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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.930.47742" ID-GBIF-Dataset="9223ceda-3eb6-4d4d-91a1-a08d3dc443d7" ID-PMC="PMC7200893" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-930-37" ID-Pensoft-UUID="255C174A2BB75F5B8259DCBB698296D2" ID-PubMed="32390747" ID-ZooBank="FABF3E569A1544CD9A5072DCF25AF87D" ModsDocID="1313-2970-930-37" checkinTime="1588165340049" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Semenyuk, Irina, Golovatch, Sergei I. &amp; Wesener, Thomas" docDate="2020" docId="65370F4FB32A504689076B09D302690B" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 930: 37-60" docOrigin="ZooKeys 930" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.930.47742" docTitle="Sphaeropoeus maculatus" docType="treatment" docVersion="5" id="255C174A2BB75F5B8259DCBB698296D2" lastPageNumber="37" masterDocId="255C174A2BB75F5B8259DCBB698296D2" masterDocTitle="Some new or poorly-known Zephroniidae (Diplopoda, Sphaerotheriida) from Vietnam" masterLastPageNumber="60" masterPageNumber="37" pageNumber="37" updateTime="1668168797197" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Some new or poorly-known Zephroniidae (Diplopoda, Sphaerotheriida) from Vietnam</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Semenyuk, Irina</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>A. N. Severtsov Institute for Problems of Ecology and Evolution, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky pr. 33, Moscow 119071, Russia &amp; Joint Russian-Vietnamese Tropical Center, Street 3 Thang 2, 3, Q 10, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Golovatch, Sergei I.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>A. N. Severtsov Institute for Problems of Ecology and Evolution, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky pr. 33, Moscow 119071, Russia</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Wesener, Thomas</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Zoological Research Museum Alexander Koenig (ZFMK), Leibniz Institute for Animal Biodiversity, Adenauerallee 160, D- 53113, Bonn, Germany</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">twesener@uni-bonn.de</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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<mods:part>
<mods:date>2020</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>930</mods:number>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
<mods:start>37</mods:start>
<mods:end>60</mods:end>
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<mods:location>
<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.930.47742</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.930.47742</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-930-37</mods:identifier>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="163875343" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:65370F4FB32A504689076B09D302690B" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/65370F4FB32A504689076B09D302690B" lastPageNumber="37" pageId="0" pageNumber="37">
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="37" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="37">
<taxonomicName LSID="65370F4F-B32A-5046-8907-6B09D302690B" authority="(Verhoeff, 1924)" baseAuthorityName="Verhoeff" baseAuthorityYear="1924" class="Diplopoda" family="Zephroniidae" genus="Sphaeropoeus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sphaeropoeus maculatus" order="Diplopoda" pageId="0" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maculatus">Sphaeropoeus maculatus (Verhoeff, 1924)</taxonomicName>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Endoterga of midbody segments, SEM micrographs. A Sphaerobelum bicorne Attems, 1938, ♂ (ZFMK) B Sphaerobelum pumatense sp. nov., ♂ holotype C Sphaeropoeus maculatus (Verhoeff, 1924), ♂ lectotype D Sphaeropoeus bidoupensis sp. nov., ♂ holotype E Sphaeropoeus honbaensis sp. nov., ♂ holotype. Scale bars: 0.2 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.930.47742.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/404784" pageId="0" pageNumber="37">Figs 3C</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Sphaeropoeus maculatus (Verhoeff, 1924), ♂ lectotype. A Left leg 9, posterior view B-D right anterior telopod, anterior, lateral and posterior views, respectively E, F right posterior telopod, anterior and posterior views, respectively. Scale bars: 1.0 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.930.47742.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/404788" pageId="0" pageNumber="37">, 7</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figure 10. Habitus photograph of the lectotype (HNHM 2858 / 1) of Sphaeropoeus maculatus (Verhoeff, 1924), lateral view, and a distribution map of all other relevant zephroniid species in Vietnam. A Sphaerobelum bicorne Attems, 1938 (new record) B Sphaerobelum bicorne Attems, 1938 (old record) C Sphaerobelum pumatense sp. nov. D Sphaeropoeus manca (Attems, 1936) E Sphaeropoeus maculatus (Verhoeff, 1924) F Sphaeropoeus honbaensis sp. nov. G Sphaeropoeus bidoupensis sp. nov." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.930.47742.figure10" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/404791" pageId="0" pageNumber="37">, 10</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="37" type="reference_group">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="37">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Verhoeff" authorityYear="1924" class="Diplopoda" family="Zephroniidae" genus="Tonkinobelum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tonkinobelum maculatum" order="Diplopoda" pageId="0" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maculatum">Tonkinobelum maculatum</taxonomicName>
Verhoeff, 1924: 62;
<bibRefCitation author="Attems, C" journalOrPublisher="Memoirs of the Indian Museum" pageId="0" pageNumber="37" pagination="133 - 323" refId="B1" refString="Attems, C, 1936. Diplopoda of India. Memoirs of the Indian Museum 11: 133 - 323" title="Diplopoda of India." volume="11" year="1936">Attems 1936</bibRefCitation>
: 192 (list);
<bibRefCitation author="Wang, YM" journalOrPublisher="Quarterly Journal of the Taiwan Museum" pageId="0" pageNumber="37" pagination="383 - 390" refId="B11" refString="Wang, YM, 1967. Serica IT: Supplement to the millipedes and the centipedes of Malay Archipelago and South Sea islands, Singapore, Sarawak and Sumatra. Quarterly Journal of the Taiwan Museum 20: 383 - 390" title="Serica IT: Supplement to the millipedes and the centipedes of Malay Archipelago and South Sea islands, Singapore, Sarawak and Sumatra." volume="20" year="1967">Wang 1967</bibRefCitation>
: 484 (list);
<bibRefCitation author="Korsos, Z" journalOrPublisher="Annales historico-naturales Musei Nationalis Hungarici" pageId="0" pageNumber="37" pagination="117 - 120" refId="B7" refString="Korsos, Z, 1983. Diplopod types in the Hungarian Natural History Museum, 1. Annales historico-naturales Musei Nationalis Hungarici 75: 117 - 120" title="Diplopod types in the Hungarian Natural History Museum, 1." volume="75" year="1983">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Korsós">Korsos</normalizedToken>
1983
</bibRefCitation>
: 118 (list);
<bibRefCitation author="Golovatch, SI" editor="Sokolov, VE" journalOrPublisher="Nauka, Moscow" pageId="0" pageNumber="37" pagination="178 - 186" refId="B4" refString="Golovatch, SI, 1983. Millipedes (Diplopoda) of the fauna of Vietnam. In: Sokolov, VE, Ed., Fauna and animal ecology of Vietnam. Nauka, Moscow: 178 - 186" title="Millipedes (Diplopoda) of the fauna of Vietnam." volumeTitle="Fauna and animal ecology of Vietnam." year="1983">Golovatch 1983</bibRefCitation>
(list)
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="37">
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Verhoeff" baseAuthorityYear="1924" class="Diplopoda" family="Zephroniidae" genus="Sphaeropoeus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sphaeropoeus maculatus" order="Diplopoda" pageId="0" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maculatus">Sphaeropoeus maculatus</taxonomicName>
-
<bibRefCitation author="Jeekel, CAW" journalOrPublisher="Myriapod Memoranda" pageId="0" pageNumber="37" pagination="5 - 38" refId="B6" refString="Jeekel, CAW, 2001. A bibliographic catalogue of the Asiatic Sphaerotheriida (Diplopoda). Myriapod Memoranda 3: 5 - 38" title="A bibliographic catalogue of the Asiatic Sphaerotheriida (Diplopoda)." volume="3" year="2001">Jeekel 2001</bibRefCitation>
: 23 (list);
<bibRefCitation author="Enghoff, H" journalOrPublisher="Arthropoda Selecta" pageId="0" pageNumber="37" pagination="29 - 43" refId="B3" refString="Enghoff, H, Golovatch, SI, Nguyen, DA, 2004. A review of the millipede fauna of Vietnam (Diplopoda). Arthropoda Selecta 13 (1-2): 29 - 43" title="A review of the millipede fauna of Vietnam (Diplopoda)." volume="13" year="2004">Enghoff et al. 2004</bibRefCitation>
: 32 (list);
<bibRefCitation author="Wesener, T" journalOrPublisher="Quarterly Journal of the Taiwan Museum" pageId="0" pageNumber="37" refId="B12" refString="Wesener, T, 2016a. The Giant Pill-Millipedes, order Sphaerotheriida - An annotated species catalogue with morphological atlas and list of apomorphies. Bonn zoological Bulletin 63 (Supplementum): 1-104." title="The Giant Pill-Millipedes, order Sphaerotheriida - An annotated species catalogue with morphological atlas and list of apomorphies. Bonn zoological Bulletin 63 (Supplementum): 1 - 104." year="2016 a">Wesener 2016a</bibRefCitation>
: 40 (list);
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4184.1.9" author="Wesener, T" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="0" pageNumber="37" pagination="141 - 157" refId="B13" refString="Wesener, T, 2016b. Redescription and phylogenetic analysis of the type species of the giant pill-millipede genus Sphaeropoeus Brandt, 1833 (Diplopoda, Sphaerotheriida, Zephroniidae). Zootaxa 4184 (1): 141 - 157, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4184.1.9" title="Redescription and phylogenetic analysis of the type species of the giant pill-millipede genus Sphaeropoeus Brandt, 1833 (Diplopoda, Sphaerotheriida, Zephroniidae)." url="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4184.1.9" volume="4184" year="2016 b">Wesener 2016b</bibRefCitation>
: 146 (list).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="37" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="37">Material examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="37">
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="37">Lectotype</emphasis>
♂ (HNMB 2858/1), designated here to fix the name for future studies and to avoid taxonomic confusion. Vietnam,
<normalizedToken originalValue="Tonkin">'Tonkin'</normalizedToken>
, Mau Son (= Mau Son Mountains, Lang Son Province), H. Fruhstorfer leg.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="37" type="redescription">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="37">Redescription.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="37">
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="37">Measurements</emphasis>
: ca. 58 mm long, 23.1 mm (2nd), up to 23.9 mm (8th) wide, 13.5 mm (2nd) up to 15.1 mm height (8th the highest).
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="37">Coloration</emphasis>
: apparently faded after more than 90 years in ethanol. Head, collum and appendages dark green, remaining tergites castaneous brown.
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="37">Head</emphasis>
: eyes with&gt;70 ocelli. Antennae very short, protruding up to centre of head. Antennomeres 1-5 with few longer setae, 6th densely pubescent. Antennomere 6 towards disc with a single row of sensilla basiconica. Antennomere 6 strongly axe-shaped, twice as wide as antennomeres 1-5. ♂ with&gt;140 apical cones. Palpi of gnathochilarium located in a single field.
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="37">Collum</emphasis>
: glabrous except for anterior edges.
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="37">Thoracic shield</emphasis>
: with wide and deep grooves, 3 or 4 weak crests present at posterior corner.
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="37">Tergites</emphasis>
: surface glabrous and smooth except for paratergite depressions. Midbody paratergite tips projecting posteriorly.
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="37">Anal shield</emphasis>
: well-rounded, glabrous. Locking carinae rudimentary, very short, located close to last laterotergite.
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="37">Endotergum</emphasis>
: inner section lacking any spines or setae. Middle area lacking discernible cuticular impressions. Apically, 3-4 very dense rows of short marginal bristles, tips of longest setae barely protruding beyond midpoint towards tergal margin (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Endoterga of midbody segments, SEM micrographs. A Sphaerobelum bicorne Attems, 1938, ♂ (ZFMK) B Sphaerobelum pumatense sp. nov., ♂ holotype C Sphaeropoeus maculatus (Verhoeff, 1924), ♂ lectotype D Sphaeropoeus bidoupensis sp. nov., ♂ holotype E Sphaeropoeus honbaensis sp. nov., ♂ holotype. Scale bars: 0.2 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.930.47742.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/404784" pageId="0" pageNumber="37">3C</figureCitation>
). Bristles not smooth, but barbed, with numerous small spinicles.
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="37">Stigmatic plates</emphasis>
: first well-rounded, not triangular in shape.
<taxonomicName genus="Laterotergites" lsidName="Laterotergites" pageId="0" pageNumber="37" rank="genus">
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="37">Laterotergites</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: first elongated into a strongly tapering sharp process. Laterotergite 2 also extended, with a very sharp tip.
<taxonomicName genus="Laterotergites" lsidName="Laterotergites" pageId="0" pageNumber="37" rank="genus">Laterotergites</taxonomicName>
3 and following not extended, well-rounded.
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="37">Legs</emphasis>
: first with 2, second with 5, third with 8 ventral and a single apical spine. Leg-pairs 4-21 with 10-12 ventral spines. Coxa process visible, well-rounded (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Sphaeropoeus maculatus (Verhoeff, 1924), ♂ lectotype. A Left leg 9, posterior view B-D right anterior telopod, anterior, lateral and posterior views, respectively E, F right posterior telopod, anterior and posterior views, respectively. Scale bars: 1.0 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.930.47742.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/404788" pageId="0" pageNumber="37">7A</figureCitation>
). Femur 2.1, tarsus 4 times longer than wide. Femur with a very long ridge (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Sphaeropoeus maculatus (Verhoeff, 1924), ♂ lectotype. A Left leg 9, posterior view B-D right anterior telopod, anterior, lateral and posterior views, respectively E, F right posterior telopod, anterior and posterior views, respectively. Scale bars: 1.0 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.930.47742.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/404788" pageId="0" pageNumber="37">7A</figureCitation>
).
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="37">Male gonopore</emphasis>
: opening covered with a single, apically membranous plate.
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="37">Anterior telopod</emphasis>
(Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Sphaeropoeus maculatus (Verhoeff, 1924), ♂ lectotype. A Left leg 9, posterior view B-D right anterior telopod, anterior, lateral and posterior views, respectively E, F right posterior telopod, anterior and posterior views, respectively. Scale bars: 1.0 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.930.47742.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/404788" pageId="0" pageNumber="37">7B-D</figureCitation>
): four podomeres, first two of equal length, 3rd half as long as 2nd discarding its process, 4th slightly shorter and more slender than 3rd. Telopoditomere 2 with a strong, curved process. Telopoditomere 3 posteriorly with a shorter process juxtaposed to apex process of telopoditomere 2. Telopoditomere 4 conical, lacking any spines, lobes or teeth.
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="37">Posterior telopod</emphasis>
(Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Sphaeropoeus maculatus (Verhoeff, 1924), ♂ lectotype. A Left leg 9, posterior view B-D right anterior telopod, anterior, lateral and posterior views, respectively E, F right posterior telopod, anterior and posterior views, respectively. Scale bars: 1.0 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.930.47742.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/404788" pageId="0" pageNumber="37">7E, F</figureCitation>
): podomeres 3 and 4 longer than process of podomere 2. Podomere 4 short, conical, with a membranous ledge and no visible spines. Podomere 3, 2.8 times longer than wide. Its excavated inner margin with a membranous ledge, in posterior aspect with ca. 4 small crenulated teeth. Immovable finger wide, apically tapering, tip curved towards movable finger. Membranous area with at least one large membranous lobe. Podomeres 1-3 in anterior view with numerous setae, in posterior view telopoditomere 3 with few setae mainly located at margins. Podomere 4 in both aspects glabrous, except for 3 or 4 long setae at mesal margin.
</paragraph>
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.930.47742.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/404788" pageId="0" pageNumber="37" start="Figure 7" startId="F7">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="37">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="37">Figure 7.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Verhoeff" baseAuthorityYear="1924" class="Diplopoda" family="Zephroniidae" genus="Sphaeropoeus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sphaeropoeus maculatus" order="Sphaerotheriida" pageId="0" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maculatus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="37">Sphaeropoeus maculatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Verhoeff, 1924), ♂ lectotype.
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="37">A</emphasis>
Left leg 9, posterior view
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="37">B-D</emphasis>
right anterior telopod, anterior, lateral and posterior views, respectively
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="37">E, F</emphasis>
right posterior telopod, anterior and posterior views, respectively. Scale bars: 1.0 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="37" type="remarks">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="37">Remarks.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="37">Verhoeff described the species based on four syntypes. Only one syntype could be relocated; the others may be considered as likely lost. As the sole available syntype is a mature ♂ in very good condition, this specimen has been designated as the lectotype. ♀ unknown.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="37">
<bibRefCitation author="Jeekel, CAW" journalOrPublisher="Myriapod Memoranda" pageId="0" pageNumber="37" pagination="5 - 38" refId="B6" refString="Jeekel, CAW, 2001. A bibliographic catalogue of the Asiatic Sphaerotheriida (Diplopoda). Myriapod Memoranda 3: 5 - 38" title="A bibliographic catalogue of the Asiatic Sphaerotheriida (Diplopoda)." volume="3" year="2001">Jeekel (2001)</bibRefCitation>
thought the specimen had been mislabeled, because no other species of the genus was then known from Vietnam or continental Asia north of Singapore. However, with the new combination of
<taxonomicName authorityName="Attems" authorityYear="1936" class="Diplopoda" family="Zephroniidae" genus="Zephronia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Zephronia manca" order="Sphaerotheriida" pageId="0" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="manca">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="37">Zephronia manca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(see above), and the two new species described below, the provenance of
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. maculatus" pageId="0" pageNumber="37" rank="species" species="maculatus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="37">S. maculatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
may well be correct.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>