250 lines
25 KiB
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250 lines
25 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.966.55192" ID-GBIF-Dataset="4a0f1338-3873-4a8f-affd-5ba3e335ade7" ID-PMC="PMC7494662" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-966-57" ID-Pensoft-UUID="9E8EAAF1A28A5D6BA36B2D363A1BA200" ID-PubMed="32982546" ID-ZooBank="B18DEB582C8F4F95B7EF3BECC9F4D4B7" ModsDocID="1313-2970-966-57" checkinTime="1599731061580" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Runyon, Justin B." docDate="2020" docId="60B2E70FF1835EF4BCA9C40437D04DAD" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 966: 57-151" docOrigin="ZooKeys 966" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.966.55192" docTitle="Achradocera apicalis" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" id="9E8EAAF1A28A5D6BA36B2D363A1BA200" lastPageNumber="57" masterDocId="9E8EAAF1A28A5D6BA36B2D363A1BA200" masterDocTitle="The Dolichopodidae (Diptera) of Montserrat, West Indies" masterLastPageNumber="151" masterPageNumber="57" pageNumber="57" updateTime="1668169452387" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>The Dolichopodidae (Diptera) of Montserrat, West Indies</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Runyon, Justin B.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Rocky Mountain Research Station, USDA Forest Service, 1648 S. 7 th Avenue, Bozeman, Montana 59717, USA & Montana Entomology Collection, Montana State University, Room 50 Marsh Laboratory, Bozeman, Montana 59717, USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0271-0511</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">jrunyon@montana.edu</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2020</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>966</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>57</mods:start>
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<mods:end>151</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.966.55192</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.966.55192</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-966-57</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">B18DEB582C8F4F95B7EF3BECC9F4D4B7</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">9E8EAAF1A28A5D6BA36B2D363A1BA200</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="167581848" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:60B2E70FF1835EF4BCA9C40437D04DAD" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/60B2E70FF1835EF4BCA9C40437D04DAD" lastPageNumber="57" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="57" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="57">
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<taxonomicName LSID="60B2E70F-F183-5EF4-BCA9-C40437D04DAD" authority="(Aldrich)" class="Insecta" family="Dolichopodidae" genus="Achradocera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Achradocera apicalis" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="57" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="apicalis">Achradocera apicalis (Aldrich)</taxonomicName>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 18" captionStartId="F18" captionText="Figure 18. Tarsus I and terminalia of males A Achradocera apicalis (Aldrich), tarsus I, posterior view (Montserrat) B Achradocera barbata (Loew), tarsus I, posterior view (Kentucky, USA), arrows indicate ventral setae C Achradocera apicalis, tip of abdomen, left lateral (Montserrat) D Achradocera barbata, tip of abdomen, left lateral (Florida, USA). Scale bars: 0.25 mm (A, B), 0.5 mm (C, D)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.966.55192.figure18" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/450942" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">Fig. 18A, C</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="57" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="57">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Dolichopodidae" genus="Chrysotus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chrysotus apicalis" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="57" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="apicalis">Chrysotus apicalis</taxonomicName>
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Aldrich, 1896: 330.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="57">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Dolichopodidae" genus="Achradocera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Achradocera angustifacies" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="57" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="angustifacies">Achradocera angustifacies</taxonomicName>
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Becker, 1922: 207.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="57" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="57">Material examined.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="57">
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<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">Lectotype</emphasis>
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(designated here to fix identity of the species) ♂, labelled: "St. Vincent/ W. Indies."; "Collection/ JM Aldrich"; "Cotype/ No.50426/ U.S.N.M."; "
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">Chrysotus</emphasis>
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/
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">apicalis</emphasis>
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/ Type Ald. [hand written]"; "LECTOTYPE/ ♂
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">Achradocera</emphasis>
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/
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">apicalis</emphasis>
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(Aldrich)/ des. JB Runyon" [red label] (USNM).
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">Dominica</emphasis>
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: 5 ♂, 2 ♀, Springfield Estate, FIT trap, 29 May 2011, M.A. & L.L. Ivie; 1 ♂, same as previous, Malaise trap, 29 May-1 June 2011; 3 ♂, same as previous, yellow pan traps, 1-3 June 2011.
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">Montserrat</emphasis>
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: 6 ♂, 2 ♀, Woodlands, Riverside House, 10-12 January 2002, Malaise trap, Ivie, Marske & Puliafico; 6 ♂, 1 ♀, same as previous, 5-7 January 2002; 3 ♂, same as previous, 17-28 July 2005, WIBF group; 3 ♂, Hope Ghaut, 8-10 January 2002, yellow pan traps, K.A. Marske; 1 ♂, Cassava Ghaut, Beattie House, 21 January-5 February 2002, Malaise trap, A. Krakower; 2 ♂, same as previous, 24 June 2005, yellow pan traps, V.G. Martinson; 3 ♂, Sweetwater Ghaut, 1 August 2005, yellow pan traps, V.G. Martinson; 3 ♂, Bottomless Ghaut, 5 August 2005, yellow pan traps, V.G. Martinson; 1 ♂, trail to Fairy Walk, 15 August 2005, yellow pan traps, V.G. Martinson; 2 ♂, Cedar Ghaut, 4 August 2005, yellow pan traps, V.G. Martinson; 1 ♂, Big River, 5 August 2005, yellow pan traps, V.G. Martinson.
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">Nevis</emphasis>
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: 5 ♂, Camps River Ghaut,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="17" direction="north" minutes="11.36" orientation="latitude" precision="9" value="17.189333">17°11.36'N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="62" direction="west" minutes="34.66" orientation="longitude" precision="9" value="-62.577667">62°34.66'W</geoCoordinate>
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, 25 May 2017, J.B. Runyon; 3 ♂, small pond, 200 m,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="17" direction="north" minutes="07.460" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="17.124332">17°07.460'N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="62" direction="west" minutes="35.584" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-62.593067">62°35.584'W</geoCoordinate>
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, 26 May 2017, J.B. Runyon; 1 ♂, The Source trail, 400-550 m,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="17" direction="north" minutes="08.76" orientation="latitude" precision="9" value="17.146">17°08.76'N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="62" direction="west" minutes="34.31" orientation="longitude" precision="9" value="-62.571835">62°34.31'W</geoCoordinate>
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, 26 May 2017, J.B. Runyon.
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">St. Lucia</emphasis>
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: 6 ♂, 2 ♀, Escap Community, small stream in dry forest, 45 m,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="13" direction="north" minutes="49.92" orientation="latitude" precision="9" value="13.832">13°49.92'N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="60" direction="west" minutes="53.91" orientation="longitude" precision="9" value="-60.8985">60°53.91'W</geoCoordinate>
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, 2-3 May 2009, J.B. Runyon; 5 ♂, Savannes, Mangrove Reserve, 0-5 m,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="13" direction="north" minutes="45.97" orientation="latitude" precision="9" value="13.766167">13°45.97'N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="60" direction="west" minutes="54.88" orientation="longitude" precision="9" value="-60.914665">60°54.88'W</geoCoordinate>
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, 3 May 2009, J.B. Runyon; 1 ♂, 1 ♀, trail, dry forest, 45 m,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="13" direction="north" minutes="49.9" orientation="latitude" precision="92" value="13.831667">13°49.9'N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="60" direction="west" minutes="53.9" orientation="longitude" precision="92" value="-60.898335">60°53.9'W</geoCoordinate>
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, 6 May 2009, J.B. Runyon; 2 ♂, 1 ♀, Doree River ravine, 220 m,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="13" direction="north" minutes="47.962" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="13.799367">13°47.962'N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="61" direction="west" minutes="01.100" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-61.018333">61°01.100'W</geoCoordinate>
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, 7 May 2009, J.B. Runyon; 1 ♂, Fond Bay near beach,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="13" direction="north" minutes="49.89" orientation="latitude" precision="9" value="13.8315">13°49.89'N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="60" direction="west" minutes="53.65" orientation="longitude" precision="9" value="-60.894165">60°53.65'W</geoCoordinate>
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, 8 May 2009, J.B. Runyon (MTEC, USNM).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="57" type="distribution">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="57">Distribution.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="57">
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Widespread in the West Indies, also reported from Mexico, Ecuador, Chile, and has recently dispersed (probably via accidental human introduction) to French Polynesia and Tonga (
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<bibRefCitation author="Bickel, DJ" journalOrPublisher="Bishop Museum Occasional Papers" pageId="0" pageNumber="57" pagination="14 - 20" refId="B6" refString="Bickel, DJ, 2000. New World Achradocera in Hawai'i, Tonga, and French Polynesia, with discussion of the genus (Diptera: Dolichopodidae). Bishop Museum Occasional Papers 64: 14 - 20" title="New World Achradocera in Hawai'i, Tonga, and French Polynesia, with discussion of the genus (Diptera: Dolichopodidae)." volume="64" year="2000">Bickel 2000</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="57" type="remarks">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="57">Remarks.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="57">
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<bibRefCitation author="Aldrich, JM" journalOrPublisher="Kansas University Science Bulletin" pageId="0" pageNumber="57" pagination="75 - 94" refId="B3" refString="Aldrich, JM, 1902. Dolichopodidae of Grenada, W.I. Kansas University Science Bulletin 1: 75 - 94" title="Dolichopodidae of Grenada, W. I." volume="1" year="1902">Aldrich (1902)</bibRefCitation>
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synonymized
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Dolichopodidae" genus="Achradocera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Achradocera apicalis" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="57" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="apicalis">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">Achradocera apicalis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(Aldrich) with
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<taxonomicName lsidName="A. barbata" pageId="0" pageNumber="57" rank="species" species="barbata">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">A. barbata</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(Loew), primarily due to the distinctive femoral coloration of both species.
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<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.5479/si.00810282.185" author="Robinson, H" journalOrPublisher="Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology" pageId="0" pageNumber="57" pagination="1 - 141" refId="B67" refString="Robinson, H, 1975. Bredin-Archbold-Smithsonian Biological Survey of Dominica, the family Dolichopodidae with some related Antillean and Panamanian species (Diptera). Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology 185: 1 - 141, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5479/si.00810282.185" title="Bredin-Archbold-Smithsonian Biological Survey of Dominica, the family Dolichopodidae with some related Antillean and Panamanian species (Diptera)." url="https://doi.org/10.5479/si.00810282.185" volume="185" year="1975">Robinson (1975)</bibRefCitation>
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considered
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<taxonomicName lsidName="A. apicalis" pageId="0" pageNumber="57" rank="species" species="apicalis">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">A. apicalis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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distinct by the much shorter antenna of the male.
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<bibRefCitation author="Bickel, DJ" journalOrPublisher="Bishop Museum Occasional Papers" pageId="0" pageNumber="57" pagination="14 - 20" refId="B6" refString="Bickel, DJ, 2000. New World Achradocera in Hawai'i, Tonga, and French Polynesia, with discussion of the genus (Diptera: Dolichopodidae). Bishop Museum Occasional Papers 64: 14 - 20" title="New World Achradocera in Hawai'i, Tonga, and French Polynesia, with discussion of the genus (Diptera: Dolichopodidae)." volume="64" year="2000">Bickel (2000)</bibRefCitation>
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followed
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<bibRefCitation author="Aldrich, JM" journalOrPublisher="Kansas University Science Bulletin" pageId="0" pageNumber="57" pagination="75 - 94" refId="B3" refString="Aldrich, JM, 1902. Dolichopodidae of Grenada, W.I. Kansas University Science Bulletin 1: 75 - 94" title="Dolichopodidae of Grenada, W. I." volume="1" year="1902">Aldrich (1902)</bibRefCitation>
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and treated
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<taxonomicName lsidName="A. apicalis" pageId="0" pageNumber="57" rank="species" species="apicalis">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">A. apicalis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName lsidName="A. barbata" pageId="0" pageNumber="57" rank="species" species="barbata">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">A. barbata</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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as synonyms, based again in part on femoral coloration and variation in male antennal length. However, comparison of photos of the holotype of
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<taxonomicName lsidName="A. barbata" pageId="0" pageNumber="57" rank="species" species="barbata">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">A. barbata</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(MCZ) and specimens from North America (Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Indiana, Kentucky, Missouri, New York, Pennsylvania, Texas, South Carolina, Virginia) with
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<taxonomicName lsidName="A. apicalis" pageId="0" pageNumber="57" rank="species" species="apicalis">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">A. apicalis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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from the West Indies (Dominica, Montserrat, Nevis, St. Lucia, St. Vincent) reveals that these species are distinct, most notably in the form of the male front tarsus and genitalia (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 18" captionStartId="F18" captionText="Figure 18. Tarsus I and terminalia of males A Achradocera apicalis (Aldrich), tarsus I, posterior view (Montserrat) B Achradocera barbata (Loew), tarsus I, posterior view (Kentucky, USA), arrows indicate ventral setae C Achradocera apicalis, tip of abdomen, left lateral (Montserrat) D Achradocera barbata, tip of abdomen, left lateral (Florida, USA). Scale bars: 0.25 mm (A, B), 0.5 mm (C, D)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.966.55192.figure18" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/450942" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">18</figureCitation>
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). The
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<taxonomicName lsidName="A. barbata" pageId="0" pageNumber="57" rank="species" species="barbata">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">A. barbata</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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type and male specimens from North America all have a distinct series of ventral setae on tarsus I (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 18" captionStartId="F18" captionText="Figure 18. Tarsus I and terminalia of males A Achradocera apicalis (Aldrich), tarsus I, posterior view (Montserrat) B Achradocera barbata (Loew), tarsus I, posterior view (Kentucky, USA), arrows indicate ventral setae C Achradocera apicalis, tip of abdomen, left lateral (Montserrat) D Achradocera barbata, tip of abdomen, left lateral (Florida, USA). Scale bars: 0.25 mm (A, B), 0.5 mm (C, D)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.966.55192.figure18" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/450942" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">18B</figureCitation>
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) whereas specimens from the West Indies (including syntypes from St. Vincent) lack these setae (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 18" captionStartId="F18" captionText="Figure 18. Tarsus I and terminalia of males A Achradocera apicalis (Aldrich), tarsus I, posterior view (Montserrat) B Achradocera barbata (Loew), tarsus I, posterior view (Kentucky, USA), arrows indicate ventral setae C Achradocera apicalis, tip of abdomen, left lateral (Montserrat) D Achradocera barbata, tip of abdomen, left lateral (Florida, USA). Scale bars: 0.25 mm (A, B), 0.5 mm (C, D)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.966.55192.figure18" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/450942" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">18A</figureCitation>
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). The surstylus and phallus are also very different, with
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<taxonomicName lsidName="A. barbata" pageId="0" pageNumber="57" rank="species" species="barbata">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">A. barbata</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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having the surstylus enlarged and rounded apically and phallus dorsally serrate (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 18" captionStartId="F18" captionText="Figure 18. Tarsus I and terminalia of males A Achradocera apicalis (Aldrich), tarsus I, posterior view (Montserrat) B Achradocera barbata (Loew), tarsus I, posterior view (Kentucky, USA), arrows indicate ventral setae C Achradocera apicalis, tip of abdomen, left lateral (Montserrat) D Achradocera barbata, tip of abdomen, left lateral (Florida, USA). Scale bars: 0.25 mm (A, B), 0.5 mm (C, D)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.966.55192.figure18" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/450942" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">18D</figureCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation author="Bickel, DJ" journalOrPublisher="Bishop Museum Occasional Papers" pageId="0" pageNumber="57" pagination="14 - 20" refId="B6" refString="Bickel, DJ, 2000. New World Achradocera in Hawai'i, Tonga, and French Polynesia, with discussion of the genus (Diptera: Dolichopodidae). Bishop Museum Occasional Papers 64: 14 - 20" title="New World Achradocera in Hawai'i, Tonga, and French Polynesia, with discussion of the genus (Diptera: Dolichopodidae)." volume="64" year="2000">Bickel 2000</bibRefCitation>
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: fig. 1a) but in
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<taxonomicName lsidName="A. apicalis" pageId="0" pageNumber="57" rank="species" species="apicalis">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">A. apicalis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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the surtylus is smaller and pointed apically and the phallus is not serrate (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 18" captionStartId="F18" captionText="Figure 18. Tarsus I and terminalia of males A Achradocera apicalis (Aldrich), tarsus I, posterior view (Montserrat) B Achradocera barbata (Loew), tarsus I, posterior view (Kentucky, USA), arrows indicate ventral setae C Achradocera apicalis, tip of abdomen, left lateral (Montserrat) D Achradocera barbata, tip of abdomen, left lateral (Florida, USA). Scale bars: 0.25 mm (A, B), 0.5 mm (C, D)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.966.55192.figure18" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/450942" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">18C</figureCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation author="Bickel, DJ" journalOrPublisher="Bishop Museum Occasional Papers" pageId="0" pageNumber="57" pagination="14 - 20" refId="B6" refString="Bickel, DJ, 2000. New World Achradocera in Hawai'i, Tonga, and French Polynesia, with discussion of the genus (Diptera: Dolichopodidae). Bishop Museum Occasional Papers 64: 14 - 20" title="New World Achradocera in Hawai'i, Tonga, and French Polynesia, with discussion of the genus (Diptera: Dolichopodidae)." volume="64" year="2000">Bickel 2000</bibRefCitation>
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: fig. 1e as
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<taxonomicName lsidName="A. barbata" pageId="0" pageNumber="57" rank="species" species="barbata">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">A. barbata</emphasis>
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|
</taxonomicName>
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|
). The antennal length in males of
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<taxonomicName lsidName="A. apicalis" pageId="0" pageNumber="57" rank="species" species="apicalis">
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|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">A. apicalis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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|
is highly variable, as noted by
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<bibRefCitation author="Bickel, DJ" journalOrPublisher="Bishop Museum Occasional Papers" pageId="0" pageNumber="57" pagination="14 - 20" refId="B6" refString="Bickel, DJ, 2000. New World Achradocera in Hawai'i, Tonga, and French Polynesia, with discussion of the genus (Diptera: Dolichopodidae). Bishop Museum Occasional Papers 64: 14 - 20" title="New World Achradocera in Hawai'i, Tonga, and French Polynesia, with discussion of the genus (Diptera: Dolichopodidae)." volume="64" year="2000">Bickel (2000)</bibRefCitation>
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, but in all available specimens is distinctly shorter than the antenna in males of
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<taxonomicName lsidName="A. barbata" pageId="0" pageNumber="57" rank="species" species="barbata">
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|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">A. barbata</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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|
. Therefore,
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<taxonomicName lsidName="A. apicalis" pageId="0" pageNumber="57" rank="species" species="apicalis">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">A. apicalis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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|
(Aldrich) is here removed from synonymy with
|
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<taxonomicName lsidName="A. barbata" pageId="0" pageNumber="57" rank="species" species="barbata">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">A. barbata</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(Loew). The species described in
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<bibRefCitation author="Bickel, DJ" journalOrPublisher="Bishop Museum Occasional Papers" pageId="0" pageNumber="57" pagination="14 - 20" refId="B6" refString="Bickel, DJ, 2000. New World Achradocera in Hawai'i, Tonga, and French Polynesia, with discussion of the genus (Diptera: Dolichopodidae). Bishop Museum Occasional Papers 64: 14 - 20" title="New World Achradocera in Hawai'i, Tonga, and French Polynesia, with discussion of the genus (Diptera: Dolichopodidae)." volume="64" year="2000">Bickel (2000)</bibRefCitation>
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as
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<taxonomicName lsidName="A. barbata" pageId="0" pageNumber="57" rank="species" species="barbata">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">A. barbata</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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|
is
|
|
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. apicalis" pageId="0" pageNumber="57" rank="species" species="apicalis">
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|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">A. apicalis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.966.55192.figure18" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/450942" pageId="0" pageNumber="57" start="Figure 18" startId="F18">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="57">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">Figure 18.</emphasis>
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Tarsus I and terminalia of males
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">A</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Dolichopodidae" genus="Achradocera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Achradocera apicalis" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="57" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="apicalis">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">Achradocera apicalis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(Aldrich), tarsus I, posterior view (Montserrat)
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">B</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Loew" baseAuthorityYear="1861" class="Insecta" family="Dolichopodidae" genus="Achradocera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Achradocera barbata" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="57" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="barbata">
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|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">Achradocera barbata</emphasis>
|
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</taxonomicName>
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|
(Loew), tarsus I, posterior view (Kentucky, USA), arrows indicate ventral setae
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">C</emphasis>
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|
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Dolichopodidae" genus="Achradocera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Achradocera apicalis" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="57" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="apicalis">
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|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">Achradocera apicalis</emphasis>
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|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
, tip of abdomen, left lateral (Montserrat)
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">D</emphasis>
|
|
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Loew" baseAuthorityYear="1861" class="Insecta" family="Dolichopodidae" genus="Achradocera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Achradocera barbata" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="57" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="barbata">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">Achradocera barbata</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
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|
, tip of abdomen, left lateral (Florida, USA). Scale bars: 0.25 mm (
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">A, B</emphasis>
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|
), 0.5 mm (
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">C, D</emphasis>
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|
).
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |