315 lines
38 KiB
XML
315 lines
38 KiB
XML
<document id="6439ECED55A19BE868CB3F81C5C91B27" ID-CLB-Dataset="33644" ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.585.7503" ID-GBIF-Dataset="284e15e6-931f-4863-b037-68a83c8b53a8" ID-PMC="PMC4857038" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-585-51" ID-PubMed="27199604" ID-ZooBank="B914D8CF92A14C948EDC7CE8B0202076" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2016" ModsDocID="1313-2970-585-51" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 585" ModsDocTitle="Megastigmus seed chalcids (Hymenoptera, Torymidae) radiated much more on Angiosperms than previously considered. I- Description of 8 new species from Kenya, with a key to the females of Eastern and Southern Africa" checkinTime="1461901611862" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Roques, Alain, Copeland, Robert S., Soldati, Laurent, Denux, Olivier & Auger-Rozenberg, Marie-Anne" docDate="2016" docId="84CA72A5BA31CEBFA84935874F5F27D6" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 585: 51-124" docOrigin="ZooKeys 585" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.585.7503" docTitle="Megastigmus hypogeus Hussey 1956" docType="treatment" docVersion="6" lastPageNumber="101" masterDocId="FF812555FFDD75799D3DFF99922B9D29" masterDocTitle="Megastigmus seed chalcids (Hymenoptera, Torymidae) radiated much more on Angiosperms than previously considered. I- Description of 8 new species from Kenya, with a key to the females of Eastern and Southern Africa" masterLastPageNumber="124" masterPageNumber="51" pageNumber="96" updateTime="1701380580500" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="6647DEEF032069D63BE22CA504CCCBB3">Megastigmus seed chalcids (Hymenoptera, Torymidae) radiated much more on Angiosperms than previously considered. I- Description of 8 new species from Kenya, with a key to the females of Eastern and Southern Africa</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="89CB2F59D847726DDC77E3763F9DD9D6">Roques, Alain</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="2E121E34329979A200BF0AC423F1EC73">Copeland, Robert S.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="6723A7E13CA2636640DCD02CEB185430">Soldati, Laurent</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="28EDD560997706038335B2FBFB9C696E">Denux, Olivier</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="F37CF99CF9383177F9C50C1D03E76F47">Auger-Rozenberg, Marie-Anne</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="D7886D83FB75F0694B7C311EE42B1FFA">2016</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="EFC9CE499D43E25FAC3D1FA00B90E398">585</mods:number>
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<treatment id="84CA72A5BA31CEBFA84935874F5F27D6" ID-GBIF-Taxon="127898983" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:84CA72A5BA31CEBFA84935874F5F27D6" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/84CA72A5BA31CEBFA84935874F5F27D6" lastPageId="50" lastPageNumber="101" pageId="45" pageNumber="96">
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<subSubSection id="56BA30422028A5A1F49E0EA438851BD0" pageId="45" pageNumber="96" type="multiple">
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<paragraph id="FD16B99B9A24C67D8F1118E7ACB8939E" pageId="45" pageNumber="96">
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<pageBreakToken id="52E36BCF550F9FE1419018E34E4F7640" pageId="45" pageNumber="96" start="start">Taxon</pageBreakToken>
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classification Animalia Hymenoptera Torymidae
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="FD460517AAFF95AB18D17ACBB5C4FC86" pageId="45" pageNumber="96" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="E201699BC3E3FDE9014B4FF9EE0170D3" pageId="45" pageNumber="96">
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<taxonomicName id="C7456A8E11489AEFA9DEBB31E3C12B2D" ID-CoL="6QXMJ" authority="Hussey, 1956" authorityName="Hussey" authorityYear="1956" class="Insecta" family="Torymidae" genus="Megastigmus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Megastigmus hypogeus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="45" pageNumber="96" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hypogeus">Megastigmus hypogeus (Hussey, 1956)</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="A7420A7CEE8E2CDF32B0F6A796E922C8" pageId="45" pageNumber="96" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="ACD8F7761A172BE34B01AD128272B546" pageId="45" pageNumber="96">Type material examined.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="A5A19F9B0BE44F284A281EA9FB8497F1" pageId="45" pageNumber="96">Holotype ♀ "Bred ex. oil seed, Nairobi; 5-37; Kenya, Corydon Museum; Pres. by Com. Inst. Ent., B.M. 1957-41; B.M. TYPE HYM. 5.1653; NHMUK010263947" (BNHM); Paratypes: 3♀♀, 4♂♂, same collection data as holotype (BNHM);</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="61DDA8C2FD2C722AE41CEFB55F56997F" lastPageId="50" lastPageNumber="101" pageId="45" pageNumber="96" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="90665F406FF53F4D3B11A38C2F1F3360" pageId="45" pageNumber="96">Additional material.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="CD9A0D5786B041E4B9D2D9CA3848DBAC" pageId="45" pageNumber="96">
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11♀♀, 14♂♂, Kenya, Coast Province, Shimba Hills,
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<geoCoordinate id="48A2CE89F93CFE28FDECA08F9416E607" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-4.1349335">4°08.096'S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="995A86BE496A4C6FB29F55E3935C19D3" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="39.468033">39°28.082'E</geoCoordinate>
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, 285m elevation, 25 Nov. 2001, ex.
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<taxonomicName id="B9A5811E245164DA9D981D4880A5D15E" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Anacardiaceae" genus="Ozoroa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Ozoroa obovata" order="Sapindales" pageId="45" pageNumber="96" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="obovata">Ozoroa obovata</taxonomicName>
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seeds A&M coll. N°1609, R. Copeland leg.; 1♀, Nyanza Province, Sindo-Mbita Road,
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<geoCoordinate id="53EC5A799E59898CCDF175DAD4E2AC6F" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-0.48485">0°29.091'S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="EE3E6F7E4755F937EBCD68D77D93F068" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="34.176533">34°10.592'E</geoCoordinate>
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alt 1205m, 11 Dec 2004, ex.
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<taxonomicName id="72F62B06CB6FF5D3DEBECCBCC4A58EA4" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Anacardiaceae" genus="Ozoroa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Ozoroa insignis" order="Sapindales" pageId="45" pageNumber="96" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="insignis">Ozoroa insignis</taxonomicName>
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ssp reticulata seeds, A&M coll. N°3064, R. Copeland leg.; 11♀♀, 8♂♂, Arabuko-Sokoke forest,
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<geoCoordinate id="53AAE29D5AA51DA8BE0B0A9FDCBF4CC0" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="-3.3716">3.3716°S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="1A52196BAE509CA9EEB55F57AEEF376B" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="39.8949">39.8949°E</geoCoordinate>
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, 55m elevation, 18 Feb 2000., coll. N°Kip-372, ex.
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<taxonomicName id="DB0E4A1EC991CFF669B192F89A65F127" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Anacardiaceae" genus="Ozoroa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Ozoroa obovata" order="Sapindales" pageId="45" pageNumber="96" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="obovata">Ozoroa obovata</taxonomicName>
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seeds, R. Copeland leg; 2♀♀, 3♂♂, Arabuko-Sokoke forest,
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<geoCoordinate id="FE9F40C9D552D9B368F6C9C80DAF014E" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="-3.3716">3.3716°S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="75DFB12802278E0FF9AD9BEA0D25DCBB" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="39.8949">39.8949°E</geoCoordinate>
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, 55m elevation, 18 Feb 2000, ex.
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<taxonomicName id="0F7800A0D4B18602B46C2643E3E907E1" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Anacardiaceae" genus="Ozoroa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Ozoroa obovata" order="Sapindales" pageId="45" pageNumber="96" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="obovata">Ozoroa obovata</taxonomicName>
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seeds, A&M coll. N°509, R. Copeland leg.; 1♀, Arabuko-Sokoke forest,
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<geoCoordinate id="690D3196EFC2E7F978A41AAF48A2C77C" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="-3.203">3.2030°S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="68B2528931E5F9C8EB664E14DF07415B" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="39.9271">39.9271°E</geoCoordinate>
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, 98m elevation, 17 Mar 2001, ex.
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<taxonomicName id="964BE1A15DFF68D148FD58861A732F31" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Anacardiaceae" genus="Ozoroa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Ozoroa obovata" order="Sapindales" pageId="45" pageNumber="96" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="obovata">Ozoroa obovata</taxonomicName>
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seeds, A&M coll. N°1103, R. Copeland leg. (all material in RSC except 5♀♀, 5♂♂ from Arabuko-Sokoke forest in ARC)
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="F14B9ECEDBD15B5D5947343EF2D7DD61" pageId="45" pageNumber="96">
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This species has been first described by
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<bibRefCitation id="3671234DAE199D9A65C95186B2BFAF19" author="Hussey, NW" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of Entomological Research" pageId="59" pageNumber="110" pagination="57 - 59" title="A new species of Megastigmus (Hym.: Chalcidoidea) from British Somaliland." url="10.1017/S0007485300046502" volume="47" year="1956 a">Hussey (1956a)</bibRefCitation>
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under the name of
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<taxonomicName id="B84CABB9C276178D8C2C7F7D185B1832" class="Insecta" family="Torymidae" genus="Eumegastigmus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eumegastigmus hypogea" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="45" pageNumber="96" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hypogea">Eumegastigmus hypogea</taxonomicName>
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, and erroneously reported to emerge from"Oil seed, probably
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<taxonomicName id="0FDE112941547430DDCE092CC1409981" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Helianthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Helianthus" order="Asterales" pageId="45" pageNumber="96" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Helianthus</taxonomicName>
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sp." in Nairobi, Kenya. No subsequent records have been published since this original description. In his paper, Hussey mentioned that it is a very variable species. Our collection of a large number of specimens from different hosts, all belonging to the
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<taxonomicName id="324D91A523BDAF6A7DB40865C8439B93" family="Anacardiaceae" lsidName="Anacardiaceae" pageId="45" pageNumber="96" rank="family">Anacardiaceae</taxonomicName>
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genus
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<taxonomicName id="F3D6BE4F63F3FD4138DC01C1DE68E873" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Anacardiaceae" genus="Ozoroa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Ozoroa" order="Sapindales" pageId="45" pageNumber="96" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Ozoroa</taxonomicName>
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, allowed us to supplement
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<normalizedToken id="86698F98AEACE5FBFF60CC93549416B1" originalValue="Hussey’s">Hussey's</normalizedToken>
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primary description which was rather limited.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="B34E38796A1E3315024B94374350B71F" pageId="45" pageNumber="96">Female. Females range in length from 3.9 to 5.1 mm (without ovipositor), length of ovipositor sheaths from 2.1 to 2.5 mm. Body colour usually yellow and black (Figures 116-118) but some individuals present a dominant orange colour, all the blackish patterns becoming orange-brown. Head yellow with upper part of scrobe black (but interocellar area yellow), and vertex with a brownish infuscation. Pilosity on face, gena and temples pale but with a few long black hairs near clypeus and parascrobal area (Figure 119); vertex with long black hairs. Antenna brownish.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="C3D25DCEA7FE6352D2ABD6F0BA291753" lastPageId="47" lastPageNumber="98" pageId="45" pageNumber="96">
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Thorax yellowish-brown with blackish patterns (Figures 116, 118). Pronotum with a large, median dark brown band progressively decreasing in width from anterior to posterior suture (Figure 118) but in a few specimens, the median pronotum line is very light and interrupted at its distal end; mid-lobe of mesoscutum completely black at the anterior part, continuing as a large triangular brown- black band progressively narrowing from anterior to posterior, the sides yellow; lateral lobe of mesoscutum yellow with an orange rectangular band becoming grey posteriorly, continuing on axilla as a similar orange band; a brownish longitudinal line on lower mesepimeron; scutellum with a triangular blackish band increasing in size from the anterior suture to frenal area (but sometimes reduced to a narrow line with an orange-brown infuscation); conspicuous black sutures between the following parts: lateral panel of pronotum and collar, mid-lobe of mesoscutum and lateral lobe of mesoscutum, lateral lobe of mesos
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<pageBreakToken id="FD2BF7B70E6FE09B13DC422C4AE0DC5F" pageId="46" pageNumber="97" start="start">cutum</pageBreakToken>
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and prepectus, axilla and scutellum, callus and metapleuron. In the individuals with a dominant orange colour, the sutures between lateral lobe of mesoscutum and prepectus, wing insertion and middle part of propodeum remain black. Pilosity on thorax with long black hairs; mid-lobe of mesoscutum with five lateral pairs of hairs on
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<pageBreakToken id="AD9928211D6522204DC472ED00794D73" pageId="47" pageNumber="98" start="start">the</pageBreakToken>
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yellow parts; scutellum with 3-4 lateral pairs of hairs on the yellow sides (4 pairs on holotype; 3 pairs on most other specimens). Legs yellow except claws brown; pale hairs on coxa, with conspicuous blackish insertion dots; femora with both pale and black hairs; hairs black at apex of femora; 3 rows of long black hairs on tibia. Forewing stigma brown without infuscation; basal cell indistinct, basal setal line with only 1 seta; costal cell with 3 setae (Figure 121). Propodeum light brown with a large, rectangular longitudinal black band medially. Gaster mostly brown with a narrow yellow line in the middle; T3 black; subsequent terga with transverse brown bands on the dorsum, narrowing progressively towards the lateral sides which are whitish; gaster completely brown on some specimens with only a few whitish dots on sides; in a few others, gaster has an orange T3, with the subsequent tergites having an orange longitudinal band anteriorly, the band becoming yellow posteriorly. The brownish lines on the lateral sides of gaster segments are sometimes absent. Ovipositor sheaths black, Ovipositor sheaths 1.2
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<normalizedToken id="5AFD38847CA1C63B6AF4C139C6CB32D5" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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longer than gaster, 0.6
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<normalizedToken id="3BA000E0935BFE6FB203B6CA5D90A7FB" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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as long as body (Figure 117).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="AFBEBCEE7F7DA20D98C474C4EDEB7137" pageId="47" pageNumber="98">
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Face subquadrate, width: height ratio in front view: 1.2
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<normalizedToken id="9C6BC77AA4E0B831BEBD45E7A8F20328" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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; POL: OOL 1.6
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<normalizedToken id="85944C4E9952389C4E74F1CC892D8EF7" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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; inter-antennal area as broad as torulus width; scrobe rather short, ca. 2.9
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<normalizedToken id="F9A279E561C8E9B2C84C73B50087B79D" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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as long as wide. Scape 1.3
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<normalizedToken id="601ADE84A7ADEA232B5991D0EB3BD298" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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as long as combined length of pedicel, anellus, and F1 (Figure 120); scape 0.8
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<normalizedToken id="334D172A4D8167220063DC72D1536CDD" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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as long as combined length of pedicel, anellus, F1 and F2; anellus subquadrate; F1 1.3
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<normalizedToken id="024D2543E1FD493280486A9C1356C892" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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as long as pedicel, 2.1
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<normalizedToken id="1805E82B669CFD04600AEEB3F2EB7343" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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as long as wide; F2 2.1
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<normalizedToken id="587633710A89614EF37CBC8938521DA5" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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as long as wide; following funicular segments elongate tending to subquadrate only from F6, with F7 1.3
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<normalizedToken id="25133AD8BAF222AC979399A675CC1DD2" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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as long as wide. Pronotum with coarse cross- striae, mid- and lateral lobes of mesoscutum, and axilla with finer strong cross- striae (Figure 118). Mid-lobe of mesoscutum 1.4
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<normalizedToken id="594D4D28A9B70E85955C70D029DF4511" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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as long as scutellum length. Scutellum 1.4
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<normalizedToken id="B03216BB2B8A25F0EE9941E24182F222" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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as long as wide, reticulate; frenum indistinct, 0.4
|
||
<normalizedToken id="243FE4CC8E6779A1C4FAE6DDBB2B8906" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
as long as scutellum, reticulate in the middle, and with smooth striae on sides. Stigma rectangular, elongate, about 1.9
|
||
<normalizedToken id="1A4FA293C97817DB4D0387406BC5B955" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
as long as wide (Figure 121); upper part of stigmal vein elongate, 0.4
|
||
<normalizedToken id="68AE89192759955C7D93D2A426833C14" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
as long as stigma length; uncus 0.8
|
||
<normalizedToken id="8B50BADE4BC0FA5FED095BA2C89FF20A" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
as long as upper part of stigmal vein; marginal vein 0.9
|
||
<normalizedToken id="96314436358E1C8E8D17ABF1E9F68BA1" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
as long as postmarginal vein. Propodeum with cross- striae becoming reticulate anteriorly, a very weak median carina posteriorly.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="B7BE12BBCF135C23C8CB20D87E4B4ACE" pageId="47" pageNumber="98">Males. They are highly variable in colour, and two extreme forms can be distinguished with intermediates. Paratypes ♂ include three specimens with pale patterns and one with dark patterns whereas our collection included nine specimens of pale form, 13 of dark form, and three of intermediate color.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="687D766B01AF7363C10E903653CC9A59" pageId="47" pageNumber="98">Pale form. Body length from 4.3 to 5.4 mm. Body colour mostly orange-yellow (Figures 122-124). Head yellow with a black spot covering the interantennal area and the scrobes (Figure 125), extending in a semi-circle to the anterior ocellus, then lengthening in a median irregular line until pronotum insertion. Pilosity on lower face pale, black on the remainder of head; parascrobal area with a line of small setae along the scrobes, and a line of long black bristles along the eye contour; two small setae in the interocellar area; two rows of bristles around pronotum insertion. Antenna yellow.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="820F3E74DAE7C7B0615BFA5F36AF0A06" lastPageId="48" lastPageNumber="99" pageId="47" pageNumber="98">
|
||
Thorax mostly yellow- orange with a few black patterns (Figure 124). Pronotum yellow with a triangular black spot (very light in a few specimens) in the middle of pronotum, enlarging apically but not reaching the mid lobe of mesoscutum, and a fuzzy blackish band along the posterior suture; mid lobe of mesoscutum orange with a nar
|
||
<pageBreakToken id="BA3E14F30795847EBE21991DD50FF098" pageId="48" pageNumber="99" start="start">row</pageBreakToken>
|
||
, median black band extending from anterior to posterior suture (very light in one of the ♂ paratypes); lateral lobes of mesoscutum yellow; axilla yellow with a transparent, rectangular band on the antero-lateral part; scutellum yellow with the anterior suture black prolongating in its middle by a small fuzzy blackish spot surrounded by an orange spot. Posterior sutures of metanotum black. Pilosity on thoracic dorsum black but pale on mesepisternum, mesepimeron and callus; 4 pairs of long black bristles on scutellum (Figure 124). Legs yellow. Forewing stigma of paratype brown with a slight yellowish contour but the specimens we collected did not show such a contour (Figure 128); basal cell only partly closed, the disc with 6 setae; basal line and costal line each with 2 setae; costal cell more than 20 small hairs in 4-5 rows in the apical 1/2 to 2/3. Propodeum yellow with a black, median patch of rombhoid shape, extending from anterior to posterior part; sutures with callus blackish. Gaster petiolate, mostly black with few yellow patterns (Figure 122); T3 elongate, entirely black on dorsum; T4 with a large transvers blackish band on the anterior part and a narrower yellow band on the posterior part, extending on sides; T5 similar; T6 and T7 with the yellow band limited to the sides; last segments yellow. Gaster entirely black on dorsum in a few specimens. A row of long black bristles on the lateral parts of tergites 5, 6, 7 and numerous bristles on T8.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="103D2B82C27EF181940A6A9C5493127B" pageId="48" pageNumber="99">
|
||
Face rounded, width: height ratio in front view: 1.0
|
||
<normalizedToken id="29E86E06897226A84154D34411A1907F" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
(Figure 125); POL: OOL 1.4
|
||
<normalizedToken id="CC75E203EE5DBD7EAC106C6B3EFE51A3" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
. Scape 1.2
|
||
<normalizedToken id="A1E747D173865214859F2FF98CA1CE65" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
as long as combined length of pedicel, anellus, and F1 (Figure 126); scape 0.9
|
||
<normalizedToken id="25CAC7BFD9B0334D1D60EE497F2C9D0A" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
as long as combined length of pedicel, anellus, F1 and F2; anellus subquadrate; F1 elongate, 1.5
|
||
<normalizedToken id="EC1FB0103A1153CD2E96F346072FB8FA" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
as long as pedicel, 2.1
|
||
<normalizedToken id="E8E19F848F805019755568B27CE93ABA" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
as long as wide; F2 and following funicular segments similarly elongate, with F7 1.4
|
||
<normalizedToken id="CE9F959B250672B49B1612A949E64A72" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
as long as wide.. Pronotum with strong transverse cross-striae; mid lobe of mesoscutum with finer, very irregular cross-striae (Figure 124); mid-lobe of mesoscutum 1.1
|
||
<normalizedToken id="9543E1A10AD23F45ABE97F76818BF5ED" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
as long as scutellum length; scutellum 1.2
|
||
<normalizedToken id="79FA297CF2944DBD8554039BE97DD327" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
as long as wide, irregularly reticulate; frenum 0.4
|
||
<normalizedToken id="093C013E14397E83EFCF1B2B32F4985B" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
as long as scutellum length, reticulate as scutellum in its middle but with longitudinal carinae on the sides. Forewing stigma nearly rectangular, 1.4
|
||
<normalizedToken id="0404CC7DFC0AD0A253E5096265EB128F" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
as long as wide (Figure 128); upper part of stigmal vein short, 0.2
|
||
<normalizedToken id="311BE26B633563013BFACF7EBF3823B0" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
as long as stigma length; uncus short, 0.6
|
||
<normalizedToken id="6B992DB873B4699413B9D3E38288B129" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
as long as upper part of stigmal vein; marginal vein 0.8
|
||
<normalizedToken id="7F79C13318991F9DD61BD280813BABFD" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
as long as postmarginal vein. Propodeum with coarse, irregular carinae extending laterally but no median carina. Genitalia with short aedeagus, its part above digitus about 1.2
|
||
<normalizedToken id="A55D1A2F3BC3FFE99B22EF74572C9B70" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
as long as digitus length; digitus compressed, about 2.3
|
||
<normalizedToken id="AE7409AF11ECCC16362504FF9E545327" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
longer than its maximum width, with three teeth (Figure 127).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="AC7C51D323500E5E2844EAC8F70B0A59" lastPageId="50" lastPageNumber="101" pageId="48" pageNumber="99">
|
||
Dark form. Body length slightly longer than in pale form, from 5.0 to 5.5 mm. Body substantially black (Figures 129-132). Head entirely black (Figure 132) but antenna yellow with scape brownish (Figure 133). Pronotum dark-yellowish with a large median black extending from head insertion to mid lobe of mesososcutum, a large black rectangular patch on the sides, and a larger fuzzy blackish band along the posterior suture (Figure 131); mid lobe of mesoscutum with a large median, dark orange brown band covering most of the surface; lateral lobes of mesoscutum and axilla dark orange; scutellum with a large brown- black median band from anterior to posterior suture. Lateral parts of the thorax (mesepisternum, mesepimeron and callus) entirely black except acropleuron dark orange. Legs mostly black; coxae black; femora black on
|
||
<pageBreakToken id="9D9F280E7914C267066C1CEB52E54234" pageId="49" pageNumber="100" start="start">the</pageBreakToken>
|
||
apical 2/3 in fore- and mid- femur, and quite completely in hind femur; tibiae and tarsi yellow. Forewing stigma brown with a large, triangular infuscation (Figure 135); basal cell with 16 strong setae on disc; basal line with 3 strong setae; costal line with 26 small setae; costal cell with more than 100 small hairs in a number of rows. Pilosity
|
||
<pageBreakToken id="039AE5F450F2A9534D1B7E91E08DA605" pageId="50" pageNumber="101" start="start">of</pageBreakToken>
|
||
thorax similar to that in pale form. Propodeum entirely black (Figure 131). Gaster conspicuously petiolate, entirely black (Figure 129-130).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="79F36FC40A69C5FE7A17BCB6DDB578D8" pageId="50" pageNumber="101">
|
||
Relative dimensions of head and antenna similar as in pale form; sculpture of thorax and propodeum same as in pale form. Forewing stigma nearly rectangular, 1.3
|
||
<normalizedToken id="BA7412B0ED842F1D39E8EF41A44BA19D" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
as long as wide (Figure 135); upper part of stigmal vein very short, only 0.2
|
||
<normalizedToken id="83001FDAD93DFE386F117A3AF4359688" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
as long as stigma length; uncus as long as upper part of stigmal vein; marginal vein 0.8
|
||
<normalizedToken id="3CC74854F6F32EBB65DD96C1AB396AF0" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
as long as postmarginal vein. Aedeagus similar to pale form but one digitus with four teeth, the other one with three teeth (Figure 134).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="D224B1EB19E0A42DE72C442BC775F57B" pageId="50" pageNumber="101" type="intermediates">
|
||
<paragraph id="6F237C6A5AA1B25868A2064CEC5AA39D" pageId="50" pageNumber="101">Intermediates.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="D30F57101134DC72BE600AF4D7568A83" pageId="50" pageNumber="101">Body length as in pale form, from 4.6 to 5.4 mm. Some specimens with infuscate stigma show lighter coloration patterns than in the extreme dark form, with the median band on pronotum smaller, the lateral lobes of mesoscutum and axilla yellow, the scutellum with the median band limited to the anterior part, and the gaster with narrow yellow bands from T4 to T6.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="3002076C7F24B0B9C8A9A8B1948FAA37" pageId="50" pageNumber="101" type="host plants">
|
||
<paragraph id="0D00C189291F978CB1857C48111C643F" pageId="50" pageNumber="101">Host plants.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="50133C703084E7407BCD786F169ABCD3" pageId="50" pageNumber="101">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3E872363614CDCFDA8D3A6D5A3AF9D9D" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Anacardiaceae" genus="Ozoroa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Ozoroa obovata" order="Sapindales" pageId="50" pageNumber="101" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="obovata">Ozoroa obovata</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="ECC714ACA63686C82C2515AF55BCAB9E" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Anacardiaceae" genus="Ozoroa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Ozoroa insignis" order="Sapindales" pageId="50" pageNumber="101" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="insignis">Ozoroa insignis</taxonomicName>
|
||
ssp reticulata (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B6C716699C2417F7A78449F978142126" family="Anacardiaceae" lsidName="Anacardiaceae" pageId="50" pageNumber="101" rank="family">Anacardiaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
). Probably a seed feeder, based on its place in the molecular phylogeny of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5C10CB6BAEDB88919D699A9D707923E7" class="Insecta" family="Torymidae" genus="Megastigmus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Megastigmus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="50" pageNumber="101" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Megastigmus</taxonomicName>
|
||
spp. where it clusters with the other species developing in seeds of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3BD0C3CFD7A7A34A8B5A8FBF91EE8D7F" family="Anacardiaceae" lsidName="Anacardiaceae" pageId="50" pageNumber="101" rank="family">Anacardiaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Figure 14), such as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3D9C256F2D119A4C6EA4BDA7DC7DA700" class="Insecta" family="Torymidae" genus="Megastigmus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Megastigmus ozoroae" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="50" pageNumber="101" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ozoroae">Megastigmus ozoroae</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4D216A5547C109DCA99D85845A9952A0" class="Insecta" family="Torymidae" genus="Megastigmus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Megastigmus lanneae" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="50" pageNumber="101" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lanneae">Megastigmus lanneae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and despite the presence of numts in the short COI fragment.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="8FC0B65A0E17EECDCDFAE3FE0007A713" pageId="50" pageNumber="101" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="4E64D8E00E55BDBD098CD65145A5C464" pageId="50" pageNumber="101">Distribution.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="2E35FF1A983D40C6DA6B12A4EEF713E6" pageId="50" pageNumber="101">Mixed bush-/grassland in western Kenya near Lake Victoria and in similar habitat in coastal areas. Adults emerged from up to 2.8% of the fruits in some collections (Table 3).</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="6812C25039449721A4C1338C4E3958D6" pageId="50" pageNumber="101" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="C2DB41760AAE26AED03BD92BBAED1F9E" pageId="50" pageNumber="101">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="04E35C048876DC274A794B5856D75775" pageId="50" pageNumber="101">
|
||
The key from
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F393A1A0349E2860B81624FD47DEC577" author="Hussey, NW" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of Entomological Research" pageId="59" pageNumber="110" pagination="57 - 59" title="A new species of Megastigmus (Hym.: Chalcidoidea) from British Somaliland." url="10.1017/S0007485300046502" volume="47" year="1956 a">Hussey (1956a)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
distinguished the females of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B223AF80E7DC0385455FE1C267CBBA4C" class="Insecta" family="Torymidae" genus="Megastigmus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Megastigmus hypogeus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="50" pageNumber="101" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hypogeus">Megastigmus hypogeus</taxonomicName>
|
||
by their large body (>5 mm), the ocelli surrounded with black, and the thoracic dorsum with longitudinal black stripe. Actually, it does not allow one to separate females of this species from those of some other species associated with fruits of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7E6A6939316CFEF1121E8CD6A12D45E6" family="Anacardiaceae" lsidName="Anacardiaceae" pageId="50" pageNumber="101" rank="family">Anacardiaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which are also large and present a thoracic dorsum with a longitudinal dark band; i.e.,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9BF2256E67AFD7621B00B5AFF01A6AD" class="Insecta" family="Torymidae" genus="Megastigmus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Megastigmus lanneae" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="50" pageNumber="101" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lanneae">Megastigmus lanneae</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="DE881A28EBF1887337033E1A225D3370" class="Insecta" family="Torymidae" genus="Megastigmus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Megastigmus ozoroae" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="50" pageNumber="101" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ozoroae">Megastigmus ozoroae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3EE38F4C7FEF3C806217CA5797073CD2" class="Insecta" family="Torymidae" genus="Megastigmus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Megastigmus smithi" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="50" pageNumber="101" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="smithi">Megastigmus smithi</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="99F1E2287D63D6C2DF16D6DEA483779C" class="Insecta" family="Torymidae" genus="Megastigmus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Megastigmus hypogeus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="50" pageNumber="101" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hypogeus">Megastigmus hypogeus</taxonomicName>
|
||
differs from these species by the relative length of its ovipositor being 1.2-1.3
|
||
<normalizedToken id="37CED28A6D042DA1E79AAC7BB859B7B1" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
longer than gaster length whereas it is shorter than gaster length in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FE345D1E2AB6196894902C9DF9E70DD7" class="Insecta" family="Torymidae" genus="Megastigmus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Megastigmus ozoroae" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="50" pageNumber="101" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ozoroae">Megastigmus ozoroae</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Figure 43), and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9A75119E77AA2CF9DB9144DA90545D98" class="Insecta" family="Torymidae" genus="Megastigmus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Megastigmus smithi" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="50" pageNumber="101" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="smithi">Megastigmus smithi</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Figure 31), and much longer in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C527E9520607D4027ABF6C0A6CBBF2B7" class="Insecta" family="Torymidae" genus="Megastigmus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Megastigmus lanneae" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="50" pageNumber="101" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lanneae">Megastigmus lanneae</taxonomicName>
|
||
(1.8
|
||
<normalizedToken id="BD3DA86F2AE1E975C7BCF74E69B083AD" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
; Figure 97).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="25569E79680C5423EF7E0C4D0BDAFE65" pageId="50" pageNumber="101">
|
||
Genitalic characters also allow separation of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="25B996D65FE73370A93CFFC765755E13" class="Insecta" family="Torymidae" genus="Megastigmus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Megastigmus hypogeus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="50" pageNumber="101" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hypogeus">Megastigmus hypogeus</taxonomicName>
|
||
males from those of other species developing in seeds of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FDDD1F10C3BBE70F17725719CAD6B0AC" family="Anacardiaceae" lsidName="Anacardiaceae" pageId="50" pageNumber="101" rank="family">Anacardiaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the aedeagus part above digitus being significantly less elongated (1.2
|
||
<normalizedToken id="67727054238E48602C722B49D60EDF7D" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
as long as digitus length) than in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="AD6C990B293549C4D1BEA14DA4490FC4" class="Insecta" family="Torymidae" genus="Megastigmus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Megastigmus ozoroae" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="50" pageNumber="101" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ozoroae">Megastigmus ozoroae</taxonomicName>
|
||
(1.8
|
||
<normalizedToken id="C4F69BB1D9F86A0DE7083F24D478A51F" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
; Figures 53, 60) and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57DB80E09DB2730C7E1103FEA60BC565" class="Insecta" family="Torymidae" genus="Megastigmus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Megastigmus lanneae" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="50" pageNumber="101" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lanneae">Megastigmus lanneae</taxonomicName>
|
||
(1.8
|
||
<normalizedToken id="86EF610B349AB1E19A21AE63F70C149B" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
; Figures 107, 115) but much longer than in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A94C7DA435BD54D861F216212B4C61E2" class="Insecta" family="Torymidae" genus="Megastigmus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Megastigmus pistaciae" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="50" pageNumber="101" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pistaciae">Megastigmus pistaciae</taxonomicName>
|
||
(0.8
|
||
<normalizedToken id="1CB9544B844240770DBA2C7A1F521256" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
; Figure 148) and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7892F57EFA1CCAEE61EB50E9A56B5B3E" class="Insecta" family="Torymidae" genus="Megastigmus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Megastigmus transvaalensis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="50" pageNumber="101" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="transvaalensis">Megastigmus transvaalensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
(0. 5
|
||
<normalizedToken id="9C980AE4063DF112D0D4982B1679E5EC" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
; Figure 162).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |