber="73">comb. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
<emphasis id="3F8CEAF08269D741FC679EA8E7A1FE64" bold="true" box="[945,959,442,470]" pageId="18" pageNumber="73">x</emphasis>
, mean; SD, standard deviation; S, ratio of number of specimens in which each cnida was found to number of specimens examined; N, Total number of capsules measured; F, frequency; +++, very common; ++, common; +, rather common; Abbreviations: M, Microbasic.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0D4736E28269D741FF499D39E156FA5F" pageId="18" pageNumber="73">
<table id="7FF8C442826928ACFF499D39E156FA5F" box="[159,1352,555,1517]" gridcols="5" gridrows="23" pageId="18" pageNumber="73">
<tr id="B3C834A0826928ACFF499D39E156FDED" box="[159,1352,555,607]" gridrow="0" pageId="18" pageNumber="73">
<th id="F0195DDC826928ACFF499D39E59DFDED" box="[159,387,555,607]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="18" pageNumber="73">Categories</th>
<th id="F0195DDC826928ACFE159D39E7A7FDED" box="[451,953,555,607]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="18" pageNumber="73">
Range of length and width 
<emphasis id="3F8CEAF08269D741FD269D23E6E0FDFF" bold="true" box="[752,766,561,589]" pageId="18" pageNumber="73">x</emphasis>
± SD of capsules (µm)
</th>
<th id="F0195DDC826928ACFBD79D39E025FDED" box="[1025,1083,555,607]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="18" pageNumber="73">S</th>
<th id="F0195DDC826928ACFB599D39E0ABFDED" box="[1167,1205,555,607]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="18" pageNumber="73">N</th>
<th id="F0195DDC826928ACFACB9D39E156FDED" box="[1309,1352,555,607]" gridcol="4" gridrow="0" pageId="18" pageNumber="73">F</th>
</tr>
<tr id="B3C834A0826928ACFF499D61E156FD3B" box="[159,1352,627,649]" gridrow="1" pageId="18" pageNumber="73" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1">
<th id="F0195DDC826928ACFF499D61E59DFD3B" box="[159,387,627,649]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="18" pageNumber="73">PEDAL DISC</th>
</tr>
<tr id="B3C834A0826928ACFF499D8EE156FD00" box="[159,1352,668,690]" gridrow="2" pageId="18" pageNumber="73">
<th id="F0195DDC826928ACFF499D8EE59DFD00" box="[159,387,668,690]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="18" pageNumber="73">
M 
<emphasis id="3F8CEAF08269D741FF6A9D8FE4D7FD00" box="[188,201,669,690]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="73">p</emphasis>
-amastigophores
</th>
<td id="F0195DDC826928ACFE159D8EE7A7FD00" box="[451,953,668,690]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="18" pageNumber="73">(9.7–27.5) x (1.9–6.4) 18.97±2.8 x 4.3±0.7</td>
<td id="F0195DDC826928ACFBD79D8EE025FD00" box="[1025,1083,668,690]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="18" pageNumber="73">30/30</td>
<td id="F0195DDC826928ACFB599D8EE0ABFD00" box="[1167,1205,668,690]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="18" pageNumber="73">610</td>
<td id="F0195DDC826928ACFACB9D8EE156FD00" box="[1309,1352,668,690]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="18" pageNumber="73">+++</td>
</tr>
<tr id="B3C834A0826928ACFF499DD7E156FD69" box="[159,1352,709,731]" gridrow="3" pageId="18" pageNumber="73">
<th id="F0195DDC826928ACFF499DD7E59DFD69" box="[159,387,709,731]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="18" pageNumber="73">Basitrichs</th>
<td id="F0195DDC826928ACFE159DD7E7A7FD69" box="[451,953,709,731]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="18" pageNumber="73">(9.1–19.1) x (1.2–4.4) 13.1±2.2 x 3.1±0.7</td>
<td id="F0195DDC826928ACFBD79DD7E025FD69" box="[1025,1083,709,731]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="18" pageNumber="73">30/30</td>
<td id="F0195DDC826928ACFB599DD7E0ABFD69" box="[1167,1205,709,731]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="18" pageNumber="73">615</td>
<td id="F0195DDC826928ACFACB9DD7E156FD69" box="[1309,1352,709,731]" gridcol="4" gridrow="3" pageId="18" pageNumber="73">+++</td>
</tr>
<tr id="B3C834A0826928ACFF499DFDE156FCB7" box="[159,1352,751,773]" gridrow="4" pageId="18" pageNumber="73" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1">
<th id="F0195DDC826928ACFF499DFDE59DFCB7" box="[159,387,751,773]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="18" pageNumber="73">COLUMN</th>
</tr>
<tr id="B3C834A0826928ACFF499C0AE156FC9C" box="[159,1352,792,814]" gridrow="5" pageId="18" pageNumber="73">
<th id="F0195DDC826928ACFF499C0AE59DFC9C" box="[159,387,792,814]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="18" pageNumber="73">
M 
<emphasis id="3F8CEAF08269D741FF6A9C0BE4D7FC9C" box="[188,201,793,814]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="73">p</emphasis>
-amastigophores
</th>
<td id="F0195DDC826928ACFE159C0AE7A7FC9C" box="[451,953,792,814]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="18" pageNumber="73">(9.7–40.4) x (1.8–6.4) 18.2±4.9 x 4.2±0.7</td>
<td id="F0195DDC826928ACFBD79C0AE025FC9C" box="[1025,1083,792,814]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="18" pageNumber="73">30/30</td>
<td id="F0195DDC826928ACFB599C0AE0ABFC9C" box="[1167,1205,792,814]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="18" pageNumber="73">483</td>
<td id="F0195DDC826928ACFACB9C0AE156FC9C" box="[1309,1352,792,814]" gridcol="4" gridrow="5" pageId="18" pageNumber="73">+++</td>
</tr>
<tr id="B3C834A0826928ACFF499C53E156FCE5" box="[159,1352,833,855]" gridrow="6" pageId="18" pageNumber="73">
<th id="F0195DDC826928ACFF499C53E59DFCE5" box="[159,387,833,855]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="18" pageNumber="73">Basitrichs</th>
<td id="F0195DDC826928ACFE159C53E7A7FCE5" box="[451,953,833,855]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="18" pageNumber="73">(8.4–28.4) x (1.6–5.7) 14.1±3.1 x 3.2±0.6</td>
<td id="F0195DDC826928ACFBD79C53E025FCE5" box="[1025,1083,833,855]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="18" pageNumber="73">30/30</td>
<td id="F0195DDC826928ACFB599C53E0ABFCE5" box="[1167,1205,833,855]" gridcol="3" gridrow="6" pageId="18" pageNumber="73">493</td>
<td id="F0195DDC826928ACFACB9C53E156FCE5" box="[1309,1352,833,855]" gridcol="4" gridrow="6" pageId="18" pageNumber="73">+++</td>
</tr>
<tr id="B3C834A0826928ACFF499C79E156FC33" box="[159,1352,875,897]" gridrow="7" pageId="18" pageNumber="73">
<th id="F0195DDC826928ACFF499C79E59DFC33" box="[159,387,875,897]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="18" pageNumber="73">
M 
<emphasis id="3F8CEAF08269D741FF6A9C79E4D7FC33" box="[188,201,875,897]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="73">b</emphasis>
-mastigophores
</th>
<td id="F0195DDC826928ACFE159C79E7A7FC33" box="[451,953,875,897]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="18" pageNumber="73">(9.5–19.1) x (2.3–6.7) 14.2±2.5 x 4.3±0.7</td>
<td id="F0195DDC826928ACFBD79C79E025FC33" box="[1025,1083,875,897]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="18" pageNumber="73">30/30</td>
<td id="F0195DDC826928ACFB599C79E0ABFC33" box="[1167,1205,875,897]" gridcol="3" gridrow="7" pageId="18" pageNumber="73">346</td>
<td id="F0195DDC826928ACFACB9C79E156FC33" box="[1309,1352,875,897]" gridcol="4" gridrow="7" pageId="18" pageNumber="73">++</td>
</tr>
<tr id="B3C834A0826928ACFF499C86E156FC18" box="[159,1352,916,938]" gridrow="8" pageId="18" pageNumber="73" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1">
<th id="F0195DDC826928ACFF499C86E59DFC18" box="[159,387,916,938]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="18" pageNumber="73">TENTACLES</th>
</tr>
<tr id="B3C834A0826928ACFF499CAFE156FC61" box="[159,1352,957,979]" gridrow="9" pageId="18" pageNumber="73">
<th id="F0195DDC826928ACFF499CAFE59DFC61" box="[159,387,957,979]" gridcol="0" gridrow="9" pageId="18" pageNumber="73">
M 
<emphasis id="3F8CEAF08269D741FF6A9CACE4D7FC61" box="[188,201,958,979]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="73">p</emphasis>
-amastigophores
</th>
<td id="F0195DDC826928ACFE159CAFE7A7FC61" box="[451,953,957,979]" gridcol="1" gridrow="9" pageId="18" pageNumber="73">(19.5–47.8) x (2.6–7.1) 28.8±2.7 x 4.8±0.5</td>
<td id="F0195DDC826928ACFBD79CAFE025FC61" box="[1025,1083,957,979]" gridcol="2" gridrow="9" pageId="18" pageNumber="73">30/30</td>
<td id="F0195DDC826928ACFB599CAFE0ABFC61" box="[1167,1205,957,979]" gridcol="3" gridrow="9" pageId="18" pageNumber="73">519</td>
<td id="F0195DDC826928ACFACB9CAFE156FC61" box="[1309,1352,957,979]" gridcol="4" gridrow="9" pageId="18" pageNumber="73">+++</td>
</tr>
<tr id="B3C834A0826928ACFF499CF5E156FC4F" box="[159,1352,999,1021]" gridrow="10" pageId="18" pageNumber="73">
<th id="F0195DDC826928ACFF499CF5E59DFC4F" box="[159,387,999,1021]" gridcol="0" gridrow="10" pageId="18" pageNumber="73">Basitrichs</th>
<td id="F0195DDC826928ACFE159CF5E7A7FC4F" box="[451,953,999,1021]" gridcol="1" gridrow="10" pageId="18" pageNumber="73">(9.3–25.1) x (1.4–4.9) 16.9±2.7 x 2.9±0.5</td>
<td id="F0195DDC826928ACFBD79CF5E025FC4F" box="[1025,1083,999,1021]" gridcol="2" gridrow="10" pageId="18" pageNumber="73">30/30</td>
<td id="F0195DDC826928ACFB599CF5E0ABFC4F" box="[1167,1205,999,1021]" gridcol="3" gridrow="10" pageId="18" pageNumber="73">466</td>
<td id="F0195DDC826928ACFACB9CF5E156FC4F" box="[1309,1352,999,1021]" gridcol="4" gridrow="10" pageId="18" pageNumber="73">+++</td>
</tr>
<tr id="B3C834A0826928ACFF499B02E156FB94" box="[159,1352,1040,1062]" gridrow="11" pageId="18" pageNumber="73">
<th id="F0195DDC826928ACFF499B02E59DFB94" box="[159,387,1040,1062]" gridcol="0" gridrow="11" pageId="18" pageNumber="73">Spirocysts</th>
<td id="F0195DDC826928ACFE159B02E7A7FB94" box="[451,953,1040,1062]" gridcol="1" gridrow="11" pageId="18" pageNumber="73">(9.2–30.6) x (2.1–6.6) 17.2±4.1 x 3.7±0.9</td>
<td id="F0195DDC826928ACFBD79B02E025FB94" box="[1025,1083,1040,1062]" gridcol="2" gridrow="11" pageId="18" pageNumber="73">30/30</td>
<td id="F0195DDC826928ACFB599B02E0ABFB94" box="[1167,1205,1040,1062]" gridcol="3" gridrow="11" pageId="18" pageNumber="73">585</td>
<td id="F0195DDC826928ACFACB9B02E156FB94" box="[1309,1352,1040,1062]" gridcol="4" gridrow="11" pageId="18" pageNumber="73">+++</td>
</tr>
<tr id="B3C834A0826928ACFF499B2BE156FBFD" box="[159,1352,1081,1103]" gridrow="12" pageId="18" pageNumber="73" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1">
<th id="F0195DDC826928ACFF499B2BE59DFBFD" box="[159,387,1081,1103]" gridcol="0" gridrow="12" pageId="18" pageNumber="73">ACTINOPHARYNX</th>
</tr>
<tr id="B3C834A0826928ACFF499B71E156FBCB" box="[159,1352,1123,1145]" gridrow="13" pageId="18" pageNumber="73">
<th id="F0195DDC826928ACFF499B71E59DFBCB" box="[159,387,1123,1145]" gridcol="0" gridrow="13" pageId="18" pageNumber="73">
M 
<emphasis id="3F8CEAF08269D741FF6A9B76E4D7FBCB" box="[188,201,1124,1145]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="73">p</emphasis>
-amastigophores
</th>
<td id="F0195DDC826928ACFE159B71E7A7FBCB" box="[451,953,1123,1145]" gridcol="1" gridrow="13" pageId="18" pageNumber="73">(12.1–35.9) x (2.4–6.7) 24.8±4.5 x 4.1±0.5</td>
<td id="F0195DDC826928ACFBD79B71E025FBCB" box="[1025,1083,1123,1145]" gridcol="2" gridrow="13" pageId="18" pageNumber="73">30/30</td>
<td id="F0195DDC826928ACFB599B71E0ABFBCB" box="[1167,1205,1123,1145]" gridcol="3" gridrow="13" pageId="18" pageNumber="73">563</td>
<td id="F0195DDC826928ACFACB9B71E156FBCB" box="[1309,1352,1123,1145]" gridcol="4" gridrow="13" pageId="18" pageNumber="73">+++</td>
</tr>
<tr id="B3C834A0826928ACFF499B9EE156FB10" box="[159,1352,1164,1186]" gridrow="14" pageId="18" pageNumber="73">
<th id="F0195DDC826928ACFF499B9EE59DFB10" box="[159,387,1164,1186]" gridcol="0" gridrow="14" pageId="18" pageNumber="73">Basitrichs</th>
<td id="F0195DDC826928ACFE159B9EE7A7FB10" box="[451,953,1164,1186]" gridcol="1" gridrow="14" pageId="18" pageNumber="73">(8.6–30.1) x (1.6–4.7) 17.3±4.5 x 2.9±0.5</td>
<td id="F0195DDC826928ACFBD79B9EE025FB10" box="[1025,1083,1164,1186]" gridcol="2" gridrow="14" pageId="18" pageNumber="73">30/30</td>
<td id="F0195DDC826928ACFB599B9EE0ABFB10" box="[1167,1205,1164,1186]" gridcol="3" gridrow="14" pageId="18" pageNumber="73">511</td>
<td id="F0195DDC826928ACFACB9B9EE156FB10" box="[1309,1352,1164,1186]" gridcol="4" gridrow="14" pageId="18" pageNumber="73">++</td>
</tr>
<tr id="B3C834A0826928ACFF499BA7E156FB79" box="[159,1352,1205,1227]" gridrow="15" pageId="18" pageNumber="73" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1">
<th id="F0195DDC826928ACFF499BA7E59DFB79" box="[159,387,1205,1227]" gridcol="0" gridrow="15" pageId="18" pageNumber="73">FILAMENTS</th>
</tr>
<tr id="B3C834A0826928ACFF499BCDE156FB47" box="[159,1352,1247,1269]" gridrow="16" pageId="18" pageNumber="73">
<th id="F0195DDC826928ACFF499BCDE59DFB47" box="[159,387,1247,1269]" gridcol="0" gridrow="16" pageId="18" pageNumber="73">
M 
<emphasis id="3F8CEAF08269D741FF6A9BF2E4D7FB47" box="[188,201,1248,1269]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="73">p</emphasis>
-amastigophores 1
</th>
<td id="F0195DDC826928ACFE159BCDE7A7FB47" box="[451,953,1247,1269]" gridcol="1" gridrow="16" pageId="18" pageNumber="73">(7.4–17.2) x (1.8–5.4) 11.6±1.7 x 3.3±0.5</td>
<td id="F0195DDC826928ACFBD79BCDE025FB47" box="[1025,1083,1247,1269]" gridcol="2" gridrow="16" pageId="18" pageNumber="73">30/30</td>
<td id="F0195DDC826928ACFB599BCDE0ABFB47" box="[1167,1205,1247,1269]" gridcol="3" gridrow="16" pageId="18" pageNumber="73">578</td>
<td id="F0195DDC826928ACFACB9BCDE156FB47" box="[1309,1352,1247,1269]" gridcol="4" gridrow="16" pageId="18" pageNumber="73">+++</td>
</tr>
<tr id="B3C834A0826928ACFF499A1AE156FAAC" box="[159,1352,1288,1310]" gridrow="17" pageId="18" pageNumber="73">
<th id="F0195DDC826928ACFF499A1AE59DFAAC" box="[159,387,1288,1310]" gridcol="0" gridrow="17" pageId="18" pageNumber="73">
M 
<emphasis id="3F8CEAF08269D741FF6A9A1BE4D7FAAC" box="[188,201,1289,1310]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="73">p</emphasis>
-amastigophores 2
</th>
<td id="F0195DDC826928ACFE159A1AE7A7FAAC" box="[451,953,1288,1310]" gridcol="1" gridrow="17" pageId="18" pageNumber="73">(20.1–44.7) x (1.9–7.1) 28.6±4.1 x 4.6±1.1</td>
<td id="F0195DDC826928ACFBD79A1AE025FAAC" box="[1025,1083,1288,1310]" gridcol="2" gridrow="17" pageId="18" pageNumber="73">30/30</td>
<td id="F0195DDC826928ACFB599A1AE0ABFAAC" box="[1167,1205,1288,1310]" gridcol="3" gridrow="17" pageId="18" pageNumber="73">435</td>
<td id="F0195DDC826928ACFACB9A1AE156FAAC" box="[1309,1352,1288,1310]" gridcol="4" gridrow="17" pageId="18" pageNumber="73">+++</td>
</tr>
<tr id="B3C834A0826928ACFF499A23E156FAF5" box="[159,1352,1329,1351]" gridrow="18" pageId="18" pageNumber="73">
<th id="F0195DDC826928ACFF499A23E59DFAF5" box="[159,387,1329,1351]" gridcol="0" gridrow="18" pageId="18" pageNumber="73">Basitrichs</th>
<td id="F0195DDC826928ACFE159A23E7A7FAF5" box="[451,953,1329,1351]" gridcol="1" gridrow="18" pageId="18" pageNumber="73">(7.7–29.1) x (1.1–6.2) 18.1±6.1 x 2.8±0.6</td>
<td id="F0195DDC826928ACFBD79A23E025FAF5" box="[1025,1083,1329,1351]" gridcol="2" gridrow="18" pageId="18" pageNumber="73">24/30</td>
<td id="F0195DDC826928ACFB599A23E0ABFAF5" box="[1167,1205,1329,1351]" gridcol="3" gridrow="18" pageId="18" pageNumber="73">261</td>
<td id="F0195DDC826928ACFACB9A23E156FAF5" box="[1309,1352,1329,1351]" gridcol="4" gridrow="18" pageId="18" pageNumber="73">+</td>
</tr>
<tr id="B3C834A0826928ACFF499A49E156FAC3" box="[159,1352,1371,1393]" gridrow="19" pageId="18" pageNumber="73" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1">
<th id="F0195DDC826928ACFF499A49E59DFAC3" box="[159,387,1371,1393]" gridcol="0" gridrow="19" pageId="18" pageNumber="73">ACONTIA</th>
</tr>
<tr id="B3C834A0826928ACFF499A96E156FA28" box="[159,1352,1412,1434]" gridrow="20" pageId="18" pageNumber="73">
<th id="F0195DDC826928ACFF499A96E59DFA28" box="[159,387,1412,1434]" gridcol="0" gridrow="20" pageId="18" pageNumber="73">
M 
<emphasis id="3F8CEAF08269D741FF6A9A97E4D7FA28" box="[188,201,1413,1434]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="73">p</emphasis>
-amastigophores 1
</th>
<td id="F0195DDC826928ACFE159A96E7A7FA28" box="[451,953,1412,1434]" gridcol="1" gridrow="20" pageId="18" pageNumber="73">(10.4–31.2) x (1.9–6.2) 18.9±4.9 x 3.5±0.8</td>
<td id="F0195DDC826928ACFBD79A96E025FA28" box="[1025,1083,1412,1434]" gridcol="2" gridrow="20" pageId="18" pageNumber="73">26/30</td>
<td id="F0195DDC826928ACFB599A96E0ABFA28" box="[1167,1205,1412,1434]" gridcol="3" gridrow="20" pageId="18" pageNumber="73">282</td>
<td id="F0195DDC826928ACFACB9A96E156FA28" box="[1309,1352,1412,1434]" gridcol="4" gridrow="20" pageId="18" pageNumber="73">+</td>
</tr>
<tr id="B3C834A0826928ACFF499ABFE156FA71" box="[159,1352,1453,1475]" gridrow="21" pageId="18" pageNumber="73">
<th id="F0195DDC826928ACFF499ABFE59DFA71" box="[159,387,1453,1475]" gridcol="0" gridrow="21" pageId="18" pageNumber="73">
M 
<emphasis id="3F8CEAF08269D741FF6A9ABCE4D7FA71" box="[188,201,1454,1475]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="73">p</emphasis>
-amastigophores 2
</th>
<td id="F0195DDC826928ACFE159ABFE7A7FA71" box="[451,953,1453,1475]" gridcol="1" gridrow="21" pageId="18" pageNumber="73">(44.9–85.2) x (5.1–12.1) 62.1±6.1 x 7.7±1.3</td>
<td id="F0195DDC826928ACFBD79ABFE025FA71" box="[1025,1083,1453,1475]" gridcol="2" gridrow="21" pageId="18" pageNumber="73">30/30</td>
<td id="F0195DDC826928ACFB599ABFE0ABFA71" box="[1167,1205,1453,1475]" gridcol="3" gridrow="21" pageId="18" pageNumber="73">439</td>
<td id="F0195DDC826928ACFACB9ABFE156FA71" box="[1309,1352,1453,1475]" gridcol="4" gridrow="21" pageId="18" pageNumber="73">+++</td>
</tr>
<tr id="B3C834A0826928ACFF499AC5E156FA5F" box="[159,1352,1495,1517]" gridrow="22" pageId="18" pageNumber="73">
<th id="F0195DDC826928ACFF499AC5E59DFA5F" box="[159,387,1495,1517]" gridcol="0" gridrow="22" pageId="18" pageNumber="73">Basitrichs</th>
<td id="F0195DDC826928ACFE159AC5E7A7FA5F" box="[451,953,1495,1517]" gridcol="1" gridrow="22" pageId="18" pageNumber="73">(13.4–34.4) x (2.1–4.4) 24.1±2.5 x 2.9±0.4</td>
<td id="F0195DDC826928ACFBD79AC5E025FA5F" box="[1025,1083,1495,1517]" gridcol="2" gridrow="22" pageId="18" pageNumber="73">30/30</td>
<td id="F0195DDC826928ACFB599AC5E0ABFA5F" box="[1167,1205,1495,1517]" gridcol="3" gridrow="22" pageId="18" pageNumber="73">498</td>
<td id="F0195DDC826928ACFACB9AC5E156FA5F" box="[1309,1352,1495,1517]" gridcol="4" gridrow="22" pageId="18" pageNumber="73">+++</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0D4736E28269D741FF119923E021F803" blockId="18.[151,1436,1585,2006]" pageId="18" pageNumber="73">
<emphasis id="3F8CEAF08269D741FF119923E6DFF9F8" bold="true" box="[199,705,1585,1610]" pageId="18" pageNumber="73">Geographic and bathymetric distribution.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="CAF84D618269D741FD1F9921E787F9F8" box="[713,921,1585,1610]" class="Anthozoa" family="Aiptasiidae" genus="Exaiptasia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="18" pageNumber="73" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="pallida" status="comb. nov.">
<emphasis id="3F8CEAF08269D741FD1F9921E787F9F8" box="[713,921,1585,1610]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="73">Exaiptasia pallida</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="24BF578B8269D741FC749923E03EF9FB" box="[930,1056,1585,1610]" pageId="18" pageNumber="73">comb. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
is a widespread species recorded worldwide along the northwestern Atlantic coast (
<bibRefCitation id="69694B138269D741FD0F9947E776F9DC" author="Fautin" box="[729,872,1621,1646]" pageId="18" pageNumber="73" refString="Fautin, D. G. (2013) Hexacorallians of the World. Available from: http: // geoportal. kgs. ku. edu / hexacoral / anemone 2 / index. cfm. (3 June 2013)." type="journal article" year="2013">Fautin 2013</bibRefCitation>
), the Gulf of 
<collectingCountry id="75EF76728269D741FBDF9947E040F9DC" box="[1033,1118,1621,1646]" name="Mexico" pageId="18" pageNumber="73">Mexico</collectingCountry>
(e.g. 
<bibRefCitation id="69694B138269D741FB729944E13FF9DC" author="Cary" box="[1188,1313,1621,1646]" pageId="18" pageNumber="73" refString="Cary L. R. (1906) A contribution to the fauna of the coast of Louisiana. Gulf Biologic Station Bulletin, 6, 50 - 59." type="journal article" year="1906">Cary 1906</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="69694B138269D741FAF99944E500F920" author="Gunter" pageId="18" pageNumber="73" refString="Gunter, G. &amp; Geyer, R. A. (1955) Studies on fouling organisms of the northwest Gulf of Mexico. Publications of the Institute of Marine Science (University of Texas), 4 (1), 38 - 67." type="journal article" year="1955">Gunter &amp; Geyer 1955</bibRefCitation>
) and the Caribbean Sea (e.g. 
<bibRefCitation id="69694B138269D741FDA1996BE7B8F920" author="Silbiger" box="[631,934,1657,1682]" pageId="18" pageNumber="73" refString="Silbiger, N. J. &amp; Childress, M. J. (2008) Interspecific variation in anemone shrimp distribution and host selection in the Florida Keys (USA): implications for marine conservation. Bulletin of Marine Science, 83 (2), 329 - 345." type="journal article" year="2008">Silbiger &amp; Childress 2008</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="69694B138269D741FC63996BE11EF920" author="Gonzalez-Munoz" box="[949,1280,1657,1682]" pageId="18" pageNumber="73" refString="Gonzalez-Munoz, R., Simoes, N., Sanchez-Rodriguez, J., Rodriguez, E. &amp; Segura-Puertas, L. (2012) First inventory of sea anemones (Cnidaria: Actiniaria) of the Mexican Caribbean. Zootaxa, 3556, 1 - 38." type="journal article" year="2012">
González-Muñoz 
<emphasis id="3F8CEAF08269D741FB569969E0A5F920" box="[1152,1211,1657,1682]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="73">et al.</emphasis>
2012
</bibRefCitation>
), the coast of 
<collectingCountry id="75EF76728269D741FF41998FE4C5F904" box="[151,219,1693,1718]" name="Brazil" pageId="18" pageNumber="73">Brazil</collectingCountry>
in the southwestern Atlantic Ocean (e.g. 
<bibRefCitation id="69694B138269D741FD14998CE74DF904" author="Correa" box="[706,851,1693,1718]" pageId="18" pageNumber="73" refString="Correa, D. D. (1964) Corallimorpharia e Actiniaria do Atlantico Oeste Tropical. Universidade de Sao Paulo, 39 pp." type="book" year="1964">Corrêa 1964</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="69694B138269D741FCB7998CE782F904" author="Correa" box="[865,924,1694,1718]" pageId="18" pageNumber="73" refString="Correa, D. D. (1973) Sobre anemonas-do-mar (Actiniaria) do Brasil. Boletim de Zoologia e Biologia Marinha, 30, 457 - 468." type="journal article" year="1973">1973</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="69694B138269D741FC7D998FE033F904" author="Dube" box="[939,1069,1693,1718]" pageId="18" pageNumber="73" refString="Dube, V. M. (1983) Contribuicao ao estudo de anemonas-do-mar do esta do da bahia. Natura, 83, 82 - 93." type="journal article" year="1983">Dube 1983</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="69694B138269D741FBEA998FE0E1F904" author="Pires" box="[1084,1279,1693,1718]" pageId="18" pageNumber="73" refString="Pires, D. D. O., Migotto, A. E. &amp; Marques, A. C. (1992) Cnidarios bentonicos do Arquipelago de Fernando de Noronha, Brasil. Boletim do Museu Nacional (Rio de Janeiro), NS Zoologia, 354, 1 - 21." type="journal article" year="1992">
Pires 
<emphasis id="3F8CEAF08269D741FBA8998CE0A4F904" box="[1150,1210,1693,1718]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="73">et al.</emphasis>
1992
</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="69694B138269D741FADB998CE4CCF968" author="Castro" pageId="18" pageNumber="73" refString="Castro, C. B., Echeverria, C. A., Pires, D. O., Mascarenhas, B. J. A. &amp; Freitas, S. G. (1995) Infralittoral hard bottom distribution of Cnidaria and Echinodermata in Arraial do Cabo, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Revista Brasileira de Biologia, 55 (3), 471 - 480." type="journal article" year="1995">
Castro 
<emphasis id="3F8CEAF08269D741FAB7998CE182F904" box="[1377,1436,1693,1718]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="73">et al.</emphasis>
1995
</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="69694B138269D741FF0899D3E5C5F968" author="Echeverria" box="[222,475,1729,1754]" pageId="18" pageNumber="73" refString="Echeverria, C. A., Pires, D. O., Mederios, M. S. &amp; Castro, C. B. (1997) Cnidarians of the Atol das rocas, Brazil. Proceedings of the Eight International Coral Reef Symposium, 1, 443 - 446." type="journal article" year="1997">
Echeverria 
<emphasis id="3F8CEAF08269D741FE8999D1E586F968" box="[351,408,1729,1754]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="73">et al.</emphasis>
1997
</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="69694B138269D741FE3199D3E691F968" author="Zamponi" box="[487,655,1729,1754]" pageId="18" pageNumber="73" refString="Zamponi, M. O., Belem, M. J., Schlenz, E. &amp; Acuna, F. H. (1998) Distribution and some ecological aspects of Corallimorpharia and Actiniaria from shallow waters of the South American Atlantic coasts. Physis, 55, 31 - 45." type="journal article" year="1998">Zamponi 1998</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="69694B138269D741FD4A99D3E78DF968" author="Farrapeira" box="[668,915,1729,1754]" pageId="18" pageNumber="73" refString="Farrapeira, C. M. R., Melo, A. V. D. O. M., Barbosa, D. F. &amp; Silva, K. M. E. D. (2007) Ship hull fouling in the Port of Recife, Pernambuco. Brazilian Journal of Oceanography, 55 (3), 207 - 221. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1590 / s 1679 - 87592007000300005" type="journal article" year="2007">
Farrapeira 
<emphasis id="3F8CEAF08269D741FCC099D1E751F968" box="[790,847,1729,1754]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="73">et al.</emphasis>
2007
</bibRefCitation>
), Galapagos Islands (Fautin 
<emphasis id="3F8CEAF08269D741FB0399D1E110F968" box="[1237,1294,1729,1754]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="73">et al.</emphasis>
2007b), and 
<collectingCountry id="75EF76728269D741FF4199F7E51FF94C" box="[151,257,1765,1790]" name="Australia" pageId="18" pageNumber="73">Australia</collectingCountry>
. As a consequence of this study, we extend the distribution of the species to the Mediterranean Sea and western Africa (geographic distribution of the former 
<emphasis id="3F8CEAF08269D741FCD19818E7FCF890" box="[775,994,1801,1826]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="73">
<taxonomicName id="CAF84D618269D741FCD19818E7C4F890" box="[775,986,1801,1826]" class="Anthozoa" family="Aiptasiidae" genus="Aiptasia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="18" pageNumber="73" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="diaphana">Aiptasia diaphana</taxonomicName>
)
</emphasis>
, the east and west Pacific coasts (e.g. California [geographic distribution of former 
<taxonomicName id="CAF84D618269D741FD4F983CE72DF8F4" box="[665,819,1837,1862]" class="Anthozoa" family="Aiptasiidae" genus="Aiptasia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="18" pageNumber="73" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="californica">
<emphasis id="3F8CEAF08269D741FD4F983CE72DF8F4" box="[665,819,1837,1862]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="73">A. californica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
], 
<collectingCountry id="75EF76728269D741FC9D983CE795F8F7" box="[843,907,1838,1861]" name="Japan" pageId="18" pageNumber="73">Japan</collectingCountry>
and Hawaii [geographic distribution of former 
<taxonomicName id="CAF84D618269D741FF419840E500F8D8" box="[151,286,1873,1898]" class="Anthozoa" family="Aiptasiidae" genus="Aipstasia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="18" pageNumber="73" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="pulchella">
<emphasis id="3F8CEAF08269D741FF419840E500F8D8" box="[151,286,1873,1898]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="73">A. pulchella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
]), and 
<collectingCountry id="75EF76728269D741FEB89843E5E0F8D8" box="[366,510,1873,1898]" name="Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha" pageId="18" pageNumber="73">Saint Helena</collectingCountry>
Island (geographic distribution of former 
<taxonomicName id="CAF84D618269D741FC019840E053F8D8" box="[983,1101,1874,1898]" class="Anthozoa" family="Aiptasiidae" genus="Aiptasia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="18" pageNumber="73" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="insignis">
<emphasis id="3F8CEAF08269D741FC019840E053F8D8" box="[983,1101,1874,1898]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="73">A. insignis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). We provide new records for 
<collectingCountry id="75EF76728269D741FF419867E4C0F83C" box="[151,222,1909,1934]" name="Brazil" pageId="18" pageNumber="73">Brazil</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="75EF76728269D741FF3C9867E54AF83C" box="[234,340,1909,1934]" name="Australia" pageId="18" pageNumber="73">Australia</collectingCountry>
, and 
<collectingCountry id="75EF76728269D741FE469864E5F7F83F" box="[400,489,1910,1933]" name="Panama" pageId="18" pageNumber="73">Panama</collectingCountry>
(Appendix 1). 
<taxonomicName id="CAF84D618269D741FD419864E778F83C" box="[663,870,1909,1934]" class="Anthozoa" family="Aiptasiidae" genus="Exaiptasia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="18" pageNumber="73" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="pallida" status="comb. nov.">
<emphasis id="3F8CEAF08269D741FD419864E778F83C" box="[663,870,1909,1934]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="73">Exaiptasia pallida</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="24BF578B8269D741FCB89867E7F2F83F" box="[878,1004,1909,1934]" pageId="18" pageNumber="73">comb. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
is a tropical and subtropical, shallowwater subtidal species, preferring calm and protected waters, found between 
<quantity id="CA009B078269D741FC27988BE025F803" box="[1009,1083,1945,1970]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="0.0" pageId="18" pageNumber="73" unit="m" value="2.5" valueMax="5.0" valueMin="0.0">
0– 
<specimenCount id="1BFEFD6B8269D741FBD9988BE025F803" box="[1039,1083,1945,1970]" pageId="18" pageNumber="73" type="generic">5 m</specimenCount>
</quantity>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="45E265698269D740FF1198AFE74EFD7E" lastPageId="19" lastPageNumber="74" pageId="18" pageNumber="73" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="0D4736E28269D740FF1198AFE74EFD7E" blockId="18.[151,1436,1585,2006]" lastBlockId="19.[151,1437,151,1653]" lastPageId="19" lastPageNumber="74" pageId="18" pageNumber="73">
<emphasis id="3F8CEAF08269D741FF1198AFE5A0F864" bold="true" box="[199,446,1981,2006]" pageId="18" pageNumber="73">Taxonomic remarks.</emphasis>
The genus 
<taxonomicName id="CAF84D618269D741FD9298ACE6BFF867" box="[580,673,1982,2005]" class="Anthozoa" family="Aiptasiidae" genus="Aiptasia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="18" pageNumber="73" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="3F8CEAF08269D741FD9298ACE6BFF867" box="[580,673,1982,2005]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="73">Aiptasia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
currently includes 13 nominal species (
<bibRefCitation id="69694B138269D741FBB098AFE0EBF864" author="Fautin" box="[1126,1269,1981,2006]" pageId="18" pageNumber="73" refString="Fautin, D. G. (2013) Hexacorallians of the World. Available from: http: // geoportal. kgs. ku. edu / hexacoral / anemone 2 / index. cfm. (3 June 2013)." type="journal article" year="2013">Fautin 2013</bibRefCitation>
). Two of these species (
<taxonomicName id="CAF84D618268D740FF2A9F8AE596FF02" box="[252,392,151,176]" class="Anthozoa" family="Aiptasiidae" genus="Aiptasia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="19" pageNumber="74" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="mutabilis">
<emphasis id="3F8CEAF08268D740FF2A9F8AE596FF02" box="[252,392,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="74">A. mutabilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="CAF84D618268D740FE119F8AE633FF02" box="[455,557,152,176]" class="Anthozoa" family="Aiptasiidae" genus="Aiptasia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="19" pageNumber="74" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="prima">
<emphasis id="3F8CEAF08268D740FE119F8AE633FF02" box="[455,557,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="74">A. prima</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) we consider to belong within 
<taxonomicName id="CAF84D618268D740FC759F8AE01EFF1D" box="[931,1024,152,175]" class="Anthozoa" family="Aiptasiidae" genus="Aiptasia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="19" pageNumber="74" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="3F8CEAF08268D740FC759F8AE01EFF1D" box="[931,1024,152,175]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="74">Aiptasia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(see 
<emphasis id="3F8CEAF08268D740FB929F8BE13AFF02" box="[1092,1316,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="74">Taxonomic remarks</emphasis>
following treatment of 
<taxonomicName id="CAF84D618268D740FEFC9FAEE599FF61" box="[298,391,188,211]" class="Anthozoa" family="Aiptasiidae" genus="Aiptasia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="19" pageNumber="74" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="3F8CEAF08268D740FEFC9FAEE599FF61" box="[298,391,188,211]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="74">Aiptasia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, above). Descriptions of most of the other 11 species are incomplete by modern standards, particularly those of species within the Caribbean Sea (
<bibRefCitation id="69694B138268D740FCC89FCDE071FF4A" author="Gonzalez-Munoz" box="[798,1135,223,248]" pageId="19" pageNumber="74" refString="Gonzalez-Munoz, R., Simoes, N., Sanchez-Rodriguez, J., Rodriguez, E. &amp; Segura-Puertas, L. (2012) First inventory of sea anemones (Cnidaria: Actiniaria) of the Mexican Caribbean. Zootaxa, 3556, 1 - 38." type="journal article" year="2012">
González-Muñoz 
<emphasis id="3F8CEAF08268D740FC3A9FF3E037FF4A" box="[1004,1065,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="74">et al.</emphasis>
2012
</bibRefCitation>
), and 
<typeStatus id="D24388408268D740FB6F9FF2E0F7FF4A" box="[1209,1257,224,248]" pageId="19" pageNumber="74">type</typeStatus>
material is not available in most cases. Differences among these species are usually the lack of several characters—such as rows of cinclides or the marginal sphincter muscle—which are sometimes variable but also difficult to detect in some preserved specimens (e.g. differences between 
<taxonomicName id="CAF84D618268D740FD7E9E5EE709FED6" box="[680,791,332,356]" class="Anthozoa" family="Aiptasiidae" genus="Aiptasia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="19" pageNumber="74" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="tagetes">
<emphasis id="3F8CEAF08268D740FD7E9E5EE709FED6" box="[680,791,332,356]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="74">A. tagetes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<emphasis id="3F8CEAF08268D740FC989E5EE0F8FED7" box="[846,1254,332,357]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="74">
<taxonomicName id="CAF84D618268D740FC989E5EE7F5FED7" box="[846,1003,332,357]" class="Anthozoa" family="Aiptasiomorphidae" genus="Aiptasiomorpha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="19" pageNumber="74" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="leiodactyla">A. leiodactyla</taxonomicName>
vs. 
<taxonomicName id="CAF84D618268D740FBCE9E5FE0F8FED7" box="[1048,1254,332,357]" class="Anthozoa" family="Aiptasiidae" genus="Exaiptasia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="19" pageNumber="74" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="pallida" status="comb. nov.">Exaiptasia pallida</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="24BF578B8268D740FB389E5EE173FED6" box="[1262,1389,332,357]" pageId="19" pageNumber="74">comb. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, see 
<bibRefCitation id="69694B138268D740FF419E7DE5C5FE3A" author="Gonzalez-Munoz" box="[151,475,367,392]" pageId="19" pageNumber="74" refString="Gonzalez-Munoz, R., Simoes, N., Sanchez-Rodriguez, J., Rodriguez, E. &amp; Segura-Puertas, L. (2012) First inventory of sea anemones (Cnidaria: Actiniaria) of the Mexican Caribbean. Zootaxa, 3556, 1 - 38." type="journal article" year="2012">
González-Muñoz 
<emphasis id="3F8CEAF08268D740FEB69E63E586FE3A" box="[352,408,367,392]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="74">et al.</emphasis>
2012
</bibRefCitation>
). Despite detailed examination of morphology and cnidae of newly-collected material from almost all localities reported for the 11 putative species (except 
<collectingCountry id="75EF76728268D740FC179E86E049FE1F" box="[961,1111,404,429]" name="South Africa" pageId="19" pageNumber="74">South Africa</collectingCountry>
, South 
<collectingCountry id="75EF76728268D740FB679E86E10FFE1F" box="[1201,1297,404,429]" name="Trinidad and Tobago" pageId="19" pageNumber="74">Trinidad</collectingCountry>
Islands and 
<collectingCountry id="75EF76728268D740FF419EA5E537FE62" box="[151,297,439,464]" name="Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha" pageId="19" pageNumber="74">Saint Helena</collectingCountry>
, see Appendix 1), we did not find any constant morphological features that would distinguish 
<taxonomicName id="CAF84D618268D740FAE89EAAE4F8FE47" class="Anthozoa" family="Aiptasiidae" genus="Aiptasia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="19" pageNumber="74" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="pallida">
<emphasis id="3F8CEAF08268D740FAE89EAAE4F8FE47" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="74">Aiptasia pallida</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<emphasis id="3F8CEAF08268D740FF239ECEE041FE47" box="[245,1119,476,501]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="74">
<taxonomicName id="CAF84D618268D740FF239ECEE58AFE47" box="[245,404,476,501]" class="Anthozoa" family="Aiptasiidae" genus="Aiptasia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="19" pageNumber="74" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="californica">A. californica</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="CAF84D618268D740FE769ECEE630FE47" box="[416,558,476,501]" class="Anthozoa" family="Aiptasiidae" genus="Aiptasia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="19" pageNumber="74" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="diaphana">A. diaphana</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="CAF84D618268D740FDEC9ECEE688FE47" box="[570,662,476,501]" class="Anthozoa" family="Aiptasiidae" genus="Aiptasia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="19" pageNumber="74" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="inula">A. inula</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="CAF84D618268D740FD759ECEE75DFE47" box="[675,835,476,501]" class="Anthozoa" family="Aiptasiomorphidae" genus="Aiptasiomorpha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="19" pageNumber="74" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="leiodactyla">A. leiodactyla</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="CAF84D618268D740FC999ECEE7D4FE46" box="[847,970,476,500]" class="Anthozoa" family="Aiptasiidae" genus="Aiptasia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="19" pageNumber="74" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="mimosa">A. mimosa</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="CAF84D618268D740FC009ECEE041FE47" box="[982,1119,476,501]" class="Anthozoa" family="Aiptasiidae" genus="Aipstasia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="19" pageNumber="74" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="pulchella">A. pulchella</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
and 
<taxonomicName id="CAF84D618268D740FB4E9ECEE119FE46" box="[1176,1287,476,500]" class="Anthozoa" family="Aiptasiidae" genus="Aiptasia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="19" pageNumber="74" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="tagetes">
<emphasis id="3F8CEAF08268D740FB4E9ECEE119FE46" box="[1176,1287,476,500]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="74">A. tagetes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Appendix 2 lists cnida data of examined populations by geographical regions (i.e. east Atlantic and Caribbean Sea, west Atlantic, Pacific Ocean). Although we found slight differences in the size ranges of cnidae among a few localities, most notably longer microbasic 
<emphasis id="3F8CEAF08268D740FDD29D5BE60CFDD2" box="[516,530,585,608]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="74">p</emphasis>
-amastigophores (2) in the filaments of specimens from Hawaii (to 35 Μm 
<emphasis id="3F8CEAF08268D740FAB69D5BE160FDD2" box="[1376,1406,585,608]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="74">vs.</emphasis>
to 45 Μm), the ranges always overlap. We do not consider these differences sufficient to distinguish species. Furthermore, molecular evidence supports a single, widely distributed species (Grajales 2014). Thus, we synonymize the former seven species as 
<taxonomicName id="CAF84D618268D740FD889DA7E6D2FD7F" box="[606,716,692,717]" class="Anthozoa" family="Aiptasiidae" genus="Aiptasia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="19" pageNumber="74" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="pallida" status="comb. nov.">
<emphasis id="3F8CEAF08268D740FD889DA7E6D2FD7F" box="[606,716,692,717]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="74">E. pallida</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="24BF578B8268D740FD029DA6E74EFD7E" box="[724,848,692,717]" pageId="19" pageNumber="74">comb. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="45E265698268D740FF119DCAE5F6F9C6" pageId="19" pageNumber="74" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="0D4736E28268D740FF119DCAE13CFC7A" blockId="19.[151,1437,151,1653]" pageId="19" pageNumber="74">
<taxonomicName id="CAF84D618268D740FF119DCAE601FD42" ID-CoL="c54de14e-e0f1-4645-ab73-c7191fc1f6aa" authority="Verrill, 1867" authorityName="Verrill" authorityYear="1867" box="[199,543,727,752]" class="Anthozoa" family="Aiptasiidae" genus="Aiptasia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="19" pageNumber="74" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="minuta">
<emphasis id="3F8CEAF08268D740FF119DCAE567FD42" box="[199,377,728,752]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="74">Aiptasia minuta</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="69694B138268D740FE519DC5E609FD42" author="Verrill" box="[391,535,727,752]" pageId="19" pageNumber="74" refString="Verrill, A. E. (1867) Madreporaria. Communications of the Essex Institute, 5, 33 - 50." type="journal article" year="1867">Verrill, 1867</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
is described from 
<collectingCountry id="75EF76728268D740FD389DCAE72FFD5D" box="[750,817,728,751]" name="Japan" pageId="19" pageNumber="74">Japan</collectingCountry>
, adjacent to the known range to the former 
<taxonomicName id="CAF84D618268D740FAC39DCAE182FD42" ID-CoL="f2c5d570-ac4e-4b37-aff8-c87215985564" box="[1301,1436,727,752]" class="Anthozoa" family="Aiptasiidae" genus="Aipstasia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="19" pageNumber="74" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="pulchella">
<emphasis id="3F8CEAF08268D740FAC39DCAE182FD42" box="[1301,1436,727,752]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="74">A. pulchella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(now 
<taxonomicName id="CAF84D618268D740FF0E9DEFE559FCA7" ID-CoL="61eb11ac-225c-4566-b26f-780aee2d1265" box="[216,327,764,789]" class="Anthozoa" family="Aiptasiidae" genus="Aiptasia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="19" pageNumber="74" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="pallida" status="comb. nov.">
<emphasis id="3F8CEAF08268D740FF0E9DEFE559FCA7" box="[216,327,764,789]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="74">E. pallida</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="24BF578B8268D740FE999DEEE5CEFCA6" box="[335,464,764,789]" pageId="19" pageNumber="74">comb. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
). Although Verrill (1866) did not mention cinclides in this species, he described small low prominences in the column that might correspond to cinclides. 
<bibRefCitation id="69694B138268D740FC729C0DE0C1FC8A" author="Uchida" box="[932,1247,799,824]" pageId="19" pageNumber="74" refString="Uchida, H. &amp; Soyama, I. (2001) Sea Anemones in Japanese Waters. TBS, Japan, 157 pp." type="book" year="2001">Uchida and Soyama (2001)</bibRefCitation>
placed it within 
<taxonomicName id="CAF84D618268D740FF419C56E630FCEE" ID-CoL="7NNCX" authority="Stephenson, 1920" authorityName="Stephenson" authorityYear="1920" box="[151,558,836,861]" class="Anthozoa" family="Aiptasiomorphidae" genus="Aiptasiomorpha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="19" pageNumber="74" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="3F8CEAF08268D740FF419C56E552FCEF" box="[151,332,836,861]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="74">Aiptasiomorpha</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="69694B138268D740FE8C9C56E638FCEE" author="Stephenson" box="[346,550,836,861]" pageId="19" pageNumber="74" refString="Stephenson, T. A. (1920) On the classification of Actiniaria. I. The Quarterly Journal of Microscopical Science, 64, 425 - 574." type="journal article" year="1920">Stephenson, 1920</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
, which implies that they did not see a marginal sphincter muscle (see 
<bibRefCitation id="69694B138268D740FAEC9C56E4CDFC32" author="Carlgren" pageId="19" pageNumber="74" refString="Carlgren, O. (1949) A survey of the Ptychodactiaria, Corallimorpharia and Actiniaria. Kungliga Svenska Vetenskaps - Akademiens Handlingar, series 4, 1 (1), 1 - 121." type="journal article" year="1949">Carlgren 1949</bibRefCitation>
). However, 
<bibRefCitation id="69694B138268D740FEB49C75E6BDFC32" author="Uchida" box="[354,675,871,896]" pageId="19" pageNumber="74" refString="Uchida, H. &amp; Soyama, I. (2001) Sea Anemones in Japanese Waters. TBS, Japan, 157 pp." type="book" year="2001">Uchida and Soyama (2001)</bibRefCitation>
did not describe the species or provide cnida data because their publication is not a taxonomic work but a guidebook. In addition, cinclides are easily overlooked, and thus we consider this species to correspond to 
<taxonomicName id="CAF84D618268D740FD979CA3E6B1FC7A" ID-CoL="61eb11ac-225c-4566-b26f-780aee2d1265" box="[577,687,943,968]" class="Anthozoa" family="Aiptasiidae" genus="Aiptasia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="19" pageNumber="74" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="pallida" status="comb. nov.">
<emphasis id="3F8CEAF08268D740FD979CA3E6B1FC7A" box="[577,687,943,968]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="74">E. pallida</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="24BF578B8268D740FD609CBDE72CFC75" box="[694,818,943,968]" pageId="19" pageNumber="74">comb. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
(as a synonymy of the former 
<taxonomicName id="CAF84D618268D740FB5C9CA2E10FFC7A" ID-CoL="f2c5d570-ac4e-4b37-aff8-c87215985564" box="[1162,1297,943,968]" class="Anthozoa" family="Aiptasiidae" genus="Aipstasia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="19" pageNumber="74" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="pulchella">
<emphasis id="3F8CEAF08268D740FB5C9CA2E10FFC7A" box="[1162,1297,943,968]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="74">A. pulchella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0D4736E28268D740FF119CC6E603FA9D" blockId="19.[151,1437,151,1653]" pageId="19" pageNumber="74">
<bibRefCitation id="69694B138268D740FF119CC6E562FC5E" author="Carlgren" box="[199,380,980,1005]" pageId="19" pageNumber="74" refString="Carlgren, O. (1941) Papers from Dr. Th. Mortensen's Pacific Expedition 1914 - 16. LXX. The Actiniaria and Zoantharia of St. Helena. Videnskabelige Meddelelser fra Dansk Naturhistorisk Forening (Copenhagen), 105, 1 - 20." type="journal article" year="1941">Carlgren (1941)</bibRefCitation>
described in brief 
<taxonomicName id="CAF84D618268D740FD8E9CC6E708FC5E" ID-CoL="6673D" box="[600,790,980,1004]" class="Anthozoa" family="Aiptasiidae" genus="Aiptasia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="19" pageNumber="74" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="insignis">
<emphasis id="3F8CEAF08268D740FD8E9CC6E708FC5E" box="[600,790,980,1004]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="74">Aiptasia insignis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from 
<collectingCountry id="75EF76728268D740FC899CC6E7EFFC5F" box="[863,1009,980,1005]" name="Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha" pageId="19" pageNumber="74">Saint Helena</collectingCountry>
Island; he noted that it resembled 
<taxonomicName id="CAF84D618268D740FA529CC6E4F7FBA2" ID-CoL="BCT8" class="Anthozoa" family="Aiptasiidae" genus="Aiptasia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="19" pageNumber="74" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="couchii">
<emphasis id="3F8CEAF08268D740FA529CC6E18BFC59" box="[1412,1429,980,1003]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="74">A</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="3F8CEAF08268D740FF419CE5E4F7FBA2" box="[151,233,1015,1040]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="74">couchii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. However, as described, this species fits 
<taxonomicName id="CAF84D618268D740FD119CEBE721FBA2" ID-CoL="7PFMP" box="[711,831,1017,1040]" class="Anthozoa" family="Aiptasiidae" genus="Exaiptasia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="19" pageNumber="74" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
<emphasis id="3F8CEAF08268D740FD119CEBE721FBA2" box="[711,831,1017,1040]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="74">Exaiptasia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="24BF578B8268D740FC9E9CEAE7AFFBBD" box="[840,945,1016,1040]" pageId="19" pageNumber="74" rank="genus">gen. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
better than 
<taxonomicName id="CAF84D618268D740FBEB9CEAE084FBBD" ID-CoL="7NNCT" box="[1085,1178,1016,1039]" class="Anthozoa" family="Aiptasiidae" genus="Aiptasia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="19" pageNumber="74" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="3F8CEAF08268D740FBEB9CEAE084FBBD" box="[1085,1178,1016,1039]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="74">Aiptasia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, especially in the size range of the longer microbasic 
<emphasis id="3F8CEAF08268D740FDC49B0FE63EFB86" box="[530,544,1053,1076]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="74">p</emphasis>
-amastigophores of the acontia (55–70.5 µm in length) and the geographic distribution (tropical and subtropical). The marginal sphincter muscle is slightly weaker in 
<taxonomicName id="CAF84D618268D740FB7C9B52E13DFBEA" ID-CoL="6673D" box="[1194,1315,1088,1112]" class="Anthozoa" family="Aiptasiidae" genus="Aiptasia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="19" pageNumber="74" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="insignis">
<emphasis id="3F8CEAF08268D740FB7C9B52E13DFBEA" box="[1194,1315,1088,1112]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="74">A. insignis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
than in 
<taxonomicName id="CAF84D618268D740FA529B53E4F8FBCF" ID-CoL="61eb11ac-225c-4566-b26f-780aee2d1265" class="Anthozoa" family="Aiptasiidae" genus="Aiptasia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="19" pageNumber="74" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="pallida" status="comb. nov.">
<emphasis id="3F8CEAF08268D740FA529B53E4F8FBCF" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="74">E. pallida</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="24BF578B8268D740FF3A9B76E576FBCE" box="[236,360,1124,1149]" pageId="19" pageNumber="74">comb. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
(see 
<bibRefCitation id="69694B138268D740FE779B76E65AFBCE" author="Carlgren" box="[417,580,1124,1149]" pageId="19" pageNumber="74" refString="Carlgren, O. (1941) Papers from Dr. Th. Mortensen's Pacific Expedition 1914 - 16. LXX. The Actiniaria and Zoantharia of St. Helena. Videnskabelige Meddelelser fra Dansk Naturhistorisk Forening (Copenhagen), 105, 1 - 20." type="journal article" year="1941">Carlgren 1941</bibRefCitation>
, fig. 8) and there are few differences in cnidae (mainly narrower sizes ranges than those of 
<taxonomicName id="CAF84D618268D740FEE59B9BE5BAFB12" ID-CoL="61eb11ac-225c-4566-b26f-780aee2d1265" box="[307,420,1159,1184]" class="Anthozoa" family="Aiptasiidae" genus="Aiptasia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="19" pageNumber="74" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="pallida" status="comb. nov.">
<emphasis id="3F8CEAF08268D740FEE59B9BE5BAFB12" box="[307,420,1159,1184]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="74">E. pallida</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="24BF578B8268D740FE7A9B95E637FB12" box="[428,553,1159,1184]" pageId="19" pageNumber="74">comb. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
and absence of small categories of cnidae). However, our examination of the 
<typeStatus id="D24388408268D740FF419BBFE4D9FB77" box="[151,199,1197,1221]" pageId="19" pageNumber="74">type</typeStatus>
material of 
<taxonomicName id="CAF84D618268D740FE859BBEE5D4FB76" ID-CoL="6673D" box="[339,458,1196,1220]" class="Anthozoa" family="Aiptasiidae" genus="Aiptasia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="19" pageNumber="74" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="insignis">
<emphasis id="3F8CEAF08268D740FE859BBEE5D4FB76" box="[339,458,1196,1220]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="74">A. insignis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
confirmed that differences in cnidae were probably due to lower numbers of capsules and specimens measured; cnida sizes and categories correspond to those of 
<taxonomicName id="CAF84D618268D740FC3B9BC3E042FB5A" ID-CoL="61eb11ac-225c-4566-b26f-780aee2d1265" box="[1005,1116,1231,1256]" class="Anthozoa" family="Aiptasiidae" genus="Aiptasia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="19" pageNumber="74" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="pallida" status="comb. nov.">
<emphasis id="3F8CEAF08268D740FC3B9BC3E042FB5A" box="[1005,1116,1231,1256]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="74">E. pallida</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="24BF578B8268D740FBB29BDDE0FFFB5A" box="[1124,1249,1231,1256]" pageId="19" pageNumber="74">comb. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
(particularly the microbasic 
<emphasis id="3F8CEAF08268D740FECC9BE6E536FABF" box="[282,296,1268,1293]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="74">b</emphasis>
-mastigophores of the scapus). We found no morphological reason to consider 
<taxonomicName id="CAF84D618268D740FB7D9BE7E13DFABE" ID-CoL="6673D" box="[1195,1315,1269,1292]" class="Anthozoa" family="Aiptasiidae" genus="Aiptasia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="19" pageNumber="74" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="insignis">
<emphasis id="3F8CEAF08268D740FB7D9BE7E13DFABE" box="[1195,1315,1269,1292]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="74">E. insignis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
a separate species from 
<taxonomicName id="CAF84D618268D740FEFA9A0BE584FA82" ID-CoL="61eb11ac-225c-4566-b26f-780aee2d1265" box="[300,410,1303,1328]" class="Anthozoa" family="Aiptasiidae" genus="Aiptasia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="19" pageNumber="74" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="pallida" status="comb. nov.">
<emphasis id="3F8CEAF08268D740FEFA9A0BE584FA82" box="[300,410,1303,1328]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="74">E. pallida</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="24BF578B8268D740FE749A05E603FA9D" box="[418,541,1303,1328]" pageId="19" pageNumber="74">comb. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0D4736E28268D740FF119A2EE5F6F9C6" blockId="19.[151,1437,151,1653]" pageId="19" pageNumber="74">
According to the Principle of Priority (Art. 23, ICZN 1999), 
<taxonomicName id="CAF84D618268D740FC7C9A2EE060FAE7" ID-CoL="666RD" box="[938,1150,1340,1365]" class="Anthozoa" family="Aiptasiidae" genus="Aiptasia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="19" pageNumber="74" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="diaphana">
<emphasis id="3F8CEAF08268D740FC7C9A2EE060FAE7" box="[938,1150,1340,1365]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="74">Aiptasia diaphana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is the senior subjective synonym and thus must be used over the junior synonym, the former 
<emphasis id="3F8CEAF08268D740FC189A72E056FACA" box="[974,1096,1375,1400]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="74">
<taxonomicName id="CAF84D618268D740FC189A72E05AFACA" ID-CoL="61eb11ac-225c-4566-b26f-780aee2d1265" box="[974,1092,1375,1400]" class="Anthozoa" family="Aiptasiidae" genus="Aiptasia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="19" pageNumber="74" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="pallida">A. pallida</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
Although the species epithet 
<taxonomicName id="CAF84D618268D740FF419A96E4F8FA2F" ID-CoL="61eb11ac-225c-4566-b26f-780aee2d1265" box="[151,230,1412,1437]" class="Anthozoa" family="Aiptasiidae" genus="Aiptasia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="19" pageNumber="74" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="pallida">
<emphasis id="3F8CEAF08268D740FF419A96E4F8FA2F" box="[151,230,1412,1437]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="74">pallida</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
currently has a broader use than 
<taxonomicName id="CAF84D618268D740FD8F9A96E6DDFA2F" ID-CoL="666RD" box="[601,707,1412,1437]" class="Anthozoa" family="Aiptasiidae" genus="Aiptasia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="19" pageNumber="74" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="diaphana">
<emphasis id="3F8CEAF08268D740FD8F9A96E6DDFA2F" box="[601,707,1412,1437]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="74">diaphana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(particularly in non-taxonomic works), this name does not fulfill the requirements for a reversal of precedence of a junior synonym—i.e. Art. 23.9.1 of the Code—ICZN 1999). However, in our opinion, the use of the senior synonym (
<taxonomicName id="CAF84D618268D740FCFA9ADEE788FA57" ID-CoL="666RD" box="[812,918,1484,1509]" class="Anthozoa" family="Aiptasiidae" genus="Aiptasia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="19" pageNumber="74" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="diaphana">
<emphasis id="3F8CEAF08268D740FCFA9ADEE788FA57" box="[812,918,1484,1509]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="74">diaphana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) will cause confusion and threatens stability, and we wish to maintain the use of the junior synonym (
<taxonomicName id="CAF84D618268D740FCC59AFDE77CF9BA" ID-CoL="61eb11ac-225c-4566-b26f-780aee2d1265" box="[787,866,1519,1544]" class="Anthozoa" family="Aiptasiidae" genus="Aiptasia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="19" pageNumber="74" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="pallida">
<emphasis id="3F8CEAF08268D740FCC59AFDE77CF9BA" box="[787,866,1519,1544]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="74">pallida</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). Following Art. 23.9.3 of the Code (ICZN 1999), the matter has been referred to the ICZN (Grajales &amp; Rodríguez 2013: Case 3633) and is awaiting resolution. While the case is under consideration, the junior name is to be maintained (ICZN 1999); thus, here we use 
<taxonomicName id="CAF84D618268D740FF41994FE57BF9C7" ID-CoL="3DJK7" box="[151,357,1628,1653]" class="Anthozoa" family="Aiptasiidae" genus="Exaiptasia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="19" pageNumber="74" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="pallida" status="comb. nov.">
<emphasis id="3F8CEAF08268D740FF41994FE57BF9C7" box="[151,357,1628,1653]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="74">Exaiptasia pallida</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="24BF578B8268D740FEBA994EE5F6F9C6" box="[364,488,1628,1653]" pageId="19" pageNumber="74">comb. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>