521 lines
79 KiB
XML
521 lines
79 KiB
XML
<document id="D5B85E80E8D94BDA1E7DB569ED7A6409" ENCODING="UTF-8" ID-GBIF-Dataset="caa93092-6ec2-4fc3-a298-722ee61880af" ModsDocID="z01067p001" checkinTime="1247054664313" checkinUser="thomas" docAuthor="Wilson J. E. M. Costa" docDate="2005" docId="2D5178B043E27A227F8379B5B04EFD03" docLanguage="en" docName="2005_Costa2_gg1.xml" docOrigin="Zootaxa 1067" docSource="http://www.zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:3A9C14FE-2B1A-408F-BACA-4F65D98E22FB" docTitle="Pterolebias Garman" docType="treatment" docVersion="13" lastPageNumber="5" masterDocId="2551B8783B24704F60CBEC56C4F62971" masterDocTitle="The Neotropical annual killifish genus Pterolebias Garman (Teleostei: Cyprinodontiformes: Rivulidae): phylogenetic relationships, descriptive morphology, and taxonomic revision." masterLastPageNumber="36" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="2" updateTime="1701325845312" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="FEBF2E123A29AF3DEC5FE667751EF4CA">The Neotropical annual killifish genus Pterolebias Garman (Teleostei: Cyprinodontiformes: Rivulidae): phylogenetic relationships, descriptive morphology, and taxonomic revision.</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="F7057A0976ECCA9A3D161D3F73DC8805">Wilson J. E. M. Costa</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="C474BE9030FDDCD9778AB808B2E4DF40">2005</mods:date>
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<treatment id="2D5178B043E27A227F8379B5B04EFD03" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6266683" ID-GBIF-Taxon="100119211" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6266683" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:2D5178B043E27A227F8379B5B04EFD03" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/2D5178B043E27A227F8379B5B04EFD03" lastPageNumber="5" pageNumber="2">
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<subSubSection id="16D006765A7A7D7B19CEB6093C912181" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="9EB385C91DD9EDFF3A40DAA2A80F41EF" pageNumber="2">
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[[ Genus
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<taxonomicName id="96747467705A79962D417E54524D43F9" ID-CoL="74RK" ID-ENA="60340" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:EF0F634C-4A82-4B33-86D6-31A498C4DB7C" family="Rivulidae" genus="Pterolebias" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Pterolebias Garman 1895:141" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageNumber="2" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Pterolebias Garman</taxonomicName>
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]]
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C9DA77FD2584890F813F0A4D88CB5B5A" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="691DFC5037E453D9724263FA2364E383" pageNumber="2">
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<taxonomicName id="721DDF1D4C3299C6951B193336931BB5" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:EF0F634C-4A82-4B33-86D6-31A498C4DB7C" family="Rivulidae" genus="Pterolebias" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Pterolebias Garman 1895:141" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageNumber="2" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Pterolebias Garman, 1895</taxonomicName>
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, occurs over a vast area of South America, including the eastern and southern Amazon River basin and the
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<normalizedToken id="29CF22CAA2EE8BCFF33D27A21C966EAA" originalValue="ParanáParaguay">Parana-Paraguay</normalizedToken>
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River system (Costa, 1998a). It is a well defined clade of annual killifishes, supported both by morphological (Costa, 1998a) and molecular studies (Murphy et al, 1999; Hrbek & Larson, 1999). However, its taxonomy is still poorly known. It includes four nominal species:
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<taxonomicName id="F6BCE0D0D954ACD70833B877567D2EC0" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:CDCDF67E-4003-4B96-B765-7E7BA7E46A93" family="Rivulidae" genus="Pterolebias" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Pterolebias longipinnis Garman 1895:142" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageNumber="2" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="longipinnis">P. longipinnis Garman, 1895</taxonomicName>
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;
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<taxonomicName id="2DB6F4EF1AC0B37951C3695D0616EFA2" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:F53F7AF3-340E-4EFE-93C2-478ACB197C80" family="Rivulidae" genus="Pterolebias" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Pterolebias bokermanni Travassos 1955:35" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageNumber="2" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bokermanni">P. bokermanni Travassos, 1969</taxonomicName>
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;
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<taxonomicName id="A1A31A26A365B5DC63ACFBB101C3E67E" family="Rivulidae" genus="Pterolebias" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageNumber="2" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="luelingi">P. luelingi (Meinken, 1969)</taxonomicName>
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; and
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<taxonomicName id="076F726AB57B287EB00C82FDC330F9B8" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:A68FF2CC-0501-4D84-BF18-691BD5FB08C4" family="Rivulidae" genus="Pterolebias" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Pterolebias phasianus Costa 1988:658" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageNumber="2" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="phasianus">P. phasianus Costa, 1988</taxonomicName>
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.
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<taxonomicName id="7F2BB22961C57913756D6BBDB1EC6925" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:CDCDF67E-4003-4B96-B765-7E7BA7E46A93" family="Rivulidae" genus="Pterolebias" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Pterolebias longipinnis Garman 1895:142" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageNumber="2" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="longipinnis">Pterolebias longipinnis</taxonomicName>
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has been recorded over the entire geographic range of the genus, from
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<normalizedToken id="D3426889C47A4E5B8373F3608AE937C6" originalValue="Marajó">Marajo</normalizedToken>
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Island in northern Brazil (about 1° S) to Corrientes in Argentina (about 28° S). Two nominal species from the Madeira River basin,
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<taxonomicName id="3EDF1D71979FB607C72AEA93E5E4C00E" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:F53F7AF3-340E-4EFE-93C2-478ACB197C80" family="Rivulidae" genus="Pterolebias" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Pterolebias bokermanni Travassos 1955:35" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageNumber="2" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bokermanni">P. bokermanni</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="CC6A3E513BB1C998D001DACA19A41BA4" family="Rivulidae" genus="Pterolebias" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageNumber="2" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="luelingi">P. luelingi</taxonomicName>
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, are insufficiently diagnosed and not distinguishable from
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<taxonomicName id="9D3912B397CA9349BE5FE814002947AC" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:CDCDF67E-4003-4B96-B765-7E7BA7E46A93" family="Rivulidae" genus="Pterolebias" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Pterolebias longipinnis Garman 1895:142" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageNumber="2" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="longipinnis">P. longipinnis</taxonomicName>
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(Thomerson, 1984; Costa, 1988).
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<taxonomicName id="AB55318C72133BF94CE708305BBD2E99" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:A68FF2CC-0501-4D84-BF18-691BD5FB08C4" family="Rivulidae" genus="Pterolebias" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Pterolebias phasianus Costa 1988:658" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageNumber="2" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="phasianus">Pterolebias phasianus</taxonomicName>
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is a distinctively slender species with a unique color pattern. Relationships of
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<taxonomicName id="D66B305521ADCB1CE55567E1DDE4007A" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:EF0F634C-4A82-4B33-86D6-31A498C4DB7C" family="Rivulidae" genus="Pterolebias" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Pterolebias Garman 1895:141" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageNumber="2" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Pterolebias</taxonomicName>
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to other rivulid genera are also controversial. The hypothesis generated by morphological phylogenetic analysis indicates that
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<taxonomicName id="4CE484E1BAF001AEF207178F113482D1" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:EF0F634C-4A82-4B33-86D6-31A498C4DB7C" family="Rivulidae" genus="Pterolebias" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Pterolebias Garman 1895:141" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageNumber="2" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Pterolebias</taxonomicName>
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is the sister group to
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<taxonomicName id="A219D300171C192BDD235826A71140EE" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:C8DC9E17-42A0-4D0C-A6E4-FBB00CD1ACF1" family="Rivulidae" genus="Gnatholebias" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Gnatholebias Costa 1998:77" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageNumber="2" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Gnatholebias Costa, 1998</taxonomicName>
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, an annual killifish genus occurring in the Orinoco River basin and adjacent coastal river basins in Venezuela and Colombia (Costa, 1998a). However, hypotheses derived from molecular studies support
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<taxonomicName id="22B11EDF585C6F896E6E213AEA49C5CA" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:C8DC9E17-42A0-4D0C-A6E4-FBB00CD1ACF1" family="Rivulidae" genus="Gnatholebias" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Gnatholebias Costa 1998:77" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageNumber="2" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Gnatholebias</taxonomicName>
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as more closely related to other annual rivulid genera endemic to northern South America (i.e.,
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<taxonomicName id="38209D31CB3F693A78B1B972579D486C" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:16EFCBAB-4C86-44E9-ABE3-5AEA156A832E" family="Rivulidae" genus="Renova" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Renova Thomerson & Taphorn 1995:186" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageNumber="2" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Renova Thomerson & Taphorn, 1995</taxonomicName>
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;
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<taxonomicName id="EC4D1A15468B122D07DD7A319D2073CA" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:79CEE90A-5FE1-406E-BE38-5DF8C249CD32" family="Rivulidae" genus="Terranatos" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Terranatos Taphorn & Thomerson 1978:384" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageNumber="2" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Terranatos Taphorn & Thomerson, 1978</taxonomicName>
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;
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<taxonomicName id="DE582FCB6A7346D780B91789818A3336" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:763FE250-1022-45BD-8F75-E7E164A2172E" family="Rivulidae" genus="Micromoema" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Micromoema Costa 1998:78" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageNumber="2" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Micromoema Costa, 1998</taxonomicName>
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;
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<taxonomicName id="3987C62060386E406349056E7461AC4D" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:F12E2023-61ED-419A-BF66-AB71508F9A02" family="Rivulidae" genus="Rachovia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Rachovia Myers 1927:119" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageNumber="2" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Rachovia Myers, 1927</taxonomicName>
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; and
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<taxonomicName id="7F5593AAFB290E0EA0C9D331C811CF62" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:A12D02B2-18D2-450F-B6ED-A28984BAD110" family="Rivulidae" genus="Austrofundulus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Austrofundulus Myers 1932:159" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageNumber="2" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Austrofundulus Myers, 1932</taxonomicName>
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) than to
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<taxonomicName id="35A799C05C06C19EB65A9639D6DE277B" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:EF0F634C-4A82-4B33-86D6-31A498C4DB7C" family="Rivulidae" genus="Pterolebias" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Pterolebias Garman 1895:141" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageNumber="2" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Pterolebias</taxonomicName>
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(Murphy et al., 1999; Hrbek & Larson, 1999). The objectives of the present study are: 1) to provide a detailed description of morphological traits of
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<taxonomicName id="CA26D43677CC5D19FD46BD0793C3D2C7" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:EF0F634C-4A82-4B33-86D6-31A498C4DB7C" family="Rivulidae" genus="Pterolebias" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Pterolebias Garman 1895:141" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageNumber="2" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Pterolebias</taxonomicName>
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, which in turn allows better morphological character analyses; 2) to identify informative characters useful for the diagnoses of species, based on large collections totaling over 400 specimens over the entire geographic range of the genus; and 3) to recognize and redescribe the valid species.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="3BB795E622DF458CE1F2E37A4831CC99" pageNumber="2">Taxonomic History</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="5B1D4AF1819F4711F26E81547FAEF1F0" lastPageNumber="3" pageNumber="2">
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<taxonomicName id="B3C099CCFF5971E8F5AB8C0B62616978" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:EF0F634C-4A82-4B33-86D6-31A498C4DB7C" family="Rivulidae" genus="Pterolebias" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Pterolebias Garman 1895:141" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageNumber="2" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Pterolebias</taxonomicName>
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was first described to include a single species,
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<taxonomicName id="6D8E1C0D2CA4C7A57C5764D8FF795813" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:CDCDF67E-4003-4B96-B765-7E7BA7E46A93" family="Rivulidae" genus="Pterolebias" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Pterolebias longipinnis Garman 1895:142" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageNumber="2" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="longipinnis">P. longipinnis Garman</taxonomicName>
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, collected in the eastern Brazilian Amazon during the Thayer Expedition (1865-1866) (Garman, 1895). In Garman’s key to identification of cyprinodontiform genera,
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<taxonomicName id="B90E28012618C15B9C5AAC0C48810AEA" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:EF0F634C-4A82-4B33-86D6-31A498C4DB7C" family="Rivulidae" genus="Pterolebias" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Pterolebias Garman 1895:141" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageNumber="2" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Pterolebias</taxonomicName>
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was distinguished from the other two rivulid genera known at that time,
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<taxonomicName id="968D63FD6478F7C7C7F6D2A4BE8CFFFC" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:7737CC47-FB47-4DAF-87C2-18950BAD40FA" family="Rivulidae" genus="Rivulus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Rivulus Poey 1860:307" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageNumber="2" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Rivulus Poey, 1860</taxonomicName>
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, and
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<taxonomicName id="09731C7E172F768CF192832F12557634" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:4ECB6721-F186-470F-BF8F-5495ADE351AB" family="Rivulidae" genus="Cynolebias" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Cynolebias Steindachner 1876:172" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageNumber="2" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Cynolebias Steindachner, 1876</taxonomicName>
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, by having “body sharp-edged
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<pageStartToken id="08B996046A3B83616D1E3AE638306E04" pageNumber="3">behind</pageStartToken>
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vent”. This condition was repeatedly listed as diagnostic for
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<taxonomicName id="BD88D3B7587FE2534025AC13B0F14380" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:EF0F634C-4A82-4B33-86D6-31A498C4DB7C" family="Rivulidae" genus="Pterolebias" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Pterolebias Garman 1895:141" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageNumber="2" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Pterolebias</taxonomicName>
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(e. g., Regan, 1912; Myers, 1927), but it was considered to be a possible artifact of preservation by Myers (in Weitzman & Wourms, 1967).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="E0F58BCCEB6EE002D180C2BC08AE4B01" pageNumber="3">
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<pageStartToken id="49EC42B00921AAE829A8648CCC60194C" pageNumber="3">In</pageStartToken>
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the 20th century, nine new species over a wide area of South America, including the Orinoco, Amazonas and Paraguay river basins, were assigned to the genus
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<taxonomicName id="FC31C5F531D4C49A34B3450877766038" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:EF0F634C-4A82-4B33-86D6-31A498C4DB7C" family="Rivulidae" genus="Pterolebias" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Pterolebias Garman 1895:141" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageNumber="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Pterolebias</taxonomicName>
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:
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<taxonomicName id="498E8009CDC09419B6F266FF1A3F88E0" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:3965B8E4-A80F-499B-9020-09BD31D6D4B8" family="Rivulidae" genus="Pterolebias" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Pterolebias peruensis Myers 1954:176" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageNumber="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="peruensis">P. peruensis Myers</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="D6265DA7EC5B6220E5302443BA3F744F" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:DD8D587E-8F5E-49F4-95B3-E9D7B35D14D0" family="Rivulidae" genus="Pterolebias" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Pterolebias wischmanni Seegers 1983:68" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageNumber="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="wischmanni">P. wischmanni Seegers</taxonomicName>
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, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="90E53E1695FF4877D19ED4AAAD640BBD" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:AD9BC2CD-7A2C-49F9-92C7-E5C2063FAD0E" family="Rivulidae" genus="Pterolebias" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Pterolebias rubrocaudatus Seegers 1984:243" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageNumber="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rubrocaudatus">P. rubrocaudatus Seegers</taxonomicName>
|
||
, from the Peruvian Amazon (Myers, 1954; Seegers, 1983, 1984),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F11C272510F4DD4C1E576D4971268940" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:F53F7AF3-340E-4EFE-93C2-478ACB197C80" family="Rivulidae" genus="Pterolebias" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Pterolebias bokermanni Travassos 1955:35" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageNumber="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bokermanni">P. bokermanni</taxonomicName>
|
||
from the Madeira River drainage of Brazil (Travassos, 1955),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0A39B5EEBADBA38DA691B0FEBE80A212" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:C1F73882-7AC2-4DA3-A752-C75A17D21129" family="Rivulidae" genus="Pterolebias" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Pterolebias zonatus Myers 1935:7" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageNumber="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="zonatus">P. zonatus Myers</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="46AB855E577E89480F6FCB33DBD6FB4A" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:76BAB078-AD31-4BC2-A7B2-3FCBBE257BF2" family="Rivulidae" genus="Pterolebias" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Pterolebias maculipinnis Radda & Weibezahn 1964:41" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageNumber="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="maculipinnis">P. maculipinnis Radda</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="DAE4837DF609FD0F71786DEF6DBC922A" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:065824B5-F680-4E0E-B06F-58010A8758FF" family="Rivulidae" genus="Pterolebias" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Pterolebias hoignei Thomerson 1974:31" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageNumber="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hoignei">P. hoignei Thomerson</taxonomicName>
|
||
from the Orinoco basin of Venezuela (Myers, 1935; Radda, 1964; Thomerson, 1974),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="417F6E7FCDA163608BADCC2347A300E2" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:7799F3D1-CF7B-4A8F-B137-561FD0B51056" family="Rivulidae" genus="Pterolebias" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Pterolebias staecki Seegers 1987:202" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageNumber="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="staecki">P. staecki Seegers</taxonomicName>
|
||
from the Brazilian central Amazon basin (Seegers, 1987),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5190F296B260F50D314B0942FD63C8E2" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:A68FF2CC-0501-4D84-BF18-691BD5FB08C4" family="Rivulidae" genus="Pterolebias" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Pterolebias phasianus Costa 1988:658" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageNumber="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="phasianus">P. phasianus Costa</taxonomicName>
|
||
from the Paraguay River basin, Brazil (Costa, 1988), and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C013218803B74FB3E32EF71736B30BA9" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:5B1CA50D-C5D4-4577-A22A-7AB4B4D14C13" family="Rivulidae" genus="Pterolebias" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Pterolebias obliquus Costa, Sarmiento & Barrera 1996:92" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageNumber="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="obliquus">P. obliquus Costa, Sarmiento & Barrera</taxonomicName>
|
||
from the Bolivian Amazon (Costa et al., 1996). When new collections of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1D7E3D0835324124C5D23AE4057D5B1A" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:CDCDF67E-4003-4B96-B765-7E7BA7E46A93" family="Rivulidae" genus="Pterolebias" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Pterolebias longipinnis Garman 1895:142" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageNumber="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="longipinnis">P. longipinnis</taxonomicName>
|
||
were made in regions distant from the type locality, including the
|
||
<normalizedToken id="A07C0CD952A596E8650132BEC01B8A58" originalValue="Paraná-Paraguay">Parana-Paraguay</normalizedToken>
|
||
River basin of Argentina and Paraguay (Alonsode-Aramburu, 1961), this species became the most geographically widespread South American annual fish known.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="4EC739AB20B4FAB2F62134392075A823" pageNumber="3">
|
||
During the 1970s, a new annual fish species of unknown South American origin was reported in the aquarium literature as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="552765C7BAC724E10A23FD48A9038BB8" family="Rivulidae" genus="Pterolebias" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageNumber="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nsc-1">Pterolebias NSC-1</taxonomicName>
|
||
(e. g., Terceira, 1973). Costa (1989) recognized it as an undescribed genus and species, which he described as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9F99FC75CF5EEE05E01E707090B79D38" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:6DF71545-44D7-450F-B4F2-8A6C62A842EC" family="Rivulidae" genus="Moema" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Moema piriana Costa 1989:223" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageNumber="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="piriana">Moema piriana Costa</taxonomicName>
|
||
from the eastern Brazilian Amazon.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="0297F12EDBCB0866C985F536B6C7C290" pageNumber="3">
|
||
Thomerson (1984), following comparison of the original description of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8680E78C084D6A90510615D45F5899E9" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:A1AFFABB-34D6-41C3-9037-B24480828AC8" family="Rivulidae" genus="Rivulichthys" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Rivulichthys luelingi Meinken 1969:423" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageNumber="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="luelingi">Rivulichthys luelingi Meinken</taxonomicName>
|
||
, from the Chapare River floodplains, Madeira River drainage, Bolivian Amazon, with data obtained from the examination of type specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A62F7D038594B3E1150C3331BA196A98" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:CDCDF67E-4003-4B96-B765-7E7BA7E46A93" family="Rivulidae" genus="Pterolebias" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Pterolebias longipinnis Garman 1895:142" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageNumber="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="longipinnis">P. longipinnis</taxonomicName>
|
||
, concluded that the former is a synonym of the latter. Costa (1988) examined the type specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="91A5AD588CA5141C86E6681D73B37593" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:F53F7AF3-340E-4EFE-93C2-478ACB197C80" family="Rivulidae" genus="Pterolebias" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Pterolebias bokermanni Travassos 1955:35" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageNumber="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bokermanni">P. bokermanni</taxonomicName>
|
||
and did not find characters useful for distinguishing it from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C5ED8AE462207F06FF91F4D5D3288E6D" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:CDCDF67E-4003-4B96-B765-7E7BA7E46A93" family="Rivulidae" genus="Pterolebias" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Pterolebias longipinnis Garman 1895:142" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageNumber="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="longipinnis">P. longipinnis</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but preferred not to synonymize these species, since data on live color patterns were not available at that time. However, Huber (1995) identified
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8B0EC393FDF334FADB26CBC4240D25CE" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:CDCDF67E-4003-4B96-B765-7E7BA7E46A93" family="Rivulidae" genus="Pterolebias" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Pterolebias longipinnis Garman 1895:142" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageNumber="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="longipinnis">Pterolebias sp. aff. longipinnis</taxonomicName>
|
||
from the Paraguay River basin, thus suggesting it to be a distinct species, but he provided no justification for his opinion. Schindler & Staeck (1993a, b) provided data on recent collections of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2932ABAD3865E98D8BEA188B6EB72E7E" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:EF0F634C-4A82-4B33-86D6-31A498C4DB7C" family="Rivulidae" genus="Pterolebias" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Pterolebias Garman 1895:141" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageNumber="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Pterolebias</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and, in addition, Schindler (2004) recognized
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E5E4C75E9D8F1133D607DA52BF3785E1" family="Rivulidae" genus="Pterolebias" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageNumber="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="luelingi">Pterolebias luelingi</taxonomicName>
|
||
as a valid species, and reported diagnostic features for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1A7E0C0848351EE0A4E4EA557C4BC905" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:F53F7AF3-340E-4EFE-93C2-478ACB197C80" family="Rivulidae" genus="Pterolebias" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Pterolebias bokermanni Travassos 1955:35" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageNumber="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bokermanni">P. bokermanni</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F4B052516500BABD2B2407B88F2DBF31" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:CDCDF67E-4003-4B96-B765-7E7BA7E46A93" family="Rivulidae" genus="Pterolebias" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Pterolebias longipinnis Garman 1895:142" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageNumber="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="longipinnis">P. longipinnis</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="B235B1FF3F223ACE3E48C1A25D45C2F2" pageNumber="3">
|
||
For almost 60 years after Garmans paper, no additional diagnostic data were provided for the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="68A3C08DF759E6AC1EF65899D4BFD2B7" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:EF0F634C-4A82-4B33-86D6-31A498C4DB7C" family="Rivulidae" genus="Pterolebias" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Pterolebias Garman 1895:141" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageNumber="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Pterolebias</taxonomicName>
|
||
and no hypothesis of relationships was erected. Myers (1954) suggested
|
||
<taxonomicName id="AA64EB8F465CCF3A1EE0F0210D0831E4" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:EF0F634C-4A82-4B33-86D6-31A498C4DB7C" family="Rivulidae" genus="Pterolebias" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Pterolebias Garman 1895:141" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageNumber="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Pterolebias</taxonomicName>
|
||
as being closely related to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="99D367CFEBA14363D556A9A33C2BC372" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:F12E2023-61ED-419A-BF66-AB71508F9A02" family="Rivulidae" genus="Rachovia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Rachovia Myers 1927:119" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageNumber="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Rachovia</taxonomicName>
|
||
, due to the common occurrence of a short pelvic fin in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3B7C6E39A9962AD5D375819202188712" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:F12E2023-61ED-419A-BF66-AB71508F9A02" family="Rivulidae" genus="Rachovia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Rachovia Myers 1927:119" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageNumber="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Rachovia</taxonomicName>
|
||
and in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1880BF82F030CFC808FE07DB4AC5E1D3" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:3965B8E4-A80F-499B-9020-09BD31D6D4B8" family="Rivulidae" genus="Pterolebias" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Pterolebias peruensis Myers 1954:176" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageNumber="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="peruensis">P. peruensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
. However, a short pelvic fin is the primitive condition for rivulids, occurring in most aplocheiloid taxa, and does not, by itself, indicate a close relationship between
|
||
<taxonomicName id="821BA79696E8E0C54AD24C95483F9B48" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:EF0F634C-4A82-4B33-86D6-31A498C4DB7C" family="Rivulidae" genus="Pterolebias" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Pterolebias Garman 1895:141" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageNumber="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Pterolebias</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0754F9CF4715B373AC0C99F54595B838" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:F12E2023-61ED-419A-BF66-AB71508F9A02" family="Rivulidae" genus="Rachovia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Rachovia Myers 1927:119" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageNumber="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Rachovia</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="EDC9BEE677B011629AC7D48453AD9BCF" lastPageNumber="4" pageNumber="3">
|
||
Weitzman & Wourms (1967) hypothesized that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BEA58DB21B7517E3F1819AA010FB1856" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:F12E2023-61ED-419A-BF66-AB71508F9A02" family="Rivulidae" genus="Rachovia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Rachovia Myers 1927:119" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageNumber="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Rachovia</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="38BBC7A46272F3DF6E2A7C3C0D1C5866" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:EF0F634C-4A82-4B33-86D6-31A498C4DB7C" family="Rivulidae" genus="Pterolebias" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Pterolebias Garman 1895:141" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageNumber="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Pterolebias</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="38BC320A2FEE82AF3FC9E3DF8953C9AE" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:A12D02B2-18D2-450F-B6ED-A28984BAD110" family="Rivulidae" genus="Austrofundulus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Austrofundulus Myers 1932:159" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageNumber="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Austrofundulus</taxonomicName>
|
||
(including
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6899A51825BE21019BD989F596EE722F" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:79CEE90A-5FE1-406E-BE38-5DF8C249CD32" family="Rivulidae" genus="Terranatos" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Terranatos Taphorn & Thomerson 1978:384" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageNumber="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Terranatos</taxonomicName>
|
||
) form a natural assemblage, based on their common
|
||
<pageStartToken id="C70DC9AC65F930B78C378B53D4905903" pageNumber="4">geographic</pageStartToken>
|
||
distribution in northern South America and presence of scales on the caudal fin. However, although both
|
||
<taxonomicName id="583B1EE76C111ED066BF7C114B55EBA5" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:F12E2023-61ED-419A-BF66-AB71508F9A02" family="Rivulidae" genus="Rachovia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Rachovia Myers 1927:119" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageNumber="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Rachovia</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9084C0749E4EF2569F890F942CE688C3" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:A12D02B2-18D2-450F-B6ED-A28984BAD110" family="Rivulidae" genus="Austrofundulus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Austrofundulus Myers 1932:159" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageNumber="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Austrofundulus</taxonomicName>
|
||
have scales extensively covering the caudal fin, this condition does not occur in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4A6DA6A878B4AD49E6CF2EF0736E998C" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:EF0F634C-4A82-4B33-86D6-31A498C4DB7C" family="Rivulidae" genus="Pterolebias" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Pterolebias Garman 1895:141" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageNumber="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Pterolebias</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but is present in other rivulid genera (i. e.,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="58BE595772420897C36D967EA469E284" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:0F645D72-115E-42BA-8B08-E897985122EF" family="Rivulidae" genus="Neofundulus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Neofundulus Myers 1924:9" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageNumber="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Neofundulus Myers</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="05B14E75FDA154101B0E53C03769F4E2" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:18C84D55-2F8E-4762-9A89-63AA5A49DFA0" family="Rivulidae" genus="Trigonectes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Trigonectes Myers 1925:371" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageNumber="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Trigonectes Myers</taxonomicName>
|
||
); therefore, it does not support monophyly of the group including
|
||
<taxonomicName id="10526D76462C836358FDBC8561ADE96A" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:F12E2023-61ED-419A-BF66-AB71508F9A02" family="Rivulidae" genus="Rachovia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Rachovia Myers 1927:119" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageNumber="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Rachovia</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F900707A8A64B1202491B85147A8CDD3" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:EF0F634C-4A82-4B33-86D6-31A498C4DB7C" family="Rivulidae" genus="Pterolebias" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Pterolebias Garman 1895:141" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageNumber="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Pterolebias</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="AE0E1C3034C6A0B6D847750AD5696DA5" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:A12D02B2-18D2-450F-B6ED-A28984BAD110" family="Rivulidae" genus="Austrofundulus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Austrofundulus Myers 1932:159" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageNumber="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Austrofundulus</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Weitzman & Wourms (1967) also proposed a group including
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E98F878C13FF08802A7CDFE6BEE35FAB" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:4ECB6721-F186-470F-BF8F-5495ADE351AB" family="Rivulidae" genus="Cynolebias" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Cynolebias Steindachner 1876:172" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageNumber="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Cynolebias</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D13CEC33538FACCEB8CB7BA5691D80DB" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:E7188589-1C4C-45CC-B6E9-F46B1BE6BCEB" family="Rivulidae" genus="Cynopoecilus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Cynopoecilus Regan 1912:642" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageNumber="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Cynopoecilus Regan</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A98DB8B815C794F4670D6D06BD4645C7" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:EF0F634C-4A82-4B33-86D6-31A498C4DB7C" family="Rivulidae" genus="Pterolebias" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Pterolebias Garman 1895:141" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageNumber="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Pterolebias</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="ACE2DD8FD02EE360C300D68126AC8B9A" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:F12E2023-61ED-419A-BF66-AB71508F9A02" family="Rivulidae" genus="Rachovia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Rachovia Myers 1927:119" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageNumber="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Rachovia</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57E78DD4CB4B19AFDD93DC4F3C97D187" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:A12D02B2-18D2-450F-B6ED-A28984BAD110" family="Rivulidae" genus="Austrofundulus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Austrofundulus Myers 1932:159" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageNumber="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Austrofundulus</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BC06ECC766D2D1C94AD1E9A6D90703D0" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:CE400DE5-780B-498C-81D5-B7A4D36C7B18" family="Rivulidae" genus="Leptolebias" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Leptolebias Cynolebias Myers 1952:140" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageNumber="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Leptolebias Myers</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A90B611503343503397810499D574140" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:BD08FA7B-788B-4285-9548-0F120F97465D" family="Rivulidae" genus="Simpsonichthys" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Simpsonichthys Carvalho 1959:2" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageNumber="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Simpsonichthys de Carvalho</taxonomicName>
|
||
, based on the possession of thickened rays on the anterior half of the anal fin in females. According to Parenti (1981), however, this derived condition is not present in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BEEC86E3B195BA40D3289B4F25C84437" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:EF0F634C-4A82-4B33-86D6-31A498C4DB7C" family="Rivulidae" genus="Pterolebias" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Pterolebias Garman 1895:141" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageNumber="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Pterolebias</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="B8A9F99C0B27F41756412E376CE4582E" pageNumber="4">
|
||
<pageStartToken id="815F6E83D0E178059A64093B1FD704C9" pageNumber="4">Thomerson</pageStartToken>
|
||
(1974) suggested that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E474D90C34A62796F08E4BE9E499D767" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:EF0F634C-4A82-4B33-86D6-31A498C4DB7C" family="Rivulidae" genus="Pterolebias" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Pterolebias Garman 1895:141" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Pterolebias</taxonomicName>
|
||
is an artificial assemblage, but provided no justification for this conclusion. In contrast, Parenti (1981) considered
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9EC91F2ECCA649A8FE64EFED30CF435" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:EF0F634C-4A82-4B33-86D6-31A498C4DB7C" family="Rivulidae" genus="Pterolebias" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Pterolebias Garman 1895:141" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Pterolebias</taxonomicName>
|
||
to be a monophyletic group diagnosed by the absence of an interarcual cartilage, based on examination of cleared and stained specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2FE4BA1A72F6F961001F6E8CA1F357CC" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:CDCDF67E-4003-4B96-B765-7E7BA7E46A93" family="Rivulidae" genus="Pterolebias" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Pterolebias longipinnis Garman 1895:142" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="longipinnis">P. longipinnis</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D22952340F7ABDEF328CDD5748D2F24C" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:C1F73882-7AC2-4DA3-A752-C75A17D21129" family="Rivulidae" genus="Pterolebias" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Pterolebias zonatus Myers 1935:7" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="zonatus">P. zonatus</taxonomicName>
|
||
. However, Costa (1990) noted that the interarcual cartilage is present in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B0FBC02191FC43423AD15A8117B104FC" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:EF0F634C-4A82-4B33-86D6-31A498C4DB7C" family="Rivulidae" genus="Pterolebias" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Pterolebias Garman 1895:141" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Pterolebias</taxonomicName>
|
||
, although very reduced, a condition later considered a synapomorphy for the genera
|
||
<taxonomicName id="27F2BB1DD88C0D93D837E27A85C56B75" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:EF0F634C-4A82-4B33-86D6-31A498C4DB7C" family="Rivulidae" genus="Pterolebias" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Pterolebias Garman 1895:141" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Pterolebias</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8603D7B08620269E40A8B42B37F7B944" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:C8DC9E17-42A0-4D0C-A6E4-FBB00CD1ACF1" family="Rivulidae" genus="Gnatholebias" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Gnatholebias Costa 1998:77" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Gnatholebias</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Costa, 1998a). Parenti (1981) recognized
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D7B02C5E897010EDDE4A436C00585520" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:EF0F634C-4A82-4B33-86D6-31A498C4DB7C" family="Rivulidae" genus="Pterolebias" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Pterolebias Garman 1895:141" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Pterolebias</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D454C81F55346527F0C8F1C0D76FFA93" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:18C84D55-2F8E-4762-9A89-63AA5A49DFA0" family="Rivulidae" genus="Trigonectes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Trigonectes Myers 1925:371" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Trigonectes</taxonomicName>
|
||
as sister to a clade including
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FF99F39BEACDA267432FA64D10764B37" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:0F645D72-115E-42BA-8B08-E897985122EF" family="Rivulidae" genus="Neofundulus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Neofundulus Myers 1924:9" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Neofundulus</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="50127623184DFA8F677F9E20496D586B" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:F12E2023-61ED-419A-BF66-AB71508F9A02" family="Rivulidae" genus="Rachovia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Rachovia Myers 1927:119" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Rachovia</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EBF2577B8AE423A528D60DAFD8234E91" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:A12D02B2-18D2-450F-B6ED-A28984BAD110" family="Rivulidae" genus="Austrofundulus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Austrofundulus Myers 1932:159" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Austrofundulus</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="CCF1D75B96B0773525416CA3B50FAAD3" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:4ECB6721-F186-470F-BF8F-5495ADE351AB" family="Rivulidae" genus="Cynolebias" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Cynolebias Steindachner 1876:172" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Cynolebias</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the latter including
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5C4E93BCD4F2E8B2C03784E4251EA463" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:79CEE90A-5FE1-406E-BE38-5DF8C249CD32" family="Rivulidae" genus="Terranatos" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Terranatos Taphorn & Thomerson 1978:384" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Terranatos</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57F816E6F9A99BDFDEAE9DEAA35EB24A" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:CE400DE5-780B-498C-81D5-B7A4D36C7B18" family="Rivulidae" genus="Leptolebias" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Leptolebias Cynolebias Myers 1952:140" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Leptolebias</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="91D84642818D24381DDA5D53CB8756B1" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:E7188589-1C4C-45CC-B6E9-F46B1BE6BCEB" family="Rivulidae" genus="Cynopoecilus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Cynopoecilus Regan 1912:642" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Cynopoecilus</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5A426AF11974B664759135B7467498B7" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:BD08FA7B-788B-4285-9548-0F120F97465D" family="Rivulidae" genus="Simpsonichthys" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Simpsonichthys Carvalho 1959:2" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Simpsonichthys</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which were considered synonyms of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A68BCD29E010D4AB77507CC9F978D5C3" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:4ECB6721-F186-470F-BF8F-5495ADE351AB" family="Rivulidae" genus="Cynolebias" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Cynolebias Steindachner 1876:172" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Cynolebias</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="44BE1B4FE31F3F669AE481B7F99AD35F" pageNumber="4">
|
||
Costa (1989, 1990) hypothesized
|
||
<taxonomicName id="AD7B15DD78F3328249BB3CCC03B23A95" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:EF0F634C-4A82-4B33-86D6-31A498C4DB7C" family="Rivulidae" genus="Pterolebias" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Pterolebias Garman 1895:141" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Pterolebias</taxonomicName>
|
||
to be the sister group of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="44F53906576738FC99D2715B7A6EE5D1" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:9B0B7242-C581-472B-9727-F6C16CCCFD8A" family="Rivulidae" genus="Pituna" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Pituna Costa 1989:225" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Pituna Costa</taxonomicName>
|
||
based on a reduced interarcual cartilage and widened proximal radiais of the anal fin, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1C165D2389321F64E94E5AEA2B37AA48" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:EF0F634C-4A82-4B33-86D6-31A498C4DB7C" family="Rivulidae" genus="Pterolebias" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Pterolebias Garman 1895:141" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Pterolebias</taxonomicName>
|
||
was diagnosed by the possession of eight pelvic-fin rays and a lengthened caudal fin in males. Thomerson & Taphorn (1992) criticized the employment of eight pelvic-fin rays to diagnose
|
||
<taxonomicName id="82C986E0A29FCE69CBB73EA45AFF85DD" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:EF0F634C-4A82-4B33-86D6-31A498C4DB7C" family="Rivulidae" genus="Pterolebias" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Pterolebias Garman 1895:141" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Pterolebias</taxonomicName>
|
||
, since
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FC636031D6AE165DF9D17A0EDBEE5A96" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:A1AFFABB-34D6-41C3-9037-B24480828AC8" family="Rivulidae" genus="Rivulichthys" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Rivulichthys luelingi Meinken 1969:423" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="luelingi">Rivulichthys luelingi</taxonomicName>
|
||
(then considered as a synonym of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="67371305CD91B4CD3524E7FC2CF6A084" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:CDCDF67E-4003-4B96-B765-7E7BA7E46A93" family="Rivulidae" genus="Pterolebias" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Pterolebias longipinnis Garman 1895:142" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="longipinnis">P. longipinnis</taxonomicName>
|
||
) and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="68477EC15D911D0E501FB4D2E448B743" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:065824B5-F680-4E0E-B06F-58010A8758FF" family="Rivulidae" genus="Pterolebias" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Pterolebias hoignei Thomerson 1974:31" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hoignei">P. hoignei</taxonomicName>
|
||
may sometimes have fewer pelvic-fin rays. However, Costa (1998a) asserted the non-variability of this character state in all material examined, which is in accordance with the present study.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="6C1C0182875CCCD7CBE2FB01E5B3BFEB" lastPageNumber="5" pageNumber="4">
|
||
Costa (1998a) analyzed morphological traits, including osteology, laterosensory system, fin morphology and color patterns, and some sexual behavior patterns. This analysis indicated that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="CDC54E1D56AC35DFBCADC0CE25DE2891" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:EF0F634C-4A82-4B33-86D6-31A498C4DB7C" family="Rivulidae" genus="Pterolebias" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Pterolebias Garman 1895:141" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Pterolebias</taxonomicName>
|
||
was a paraphyletic assemblage, and consequently it was divided into four genera:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F4F307E4885C8577E5F0305AFB70524A" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:EF0F634C-4A82-4B33-86D6-31A498C4DB7C" family="Rivulidae" genus="Pterolebias" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Pterolebias Garman 1895:141" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Pterolebias</taxonomicName>
|
||
, including
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7C411D3516DCD3333F0622EE3F14FAAE" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:CDCDF67E-4003-4B96-B765-7E7BA7E46A93" family="Rivulidae" genus="Pterolebias" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Pterolebias longipinnis Garman 1895:142" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="longipinnis">P. longipinnis</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B09919C50E097F8F5188588BBB6651E3" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:A68FF2CC-0501-4D84-BF18-691BD5FB08C4" family="Rivulidae" genus="Pterolebias" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Pterolebias phasianus Costa 1988:658" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="phasianus">P. phasianus</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FAC3E9B3476BCB992253F4C1ADBEE629" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:C8DC9E17-42A0-4D0C-A6E4-FBB00CD1ACF1" family="Rivulidae" genus="Gnatholebias" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Gnatholebias Costa 1998:77" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Gnatholebias</taxonomicName>
|
||
, including
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0411C661EFD7F2A5962219C458E9CDEF" family="Rivulidae" genus="Gnatholebias" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="zonatus">G. zonatus</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A7374609F7724EFC82DABACBEABDB964" family="Rivulidae" genus="Gnatholebias" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hoignei">G. hoignei</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FE41C723CD1C5298DE72FEB23593D494" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:F913F3E6-E328-4D4A-BB0B-D7722E5A6786" family="Rivulidae" genus="Aphyolebias" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Aphyolebias Costa 1998:78" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Aphyolebias Costa</taxonomicName>
|
||
, including
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1EB0B083063B5CDABC80CBDBFEA6A303" family="Rivulidae" genus="Aphyolebias" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="peruensis">A. peruensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="54B93F40D3EFB64E0B6E5657E25B3DD4" family="Rivulidae" genus="Aphyolebias" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="wischmanni">A. wischmanni</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EEAADB5E66A43B6E424BC9560F609D65" family="Rivulidae" genus="Aphyolebias" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rubrocaudatus">A. rubrocaudatus</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9722C3EA10D7F68704D64D559BFD781" family="Rivulidae" genus="Aphyolebias" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="obliquus">A. obliquus</taxonomicName>
|
||
; and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0F4C65D2BB806FEB5EE6A89166C87B0B" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:763FE250-1022-45BD-8F75-E7E164A2172E" family="Rivulidae" genus="Micromoema" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Micromoema Costa 1998:78" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Micromoema Costa</taxonomicName>
|
||
, including
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5990878FB8B8C2F5B78D6544F2E6722E" family="Rivulidae" genus="Micromoema" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="xiphophora">M. xiphophora</taxonomicName>
|
||
(also see Table 1, which shows the present generic placement of all species previously assigned to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A6A9862DCCF8B7A85E1FCD1D72541415" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:EF0F634C-4A82-4B33-86D6-31A498C4DB7C" family="Rivulidae" genus="Pterolebias" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Pterolebias Garman 1895:141" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Pterolebias</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1528991F1898F32170EFDC838DBB4F22" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:EF0F634C-4A82-4B33-86D6-31A498C4DB7C" family="Rivulidae" genus="Pterolebias" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Pterolebias Garman 1895:141" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Pterolebias</taxonomicName>
|
||
was accordingly diagnosed by an anteriorly expanded ventral tip of the autopalatine, constricted dorsal portion of metapterygoid, long process of quadrate, narrow and long basihyal, reduced number of vertebrae, rounded pectoral fin, metallic orange humeral spot, and black bars on the pectoral fin in males. A sister group relationship between
|
||
<taxonomicName id="950424DD56EF82549F6EB41A3BB114AE" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:EF0F634C-4A82-4B33-86D6-31A498C4DB7C" family="Rivulidae" genus="Pterolebias" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Pterolebias Garman 1895:141" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Pterolebias</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7FFBFAE662A349EAC87FBD0A78176F48" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:C8DC9E17-42A0-4D0C-A6E4-FBB00CD1ACF1" family="Rivulidae" genus="Gnatholebias" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Gnatholebias Costa 1998:77" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Gnatholebias</taxonomicName>
|
||
<pageStartToken id="4A11E889B0636D271171B08CDA69EC7E" pageNumber="5">was</pageStartToken>
|
||
supported by large teeth on premaxilla and dentary laterally directed, long pelvic fins, and enlarged caudal fin with filaments on posterior margin in males.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9B3ECD7920F974D0E693DBBC8BDF4324" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:EF0F634C-4A82-4B33-86D6-31A498C4DB7C" family="Rivulidae" genus="Pterolebias" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Pterolebias Garman 1895:141" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Pterolebias</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6336B31CCBCF3F16967638AB5E855F20" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:C8DC9E17-42A0-4D0C-A6E4-FBB00CD1ACF1" family="Rivulidae" genus="Gnatholebias" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Gnatholebias Costa 1998:77" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Gnatholebias</taxonomicName>
|
||
were placed in a clade that also includes
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B85A9DA1A2C8018878CC35B906263BC0" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:F913F3E6-E328-4D4A-BB0B-D7722E5A6786" family="Rivulidae" genus="Aphyolebias" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Aphyolebias Costa 1998:78" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Aphyolebias</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="92CE0FDC108DE604D1F34432B42B358D" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:763FE250-1022-45BD-8F75-E7E164A2172E" family="Rivulidae" genus="Micromoema" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Micromoema Costa 1998:78" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Micromoema</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B4AD7AE6F2300BAFE41B872F9750BCA5" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:22A92A57-BBC3-4553-B0E3-A2C95E8F6BD4" family="Rivulidae" genus="Moema" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Moema Costa 1989:223" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Moema</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="506B127B8D3AF4F2DF133BB900469097" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:16EFCBAB-4C86-44E9-ABE3-5AEA156A832E" family="Rivulidae" genus="Renova" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Renova Thomerson & Taphorn 1995:186" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Renova</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3E4FBF27631FAB799FBFB3302C34EEC7" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:18C84D55-2F8E-4762-9A89-63AA5A49DFA0" family="Rivulidae" genus="Trigonectes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Trigonectes Myers 1925:371" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Trigonectes</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D219272903132335702DF8FDF6205C52" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:0F645D72-115E-42BA-8B08-E897985122EF" family="Rivulidae" genus="Neofundulus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Neofundulus Myers 1924:9" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Neofundulus</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="A1CE07283B3DA565394D7C7EF03CF47A" ID-Table-UUID="A1CE07283B3DA565394D7C7EF03CF47A" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/A1CE07283B3DA565394D7C7EF03CF47A">
|
||
<paragraph id="CE9E53A34A5C4CA3D750583BA60E648F" pageNumber="5">
|
||
<pageStartToken id="A0F7DC27F2C3DAF081AC0F61088BFE63" pageNumber="5">TABLE</pageStartToken>
|
||
1. Nominal species placed in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="88BC694A8FC072CA77BEDA7C45088A44" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:EF0F634C-4A82-4B33-86D6-31A498C4DB7C" family="Rivulidae" genus="Pterolebias" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Pterolebias Garman 1895:141" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Pterolebias</taxonomicName>
|
||
and their present assignment according to Costa (1998a).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="D2958E6B8E64FC446319DC78881BC16C">
|
||
<table id="A374A832EAB33F1F2070D8E86D539A07" border="0" frame="box" pageNumber="5" rules="all">
|
||
<tr id="0B31C0D8922FFAEEE02B448B1CE1CDB1" pageNumber="5">
|
||
<td id="3F4B5333CCD48632CF9AC91B581D437B" pageNumber="5">Nominal species</td>
|
||
<td id="4ED625810D6CBD8BBBD2955EF5EF4677" pageNumber="5">Reference</td>
|
||
<td id="E085B4FECA4F4BDC5F2912769023B1C4" pageNumber="5">Assignment according to Costa (1998a)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="CBD6EB393F83947F4A5BD78062967B1E" pageNumber="5">
|
||
<td id="9E6C162E3B41C8769A4BF46C9D5244F6" pageNumber="5">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5E845C2655DCEFA4EB72ED20AA87E10D" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:CDCDF67E-4003-4B96-B765-7E7BA7E46A93" family="Rivulidae" genus="Pterolebias" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Pterolebias longipinnis Garman 1895:142" order="Cyprinodontiformes" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="longipinnis">Pterolebias longipinnis</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="1B9224593614EF093BEAFDDC2969EC8D" pageNumber="5">Garman (1895)</td>
|
||
<td id="1E002D52C2C1D4FEAD2381E09EF5EEAD" pageNumber="5">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C7114A2062EAF47D5634955C1D98A2D7" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:CDCDF67E-4003-4B96-B765-7E7BA7E46A93" family="Rivulidae" genus="Pterolebias" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Pterolebias longipinnis Garman 1895:142" order="Cyprinodontiformes" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="longipinnis">Pterolebias longipinnis</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="71EFFF3EAD3F986897DB4BA164B95753" pageNumber="5">
|
||
<td id="E6CF784827F757D2A31712913927896F" pageNumber="5">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31468F73FA0C544E236D1C5CF7712836" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:C1F73882-7AC2-4DA3-A752-C75A17D21129" family="Rivulidae" genus="Pterolebias" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Pterolebias zonatus Myers 1935:7" order="Cyprinodontiformes" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="zonatus">Pterolebias zonatus</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="EABCDFC4AEE6EB493DCBE87CA11626A5" pageNumber="5">Myers (1935)</td>
|
||
<td id="4A051B146D62A359551344F1E5A64662" pageNumber="5">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="891B1CCD433E5E9F454A60CDE8BD43FA" family="Rivulidae" genus="Gnatholebias" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyprinodontiformes" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="zonatus">Gnatholebias zonatus</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="71FF727365E91B23066DC8F7C5E9CDA5" pageNumber="5">
|
||
<td id="23BC52EF89BDCA39E7DD683A1370ED8A" pageNumber="5">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="60943D9DB09307E8D587E392E4FAD088" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:3965B8E4-A80F-499B-9020-09BD31D6D4B8" family="Rivulidae" genus="Pterolebias" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Pterolebias peruensis Myers 1954:176" order="Cyprinodontiformes" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="peruensis">Pterolebias peruensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="F645BA1F10C2BB575795EBC80F211284" pageNumber="5">Myers (1954)</td>
|
||
<td id="117DF1F2F581E93A3DD95D42ACE6F93A" pageNumber="5">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8D6F1CCCB9AA414727D0472628034696" family="Rivulidae" genus="Aphyolebias" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyprinodontiformes" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="peruensis">Aphyolebias peruensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="9087F8B43DE42FB05A4B32B6452B8B87" pageNumber="5">
|
||
<td id="074AC6EF7B317B9993BD43F9F5272465" pageNumber="5">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="CE55869A12DEBB9CD0320C9FEBDA47C9" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:F53F7AF3-340E-4EFE-93C2-478ACB197C80" family="Rivulidae" genus="Pterolebias" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Pterolebias bokermanni Travassos 1955:35" order="Cyprinodontiformes" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bokermanni">Pterolebias bokermanni</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="9C80661FFCD9294C2DDD2A313E26D0FA" pageNumber="5">Travassos (1955)</td>
|
||
<td id="FE26A460B5689CBA6358087F87B9AED6" pageNumber="5">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F2945AA58B47B9037881615959BC203A" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:CDCDF67E-4003-4B96-B765-7E7BA7E46A93" family="Rivulidae" genus="Pterolebias" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Pterolebias longipinnis Garman 1895:142" order="Cyprinodontiformes" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="longipinnis">Pterolebias longipinnis</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="FC95E85BEF2D92E1B2FB5280F36426F9" pageNumber="5">
|
||
<td id="B729F987E5AA5A3AE75422EB856DDA50" pageNumber="5">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3F5A610BFC74CFBA9FCF1040817081DF" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:76BAB078-AD31-4BC2-A7B2-3FCBBE257BF2" family="Rivulidae" genus="Pterolebias" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Pterolebias maculipinnis Radda & Weibezahn 1964:41" order="Cyprinodontiformes" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="maculipinnis">Pterolebias maculipinnis</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="043D3FA264168F70C9D4BDA0B626A226" pageNumber="5">Radda (1964)</td>
|
||
<td id="CE0D30AD0EFC796BDB001CA8398B6389" pageNumber="5">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0D7275B8F6EDC1609EDCE9C461E2FCD3" family="Rivulidae" genus="Rachovia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyprinodontiformes" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="maculipinnis">Rachovia maculipinnis</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="C3E959CCE9E16E501E3514BB4EA20A40" pageNumber="5">
|
||
<td id="964C45817F3E53335120AE87C247FA0E" pageNumber="5">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="DA8A3CD3167CC9A98C92356A4E00F788" family="Rivulidae" genus="Pterolebias" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyprinodontiformes" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nsc-1">Pterolebias NSC-1</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="B173BFBF0027B7ACDCB2584D104CFDA2" pageNumber="5">Terceira (1973)</td>
|
||
<td id="7DB646A03249A94BBCB88A638770FA0E" pageNumber="5">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="48F7D35129360760DD83000638DA29DC" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:6DF71545-44D7-450F-B4F2-8A6C62A842EC" family="Rivulidae" genus="Moema" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Moema piriana Costa 1989:223" order="Cyprinodontiformes" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="piriana">Moema piriana</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="E8175015D5C1B456EBC9EDE82E60189C" pageNumber="5">
|
||
<td id="EF91B542B9CD97E586E823788A6CEB02" pageNumber="5">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C9042EAC9447E2E3D969599BB403DE0E" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:065824B5-F680-4E0E-B06F-58010A8758FF" family="Rivulidae" genus="Pterolebias" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Pterolebias hoignei Thomerson 1974:31" order="Cyprinodontiformes" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hoignei">Pterolebias hoignei</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="7AE2B9DD3D8414058416CE98DBB523BF" pageNumber="5">Thomerson (1974)</td>
|
||
<td id="F33EF606950106B9CCC20856DA71863F" pageNumber="5">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E6BD1EBEA18894F041A9D5D6AB3D7A9B" family="Rivulidae" genus="Gnatholebias" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyprinodontiformes" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hoignei">Gnatholebias hoignei</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="94B46A7F44BC94FD4282E8F700CD8BFE" pageNumber="5">
|
||
<td id="015F45E623013C6D2024A175B8074869" pageNumber="5">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="774624BFA0D230E6C3E1E237286417FE" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:DD8D587E-8F5E-49F4-95B3-E9D7B35D14D0" family="Rivulidae" genus="Pterolebias" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Pterolebias wischmanni Seegers 1983:68" order="Cyprinodontiformes" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="wischmanni">Pterolebias wischmanni</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="60BAE1CA1672D00D0F7409D89333A7BB" pageNumber="5">Seegers (1983)</td>
|
||
<td id="CA84E64E9B07776C66A1677A32CDD0CB" pageNumber="5">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="20AF92670819D55E1370C4D7AA9C2552" family="Rivulidae" genus="Aphyolebias" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyprinodontiformes" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="wischmanni">Aphyolebias wischmanni</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="F6759F23166F8BFD7611DEA0D9128BBA" pageNumber="5">
|
||
<td id="EA577354B556AF19315EE4104C7F9191" pageNumber="5">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F753A438FD4CE62DC50D56D8DBCB5EDB" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:AD9BC2CD-7A2C-49F9-92C7-E5C2063FAD0E" family="Rivulidae" genus="Pterolebias" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Pterolebias rubrocaudatus Seegers 1984:243" order="Cyprinodontiformes" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rubrocaudatus">Pterolebias rubrocaudatus</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="C4401AD35F093B5B4673E439241872F3" pageNumber="5">Seegers (1984)</td>
|
||
<td id="C250971CEFF4E06A29021073EC4293EB" pageNumber="5">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2BB289E3F4F572CE4755CD71AF499974" family="Rivulidae" genus="Aphyolebias" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyprinodontiformes" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rubrocaudatus">Aphyolebias rubrocaudatus</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="335A7E830CB187AB9DF055B5CE98FC46" pageNumber="5">
|
||
<td id="F6EF8D539A2288E3689DE4942D39530D" pageNumber="5">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="03D98FDC50A12C26936B24A634E325DA" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:7799F3D1-CF7B-4A8F-B137-561FD0B51056" family="Rivulidae" genus="Pterolebias" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Pterolebias staecki Seegers 1987:202" order="Cyprinodontiformes" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="staecki">Pterolebias staecki</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="80770FD502400D01B0596D8C85F6C11D" pageNumber="5">Seegers (1987)</td>
|
||
<td id="4A7429DF119C32FCE29D29E6D352F118" pageNumber="5">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9B47DD0B28068CB47092FEA2AB19CEE3" family="Rivulidae" genus="Moema" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyprinodontiformes" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="staecki">Moema staecki</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="03D180201114A8F4ED498C7E2D4F07E7" pageNumber="5">
|
||
<td id="D02055A1DC9936E32AC5E4D4F16448E9" pageNumber="5">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="245977A2A7F8162465CC0AB09B9FB593" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:A68FF2CC-0501-4D84-BF18-691BD5FB08C4" family="Rivulidae" genus="Pterolebias" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Pterolebias phasianus Costa 1988:658" order="Cyprinodontiformes" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="phasianus">Pterolebias phasianus</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="63C29457AFE900035C6E1920E36A957D" pageNumber="5">Costa (1988)</td>
|
||
<td id="B2F734698B9312A74020E7CE0B889FC3" pageNumber="5">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A6368417B216C743B48646DC0D2B8E1B" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:A68FF2CC-0501-4D84-BF18-691BD5FB08C4" family="Rivulidae" genus="Pterolebias" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Pterolebias phasianus Costa 1988:658" order="Cyprinodontiformes" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="phasianus">Pterolebias phasianus</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="6CDED80CAB711C504BDC2B07F6EFE06A" pageNumber="5">
|
||
<td id="0B0867088DD1FCC53204630640BAF9E7" pageNumber="5">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7248F145A8412D5AF739AF3B157D00B7" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:141D3E61-152B-44AC-8ED2-6E7395D74277" family="Rivulidae" genus="Pterolebias" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Pterolebias xiphophorus Thomerson & Taphorn 1992:378" order="Cyprinodontiformes" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="xiphophorus">Pterolebias xiphophorus</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="8A904E9E7BBF48CBAB625497D3DE2918" pageNumber="5">Thomerson & Taphorn (1992)</td>
|
||
<td id="7C391C8563B6941CBB1083D046BF5508" pageNumber="5">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="CC2F04AC8ED9B3EB3F1C2DD256B13171" family="Rivulidae" genus="Micromoema" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyprinodontiformes" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="xiphophora">Micromoema xiphophora</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="1B40558529678BB8AFE31E7C354739DD" pageNumber="5">
|
||
<td id="9993E577D9CED0412D34769943494BAC" pageNumber="5">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7F3B79DBF0B615D0CBD5DE2132D3B1CA" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:5B1CA50D-C5D4-4577-A22A-7AB4B4D14C13" family="Rivulidae" genus="Pterolebias" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Pterolebias obliquus Costa, Sarmiento & Barrera 1996:92" order="Cyprinodontiformes" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="obliquus">Pterolebias obliquus</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="1AFA2AC6ED6A63A099B307BE2652D1F1" pageNumber="5">Costa et al. (1996)</td>
|
||
<td id="48187C8737AE953649B55E96CD68E466" pageNumber="5">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5C7127F82FF012C7B82EF755C0B45F45" family="Rivulidae" genus="Aphyolebias" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyprinodontiformes" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="obliquus">Aphyolebias obliquus</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="DF96CA88F6E5A9A0B8FB1D7F9D7BFE42" pageNumber="5">
|
||
Subsequently, monophyly of both
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9C1CF7128D838D8FE0401605A2378FFE" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:EF0F634C-4A82-4B33-86D6-31A498C4DB7C" family="Rivulidae" genus="Pterolebias" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Pterolebias Garman 1895:141" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Pterolebias</taxonomicName>
|
||
(sensu Costa, 1998a) and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="DC09606F2E62CC5736CBF01DCD0DF1D5" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:C8DC9E17-42A0-4D0C-A6E4-FBB00CD1ACF1" family="Rivulidae" genus="Gnatholebias" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Gnatholebias Costa 1998:77" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Gnatholebias</taxonomicName>
|
||
were supported by molecular data published in two independent papers (Murphy et al., 1999; Hrbek & Larson, 1999). However, these studies contained unexpectedly different hypotheses of relationships involving
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E16E16D30183BC1E0B177D5EBD20E335" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:EF0F634C-4A82-4B33-86D6-31A498C4DB7C" family="Rivulidae" genus="Pterolebias" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Pterolebias Garman 1895:141" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Pterolebias</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EC1910EC8B792DEB4FF9CA21D7D19975" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:C8DC9E17-42A0-4D0C-A6E4-FBB00CD1ACF1" family="Rivulidae" genus="Gnatholebias" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Gnatholebias Costa 1998:77" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Gnatholebias</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Murphy et al. (1999) analyzed four segments of the mitochondrial genome, generating an hypothesis based on parsimony analysis, in which
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5D7679C578F36D1C39EDAF2572D83D36" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:EF0F634C-4A82-4B33-86D6-31A498C4DB7C" family="Rivulidae" genus="Pterolebias" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Pterolebias Garman 1895:141" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Pterolebias</taxonomicName>
|
||
would be the sister group to a clade including
|
||
<taxonomicName id="CB897C68A7B254E70C085579044CBA43" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:16EFCBAB-4C86-44E9-ABE3-5AEA156A832E" family="Rivulidae" genus="Renova" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Renova Thomerson & Taphorn 1995:186" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Renova</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="141886508DD804E0458EC5A999898AF5" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:79CEE90A-5FE1-406E-BE38-5DF8C249CD32" family="Rivulidae" genus="Terranatos" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Terranatos Taphorn & Thomerson 1978:384" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Terranatos</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C0F2399060A8FD7EA12DDB2C15F9681F" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:C8DC9E17-42A0-4D0C-A6E4-FBB00CD1ACF1" family="Rivulidae" genus="Gnatholebias" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Gnatholebias Costa 1998:77" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Gnatholebias</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4E5787CB9B9DADA796DA3518FAC6067B" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:763FE250-1022-45BD-8F75-E7E164A2172E" family="Rivulidae" genus="Micromoema" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Micromoema Costa 1998:78" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Micromoema</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="248CAEE8C8EEBA415154FD20B8684A9B" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:F12E2023-61ED-419A-BF66-AB71508F9A02" family="Rivulidae" genus="Rachovia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Rachovia Myers 1927:119" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Rachovia</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="558E108FAC7288C448479DCBCB259C5F" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:A12D02B2-18D2-450F-B6ED-A28984BAD110" family="Rivulidae" genus="Austrofundulus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Austrofundulus Myers 1932:159" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Austrofundulus</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Hrbek & Larson (1999) also analyzed mitochondrial DNA and found a most parsimonious tree, in which
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6FEB1D6331ECD5D1F01CC0F7236342ED" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:EF0F634C-4A82-4B33-86D6-31A498C4DB7C" family="Rivulidae" genus="Pterolebias" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Pterolebias Garman 1895:141" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Pterolebias</taxonomicName>
|
||
would be the sister group to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F7BBCD09BFB460D030612F9C9AEAF232" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:16EFCBAB-4C86-44E9-ABE3-5AEA156A832E" family="Rivulidae" genus="Renova" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Renova Thomerson & Taphorn 1995:186" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Renova</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and the clade
|
||
<taxonomicName id="56C55BEDCEC8F58D91DE6BD8780CF2DF" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:EF0F634C-4A82-4B33-86D6-31A498C4DB7C" family="Rivulidae" genus="Pterolebias" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Pterolebias Garman 1895:141" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Pterolebias</taxonomicName>
|
||
plus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="54BC47CBE9475CDF554D1E383FA48DF3" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:16EFCBAB-4C86-44E9-ABE3-5AEA156A832E" family="Rivulidae" genus="Renova" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Renova Thomerson & Taphorn 1995:186" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Renova</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the sister group to a clade including
|
||
<taxonomicName id="68AFC4007042FD49E3AFAF495705A4C3" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:79CEE90A-5FE1-406E-BE38-5DF8C249CD32" family="Rivulidae" genus="Terranatos" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Terranatos Taphorn & Thomerson 1978:384" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Terranatos</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="74901E9DC9FF34AF494EA66E36CC9E84" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:C8DC9E17-42A0-4D0C-A6E4-FBB00CD1ACF1" family="Rivulidae" genus="Gnatholebias" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Gnatholebias Costa 1998:77" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Gnatholebias</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BBE5CF3AD997B3FDAC5DA6F82F8D1463" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:763FE250-1022-45BD-8F75-E7E164A2172E" family="Rivulidae" genus="Micromoema" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Micromoema Costa 1998:78" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Micromoema</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="269C2893E0FD65DFF0412484016FE516" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:F12E2023-61ED-419A-BF66-AB71508F9A02" family="Rivulidae" genus="Rachovia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Rachovia Myers 1927:119" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Rachovia</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2106E5E82E66A978F6772798C7A498F7" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:A12D02B2-18D2-450F-B6ED-A28984BAD110" family="Rivulidae" genus="Austrofundulus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Austrofundulus Myers 1932:159" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Austrofundulus</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |