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<document id="1C58F5396011B5D542A5668201175FF9" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.5395773" ID-ISSN="1638-9387" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5395773" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1630324955648" checkinUser="marcus" docAuthor="Stoddart, Helen E. &amp; Lowry, James K." docDate="2004" docId="2D09EC23E908FFB4FF61FD69FEC8FD89" docLanguage="en" docName="Zoosystema.2004.26.3.425-468.pdf" docOrigin="Zoosystema 26 (3), No. 3" docSource="http://www.mnhn.fr/museum/front/medias/publication/2561_z04n3a6.pdf" docStyle="DocumentStyle:2A9C6F9EA5F90D98170D9E0D9CA29375.4:Zoosystema.2000-2008.journal_article.type1" docStyleId="2A9C6F9EA5F90D98170D9E0D9CA29375" docStyleName="Zoosystema.2000-2008.journal_article.type1" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Eurytheneidae Stoddart &amp; Lowry 2004, n. fam." docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="428" masterDocId="D130945BE90AFFB7FFAEFFE7FFCCFFEE" masterDocTitle="The deep-sea lysianassoid genus Eurythenes (Crustacea, Amphipoda, Eurytheneidae n. fam.)" masterLastPageNumber="468" masterPageNumber="425" pageNumber="427" updateTime="1699227812737" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CC0-1.0" zenodo-license-figures="CC0-1.0" zenodo-license-treatments="UNSPECIFIED">
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<mods:title id="6DC67070D19730D707B78B02BB69B612">The deep-sea lysianassoid genus Eurythenes (Crustacea, Amphipoda, Eurytheneidae n. fam.)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="DC773284721F63EE66975AC8AC431F23">Stoddart, Helen E.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="22C59CC93A7B2F78A4AC01949A5DF935">Marine Invertebrates, Australian Museum, 6 College St., Sydney, NSW 2010 (Australia) helenst @ austmus. gov. au jimlowry @ crustacea. net</mods:affiliation>
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<treatment id="2D09EC23E908FFB4FF61FD69FEC8FD89" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5470124" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5470124" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:2D09EC23E908FFB4FF61FD69FEC8FD89" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/2D09EC23E908FFB4FF61FD69FEC8FD89" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="428" pageId="2" pageNumber="427">
<subSubSection id="EDBA0EBEE908FFB5FF61FD69FDE4FD46" box="[207,552,653,680]" pageId="2" pageNumber="427" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="A51F5D35E908FFB5FF61FD69FDE4FD46" blockId="2.[112,646,653,1495]" box="[207,552,653,680]" pageId="2" pageNumber="427">
<heading id="FE57EA59E908FFB5FF61FD69FDE4FD46" box="[207,552,653,680]" centered="true" fontSize="36" level="2" pageId="2" pageNumber="427" reason="6">
Family
<taxonomicName id="62A026B6E908FFB5FE8FFD6AFE1FFD4B" ID-CoL="7NJF5" authority="Stoddart &amp; Lowry, 2004" authorityName="Stoddart &amp; Lowry" authorityYear="2004" box="[289,467,653,679]" class="Malacostraca" family="Eurytheneidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="2" pageNumber="427" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family" status="fam. nov.">EURYTHENEIDAE</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="8CE73C5CE908FFB5FE74FD6AFDE4FD46" box="[474,552,653,680]" pageId="2" pageNumber="427" rank="family">n. fam.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</heading>
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="EDBA0EBEE908FFB5FFDEFD50FDF5FA39" pageId="2" pageNumber="427" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="A51F5D35E908FFB5FFDEFD50FEF2FA41" blockId="2.[112,646,653,1495]" pageId="2" pageNumber="427">DIAGNOSIS. — Head exposed, much deeper than long, not extending much below insertion of antenna 2, without cheek notch. Antennae with calceoli present in male, absent in female. Antenna 1 with well developed two-field callynophore in male and female. Antenna 2 peduncular article 3 without distal hook. Mouthpart bundle subquadrate. Epistome and upper lip separate. Mandible incisors present, well developed, symmetrical, convex, smooth; right lacinia mobilis absent; accessory setal row without distal setal tuft; molar a setose tongue, with small triturating surface; palp present, inserted approximately mid-anteriorly. Maxilla 1 inner plate with more than two apical pappose setae; outer plate narrow with setal-teeth in 8/3 crown arrangement, setal-teeth large, ST6 and ST7 slender, ST7 slightly displaced from ST6; palp large, with apical robust setae. Maxilla 2 inner plate significantly shorter than outer plate. Maxilliped outer plate present, medial setae small, blunt or beadshaped; palp four-articulate, article 4 well developed. Gnathopod 1 subchelate to parachelate; coxa vestigial; merus and carpus not rotated; carpus short; propodus large, palm straight to convex; dactylus slightly curved, not hidden by setae. Gnathopod 2 coxa small, shorter than coxa 3. Pereopods all simple; distal spurs absent. Pereopod 3 coxa large. Pereopod 4 coxa large with well developed posteroventral lobe. Pereopod 5 coxa with anterior and posterior lobes subequal. Uropod 2 inner ramus without constriction. Uropod 3 biramous. Telson present, cleft.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A51F5D35E908FFB5FFDEFA58FDF5FA39" blockId="2.[112,646,653,1495]" box="[112,569,1470,1495]" pageId="2" pageNumber="427">
GENUS INCLUDED. —
<taxonomicName id="62A026B6E908FFB5FEE5FA58FDF9FA39" authority="Smith, 1882" authorityName="Smith" authorityYear="1882" box="[331,565,1471,1495]" class="Malacostraca" family="Eurytheneidae" genus="Eurythenes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="2" pageNumber="427" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="97D48127E908FFB5FEE5FA58FE7CFA39" box="[331,432,1471,1495]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="427">Eurythenes</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="C13120C4E908FFB5FE18FA58FDF9FA39" author="SMITH S. I." box="[438,565,1471,1495]" pageId="2" pageNumber="427" pagination="135" refId="ref27727" refString="SMITH S. I. 1882. - Eurythenes Lilljeborg, in SCUDDER S. H. (ed.), Nomenclator Zoologicus. An Alphabetical List of all Generic Names that have been Employed by Naturalists for Recent and Fossil Animals from the Earliest Times to the Close of the Year 1879. I. Supplemental List. II. Universal Index. Government Printing Office, Washington: 135." type="book chapter" year="1882">
<collectingRegion id="676493D7E908FFB5FE18FA58FE38FA39" box="[438,500,1471,1495]" country="Bermuda" name="Smith's" pageId="2" pageNumber="427">Smith</collectingRegion>
, 1882
</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="EDBA0EBEE908FFB4FFDEF9EAFEC8FD89" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="428" pageId="2" pageNumber="427" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="A51F5D35E908FFB5FFDEF9EAFF18F9CB" blockId="2.[112,646,1549,1704]" box="[112,212,1549,1575]" pageId="2" pageNumber="427">REMARKS</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A51F5D35E908FFB5FFDEF9C9FB44FDE6" blockId="2.[112,646,1549,1704]" lastBlockId="2.[675,1209,205,1704]" pageId="2" pageNumber="427">
Among the amphipods generally considered to be members of the
<taxonomicName id="62A026B6E908FFB5FE9DF9A9FE2EF986" authorityName="Dana" authorityYear="1849" box="[307,482,1614,1640]" class="Malacostraca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="2" pageNumber="427" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="superFamily" superFamily="Lysianassoidea">Lysianassoidea</taxonomicName>
, the
<taxonomicName id="62A026B6E908FFB5FDB0F9A9FF77F966" authority="Stoddart &amp; Lowry, 2004" authorityName="Stoddart &amp; Lowry" authorityYear="2004" class="Malacostraca" family="Eurytheneidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="2" pageNumber="427" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family" status="fam. nov.">Eurytheneidae</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="8CE73C5CE908FFB5FF6BF98AFED6F966" box="[197,282,1645,1672]" pageId="2" pageNumber="427" rank="family">n. fam.</taxonomicNameLabel>
occur in the most basal clade, along with the
<taxonomicName id="62A026B6E908FFB5FEB3F969FE57F946" authorityName="Chevreux" authorityYear="1889" box="[285,411,1678,1704]" class="Malacostraca" family="Hirondelleidae" genus="Hirondellea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="2" pageNumber="427" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="97D48127E908FFB5FEB3F969FE57F946" box="[285,411,1678,1704]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="427">Hirondellea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
-group, the
<taxonomicName id="62A026B6E908FFB5FD8DF969FC03FF06" authority="Lowry &amp; Stoddart, 1995" authorityName="Lowry &amp; Stoddart" authorityYear="1995" box="[547,975,205,1704]" class="Malacostraca" family="Opisidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="2" pageNumber="427" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">
Opisidae
<bibRefCitation id="C13120C4E908FFB5FD0DFF2AFC03FF06" author="LOWRY J. K. &amp; STODDART H. E." box="[675,975,205,232]" pageId="2" pageNumber="427" pagination="97 - 174" refId="ref25956" refString="LOWRY J. K. &amp; STODDART H. E. 1995. - The Amphipoda (Crustacea) of Madang Lagoon: Lysianassidae, Opisidae, Uristidae, Wandinidae and Stegocephalidae, in LOWRY J. K. (ed.), The Amphipoda (Crustacea) of Madang Lagoon, Papua New Guinea, Part 1. Records of the Australian Museum, Supplement 22: 97 - 174." type="journal article" year="1995">Lowry &amp; Stoddart, 1995</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, the
<taxonomicName id="62A026B6E908FFB5FBA2FF29FC1AFEE6" authority="Lowry &amp; Stoddart, 1996" authorityName="Lowry &amp; Stoddart" authorityYear="1996" class="Malacostraca" family="Podoprionidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="2" pageNumber="427" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">
Podoprionidae
<bibRefCitation id="C13120C4E908FFB5FD0DFF0AFC1AFEE6" author="LOWRY J. K. &amp; STODDART H. E." box="[675,982,237,264]" pageId="2" pageNumber="427" pagination="225 - 247" refId="ref26029" refString="LOWRY J. K. &amp; STODDART H. E. 1996. - New lysianassoid amphipod species from Namibia and Madagascar (Lysianassidae Dana, 1849 and Podoprionidae fam. nov.). Bollettino del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Verona 20: 225 - 247." type="journal article" year="1996">Lowry &amp; Stoddart, 1996</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
and the
<taxonomicName id="62A026B6E908FFB5FBE6FF09FCF7FEC6" authority="Hurley, 1963" authorityName="Hurley" authorityYear="1963" class="Malacostraca" family="Uristidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="2" pageNumber="427" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">
Uristidae
<bibRefCitation id="C13120C4E908FFB5FD0DFEE9FCF7FEC6" author="HURLEY D. E." box="[675,827,270,296]" pageId="2" pageNumber="427" pagination="1 - 160" refId="ref24835" refString="HURLEY D. E. 1963. - Amphipoda of the family Lysianassidae from the west coast of North and Central America. Allan Hancock Foundation Publications, Occasional Paper 25: 1 - 160." type="journal article" year="1963">Hurley, 1963</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(
<emphasis id="97D48127E908FFB5FCE3FEEAFCA7FEC8" box="[845,875,269,294]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="427">s.s.</emphasis>
). The most common lifestyle in all of these groups (except the
<taxonomicName id="62A026B6E908FFB5FB83FEC9FB59FEA6" authorityName="Lowry &amp; Stoddart" authorityYear="1995" box="[1069,1173,302,328]" class="Malacostraca" family="Opisidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="2" pageNumber="427" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Opisidae</taxonomicName>
) is scavenging. In general, species in these groups have callynophores in both sexes, molars in the form of a setose tongue or flap, setal-teeth of maxilla 1 outer plate in a crown arrangement (except in the
<taxonomicName id="62A026B6E908FFB5FCE2FE29FC35FE06" authorityName="Lowry &amp; Stoddart" authorityYear="1996" box="[844,1017,462,488]" class="Malacostraca" family="Podoprionidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="2" pageNumber="427" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Podoprionidae</taxonomicName>
), well developed third uropods and a long, deeply cleft telson.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A51F5D35E908FFB5FD0DFDE9FBA7FCA6" blockId="2.[675,1209,205,1704]" pageId="2" pageNumber="427">
There are two forms of crown-type arrangements of the maxilla 1 setal-teeth: the 8/3 crown (
<bibRefCitation id="C13120C4E908FFB5FBDFFDC9FC5EFD86" author="LOWRY J. K. &amp; STODDART H. E." pageId="2" pageNumber="427" pagination="97 - 174" refId="ref25956" refString="LOWRY J. K. &amp; STODDART H. E. 1995. - The Amphipoda (Crustacea) of Madang Lagoon: Lysianassidae, Opisidae, Uristidae, Wandinidae and Stegocephalidae, in LOWRY J. K. (ed.), The Amphipoda (Crustacea) of Madang Lagoon, Papua New Guinea, Part 1. Records of the Australian Museum, Supplement 22: 97 - 174." type="journal article" year="1995">Lowry &amp; Stoddart 1995: 140</bibRefCitation>
) which occurs fully-formed in the
<taxonomicName id="62A026B6E908FFB5FD42FD89FCF2FD66" authorityName="Chevreux" authorityYear="1899" box="[748,830,622,648]" class="Malacostraca" family="Alicellidae" genus="Alicella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="2" pageNumber="427" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="97D48127E908FFB5FD42FD89FCF2FD66" box="[748,830,622,648]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="427">Alicella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
-group, eurytheneids, opisids and some species of
<taxonomicName id="62A026B6E908FFB5FCE1FD69FC07FD46" authorityName="Chevreux" authorityYear="1889" box="[847,971,654,680]" class="Malacostraca" family="Hirondelleidae" genus="Hirondellea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="2" pageNumber="427" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="97D48127E908FFB5FCE1FD69FC07FD46" box="[847,971,654,680]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="427">Hirondellea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and slightly modified in the
<taxonomicName id="62A026B6E908FFB5FD44FD49FC9CFD26" authorityName="J. L. Barnard" authorityYear="1964" box="[746,848,686,712]" class="Malacostraca" family="Cebocaridae" genus="Cebocaris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="2" pageNumber="427" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="97D48127E908FFB5FD44FD49FC9CFD26" box="[746,848,686,712]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="427">Cebocaris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
-group and
<emphasis id="97D48127E908FFB5FC7DFD49FB8CFD26" box="[979,1088,686,712]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="427">Thoriella-</emphasis>
group; and the 7/4 crown (
<bibRefCitation id="C13120C4E908FFB5FCF8FD29FB7CFD06" author="LOWRY J. K. &amp; STODDART H. E." box="[854,1200,718,744]" pageId="2" pageNumber="427" pagination="185 - 245" refId="ref25801" refString="LOWRY J. K. &amp; STODDART H. E. 1992. - A revision of the genus Ichnopus (Crustacea: Amphipoda: Lysianassoidea: Uristidae). Records of the Australian Museum 44: 185 - 245." type="journal article" year="1992">Lowry &amp; Stoddart 1992: 186</bibRefCitation>
) which occurs in
<taxonomicName id="62A026B6E908FFB5FCFAFD09FC70FCE6" authorityName="Stebbing" authorityYear="1888" box="[852,956,750,776]" class="Malacostraca" family="Cyclocaridae" genus="Cyclocaris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="2" pageNumber="427" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="97D48127E908FFB5FCFAFD09FC70FCE6" box="[852,956,750,776]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="427">Cyclocaris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="62A026B6E908FFB5FC67FD09FBE0FCE6" authorityName="Lowry &amp; Stoddart" authorityYear="1997" box="[969,1068,750,776]" class="Liliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" genus="Eclecticus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="2" pageNumber="427" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="97D48127E908FFB5FC67FD09FBE0FCE6" box="[969,1068,750,776]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="427">Eclecticus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and uristids. We suspect that each of these
<typeStatus id="7A1BE397E908FFB5FBACFCEAFBF2FCC9" box="[1026,1086,781,807]" pageId="2" pageNumber="427">types</typeStatus>
has arisen independently on more than one occasion.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A51F5D35E908FFB5FD0DFCA9FCC7FBC6" blockId="2.[675,1209,205,1704]" pageId="2" pageNumber="427">
The eurytheneids appear to be the sister taxon to the
<taxonomicName id="62A026B6E908FFB5FD63FC89FC84FC66" authorityName="Chevreux" authorityYear="1889" box="[717,840,878,904]" class="Malacostraca" family="Hirondelleidae" genus="Hirondellea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="2" pageNumber="427" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="97D48127E908FFB5FD63FC89FC84FC66" box="[717,840,878,904]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="427">Hirondellea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
-group. Species of
<taxonomicName id="62A026B6E908FFB5FBBEFC89FB47FC66" authorityName="Chevreux" authorityYear="1889" box="[1040,1163,878,904]" class="Malacostraca" family="Hirondelleidae" genus="Hirondellea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="2" pageNumber="427" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="97D48127E908FFB5FBBEFC89FB47FC66" box="[1040,1163,878,904]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="427">Hirondellea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
differ from eurytheneids in having a setose flap molar, a distal setose tuft at the end of the accessory setal row, only two apical setae on the inner plate of maxilla 1 and coxa 2 about the same size as coxa 3.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A51F5D35E908FFB5FD0DFBC9FB87FB06" blockId="2.[675,1209,205,1704]" pageId="2" pageNumber="427">
Eurytheneids also appear to be closely related to uristids (
<emphasis id="97D48127E908FFB5FCA3FBAAFCE0FB88" box="[781,812,1101,1126]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="427">s.s.</emphasis>
). Most genera in this group have scavenging members. Uristids differ from eurytheneids in having a shorter head, the maxilla 1 setal-teeth in a 7/4 crown and setal-tooth 7 strongly displaced from setal-tooth 6.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A51F5D35E908FFB5FD0DFB0AFB80F946" blockId="2.[675,1209,205,1704]" pageId="2" pageNumber="427">
Many uristids,
<taxonomicName id="62A026B6E908FFB5FC91FB09FBCDFAE6" box="[831,1025,1262,1288]" class="Malacostraca" family="Hirondelleidae" genus="Hirondellea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="2" pageNumber="427" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="97D48127E908FFB5FC91FB09FC7AFAE6" box="[831,950,1262,1288]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="427">Hirondellea</emphasis>
species
</taxonomicName>
and eurytheneids are scavengers. Although opisids have many of the characters of scavenging lysianassoids, they are generally considered to be ectoparasites/micropredators of fishes a lifestyle probably only one step removed from scavenging. Apparently they share a common ancestor with the scavenging groups and appear to be related to eurytheneids. In opisids the head is not as deep as in eurytheneids, the inner plate of maxilla 1 has two or less apical setae, the outer plate setal-tooth 7 is not displaced from setal-tooth 6, the coxa of gnathopood 1 is large or reduced, but never vestigial as in eurytheneids, and coxa 2 is as large as coxa 3.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A51F5D35E909FFB4FFDEFF29FEABFE26" blockId="3.[112,646,205,616]" pageId="3" pageNumber="428">The podoprionid scavengers also occur in the basal lysianassoid group. They have similarities to the eurytheneids, but their strongly serrate mandibular incisors, non-crown-like setal-teeth arrangement on maxilla 1, strongly chelate first gnathopods and strongly serrate posterior margin on the basis of pereopod 5 easily distinguish them from the eurytheneids.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A51F5D35E909FFB4FFDEFE29FEC8FD89" blockId="3.[112,646,205,616]" pageId="3" pageNumber="428">
Eurytheneids also share characters with the
<taxonomicName id="62A026B6E909FFB4FFDEFE09FF71FDE6" authorityName="Chevreux" authorityYear="1899" box="[112,189,494,520]" class="Malacostraca" family="Alicellidae" genus="Alicella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="3" pageNumber="428" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="97D48127E909FFB4FFDEFE09FF71FDE6" box="[112,189,494,520]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="428">Alicella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
-group, but are immediately distinguished from this marginal lysianassoid group by the absence of a lacinia mobilis on the right mandible in
<taxonomicName id="62A026B6E909FFB4FF23FDA9FF31FD86" box="[141,253,590,616]" class="Malacostraca" family="Eurytheneidae" genus="Eurythenes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="3" pageNumber="428" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="97D48127E909FFB4FF23FDA9FF31FD86" box="[141,253,590,616]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="428">Eurythenes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>