treatments-xml/data/2A/35/E1/2A35E164FFE76652FF6C7A9A24A5F9A6.xml

<document id="00B3478A0FE9AF971DF1BF9A38590858" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.181829" ID-GBIF-Dataset="cbe1fd1a-2097-4921-8c93-03406aa55759" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="181829" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1459842329369" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Twomey, Evan &amp; Brown, Jason L." docDate="2008" docId="2A35E164FFE76652FF6C7A9A24A5F9A6" docLanguage="en" docName="zt01757p065.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 1757" docStyle="DocumentStyle:6581673A57F01A3145754A1E615EDFF0.4:Zootaxa.2007-2008.journal_article" docStyleId="6581673A57F01A3145754A1E615EDFF0" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2007-2008.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Ameerega altamazonica Twomey &amp; Brown, 2008, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="59" masterDocId="D60C991CFFE46658FFFB7A0D2666FFCD" masterDocTitle="A partial revision of the Ameerega hahneli complex (Anura: Dendrobatidae) and a new cryptic species from the East-Andean versant of Central Peru" masterLastPageNumber="65" masterPageNumber="49" pageNumber="52" updateTime="1698224516653" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="B4444AB31D2BD43A1CEECD2BBF8A25CB">A partial revision of the Ameerega hahneli complex (Anura: Dendrobatidae) and a new cryptic species from the East-Andean versant of Central Peru</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="2CD748BAD34A58928CFE59B2C67869AD">Brown, Jason L.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="C898A464254182264AD9C3780FC13481">2008</mods:date>
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<subSubSection id="EA8603F9FFE7665BFF6C7A9A2726FF19" pageId="3" pageNumber="52" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="A2235072FFE7665BFF6C7A9A2478FF7C" blockId="3.[151,542,151,212]" box="[151,542,151,177]" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">
<heading id="F96BE71EFFE7665BFF6C7A9A2478FF7C" bold="true" box="[151,542,151,177]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="52" reason="1">
<emphasis id="90E88C60FFE7665BFF6C7A9A2478FF7C" bold="true" box="[151,542,151,177]" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">
<taxonomicName id="659C2BF1FFE7665BFF6C7A9A27DFFF7C" ID-CoL="CQ6D" box="[151,441,151,177]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Ameerega" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="52" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="altamazonica" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="90E88C60FFE7665BFF6C7A9A27DFFF7C" bold="true" box="[151,441,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">Ameerega altamazonica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="8BDB311BFFE7665BFE3B7A9A2478FF7C" box="[448,542,151,177]" pageId="3" pageNumber="52" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A2235072FFE7665BFF6C7AB72726FF19" blockId="3.[151,542,151,212]" box="[151,320,186,212]" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">
<figureCitation id="3AA74CF7FFE7665BFF6C7AB72763FF19" box="[151,261,186,212]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="5.[151,255,1898,1922]" captionTargetBox="[155,1431,471,1883]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[155,1433,469,1884]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 1. Ameerega altamazonica, dorsal and ventral views of same specimens. Top row, left to right: MUSM 26934, 26935 (Chazuta); MUSM 26936 – 26939 (near Tarapoto); ECU-F 107 (Tocache, non-paratype); second row, left to right: ECU-F 108 - 111 (Tocache, non-paratypes); MUSM 26974 (Saposoa); MUSM 26977 (Huicungo); MUSM 26981, 26982 (Campanilla); 646 (Tocache); ventral photos are in the same order. Bar in bottom center represents 10 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/181830/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">Figures 1</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="3AA74CF7FFE7665BFEE87AB72742FF19" box="[275,292,186,212]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="6.[151,254,1832,1856]" captionTargetBox="[155,1431,837,1814]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[155,1433,827,1814]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 2. Interpopulation variation in Ameerega altamazonica. Individuals in the top row are from near Tarapoto (holotype), Chazuta, and Saposoa (left to right); individuals in the middle row are from Río Abiseo, Campanilla, and Tocache (left to right). In the Huallaga valley there is a cline from a black dorsum with well-defined dorsolateral stripes in the northern populations (e. g. Tarapoto) to a brown dorsum with dorsolateral stripes faint or absent in southern populations (e. g. Tocache). Bottom row showing ventral pattern in adults from Tarapoto, Río Abiseo, and Tocache (left to right)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/181831/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">2</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="3AA74CF7FFE7665BFECA7AB72726FF19" box="[305,320,186,212]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="8.[151,255,1493,1517]" captionTargetBox="[179,1419,1114,1456]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[155,1431,1095,1461]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 4. Lateral view (right) and oral disc (left) of tadpole of Ameerega altamazonica from Chazuta, San Martín, Peru. Bar under tadpole represents 10 mm and under oral disc 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/181833/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">4</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="EA8603F9FFE7665BFF6C7B082327FE51" pageId="3" pageNumber="52" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="A2235072FFE7665BFF6C7B0823FAFE91" blockId="3.[151,1436,261,412]" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">
<taxonomicName id="659C2BF1FFE7665BFF6C7B08273DFED1" ID-CoL="77F85" box="[151,347,261,284]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Phyllobates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="52" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pictus">
<emphasis id="90E88C60FFE7665BFF6C7B08273DFED1" box="[151,347,261,284]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">Phyllobates pictus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(non Bibron 
<emphasis id="90E88C60FFE7665BFE117B082799FED1" box="[490,511,261,284]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">in</emphasis>
Tschudi): 
<bibRefCitation id="C60D2D83FFE7665BFD8B7B08255DFED1" author="Silverstone" box="[624,827,261,284]" pageId="3" pageNumber="65" refString="Silverstone, P. A. (1976) A revision of the poison-arrow frogs of the genus Phyllobates Bibron in Sagra (Family Dendrobatidae). Bulletin of the Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County, 27, 1 - 53." type="journal article" year="1976" yearSuffix="p">Silverstone 1976 p</bibRefCitation>
. 40–41, pattern 4 (partim). 
<taxonomicName id="659C2BF1FFE7665BFF6C7B282700FEF1" ID-CoL="34M9J" box="[151,358,293,316]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Dendrobates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="52" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pictus">
<emphasis id="90E88C60FFE7665BFF6C7B282700FEF1" box="[151,358,293,316]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">Dendrobates pictus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(non Bibron 
<emphasis id="90E88C60FFE7665BFE0E7B28246CFEF1" box="[501,522,293,316]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">in</emphasis>
Tschudi): 
<bibRefCitation id="C60D2D83FFE7665BFD807B2825A4FEF1" author="Myers" box="[635,962,293,316]" pageId="3" pageNumber="65" refString="Myers, C. W., J. W. Daly &amp; B. Malkin (1978) A dangerously toxic new frog (Phyllobates) used by Embera Indians of Western Colombia, with a discussion of blowgun fabrication and dart poisoning. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 161, 309 - 365." type="journal article" year="1978">
Myers, Daly, and 
<bibRefCitation id="C60D2D83FFE7665BFCC27B2825A4FEF1" author="Malkin" box="[825,962,293,316]" pageId="3" pageNumber="65" refString="Myers, C. W., J. W. Daly &amp; B. Malkin (1978) A dangerously toxic new frog (Phyllobates) used by Embera Indians of Western Colombia, with a discussion of blowgun fabrication and dart poisoning. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 161, 309 - 365." type="journal article" year="1978" yearSuffix="p">Malkin 1978</bibRefCitation>
</bibRefCitation>
p. 332 (by implication). 
<taxonomicName id="659C2BF1FFE7665BFF6C7B4827E5FE91" ID-CoL="6G7NP" box="[151,387,325,348]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Epipedobates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="52" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hahneli">
<emphasis id="90E88C60FFE7665BFF6C7B4827E5FE91" box="[151,387,325,348]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">Epipedobates hahneli</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(non Boulenger): 
<bibRefCitation id="C60D2D83FFE7665BFDAD7B482525FE91" author="Lotters" box="[598,835,325,348]" pageId="3" pageNumber="64" refString="Lotters, S., P. Debold, K. Henle, F. Glaw, &amp; M. Kneller (1997) Ein neuer Pfeilgiftfrosch aus der Epipedobates pictus - Gruppe vom Osthang der Cordillera Azul in Peru. Herpetofauna, 19, 25 - 34." type="journal article" year="1997" yearSuffix="p">
Lötters 
<emphasis id="90E88C60FFE7665BFD567B48248EFE91" box="[685,744,325,348]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">et al.</emphasis>
1997 p
</bibRefCitation>
. 33–34, sketch 2 (partim); 
<bibRefCitation id="C60D2D83FFE7665BFB807B482376FE91" author="Schulte" box="[1147,1296,325,348]" pageId="3" pageNumber="65" refString="Schulte, R (1999) Pfeilgiftfrosche &quot; Artenteil - Peru &quot;. Wailblingen, Germany, INBICO, 292 pp." type="book" year="1999">Schulte 1999</bibRefCitation>
: p. 227–237
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A2235072FFE7665BFF3C7B682740FEB1" blockId="3.[151,1436,261,412]" box="[199,294,357,380]" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">(partim).</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A2235072FFE7665BFF6C7B882327FE51" blockId="3.[151,1436,261,412]" box="[151,1345,389,412]" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">
<taxonomicName id="659C2BF1FFE7665BFF6C7B88273FFE51" ID-CoL="66B42" box="[151,345,389,412]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Ameerega" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="52" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hahneli">
<emphasis id="90E88C60FFE7665BFF6C7B88273FFE51" box="[151,345,389,412]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">Ameerega hahneli</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(non Boulenger): 
<bibRefCitation id="C60D2D83FFE7665BFDE67B8824B7FE51" author="Grant" box="[541,721,389,412]" pageId="3" pageNumber="64" refString="Grant, T., D. R. Frost, J. P. Caldwell, R. Gagliardo, C. F. B. Haddad, P. J. R. Kok, B. D. Means, B. P. Noonan, W. Schargel, &amp; W. C. Wheeler. 2006. Phylogenetic systematics of dart-poison frogs and their relatives (Anura: Athesphatanura: Dendrobatidae). Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 299, 1 - 262." type="journal article" year="2006">
Grant 
<emphasis id="90E88C60FFE7665BFD9B7B8824F0FE51" box="[608,662,389,412]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">et al.</emphasis>
2006
</bibRefCitation>
(by implication); 
<bibRefCitation id="C60D2D83FFE7665BFC697B88223CFE51" author="Lotters" box="[914,1114,389,412]" pageId="3" pageNumber="64" refString="Lotters, S., Jungfer, K. H, Henkel, W. F., &amp; W. Schmidt (2007) Poison frogs: Biology, species &amp; captive husbandry. Chimaira, Frankfurt, Germany." type="book" year="2007">
Lötters 
<emphasis id="90E88C60FFE7665BFC1F7B88227CFE51" box="[996,1050,389,412]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">et al.</emphasis>
2007
</bibRefCitation>
: p. 336–342 (partim).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="EA8603F9FFE7665BFF6C7BC0229BFD92" pageId="3" pageNumber="52" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="A2235072FFE7665BFF6C7BC024CFFDFA" blockId="3.[151,1437,461,2007]" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">
<emphasis id="90E88C60FFE7665BFF6C7BC02776FE2A" bold="true" box="[151,272,461,487]" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">
<typeStatus id="7D27EED0FFE7665BFF6C7BC0276FFE2A" box="[151,265,461,487]" pageId="3" pageNumber="52" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
.
</emphasis>
<collectionCode id="C48DC8B7FFE7665BFEE37BC02714FE2A" box="[280,370,461,487]" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">MUSM</collectionCode>
26937, an adult male that was observed calling, collected by J. Brown, K. Fieselman, and E. Twomey in Departamento San Martín, 
<collectingCountry id="DA8B10E2FFE7665BFD767BF824A0FDC2" box="[653,710,501,527]" name="Peru" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">Perú</collectingCountry>
, 
<quantity id="6564FD97FFE7665BFD287BF82541FDC2" box="[723,807,501,527]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" pageId="3" pageNumber="52" unit="km" value="3.5">3.5 km</quantity>
N of Tarapoto, Río Shilcayo drainage, 
<quantity id="6564FD97FFE7665BFB047BF8232AFDC2" box="[1279,1356,501,527]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.01" pageId="3" pageNumber="52" unit="m" value="401.0">401 m</quantity>
elevation, 
<geoCoordinate id="C7A836B5FFE7665BFF2878102704FDFA" box="[211,354,541,567]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="52" precision="15" value="-6.462222">6° 27' 44” S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="C7A836B5FFE7665BFE947810246EFDFA" box="[367,520,541,567]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="52" precision="15" value="-76.35166">76° 21' 6” W</geoCoordinate>
, 
<date id="D62276B2FFE7665BFDEF781024C3FDFA" box="[532,677,541,567]" pageId="3" pageNumber="52" value="2007-06-09">9 June 2007</date>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A2235072FFE7665BFF3D7848229BFD92" blockId="3.[151,1437,461,2007]" box="[198,1277,581,607]" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">
<emphasis id="90E88C60FFE7665BFF3D784827E4FD92" bold="true" box="[198,386,581,607]" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">Paratopotypes.</emphasis>
<collectionCode id="C48DC8B7FFE7665BFE7178482782FD92" box="[394,484,581,607]" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">MUSM</collectionCode>
26936, 26938, 26939 collected same date and location as 
<typeStatus id="7D27EED0FFE7665BFB747848229FFD92" box="[1167,1273,581,607]" pageId="3" pageNumber="52" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="EA8603F9FFE7665BFF3D7860253DFC22" pageId="3" pageNumber="52" type="description">
<paragraph id="A2235072FFE7665BFF3D7860253DFC22" blockId="3.[151,1437,461,2007]" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">
<emphasis id="90E88C60FFE7665BFF3D7860272DFD4A" bold="true" box="[198,331,621,647]" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">
<typeStatus id="7D27EED0FFE7665BFF3D78602725FD4A" box="[198,323,621,647]" pageId="3" pageNumber="52" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
.
</emphasis>
All from 
<collectingCountry id="DA8B10E2FFE7665BFE397860279AFD4A" box="[450,508,621,647]" name="Peru" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">Peru</collectingCountry>
. 
<emphasis id="90E88C60FFE7665BFDFC786024C7FD4A" bold="true" box="[519,673,621,647]" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">San Martín:</emphasis>
<quantity id="6564FD97FFE7665BFD5278602493FD4A" box="[681,757,621,647]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="52" unit="km" value="20.0">20 km</quantity>
SW of Tocache, upper Río Tocache drainage, 
<quantity id="6564FD97FFE7665BFAE77860230EFD4A" box="[1308,1384,621,647]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.65" pageId="3" pageNumber="52" unit="m" value="865.0">865 m</quantity>
elevation, 
<geoCoordinate id="C7A836B5FFE7665BFF0F78982719FD62" box="[244,383,661,687]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="52" precision="15" value="-8.308889">8°18’32” S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="C7A836B5FFE7665BFE6978982450FD62" box="[402,566,661,687]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="52" precision="15" value="-76.67583">76°40’33” W</geoCoordinate>
(MUSM 24939–24944), collected 
<date id="D62276B2FFE7665BFC11789822DEFD62" box="[1002,1208,661,687]" pageId="3" pageNumber="52" value="2006-07-11" valueMax="2006-07-13" valueMin="2006-07-11">11–13 July 2006</date>
by M. Pepper, E. Twomey, and W. Olthof); 
<quantity id="6564FD97FFE7665BFE3C78B02464FD1A" box="[455,514,701,727]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="52" unit="km" value="7.0">7 km</quantity>
NW of Saposoa, Río Shima drainage, 
<quantity id="6564FD97FFE7665BFC3D78B02276FD1A" box="[966,1040,701,727]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.08" pageId="3" pageNumber="52" unit="m" value="408.0">408 m</quantity>
elevation, 
<geoCoordinate id="C7A836B5FFE7665BFB6B78B02373FD1A" box="[1168,1301,701,727]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="52" precision="15" value="-6.8963885">6°53’47” S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="C7A836B5FFE7665BFAD978B026D5FD32" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="52" precision="15" value="-76.82806">76°49’41” W</geoCoordinate>
(MUSM 26974), collected 
<date id="D62276B2FFE7665BFDF378E824CBFD32" box="[520,685,741,767]" pageId="3" pageNumber="52" value="2007-06-24">24 June 2007</date>
by J. Brown and E. Twomey); Chazuta, Río Tunumtunumba drainage, 
<quantity id="6564FD97FFE7665BFEF179002732FCEA" box="[266,340,781,807]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.44" pageId="3" pageNumber="52" unit="m" value="244.0">244 m</quantity>
elevation, 
<geoCoordinate id="C7A836B5FFE7665BFE2E7900243CFCEA" box="[469,602,781,807]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="52" precision="15" value="-6.5600004">6°33’36” S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="C7A836B5FFE7665BFD9D79002493FCEA" box="[614,757,781,807]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="52" precision="15" value="-76.12195">76°7’19” W</geoCoordinate>
(MUSM 26934, 26935), collected 
<date id="D62276B2FFE7665BFB6B79002331FCEA" box="[1168,1367,781,807]" pageId="3" pageNumber="52" value="2007-06-11" valueMax="2007-06-12" valueMin="2007-06-11">11–12 June 2007</date>
by E. Twomey); 
<quantity id="6564FD97FFE7665BFEE17938273CFC82" box="[282,346,821,847]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="52" unit="km" value="7.0">7 km</quantity>
SW of Huicungo, Río Huayabamba drainage, 
<quantity id="6564FD97FFE7665BFC6279382581FC82" box="[921,999,821,847]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.52" pageId="3" pageNumber="52" unit="m" value="352.0">352 m</quantity>
elevation, 
<geoCoordinate id="C7A836B5FFE7665BFB947938228CFC82" box="[1135,1258,821,847]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="52" precision="15" value="-7.3675003">7°22’3” S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="C7A836B5FFE7665BFB00793823FAFC82" box="[1275,1436,821,847]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="52" precision="15" value="-76.81334">76°48’48” W</geoCoordinate>
(MUSM 26977), collected 
<date id="D62276B2FFE7665BFE237950241EFCBA" box="[472,632,861,887]" pageId="3" pageNumber="52" value="2007-06-25">25 June 2007</date>
by J. Brown and E. Twomey); 
<quantity id="6564FD97FFE7665BFC0B79502224FCBA" box="[1008,1090,861,887]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.5" pageId="3" pageNumber="52" unit="km" value="6.5">6.5 km</quantity>
N Campanilla, 
<quantity id="6564FD97FFE7665BFAFB7950232AFCBA" box="[1280,1356,861,887]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.13" pageId="3" pageNumber="52" unit="m" value="313.0">313 m</quantity>
elevation, 
<geoCoordinate id="C7A836B5FFE7665BFF2879882731FC52" box="[211,343,901,927]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="52" precision="15" value="-7.4275">7°25’39” S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="C7A836B5FFE7665BFE9F79882467FC52" box="[356,513,901,927]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="52" precision="15" value="-76.66473">76°39’53” W</geoCoordinate>
(MUSM 26981, 26982), collected 
<date id="D62276B2FFE7665BFC677988225EFC52" box="[924,1080,901,927]" pageId="3" pageNumber="52" value="2007-06-25">25 June 2007</date>
by J. Brown and E. Twomey). 
<emphasis id="90E88C60FFE7665BFF6C79A02692FC0A" bold="true" box="[151,244,941,967]" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">Loreto:</emphasis>
Pampa Hermosa, west bank of Río Ucayali, 
<quantity id="6564FD97FFE7665BFCF979A0252AFC0A" box="[770,844,941,967]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.53" pageId="3" pageNumber="52" unit="m" value="153.0">153 m</quantity>
elevation, 
<geoCoordinate id="C7A836B5FFE7665BFC3679A02234FC0A" box="[973,1106,941,967]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="52" precision="15" value="-7.2075">7°12’27” S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="C7A836B5FFE7665BFBA479A0229AFC0A" box="[1119,1276,941,967]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="52" precision="15" value="-75.32361">75°19’25” W</geoCoordinate>
(ECU-F 100, 101), collected 
<date id="D62276B2FFE7665BFEB779D82782FC22" box="[332,484,981,1007]" pageId="3" pageNumber="52" value="2006-07-21">21 July 2006</date>
by M. Pepper and E. Twomey).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="EA8603F9FFE7665BFF3D79F026BEF892" pageId="3" pageNumber="52" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="A2235072FFE7665BFF3D79F02424FB42" blockId="3.[151,1437,461,2007]" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">
<emphasis id="90E88C60FFE7665BFF3D79F02735FBDA" bold="true" box="[198,339,1021,1047]" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">Etymology.</emphasis>
The specific epithet is composed of the Latin adjective ‘ 
<emphasis id="90E88C60FFE7665BFC1279F02255FBDB" box="[1001,1075,1021,1046]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">altus’,</emphasis>
meaning ‘high’, and the Spanish adjective ‘ 
<emphasis id="90E88C60FFE7665BFEB97E2827A2FBF3" box="[322,452,1061,1086]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">Amazónica</emphasis>
’, meaning ‘pertaining to the Amazon’. Combined to signify ‘upper-Amazonian’, referring to the species’ distribution, being known from the upper Río Huallaga and Ucayali drainages, both major headwaters of Río Amazonas.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A2235072FFE7665BFF3D7E90230EFAE2" blockId="3.[151,1437,461,2007]" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">
<emphasis id="90E88C60FFE7665BFF3D7E90279BFB7A" bold="true" box="[198,509,1181,1207]" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">Definition and diagnosis.</emphasis>
A small species of 
<taxonomicName id="659C2BF1FFE7665BFD1D7E90253AFB7B" box="[742,860,1181,1206]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Ameerega" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="52" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="90E88C60FFE7665BFD1D7E90253AFB7B" box="[742,860,1181,1206]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">Ameerega</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with an adult SVL of approximately 
<quantity id="6564FD97FFE7665BFAED7E9023FEFB7A" box="[1302,1432,1181,1207]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.15" metricValueMax="2.5" metricValueMin="1.8" pageId="3" pageNumber="52" unit="mm" value="21.5" valueMax="25.0" valueMin="18.0">18–25 mm</quantity>
. Dorsal skin granular, black or brown, usually with white dorsolateral stripes extending from loreal region to groin. Yellow or orange spots present above groin, under axillae, and on shanks. White labial stripe present starting behind nares and ending at forelimb. Tadpole dark brown with large white spots lateral to mouth.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A2235072FFE7665BFF3D7F3026BEF892" blockId="3.[151,1437,461,2007]" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">
The combination of white dorsolateral stripes and a blue venter with black marbling distinguish 
<taxonomicName id="659C2BF1FFE7665BFAD47F302694FAB3" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Ameerega" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="52" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="altamazonica">
<emphasis id="90E88C60FFE7665BFAD47F302694FAB3" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">A. altamazonica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from the multitude of 
<taxonomicName id="659C2BF1FFE7665BFDD97F6824FEFAB3" box="[546,664,1381,1406]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Ameerega" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="52" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="90E88C60FFE7665BFDD97F6824FEFAB3" box="[546,664,1381,1406]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">Ameerega</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species possessing one but not both of these characteristics. 
<taxonomicName id="659C2BF1FFE7665BFF6C7F8027E1FA6B" box="[151,391,1421,1446]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Ameerega" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="52" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="yungicola">
<emphasis id="90E88C60FFE7665BFF6C7F8027E1FA6B" box="[151,391,1421,1446]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">Ameerega yungicola</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="659C2BF1FFE7665BFE447F802451FA6B" box="[447,567,1421,1446]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Ameerega" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="52" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" sensu="stricto" species="hahneli">
<emphasis id="90E88C60FFE7665BFE447F802451FA6B" box="[447,567,1421,1446]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">A. hahneli</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="8BDB311BFFE7665BFDC57F8024A9FA6A" box="[574,719,1421,1447]" pageId="3" pageNumber="52" sensu="stricto">sensu stricto</taxonomicNameLabel>
are the only other species of 
<taxonomicName id="659C2BF1FFE7665BFBDF7F8022FCFA6B" box="[1060,1178,1421,1446]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Ameerega" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="52" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="90E88C60FFE7665BFBDF7F8022FCFA6B" box="[1060,1178,1421,1446]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">Ameerega</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
possessing both these characters. 
<taxonomicName id="659C2BF1FFE7665BFEE57FB82476FA03" box="[286,528,1461,1486]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Ameerega" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="52" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="yungicola">
<emphasis id="90E88C60FFE7665BFEE57FB82476FA03" box="[286,528,1461,1486]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">Ameerega yungicola</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has maxillary teeth (teeth absent in 
<taxonomicName id="659C2BF1FFE7665BFC3F7FB822E2FA03" box="[964,1156,1461,1486]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Ameerega" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="52" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="altamazonica">
<emphasis id="90E88C60FFE7665BFC3F7FB822E2FA03" box="[964,1156,1461,1486]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">A. altamazonica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), red (versus orange or yellow in 
<taxonomicName id="659C2BF1FFE7665BFEF77FD027ACFA3B" box="[268,458,1501,1526]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Ameerega" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="52" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="altamazonica">
<emphasis id="90E88C60FFE7665BFEF77FD027ACFA3B" box="[268,458,1501,1526]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">A. altamazonica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) flash marks, and an advertisement call consisting of 4.5–5.0 notes per second with a dominant frequency of 3590-3719 Hz (versus 2–3 notes per second with a dominant frequency of 4300– 5140 Hz in 
<emphasis id="90E88C60FFE7665BFEDB7C20278EF98B" box="[288,488,1581,1606]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">
<taxonomicName id="659C2BF1FFE7665BFEDB7C202786F98B" box="[288,480,1581,1606]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Ameerega" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="52" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="altamazonica">A. altamazonica</taxonomicName>
)
</emphasis>
. 
<taxonomicName id="659C2BF1FFE7665BFE0C7C2024AAF98B" box="[503,716,1581,1606]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Ameerega" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="52" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" sensu="stricto" species="hahneli">
<emphasis id="90E88C60FFE7665BFE0C7C2024AAF98B" box="[503,716,1581,1606]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">Ameerega hahneli</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="8BDB311BFFE7665BFD2F7C202503F98A" box="[724,869,1581,1607]" pageId="3" pageNumber="52" sensu="stricto">sensu stricto</taxonomicNameLabel>
is morphologically most similar to the new species but has an advertisement call consisting of 6–10 notes per second for several minutes. Its tadpole has enlarged and pointed (versus reduced and rounded in 
<taxonomicName id="659C2BF1FFE7665BFCD17C70258DF95B" box="[810,1003,1661,1686]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Ameerega" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="52" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="altamazonica">
<emphasis id="90E88C60FFE7665BFCD17C70258DF95B" box="[810,1003,1661,1686]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">A. altamazonica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) marginal papillae on the posterior labium. Other species similar in appearance to 
<taxonomicName id="659C2BF1FFE7665BFD467CA8251DF973" box="[701,891,1701,1726]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Ameerega" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="52" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="altamazonica">
<emphasis id="90E88C60FFE7665BFD467CA8251DF973" box="[701,891,1701,1726]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">A. altamazonica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
include 
<emphasis id="90E88C60FFE7665BFC1A7CA822BCF973" box="[993,1242,1701,1726]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">
<taxonomicName id="659C2BF1FFE7665BFC1A7CA82212F973" box="[993,1140,1701,1726]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Ameerega" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="52" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="boliviana">A. boliviana</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="659C2BF1FFE7665BFB847CA822BCF973" box="[1151,1242,1701,1726]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Ameerega" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="52" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" sensu="stricto" species="picta">A. picta</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="8BDB311BFFE7665BFB197CA82315F972" box="[1250,1395,1701,1727]" pageId="3" pageNumber="52" sensu="stricto">sensu stricto</taxonomicNameLabel>
, 
<emphasis id="90E88C60FFE7665BFA787CA827A0F92B" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">
<taxonomicName id="659C2BF1FFE7665BFA787CA8268CF92B" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Ameerega" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="52" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="petersi">A. petersi</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="659C2BF1FFE7665BFF017CC027A5F92B" box="[250,451,1741,1766]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Ameerega" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="52" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pulchripectus">A. pulchripectus</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
(all of which have yellowish or green dorsolateral stripes), and 
<taxonomicName id="659C2BF1FFE7665BFB117CC023FAF92B" box="[1258,1436,1741,1766]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Ameerega" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="52" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rubriventris">
<emphasis id="90E88C60FFE7665BFB117CC023FAF92B" box="[1258,1436,1741,1766]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">A. rubriventris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(which has a reddish-orange venter instead of a blue venter in 
<taxonomicName id="659C2BF1FFE7665BFC947CF8224BF8C3" box="[879,1069,1781,1806]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Ameerega" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="52" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="altamazonica">
<emphasis id="90E88C60FFE7665BFC947CF8224BF8C3" box="[879,1069,1781,1806]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">A. altamazonica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). The last mentioned species is the sister taxon to 
<emphasis id="90E88C60FFE7665BFE8F7D10245AF8FB" box="[372,572,1821,1846]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">
<taxonomicName id="659C2BF1FFE7665BFE8F7D10245EF8FB" box="[372,568,1821,1846]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Ameerega" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="52" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="altamazonica">A. altamazonica</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
genetically distinct on the basis of 24 unambiguous nucleotide substitutions.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="EA8603F9FFE7665EFF3D7D60257DFE4F" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="55" pageId="3" pageNumber="52" type="description">
<paragraph id="A2235072FFE7665BFF3D7D6022ADF81A" blockId="3.[151,1437,461,2007]" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">
<emphasis id="90E88C60FFE7665BFF3D7D602789F84A" bold="true" box="[198,495,1901,1927]" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">Measurements (in mm).</emphasis>
The male 
<typeStatus id="7D27EED0FFE7665BFD917D6024B6F84A" box="[618,720,1901,1927]" pageId="3" pageNumber="52" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
(
<figureCitation id="3AA74CF7FFE7665BFD1B7D602549F84A" box="[736,815,1901,1927]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="5.[151,255,1898,1922]" captionTargetBox="[155,1431,471,1883]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[155,1433,469,1884]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 1. Ameerega altamazonica, dorsal and ventral views of same specimens. Top row, left to right: MUSM 26934, 26935 (Chazuta); MUSM 26936 – 26939 (near Tarapoto); ECU-F 107 (Tocache, non-paratype); second row, left to right: ECU-F 108 - 111 (Tocache, non-paratypes); MUSM 26974 (Saposoa); MUSM 26977 (Huicungo); MUSM 26981, 26982 (Campanilla); 646 (Tocache); ventral photos are in the same order. Bar in bottom center represents 10 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/181830/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">Figs. 1</figureCitation>
&amp; 
<figureCitation id="3AA74CF7FFE7665BFCAF7D602505F84A" box="[852,867,1901,1927]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="6.[151,254,1832,1856]" captionTargetBox="[155,1431,837,1814]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[155,1433,827,1814]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 2. Interpopulation variation in Ameerega altamazonica. Individuals in the top row are from near Tarapoto (holotype), Chazuta, and Saposoa (left to right); individuals in the middle row are from Río Abiseo, Campanilla, and Tocache (left to right). In the Huallaga valley there is a cline from a black dorsum with well-defined dorsolateral stripes in the northern populations (e. g. Tarapoto) to a brown dorsum with dorsolateral stripes faint or absent in southern populations (e. g. Tocache). Bottom row showing ventral pattern in adults from Tarapoto, Río Abiseo, and Tocache (left to right)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/181831/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">2</figureCitation>
) has SVL 21.4; FL 10.4; FL 10.9; KK 20.0; FoL 10.2; HaL 10.7; HL 6.8; HW 6.1; BW 6.5; UEW 1.6; IOW 3.0; 
<collectingCountry id="DA8B10E2FFE7665BFC707D9825D9F862" box="[907,959,1941,1967]" name="India" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">IND</collectingCountry>
2.9; TD 1.4; ED 1.6; DET 1.8; L1F 3.2; L2F 2.9; W3D 0.6; W3F 0.3. For 
<typeStatus id="7D27EED0FFE7665BFDD87DB024F5F81A" box="[547,659,1981,2007]" pageId="3" pageNumber="52" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
from Tarapoto and Chazuta regions see 
<tableCitation id="EF1E65C9FFE7665BFB967DB022A3F81A" box="[1133,1221,1981,2007]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="4.[151,239,711,735]" captionTargetBox="[159,1396,837,1748]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="TABLE 1. Measurements (in mm) of Ameerega altamazonica from type locality and Chazuta. Averages (with standard deviation) were calculated from the type series plus 6 additional undeposited specimens from Tocache (MUSM 24939 – 24944)." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/F6E300FAFFE0665CFF6C78CA268CFCE9" pageId="3" pageNumber="52" tableUuid="F6E300FAFFE0665CFF6C78CA268CFCE9">Table 1</tableCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A2235072FFE0665CFF3D7A9A2357FD5F" blockId="4.[151,1437,151,658]" pageId="4" pageNumber="53">
<emphasis id="90E88C60FFE0665CFF3D7A9A246EFF7C" bold="true" box="[198,520,151,177]" pageId="4" pageNumber="53">
Description of 
<typeStatus id="7D27EED0FFE0665CFE857A9A27D2FF7C" box="[382,436,151,177]" pageId="4" pageNumber="53">type</typeStatus>
series.
</emphasis>
A small species of 
<taxonomicName id="659C2BF1FFE0665CFD157A952502FF7C" box="[750,868,152,177]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Ameerega" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="53" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="90E88C60FFE0665CFD157A952502FF7C" box="[750,868,152,177]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="53">Ameerega</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, adults 
<quantity id="6564FD97FFE0665CFC3B7A952201FF7F" box="[960,1127,152,178]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0949999999999998" metricValueMax="2.45" metricValueMin="1.7399999999999998" pageId="4" pageNumber="53" unit="mm" value="20.95" valueMax="24.5" valueMin="17.4">17.4-24.5 mm</quantity>
, males slightly larger than females: 
<specimenCount id="B49A9BFBFFE0665CFEF87ACD2705FF17" box="[259,355,192,218]" pageId="4" pageNumber="53" type="adult">15 adult</specimenCount>
males 
<quantity id="6564FD97FFE0665CFE407ACD2401FF17" box="[443,615,192,218]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0149999999999997" metricValueMax="2.29" metricValueMin="1.7399999999999998" pageId="4" pageNumber="53" unit="mm" value="20.15" valueMax="22.9" valueMin="17.4">17.4–22.9 mm</quantity>
(mean 
<quantity id="6564FD97FFE0665CFD397ACD2556FF17" box="[706,816,192,218]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.05" pageId="4" pageNumber="53" unit="mm" value="20.5">20.5 mm</quantity>
), six adult females 18.0– 
<quantity id="6564FD97FFE0665CFBA07ACD22A0FF17" box="[1115,1222,192,218]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.45" pageId="4" pageNumber="53" unit="mm" value="24.5">24.5 mm</quantity>
(mean 
<quantity id="6564FD97FFE0665CFADA7ACD23F6FF17" box="[1313,1424,192,218]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.21" pageId="4" pageNumber="53" unit="mm" value="22.1">22.1 mm</quantity>
). Sexual dimorphism is is exhibited only by males being slightly smaller and possessing vocal slits and a subgular vocal sac. Maxillary teeth absent; tongue gray, ovoid, attaching anteriorly on front one-quarter; choanae circular. Skin granular, especially on the dorsum and the dorsal surfaces of hindlimbs. Dorsal surfaces of forelimbs slightly granular, flanks and venter non-granular. In life, dorsal coloration of the head, back, and limbs ranges from black (as in 
<typeStatus id="7D27EED0FFE0665CFE2A7B85245EFE6F" box="[465,568,392,418]" pageId="4" pageNumber="53" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
and topotypes) to copper-brown, thin white dorsolateral stripe usually present including 
<typeStatus id="7D27EED0FFE0665CFE927BBD27A9FE07" box="[361,463,432,458]" pageId="4" pageNumber="53" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
(one population lacks dorsolateral stripes, see below). Flanks black, some individuals have light blue spotting (spots absent in 
<typeStatus id="7D27EED0FFE0665CFD587BD52569FE3F" box="[675,783,472,498]" pageId="4" pageNumber="53" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
). Venter smooth, dark to light blue with black marbling, yellow (as in 
<typeStatus id="7D27EED0FFE0665CFEC3780D27C6FDD7" box="[312,416,512,538]" pageId="4" pageNumber="53" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
) or orange spots present under axillae and on medial face of tibia. Limbs light to dark brown on dorsal surfaces, ventral surfaces of forelimbs are light blue distally, yellow proximally. Underside of head pigmented as the venter but often darker (i.e. more black marbling), more evident in males. Iris dark brown with golden ring around pupil. All light and flash colors fade to white or gray in preservative.
</paragraph>
<caption id="F6E300FAFFE0665CFF6C78CA268CFCE9" ID-Table-UUID="F6E300FAFFE0665CFF6C78CA268CFCE9" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/F6E300FAFFE0665CFF6C78CA268CFCE9" pageId="4" pageNumber="53" targetBox="[159,1396,837,1748]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="4">
<paragraph id="A2235072FFE0665CFF6C78CA268CFCE9" blockId="4.[151,1436,711,804]" pageId="4" pageNumber="53">
<emphasis id="90E88C60FFE0665CFF6C78CA276CFD12" bold="true" box="[151,266,711,735]" pageId="4" pageNumber="53">TABLE 1.</emphasis>
Measurements (in mm) of 
<taxonomicName id="659C2BF1FFE0665CFDC978C52552FD12" box="[562,820,712,735]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Ameerega" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="53" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="altamazonica">
<emphasis id="90E88C60FFE0665CFDC978C52552FD12" box="[562,820,712,735]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="53">Ameerega altamazonica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from type locality and Chazuta. Averages (with standard deviation) were calculated from the type series plus 6 additional undeposited specimens from Tocache (MUSM 24939– 24944).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="A2235072FFE0665CFF6479482218F919" pageId="4" pageNumber="53">
<table id="D09CA2D2FFE099A7FF6479482312F919" box="[159,1396,837,1748]" gridcols="7" gridrows="14" pageId="4" pageNumber="53">
<tr id="1CAC5230FFE099A7FF6479482312FC64" box="[159,1396,837,937]" gridrow="0" pageId="4" pageNumber="53">
<th id="5F7D3B4CFFE099A7FF64794827F4FC64" box="[159,402,837,937]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="4" pageNumber="53">Character MUSM 26934 SVL 20.3</th>
<th id="5F7D3B4CFFE099A7FE1A79482455FC64" box="[481,563,837,937]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="4" pageNumber="53">MUSM 26935 20.9</th>
<th id="5F7D3B4CFFE099A7FD79794824B3FC64" box="[642,725,837,937]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="4" pageNumber="53">MUSM 26936 24.5</th>
<th id="5F7D3B4CFFE099A7FCDF79482510FC64" box="[804,886,837,937]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="4" pageNumber="53">MUSM 26937 21.4</th>
<th id="5F7D3B4CFFE099A7FC3E79482271FC64" box="[965,1047,837,937]" gridcol="4" gridrow="0" pageId="4" pageNumber="53">MUSM 26938 20.2</th>
<th id="5F7D3B4CFFE099A7FB9D794822DEFC64" box="[1126,1208,837,937]" gridcol="5" gridrow="0" pageId="4" pageNumber="53">MUSM 26939 21.0</th>
<th id="5F7D3B4CFFE099A7FAF379482312FC64" box="[1288,1396,837,937]" gridcol="6" gridrow="0" pageId="4" pageNumber="53">
Average (
<emphasis id="90E88C60FFE0665CFAEA79652345FCB2" box="[1297,1315,872,895]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="53">N</emphasis>
= 23) 20.5 ± 2.3
</th>
</tr>
<tr id="1CAC5230FFE099A7FF6479B02312FC19" box="[159,1396,957,980]" gridrow="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="53">
<th id="5F7D3B4CFFE099A7FF6479B027F4FC19" box="[159,402,957,980]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="53">FL 10.5</th>
<td id="5F7D3B4CFFE099A7FE1A79B02455FC19" box="[481,563,957,980]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="53">9.9</td>
<td id="5F7D3B4CFFE099A7FD7979B024B3FC19" box="[642,725,957,980]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="53">11.1</td>
<td id="5F7D3B4CFFE099A7FCDF79B02510FC19" box="[804,886,957,980]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="53">10.4</td>
<td id="5F7D3B4CFFE099A7FC3E79B02271FC19" box="[965,1047,957,980]" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="53">9.5</td>
<td id="5F7D3B4CFFE099A7FB9D79B022DEFC19" box="[1126,1208,957,980]" gridcol="5" gridrow="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="53">9.9</td>
<td id="5F7D3B4CFFE099A7FAF379B02312FC19" box="[1288,1396,957,980]" gridcol="6" gridrow="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="53">9.2 ± 1.1</td>
</tr>
<tr id="1CAC5230FFE099A7FF6479E52312FBE4" box="[159,1396,1000,1065]" gridrow="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="53">
<th id="5F7D3B4CFFE099A7FF6479E527F4FBE4" box="[159,402,1000,1065]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="53">TL 11.4 KK 20.5</th>
<td id="5F7D3B4CFFE099A7FE1A79E52455FBE4" box="[481,563,1000,1065]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="53">10.9 20.0</td>
<td id="5F7D3B4CFFE099A7FD7979E524B3FBE4" box="[642,725,1000,1065]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="53">11.7 21.6</td>
<td id="5F7D3B4CFFE099A7FCDF79E52510FBE4" box="[804,886,1000,1065]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="53">10.9 20.0</td>
<td id="5F7D3B4CFFE099A7FC3E79E52271FBE4" box="[965,1047,1000,1065]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="53">10.6 19.8</td>
<td id="5F7D3B4CFFE099A7FB9D79E522DEFBE4" box="[1126,1208,1000,1065]" gridcol="5" gridrow="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="53">10.2 9.3</td>
<td id="5F7D3B4CFFE099A7FAF379E52312FBE4" box="[1288,1396,1000,1065]" gridcol="6" gridrow="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="53">10.0 ± 1.0 18.2 ± 2.8</td>
</tr>
<tr id="1CAC5230FFE099A7FF647E302312FB99" box="[159,1396,1085,1108]" gridrow="3" pageId="4" pageNumber="53">
<th id="5F7D3B4CFFE099A7FF647E3027F4FB99" box="[159,402,1085,1108]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="4" pageNumber="53">FoL 9.1</th>
<td id="5F7D3B4CFFE099A7FE1A7E302455FB99" box="[481,563,1085,1108]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="4" pageNumber="53">10.0</td>
<td id="5F7D3B4CFFE099A7FD797E3024B3FB99" box="[642,725,1085,1108]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="4" pageNumber="53">20.8</td>
<td id="5F7D3B4CFFE099A7FCDF7E302510FB99" box="[804,886,1085,1108]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="4" pageNumber="53">10.2</td>
<td id="5F7D3B4CFFE099A7FC3E7E302271FB99" box="[965,1047,1085,1108]" gridcol="4" gridrow="3" pageId="4" pageNumber="53">9.8</td>
<td id="5F7D3B4CFFE099A7FB9D7E3022DEFB99" box="[1126,1208,1085,1108]" gridcol="5" gridrow="3" pageId="4" pageNumber="53">9.2</td>
<td id="5F7D3B4CFFE099A7FAF37E302312FB99" box="[1288,1396,1085,1108]" gridcol="6" gridrow="3" pageId="4" pageNumber="53">9.4 ± 2.8</td>
</tr>
<tr id="1CAC5230FFE099A7FF647E652312FB64" box="[159,1396,1128,1193]" gridrow="4" pageId="4" pageNumber="53">
<th id="5F7D3B4CFFE099A7FF647E6527F4FB64" box="[159,402,1128,1193]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="4" pageNumber="53">HaL 6.1 HL 6.2</th>
<td id="5F7D3B4CFFE099A7FE1A7E652455FB64" box="[481,563,1128,1193]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="4" pageNumber="53">5.9 7.1</td>
<td id="5F7D3B4CFFE099A7FD797E6524B3FB64" box="[642,725,1128,1193]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="4" pageNumber="53">6.5 7.9</td>
<td id="5F7D3B4CFFE099A7FCDF7E652510FB64" box="[804,886,1128,1193]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="4" pageNumber="53">5.7 6.8</td>
<td id="5F7D3B4CFFE099A7FC3E7E652271FB64" box="[965,1047,1128,1193]" gridcol="4" gridrow="4" pageId="4" pageNumber="53">5.9 7.8</td>
<td id="5F7D3B4CFFE099A7FB9D7E6522DEFB64" box="[1126,1208,1128,1193]" gridcol="5" gridrow="4" pageId="4" pageNumber="53">5.5 6.4</td>
<td id="5F7D3B4CFFE099A7FAF37E652312FB64" box="[1288,1396,1128,1193]" gridcol="6" gridrow="4" pageId="4" pageNumber="53">5.4 ± 0.7 6.5 ± 0.8</td>
</tr>
<tr id="1CAC5230FFE099A7FF647EB02312FB19" box="[159,1396,1213,1236]" gridrow="5" pageId="4" pageNumber="53">
<th id="5F7D3B4CFFE099A7FF647EB027F4FB19" box="[159,402,1213,1236]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="4" pageNumber="53">HW 5.9</th>
<td id="5F7D3B4CFFE099A7FE1A7EB02455FB19" box="[481,563,1213,1236]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="4" pageNumber="53">6.3</td>
<td id="5F7D3B4CFFE099A7FD797EB024B3FB19" box="[642,725,1213,1236]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="4" pageNumber="53">6.9</td>
<td id="5F7D3B4CFFE099A7FCDF7EB02510FB19" box="[804,886,1213,1236]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="4" pageNumber="53">6.1</td>
<td id="5F7D3B4CFFE099A7FC3E7EB02271FB19" box="[965,1047,1213,1236]" gridcol="4" gridrow="5" pageId="4" pageNumber="53">6.3</td>
<td id="5F7D3B4CFFE099A7FB9D7EB022DEFB19" box="[1126,1208,1213,1236]" gridcol="5" gridrow="5" pageId="4" pageNumber="53">6.2</td>
<td id="5F7D3B4CFFE099A7FAF37EB02312FB19" box="[1288,1396,1213,1236]" gridcol="6" gridrow="5" pageId="4" pageNumber="53">6.0 ± 0.6</td>
</tr>
<tr id="1CAC5230FFE099A7FF647EE52312FAE4" box="[159,1396,1256,1321]" gridrow="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="53">
<th id="5F7D3B4CFFE099A7FF647EE527F4FAE4" box="[159,402,1256,1321]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="53">BW 6.6 UEW 1.6</th>
<td id="5F7D3B4CFFE099A7FE1A7EE52455FAE4" box="[481,563,1256,1321]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="53">6.4 1.6</td>
<td id="5F7D3B4CFFE099A7FD797EE524B3FAE4" box="[642,725,1256,1321]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="53">6.9 2.1</td>
<td id="5F7D3B4CFFE099A7FCDF7EE52510FAE4" box="[804,886,1256,1321]" gridcol="3" gridrow="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="53">6.5 1.6</td>
<td id="5F7D3B4CFFE099A7FC3E7EE52271FAE4" box="[965,1047,1256,1321]" gridcol="4" gridrow="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="53">7.3 1.7</td>
<td id="5F7D3B4CFFE099A7FB9D7EE522DEFAE4" box="[1126,1208,1256,1321]" gridcol="5" gridrow="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="53">7.0 1.7</td>
<td id="5F7D3B4CFFE099A7FAF37EE52312FAE4" box="[1288,1396,1256,1321]" gridcol="6" gridrow="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="53">6.2 ± 0.9 2.8 ± 0.5</td>
</tr>
<tr id="1CAC5230FFE099A7FF647F302312FA99" box="[159,1396,1341,1364]" gridrow="7" pageId="4" pageNumber="53">
<th id="5F7D3B4CFFE099A7FF647F3027F4FA99" box="[159,402,1341,1364]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="4" pageNumber="53">IOW 3.2</th>
<td id="5F7D3B4CFFE099A7FE1A7F302455FA99" box="[481,563,1341,1364]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="4" pageNumber="53">3.3</td>
<td id="5F7D3B4CFFE099A7FD797F3024B3FA99" box="[642,725,1341,1364]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="4" pageNumber="53">3.2</td>
<td id="5F7D3B4CFFE099A7FCDF7F302510FA99" box="[804,886,1341,1364]" gridcol="3" gridrow="7" pageId="4" pageNumber="53">3.0</td>
<td id="5F7D3B4CFFE099A7FC3E7F302271FA99" box="[965,1047,1341,1364]" gridcol="4" gridrow="7" pageId="4" pageNumber="53">2.7</td>
<td id="5F7D3B4CFFE099A7FB9D7F3022DEFA99" box="[1126,1208,1341,1364]" gridcol="5" gridrow="7" pageId="4" pageNumber="53">2.9</td>
<td id="5F7D3B4CFFE099A7FAF37F302312FA99" box="[1288,1396,1341,1364]" gridcol="6" gridrow="7" pageId="4" pageNumber="53">2.6 ± 0.4</td>
</tr>
<tr id="1CAC5230FFE099A7FF647F652312FA64" box="[159,1396,1384,1449]" gridrow="8" pageId="4" pageNumber="53">
<th id="5F7D3B4CFFE099A7FF647F6527F4FA64" box="[159,402,1384,1449]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="4" pageNumber="53">IND 2.9 TD 1.3</th>
<td id="5F7D3B4CFFE099A7FE1A7F652455FA64" box="[481,563,1384,1449]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="4" pageNumber="53">2.9 1.3</td>
<td id="5F7D3B4CFFE099A7FD797F6524B3FA64" box="[642,725,1384,1449]" gridcol="2" gridrow="8" pageId="4" pageNumber="53">3.2 1.4</td>
<td id="5F7D3B4CFFE099A7FCDF7F652510FA64" box="[804,886,1384,1449]" gridcol="3" gridrow="8" pageId="4" pageNumber="53">2.9 1.4</td>
<td id="5F7D3B4CFFE099A7FC3E7F652271FA64" box="[965,1047,1384,1449]" gridcol="4" gridrow="8" pageId="4" pageNumber="53">3.0 1.4</td>
<td id="5F7D3B4CFFE099A7FB9D7F6522DEFA64" box="[1126,1208,1384,1449]" gridcol="5" gridrow="8" pageId="4" pageNumber="53">2.9 1.1</td>
<td id="5F7D3B4CFFE099A7FAF37F652312FA64" box="[1288,1396,1384,1449]" gridcol="6" gridrow="8" pageId="4" pageNumber="53">2.8 ± 0.2 1.0 ± 0.2</td>
</tr>
<tr id="1CAC5230FFE099A7FF647FB02312FA19" box="[159,1396,1469,1492]" gridrow="9" pageId="4" pageNumber="53">
<th id="5F7D3B4CFFE099A7FF647FB027F4FA19" box="[159,402,1469,1492]" gridcol="0" gridrow="9" pageId="4" pageNumber="53">ED 1.9</th>
<td id="5F7D3B4CFFE099A7FE1A7FB02455FA19" box="[481,563,1469,1492]" gridcol="1" gridrow="9" pageId="4" pageNumber="53">1.6</td>
<td id="5F7D3B4CFFE099A7FD797FB024B3FA19" box="[642,725,1469,1492]" gridcol="2" gridrow="9" pageId="4" pageNumber="53">1.7</td>
<td id="5F7D3B4CFFE099A7FCDF7FB02510FA19" box="[804,886,1469,1492]" gridcol="3" gridrow="9" pageId="4" pageNumber="53">1.6</td>
<td id="5F7D3B4CFFE099A7FC3E7FB02271FA19" box="[965,1047,1469,1492]" gridcol="4" gridrow="9" pageId="4" pageNumber="53">1.4</td>
<td id="5F7D3B4CFFE099A7FB9D7FB022DEFA19" box="[1126,1208,1469,1492]" gridcol="5" gridrow="9" pageId="4" pageNumber="53">1.6</td>
<td id="5F7D3B4CFFE099A7FAF37FB02312FA19" box="[1288,1396,1469,1492]" gridcol="6" gridrow="9" pageId="4" pageNumber="53">2.4 ± 0.4</td>
</tr>
<tr id="1CAC5230FFE099A7FF647FE52312F9E4" box="[159,1396,1512,1577]" gridrow="10" pageId="4" pageNumber="53">
<th id="5F7D3B4CFFE099A7FF647FE527F4F9E4" box="[159,402,1512,1577]" gridcol="0" gridrow="10" pageId="4" pageNumber="53">DET 0.6 L1F 3.5</th>
<td id="5F7D3B4CFFE099A7FE1A7FE52455F9E4" box="[481,563,1512,1577]" gridcol="1" gridrow="10" pageId="4" pageNumber="53">1.1 3.5</td>
<td id="5F7D3B4CFFE099A7FD797FE524B3F9E4" box="[642,725,1512,1577]" gridcol="2" gridrow="10" pageId="4" pageNumber="53">1.2 3.6</td>
<td id="5F7D3B4CFFE099A7FCDF7FE52510F9E4" box="[804,886,1512,1577]" gridcol="3" gridrow="10" pageId="4" pageNumber="53">0.8 3.2</td>
<td id="5F7D3B4CFFE099A7FC3E7FE52271F9E4" box="[965,1047,1512,1577]" gridcol="4" gridrow="10" pageId="4" pageNumber="53">0.9 3.5</td>
<td id="5F7D3B4CFFE099A7FB9D7FE522DEF9E4" box="[1126,1208,1512,1577]" gridcol="5" gridrow="10" pageId="4" pageNumber="53">1.0 3.5</td>
<td id="5F7D3B4CFFE099A7FAF37FE52312F9E4" box="[1288,1396,1512,1577]" gridcol="6" gridrow="10" pageId="4" pageNumber="53">0.7 ± 0.2 3.3 ± 0.3</td>
</tr>
<tr id="1CAC5230FFE099A7FF647C302312F999" box="[159,1396,1597,1620]" gridrow="11" pageId="4" pageNumber="53">
<th id="5F7D3B4CFFE099A7FF647C3027F4F999" box="[159,402,1597,1620]" gridcol="0" gridrow="11" pageId="4" pageNumber="53">L2F 4.0</th>
<td id="5F7D3B4CFFE099A7FE1A7C302455F999" box="[481,563,1597,1620]" gridcol="1" gridrow="11" pageId="4" pageNumber="53">3.2</td>
<td id="5F7D3B4CFFE099A7FD797C3024B3F999" box="[642,725,1597,1620]" gridcol="2" gridrow="11" pageId="4" pageNumber="53">3.2</td>
<td id="5F7D3B4CFFE099A7FCDF7C302510F999" box="[804,886,1597,1620]" gridcol="3" gridrow="11" pageId="4" pageNumber="53">2.9</td>
<td id="5F7D3B4CFFE099A7FC3E7C302271F999" box="[965,1047,1597,1620]" gridcol="4" gridrow="11" pageId="4" pageNumber="53">3.2</td>
<td id="5F7D3B4CFFE099A7FB9D7C3022DEF999" box="[1126,1208,1597,1620]" gridcol="5" gridrow="11" pageId="4" pageNumber="53">3.2</td>
<td id="5F7D3B4CFFE099A7FAF37C302312F999" box="[1288,1396,1597,1620]" gridcol="6" gridrow="11" pageId="4" pageNumber="53">3.1 ± 0.3</td>
</tr>
<tr id="1CAC5230FFE099A7FF647C652312F964" box="[159,1396,1640,1705]" gridrow="12" pageId="4" pageNumber="53">
<th id="5F7D3B4CFFE099A7FF647C6527F4F964" box="[159,402,1640,1705]" gridcol="0" gridrow="12" pageId="4" pageNumber="53">W3D 0.6 W3F 0.3</th>
<td id="5F7D3B4CFFE099A7FE1A7C652455F964" box="[481,563,1640,1705]" gridcol="1" gridrow="12" pageId="4" pageNumber="53">0.5 0.3</td>
<td id="5F7D3B4CFFE099A7FD797C6524B3F964" box="[642,725,1640,1705]" gridcol="2" gridrow="12" pageId="4" pageNumber="53">0.6 0.3</td>
<td id="5F7D3B4CFFE099A7FCDF7C652510F964" box="[804,886,1640,1705]" gridcol="3" gridrow="12" pageId="4" pageNumber="53">0.6 0.3</td>
<td id="5F7D3B4CFFE099A7FC3E7C652271F964" box="[965,1047,1640,1705]" gridcol="4" gridrow="12" pageId="4" pageNumber="53">0.5 0.3</td>
<td id="5F7D3B4CFFE099A7FB9D7C6522DEF964" box="[1126,1208,1640,1705]" gridcol="5" gridrow="12" pageId="4" pageNumber="53">0.5 0.3</td>
<td id="5F7D3B4CFFE099A7FAF37C652312F964" box="[1288,1396,1640,1705]" gridcol="6" gridrow="12" pageId="4" pageNumber="53">0.5 ± 0.1 0.3 ± 0.1</td>
</tr>
<tr id="1CAC5230FFE099A7FF647CB02312F919" box="[159,1396,1725,1748]" gridrow="13" pageId="4" pageNumber="53" rowspan-6="1">
<th id="5F7D3B4CFFE099A7FF647CB027F4F919" box="[159,402,1725,1748]" gridcol="0" gridrow="13" pageId="4" pageNumber="53">SEX M</th>
<td id="5F7D3B4CFFE099A7FE1A7CB02455F919" box="[481,563,1725,1748]" gridcol="1" gridrow="13" pageId="4" pageNumber="53">M</td>
<td id="5F7D3B4CFFE099A7FD797CB024B3F919" box="[642,725,1725,1748]" gridcol="2" gridrow="13" pageId="4" pageNumber="53">F</td>
<td id="5F7D3B4CFFE099A7FCDF7CB02510F919" box="[804,886,1725,1748]" gridcol="3" gridrow="13" pageId="4" pageNumber="53">M</td>
<td id="5F7D3B4CFFE099A7FC3E7CB02271F919" box="[965,1047,1725,1748]" gridcol="4" gridrow="13" pageId="4" pageNumber="53">M</td>
<td id="5F7D3B4CFFE099A7FB9D7CB022DEF919" box="[1126,1208,1725,1748]" gridcol="5" gridrow="13" pageId="4" pageNumber="53">M</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A2235072FFE0665DFF3E7D28242AFECF" blockId="4.[151,1437,1829,2015]" lastBlockId="5.[151,1437,152,418]" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="54" pageId="4" pageNumber="53">Head widest at jaw articulations, slightly narrower than body in most individuals (head width at tympanum 95% of body width at axillae); head width 26–31% of SVL. Snout sloping laterally; bluntly rounded dorsally; truncate ventrally. Nares situated and directed posterolaterally to the tip of snout; nares visible from front and below, not so from above. Canthus rostralis sloped, slightly rounded; loreal region slightly concave (nearly vertical). Interorbital distance nearly same width of superior upper eyelid. Eye large and prominent, with a maximum diameter of 9.9% of the snout vent length; pupil rounded and horizontally elliptical. Tympanum circular, partially concealed posterodorsally, lacking tympanic annulus; tympanum width 41.5% of eye diameter. Supratympanic fold absent.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A2235072FFE1665DFF3E7B1D23F0FE6F" blockId="5.[151,1437,152,418]" pageId="5" pageNumber="54">
Hands relatively small, length 26% of SVL. Relative length of appressed fingers: III&gt; IV 
<emphasis id="90E88C60FFE1665DFB0C7B1E2362FEE5" bold="true" box="[1271,1284,275,296]" pageId="5" pageNumber="54">≈</emphasis>
II&gt; I. Discs moderately expanded, disc on finger III 1.6 times width of finger below disc. A large, circular outer metacarpal tubercle is present on the median base of the palm; a smaller inner metacarpal tubercle present on base of finger I; one well developed and prominent subarticular tubercle on fingers I and II, two on fingers III and IV.
</paragraph>
<caption id="F6E300FAFFE1665DFF6C7D67236CF824" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/181830/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="54" targetBox="[155,1431,471,1883]" targetPageId="5">
<paragraph id="A2235072FFE1665DFF6C7D67236CF824" blockId="5.[151,1437,1898,2025]" pageId="5" pageNumber="54">
<emphasis id="90E88C60FFE1665DFF6C7D67277FF84F" bold="true" box="[151,281,1898,1922]" pageId="5" pageNumber="54">FIGURE 1.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="659C2BF1FFE1665DFEDB7D672447F84C" box="[288,545,1898,1921]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Ameerega" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="54" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="altamazonica">
<emphasis id="90E88C60FFE1665DFEDB7D672447F84C" box="[288,545,1898,1921]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="54">Ameerega altamazonica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, dorsal and ventral views of same specimens. Top row, left to right: MUSM 26934, 26935 (Chazuta); MUSM 26936–26939 (near Tarapoto); ECU-F 107 (Tocache, non-paratype); second row, left to right: ECU-F 108-111 (Tocache, non-paratypes); MUSM 26974 (Saposoa); MUSM 26977 (Huicungo); MUSM 26981, 26982 (Campanilla); 646 (Tocache); ventral photos are in the same order. Bar in bottom center represents 10 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="A2235072FFE2665EFF3E7A95257DFE4F" blockId="6.[151,1437,152,802]" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">
<collectingCountry id="DA8B10E2FFE2665EFF3E7A952766FF7F" box="[197,256,152,178]" name="India" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">Hind</collectingCountry>
limbs relatively small, femur 44% of SVL, tibia 48% of SVL. Relative lengths of appressed toes IV&gt; III&gt; V&gt; II&gt; I; first toe short, barely reaching bottom of subarticular tubercle on base of second toe, with unexpanded disc; toes II and III with barely expanded discs (much smaller than finger discs), and toe IV and V with discs expanded (disc 1.5 times broader than adjacent phalanx). Inner and a smaller outer metatarsal tubercle present, somewhat protuberant with rounded surfaces. One slightly protuberant subarticular tubercle present on toes I and II, two on toes III, IV, and V. Hands and feet lacking supernumerary tubercles, lateral fringes, and webbing. No basal webbing or toe fringes.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="EA8603F9FFE26651FF3D7B8722D7FD5A" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="58" pageId="6" pageNumber="55" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="A2235072FFE2665FFF3D7B872764FE0A" blockId="6.[151,1437,152,802]" lastBlockId="7.[151,1437,151,455]" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="56" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">
<emphasis id="90E88C60FFE2665EFF3D7B872416FE69" bold="true" box="[198,624,394,420]" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">Remarks on geographic variation.</emphasis>
Individuals from near Chazuta closely resemble the individuals from the 
<typeStatus id="7D27EED0FFE2665EFF3A7BA02692FE0A" box="[193,244,429,455]" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">type</typeStatus>
locality in both colors and pattern. The Pampa Hermosa population from the west bank of the Ucayali has larger groin spots that are bicolored (orange and yellow). There seems to be a north-south transition in the Huallaga valley from northern frogs having a black dorsum with well-defined dorsolateral stripes to southern populations having a copper-brown dorsum with reduced (and in some cases absent) dorsolateral stripes. The population from near Tocache best demonstrates this shift; this population is described as follows: dorsal skin more granular (compared to conspecific populations to the north), color metallic copper- or rust-brown, dorsolateral stripes absent, pale blue-white labial stripes extending from the corner of the mouth to axillae. Some individuals possess faint tan stripes outlining the snout, though these stripes do not extend posterior past the eyes. In some individuals a faint dorsolateral ridge can be noted separating the dorsum from the flanks. Venter and flank coloration is identical: sky-blue with black reticulation. Bright-orange spots present ventrally under axillae, dorsally over groin, and on medial surface of shanks (
<figureCitation id="3AA74CF7FFE2665EFC91790525D7FCEF" box="[874,945,776,802]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="6.[151,254,1832,1856]" captionTargetBox="[155,1431,837,1814]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[155,1433,827,1814]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 2. Interpopulation variation in Ameerega altamazonica. Individuals in the top row are from near Tarapoto (holotype), Chazuta, and Saposoa (left to right); individuals in the middle row are from Río Abiseo, Campanilla, and Tocache (left to right). In the Huallaga valley there is a cline from a black dorsum with well-defined dorsolateral stripes in the northern populations (e. g. Tarapoto) to a brown dorsum with dorsolateral stripes faint or absent in southern populations (e. g. Tocache). Bottom row showing ventral pattern in adults from Tarapoto, Río Abiseo, and Tocache (left to right)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/181831/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
, middle right and bottom right) 
<emphasis id="90E88C60FFE3665FFF3D7A9A2714FF7C" bold="true" box="[198,370,151,177]" pageId="7" pageNumber="56">Vocalizations.</emphasis>
The advertisement call for 
<taxonomicName id="659C2BF1FFE3665FFD4E7A952512FF7C" box="[693,884,152,177]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Ameerega" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="56" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="altamazonica">
<emphasis id="90E88C60FFE3665FFD4E7A952512FF7C" box="[693,884,152,177]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="56">A. altamazonica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="3AA74CF7FFE3665FFC7F7A9525ACFF7F" box="[900,970,152,178]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="7.[151,254,1836,1860]" captionTargetBox="[241,1333,521,1796]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[227,1353,506,1815]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 3. (A) Advertisement call of Ameerega altamazonica, recorded at type locality 9 June 2007 at 23 ° C. (B) Advertisement call of A. hahneli sensu stricto, recording of captive male from 56 km S Iquitos, Peru, at 24 ° C. (C) Advertisement call of A. hahneli sensu stricto, individual from Bolivia (recording made available by S. Lötters). (D) Aggressive call of A. altamazonica, recorded at type locality 9 June 2007 at 23 ° C." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/181832/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="56">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
) is a ‘retarded trill’ (following the definitions by Lötters 
<emphasis id="90E88C60FFE3665FFE8A7AB727CBFF1E" box="[369,429,186,211]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="56">et al.</emphasis>
2003). Notes are repeated at a rate of 1.3–2 notes per second, duration of individual notes ranges from 60–80 ms. Dominant frequency is modulated; notes start at 4100–4300 Hz and end at 4600–4680 Hz. This single-note advertisement call is given most frequently in the evening as males chorus. We also noted a second call 
<typeStatus id="7D27EED0FFE3665FFE247B2F2474FEF1" box="[479,530,290,316]" pageId="7" pageNumber="56">type</typeStatus>
in 
<taxonomicName id="659C2BF1FFE3665FFDCD7B2F2492FEF6" box="[566,756,290,315]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Ameerega" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="56" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="altamazonica">
<emphasis id="90E88C60FFE3665FFDCD7B2F2492FEF6" box="[566,756,290,315]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="56">A. altamazonica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
consisting of two notes in quick succession (within 10 ms of each other), repeated once every 3–5 seconds. Unlike in the advertisement call, these notes are not frequency-modulated, though the first note is typically lower in frequency than the second by 100–150 Hz. This two-note call appears to function as an aggressive or territorial call and is most frequently heard in the early morning.
</paragraph>
<caption id="F6E300FAFFE2665EFF6C7D2526BFF812" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/181831/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="55" targetBox="[155,1431,837,1814]" targetPageId="6">
<paragraph id="A2235072FFE2665EFF6C7D2526BFF812" blockId="6.[151,1437,1832,2015]" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">
<emphasis id="90E88C60FFE2665EFF6C7D252773F88D" bold="true" box="[151,277,1832,1856]" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">FIGURE 2</emphasis>
. Interpopulation variation in 
<emphasis id="90E88C60FFE2665EFDA77D25250FF8F2" box="[604,873,1832,1855]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">
<taxonomicName id="659C2BF1FFE2665EFDA77D252502F8F2" box="[604,868,1832,1855]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Ameerega" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="altamazonica">Ameerega altamazonica</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
Individuals in the top row are from near Tarapoto (holotype), Chazuta, and Saposoa (left to right); individuals in the middle row are from Río Abiseo, Campanilla, and Tocache (left to right). In the Huallaga valley there is a cline from a black dorsum with well-defined dorsolateral stripes in the northern populations (e.g. Tarapoto) to a brown dorsum with dorsolateral stripes faint or absent in southern populations (e.g. Tocache). Bottom row showing ventral pattern in adults from Tarapoto, Río Abiseo, and Tocache (left to right).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="F6E300FAFFE3665FFF6C7D21226FF866" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/181832/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="56" targetBox="[241,1333,521,1796]" targetPageId="7">
<paragraph id="A2235072FFE3665FFF6C7D21226FF866" blockId="7.[151,1436,1836,1963]" pageId="7" pageNumber="56">
<emphasis id="90E88C60FFE3665FFF6C7D21277DF889" bold="true" box="[151,283,1836,1860]" pageId="7" pageNumber="56">FIGURE 3.</emphasis>
(A) Advertisement call of 
<emphasis id="90E88C60FFE3665FFDB77D21253EF88E" box="[588,856,1836,1859]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="56">
<taxonomicName id="659C2BF1FFE3665FFDB77D212532F88E" box="[588,852,1836,1859]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Ameerega" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="56" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="altamazonica">Ameerega altamazonica</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
recorded at type locality 9 June 2007 at 23° C. (B) Advertisement call of 
<taxonomicName id="659C2BF1FFE3665FFE757D422799F8AB" box="[398,511,1871,1894]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Ameerega" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="56" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" sensu="stricto" species="hahneli">
<emphasis id="90E88C60FFE3665FFE757D422799F8AB" box="[398,511,1871,1894]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="56">A. hahneli</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="8BDB311BFFE3665FFDF27D4224F5F8AB" box="[521,659,1871,1894]" pageId="7" pageNumber="56" sensu="stricto">sensu stricto</taxonomicNameLabel>
, recording of captive male from 56 km S Iquitos, Peru, at 24° C. (C) Advertisement call of 
<taxonomicName id="659C2BF1FFE3665FFE767D7F279BF844" box="[397,509,1906,1929]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Ameerega" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="56" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" sensu="stricto" species="hahneli">
<emphasis id="90E88C60FFE3665FFE767D7F279BF844" box="[397,509,1906,1929]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="56">A. hahneli</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="8BDB311BFFE3665FFDFC7D7F24F7F844" box="[519,657,1906,1929]" pageId="7" pageNumber="56" sensu="stricto">sensu stricto</taxonomicNameLabel>
, individual from Bolivia (recording made available by S. Lötters). (D) Aggressive call of 
<emphasis id="90E88C60FFE3665FFEA47D992475F866" box="[351,531,1940,1963]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="56">
<taxonomicName id="659C2BF1FFE3665FFEA47D992469F866" box="[351,527,1940,1963]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Ameerega" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="56" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="altamazonica">A. altamazonica</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
recorded at type locality 9 June 2007 at 23° C.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="A2235072FFEC6650FF3D7A9527D0FE27" blockId="8.[151,1436,152,1044]" pageId="8" pageNumber="57">
<bibRefCitation id="C60D2D83FFEC6650FF3D7A952719FF7F" author="Schluter" box="[198,383,152,178]" pageId="8" pageNumber="65" refString="Schluter, A. (1980) Bio-akustische Untersuchungen an Dendrobatiden in einem begrenzten Gebiet des tropischen Regenwaldes von Peru (Amphibia: Salientia: Dendrobatidae). Salamandra, 16, 149 - 161." type="journal article" year="1980">Schlüter (1980)</bibRefCitation>
published spectrographs of 
<taxonomicName id="659C2BF1FFEC6650FD2F7A9525F3FF7C" box="[724,917,152,177]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Ameerega" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="57" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="altamazonica">
<emphasis id="90E88C60FFEC6650FD2F7A9525F3FF7C" box="[724,917,152,177]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="57">A. altamazonica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
advertisement calls (as 
<taxonomicName id="659C2BF1FFEC6650FB437A9523F4FF7C" box="[1208,1426,152,177]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Phyllobates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="57" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pictus">
<emphasis id="90E88C60FFEC6650FB437A9523F4FF7C" box="[1208,1426,152,177]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="57">Phyllobates pictus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) from the Panguana region of central 
<collectingCountry id="DA8B10E2FFEC6650FDB97AB7241DFF19" box="[578,635,186,212]" name="Peru" pageId="8" pageNumber="57">Peru</collectingCountry>
, which had notes repeated at a rate of twice per second and were frequency modulated. 
<bibRefCitation id="C60D2D83FFEC6650FE7B7AD02451FF3A" author="Morales" box="[384,567,221,247]" pageId="8" pageNumber="65" refString="Morales, V. R. (1992) Estudio de la vocalizacion de algunas ranas dardo-venenoso (Dendrobatidae: Dendrobates) en el Peru. Acta Zoologica Lilloana, 41, 107 - 119." type="journal article" year="1992">Morales (1992)</bibRefCitation>
published a spectrograph of a call from a frog he referred to as 
<taxonomicName id="659C2BF1FFEC6650FAC17AD026B3FED4" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Dendrobates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="57" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="90E88C60FFEC6650FAC17AD026B3FED4" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="57">Dendrobates</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. 2, which was from Tingo Maria, and has many similarities with the 
<taxonomicName id="659C2BF1FFEC6650FBD47B0D2289FED4" box="[1071,1263,256,281]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Ameerega" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="57" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="altamazonica">
<emphasis id="90E88C60FFEC6650FBD47B0D2289FED4" box="[1071,1263,256,281]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="57">A. altamazonica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
advertisement call (i.e. 2–3 notes per second, note duration 42 ms). Since he made no mention of ventral coloration of this species, we assume the venter was ‘unremarkable’ (i.e. blue), and since the call did not have notes of alternating frequency (as in 
<taxonomicName id="659C2BF1FFEC6650FE7C7B652455FE4C" box="[391,563,360,385]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Ameerega" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="57" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rubriventris">
<emphasis id="90E88C60FFEC6650FE7C7B652455FE4C" box="[391,563,360,385]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="57">A. rubriventris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), we suppose that Morales’ 
<taxonomicName id="659C2BF1FFEC6650FC847B652273FE4C" box="[895,1045,360,385]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Dendrobates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="57" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="90E88C60FFEC6650FC847B652273FE4C" box="[895,1045,360,385]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="57">Dendrobates</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. 2 can be referred to 
<emphasis id="90E88C60FFEC6650FAD47B65269CFE6E" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="57">
<taxonomicName id="659C2BF1FFEC6650FAD47B652690FE6E" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Ameerega" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="57" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="altamazonica">A. altamazonica</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="C60D2D83FFEC6650FEFA7B872788FE69" box="[257,494,394,420]" pageId="8" pageNumber="64" refString="Lotters, S., P. Debold, K. Henle, F. Glaw, &amp; M. Kneller (1997) Ein neuer Pfeilgiftfrosch aus der Epipedobates pictus - Gruppe vom Osthang der Cordillera Azul in Peru. Herpetofauna, 19, 25 - 34." type="journal article">
Lötters 
<emphasis id="90E88C60FFEC6650FEA77B8727FEFE6E" box="[348,408,394,419]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="57">et al.</emphasis>
(1997)
</bibRefCitation>
presented advertisement call data for 
<taxonomicName id="659C2BF1FFEC6650FC4A7B87224CFE6E" box="[945,1066,394,419]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Ameerega" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="57" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" sensu="lato" species="hahneli">
<emphasis id="90E88C60FFEC6650FC4A7B87224CFE6E" box="[945,1066,394,419]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="57">A. hahneli</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="8BDB311BFFEC6650FBC97B8722C1FE69" box="[1074,1191,394,420]" pageId="8" pageNumber="57" sensu="lato">sensu lato</taxonomicNameLabel>
from Tarapoto (= 
<taxonomicName id="659C2BF1FFEC6650FA787B872753FE0B" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Ameerega" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="57" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="altamazonica">
<emphasis id="90E88C60FFEC6650FA787B872753FE0B" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="57">A. altamazonica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), noting the similarity to those of 
<emphasis id="90E88C60FFEC6650FD3A7BA02512FE0B" box="[705,884,429,454]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="57">
<taxonomicName id="659C2BF1FFEC6650FD3A7BA02516FE0B" box="[705,880,429,454]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Ameerega" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="57" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rubriventris">A. rubriventris</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
although the latter species has a call with notes of alternating frequency.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A2235072FFEC6650FF3D7BFF25D5FD32" blockId="8.[151,1436,152,1044]" pageId="8" pageNumber="57">
The advertisement call of 
<taxonomicName id="659C2BF1FFEC6650FDF87BFF24A2FDC6" box="[515,708,498,523]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Ameerega" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="57" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="altamazonica">
<emphasis id="90E88C60FFEC6650FDF87BFF24A2FDC6" box="[515,708,498,523]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="57">A. altamazonica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is easily distinguished from that of 
<taxonomicName id="659C2BF1FFEC6650FB807BFF2290FDC6" box="[1147,1270,498,523]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Ameerega" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="57" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" sensu="stricto" species="hahneli">
<emphasis id="90E88C60FFEC6650FB807BFF2290FDC6" box="[1147,1270,498,523]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="57">A. hahneli</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="8BDB311BFFEC6650FAFB7BFF23F1FDC1" box="[1280,1431,498,524]" pageId="8" pageNumber="57" sensu="stricto">sensu stricto</taxonomicNameLabel>
, which consists of a train of notes repeated at a rate of 5–9 notes per second, each note with a duration of 11– 18 ms (
<bibRefCitation id="C60D2D83FFEC6650FF14783527FEFD9F" author="Schluter" box="[239,408,568,594]" pageId="8" pageNumber="65" refString="Schluter, A. (1980) Bio-akustische Untersuchungen an Dendrobatiden in einem begrenzten Gebiet des tropischen Regenwaldes von Peru (Amphibia: Salientia: Dendrobatidae). Salamandra, 16, 149 - 161." type="journal article" year="1980">Schlüter 1980</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="C60D2D83FFEC6650FE5E7835242DFD9F" author="Morales" box="[421,587,568,594]" pageId="8" pageNumber="65" refString="Morales, V. R. (1992) Estudio de la vocalizacion de algunas ranas dardo-venenoso (Dendrobatidae: Dendrobates) en el Peru. Acta Zoologica Lilloana, 41, 107 - 119." type="journal article" year="1992">Morales 1992</bibRefCitation>
, Haddad and Martins 1994, 
<collectingCountry id="DA8B10E2FFEC6650FC67783525D8FD9F" box="[924,958,568,594]" name="South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands" pageId="8" pageNumber="57">De</collectingCountry>
La 
<bibRefCitation id="C60D2D83FFEC6650FC15783522C9FD9F" author="Riva" box="[1006,1199,568,594]" pageId="8" pageNumber="64" refString="De la Riva, I., R. Marquez, &amp; J. Bosch (1996) The advertisement calls of three South American poison frogs (Amphibia: Anura: Dendrobatidae), with comments on their taxonomy and distribution. Journal of Natural History, 30, 1413 - 1420." type="journal article" year="1996">
Riva 
<emphasis id="90E88C60FFEC6650FBD57835220CFD9C" box="[1070,1130,568,593]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="57">et al.</emphasis>
1996
</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="C60D2D83FFEC6650FB46783526B0FDB9" author="Kohler" pageId="8" pageNumber="64" refString="Kohler, J., &amp; S. Lotters (1999) Annotated list of amphibian records from the Departamento Pando, Bolivia, with description of some advertisement calls. Bonner zoologische Beitrage, 48, 259 - 273." type="journal article" year="1999">Köhler and Lötters 1999</bibRefCitation>
). Dominant frequency ranges from 2700–7000 Hz and is not frequency-modulated. 
<emphasis id="90E88C60FFEC6650FB2A785726B7FD5B" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="57">
<taxonomicName id="659C2BF1FFEC6650FB2A785726AAFD5B" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Ameerega" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="57" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="yungicola">Ameerega yungicola</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
has an advertisement call resembling that of 
<taxonomicName id="659C2BF1FFEC6650FD097870250AFD5B" box="[754,876,637,662]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Ameerega" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="57" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hahneli">
<emphasis id="90E88C60FFEC6650FD097870250AFD5B" box="[754,876,637,662]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="57">A. hahneli</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
but differs in that it has a lower dominant frequency (3590–3719 Hz), slower repetition rate (4.5-5 notes/second), and longer note duration (31-34 ms) (
<bibRefCitation id="C60D2D83FFEC6650FF6478CF271AFD11" author="Lotters" box="[159,380,706,732]" pageId="8" pageNumber="64" refString="Lotters S., A. Schmitz, &amp; S. Reichle (2005) A new cryptic species of poison frog from the Bolivian Yungas. Herpetozoa, 18, 115 - 124." type="journal article" year="2005">Lötters et al. 2005</bibRefCitation>
). The call of 
<taxonomicName id="659C2BF1FFEC6650FDED78CF24B2FD16" box="[534,724,706,731]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Ameerega" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="57" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="altamazonica">
<emphasis id="90E88C60FFEC6650FDED78CF24B2FD16" box="[534,724,706,731]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="57">A. altamazonica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is similar to the call of 
<taxonomicName id="659C2BF1FFEC6650FC1778CF22FFFD16" box="[1004,1177,706,731]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Ameerega" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="57" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rubriventris">
<emphasis id="90E88C60FFEC6650FC1778CF22FFFD16" box="[1004,1177,706,731]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="57">A. rubriventris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, except the latter species has notes of alternating frequency whereas the former does not.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A2235072FFEC6650FF3D790A2702FBD9" blockId="8.[151,1436,152,1044]" pageId="8" pageNumber="57">
<emphasis id="90E88C60FFEC6650FF3D790A243AFCEC" bold="true" box="[198,604,775,801]" pageId="8" pageNumber="57">Tadpole (measurements in mm).</emphasis>
A stage 30 tadpole (ECU-F 102) was chosen for the description (
<figureCitation id="3AA74CF7FFEC6650FA96790526CFFC89" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="8.[151,255,1493,1517]" captionTargetBox="[179,1419,1114,1456]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[155,1431,1095,1461]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 4. Lateral view (right) and oral disc (left) of tadpole of Ameerega altamazonica from Chazuta, San Martín, Peru. Bar under tadpole represents 10 mm and under oral disc 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/181833/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="57">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
). It was free-living but species identity was confirmed by sequencing the 16S and cytochrome b gene regions. Total length 19.6, body length 7.2, maximum width 3.3, depth 2.8. Snout rounded when viewed from above; body ovoid and elongate in dorsal view. Eyes black, dorsal but angled laterally, pupils white in preservative. Nares not forming tube, situated half-way between eye and tip of snout, directed dorsally. Spiracle sinistral; vent dextral. Ventral tail fin begins at tail base, dorsal tail fin begins just posterior to plane of vent opening, deepest depth 1.4 measured 1/3 towards distal end. Caudal musculature deepest at tail base, musculature depth 0.77.
</paragraph>
<caption id="F6E300FAFFEC6650FF6C7FD82510F9C2" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/181833/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="57" targetBox="[179,1419,1114,1456]" targetPageId="8">
<paragraph id="A2235072FFEC6650FF6C7FD82510F9C2" blockId="8.[151,1436,1493,1551]" pageId="8" pageNumber="57">
<emphasis id="90E88C60FFEC6650FF6C7FD8277DFA20" bold="true" box="[151,283,1493,1517]" pageId="8" pageNumber="57">FIGURE 4.</emphasis>
Lateral view (right) and oral disc (left) of tadpole of 
<taxonomicName id="659C2BF1FFEC6650FC977FDB2216FA20" box="[876,1136,1494,1517]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Ameerega" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="57" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="altamazonica">
<emphasis id="90E88C60FFEC6650FC977FDB2216FA20" box="[876,1136,1494,1517]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="57">Ameerega altamazonica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from Chazuta, San Martín, Peru. Bar under tadpole represents 10 mm and under oral disc 1 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="A2235072FFEC6651FF3D7C4E255EFF3A" blockId="8.[151,1437,1603,2010]" lastBlockId="9.[151,1437,152,2015]" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="58" pageId="8" pageNumber="57">
The mouth is directed anteroventrally. Oral disc emarginate, anterior and posterior labia forming flaps free from body wall. Marginal papillae absent on anterior labium, present in one complete row on posterior labium. Papillae white, rounded; submarginal papillae absent. Jaw sheaths medium in longitudinal width, finely serrate. Anterior jaw sheath has a medial indentation with reduced serration, posterior jaw sheath Vshaped and has serration throughout. Lateral processes long, extending well past lower jaw. Labial tooth row formula is 2(2)/3. A-1 complete, A-2 with medial gap, same width as A-1. P-1, P-2, and P-3 complete; P-1 and P-2 equal width, P-3 shorter. In preservative, the head appears dark gray due to subdermal pigmentation. Dermal pigmentation on dorsum is uniform translucent white with small black melanophores. Ventral coloration is translucent gray; under a dissecting microscope the ventral skin appears white with large black melanophores concentrated around anterior half of body and over intestinal coils. Tail musculature white, fins white, melanophores are present in small, irregular clusters along length of tail. Life color was dark gray or black with two distinct white spots lateral to the mouth. While these spots are also present in other species (such as the sympatric 
<taxonomicName id="659C2BF1FFED6651FEB97A9527A4FF7C" box="[322,450,152,177]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Ameerega" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="58" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bassleri">
<emphasis id="90E88C60FFED6651FEB97A9527A4FF7C" box="[322,450,152,177]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="58">A. bassleri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), in 
<taxonomicName id="659C2BF1FFED6651FE077A9524DBFF7C" box="[508,701,152,177]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Ameerega" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="58" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="altamazonica">
<emphasis id="90E88C60FFED6651FE077A9524DBFF7C" box="[508,701,152,177]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="58">A. altamazonica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
the spots extend back almost to the eye; in other species the spots extend back only to the level of the nares. Two additional stage 30 
<taxonomicName id="659C2BF1FFED6651FBF37AB722AFFF1E" box="[1032,1225,186,211]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Ameerega" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="58" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="altamazonica">
<emphasis id="90E88C60FFED6651FBF37AB722AFFF1E" box="[1032,1225,186,211]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="58">A. altamazonica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
tadpoles (ECU-F 103, 104) were examined and agree with this description.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A2235072FFED6651FF3D7B0D22D7FD5A" blockId="9.[151,1437,152,2015]" pageId="9" pageNumber="58">
Our examinations of 
<taxonomicName id="659C2BF1FFED6651FE3A7B0D245CFED4" box="[449,570,256,281]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Ameerega" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="58" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hahneli">
<emphasis id="90E88C60FFED6651FE3A7B0D245CFED4" box="[449,570,256,281]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="58">A. hahneli</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
tadpoles note the following differences from 
<emphasis id="90E88C60FFED6651FBA27B0D2347FED4" box="[1113,1313,256,281]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="58">
<taxonomicName id="659C2BF1FFED6651FBA27B0D237DFED4" box="[1113,1307,256,281]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Ameerega" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="58" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="altamazonica">A. altamazonica</taxonomicName>
:
</emphasis>
(1) dorsal and ventral skin (in preservative) uniform black with white marbling on rump and snout (versus translucent skin with black melanophores in 
<taxonomicName id="659C2BF1FFED6651FDD97B482484FE93" box="[546,738,325,350]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Ameerega" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="58" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="altamazonica">
<emphasis id="90E88C60FFED6651FDD97B482484FE93" box="[546,738,325,350]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="58">A. altamazonica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), (2) lateral edges of anterior labium not forming free-flap (versus flap distinctly free from body wall in 
<taxonomicName id="659C2BF1FFED6651FD527B65250EFE4C" box="[681,872,360,385]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Ameerega" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="58" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="altamazonica">
<emphasis id="90E88C60FFED6651FD527B65250EFE4C" box="[681,872,360,385]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="58">A. altamazonica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), (3) marginal papillae on posterior labium conspicuously large and somewhat pointed (versus reduced and rounded posterior marginal papillae in 
<taxonomicName id="659C2BF1FFED6651FADA7B872685FE0B" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Ameerega" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="58" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="altamazonica">
<emphasis id="90E88C60FFED6651FADA7B872685FE0B" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="58">A. altamazonica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), (4) keratin on all three posterior labial tooth rows reduced or absent (versus present in 
<taxonomicName id="659C2BF1FFED6651FA787BA02753FE24" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Ameerega" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="58" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="altamazonica">
<emphasis id="90E88C60FFED6651FA787BA02753FE24" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="58">A. altamazonica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), and (5) tail heavily mottled (versus white with irregular melanophore clusters in 
<taxonomicName id="659C2BF1FFED6651FB037BDD26DDFDC6" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Ameerega" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="58" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="altamazonica">
<emphasis id="90E88C60FFED6651FB037BDD26DDFDC6" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="58">A. altamazonica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). Our examination of two 
<taxonomicName id="659C2BF1FFED6651FE0A7BFF240FFDC6" box="[497,617,498,523]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Ameerega" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="58" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hahneli">
<emphasis id="90E88C60FFED6651FE0A7BFF240FFDC6" box="[497,617,498,523]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="58">A. hahneli</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
tadpoles from Iquitos (ECU-F 105, 106) agrees well with the description by Haddad and Martins (1994) of an individual from Presidente Figueiredo, 
<collectingCountry id="DA8B10E2FFED6651FB94781822DDFDE2" box="[1135,1211,533,559]" name="Brazil" pageId="9" pageNumber="58">Brazil</collectingCountry>
. The tadpole of 
<taxonomicName id="659C2BF1FFED6651FA7878182753FD9C" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Ameerega" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="58" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="altamazonica">
<emphasis id="90E88C60FFED6651FA7878182753FD9C" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="58">A. altamazonica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
appears to be similar to that of 
<taxonomicName id="659C2BF1FFED6651FD577835253FFD9C" box="[684,857,568,593]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Ameerega" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="58" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rubriventris">
<emphasis id="90E88C60FFED6651FD577835253FFD9C" box="[684,857,568,593]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="58">A. rubriventris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
based on the sketches and description by 
<bibRefCitation id="C60D2D83FFED6651FAB27835274CFDB9" pageId="9" pageNumber="64" refString="Lotters, S., P. Debold, K. Henle, F. Glaw, &amp; M. Kneller (1997) Ein neuer Pfeilgiftfrosch aus der Epipedobates pictus - Gruppe vom Osthang der Cordillera Azul in Peru. Herpetofauna, 19, 25 - 34." type="journal article">
Lötters 
<emphasis id="90E88C60FFED6651FF6C785726B4FDBE" box="[151,210,602,627]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="58">et al.</emphasis>
(1997)
</bibRefCitation>
. Mouthpart formulas are identical in the two species, but the tadpole shape is slightly different in that 
<taxonomicName id="659C2BF1FFED6651FF3178702711FD5B" box="[202,375,637,662]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Ameerega" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="58" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rubriventris">
<emphasis id="90E88C60FFED6651FF3178702711FD5B" box="[202,375,637,662]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="58">A. rubriventris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
larvae are more elongate and have a slightly upturned tail near the tip.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="EA8603F9FFED6651FF3D789224ACFC61" pageId="9" pageNumber="58" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="A2235072FFED6651FF3D789224ACFC61" blockId="9.[151,1437,152,2015]" pageId="9" pageNumber="58">
<emphasis id="90E88C60FFED6651FF3D7892243BFD74" bold="true" box="[198,605,671,697]" pageId="9" pageNumber="58">Distribution and natural history.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="659C2BF1FFED6651FD9878AD2518FD74" box="[611,894,672,697]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Ameerega" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="58" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="altamazonica">
<emphasis id="90E88C60FFED6651FD9878AD2518FD74" box="[611,894,672,697]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="58">Ameerega altamazonica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is distributed throughout the east-Andean versant and surrounding lowlands of central 
<collectingCountry id="DA8B10E2FFED6651FD7A78CF24D1FD11" box="[641,695,706,732]" name="Peru" pageId="9" pageNumber="58">Peru</collectingCountry>
at elevations of 
<quantity id="6564FD97FFED6651FC8778CF2263FD11" box="[892,1029,706,732]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.075" metricValueMax="8.65" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="9" pageNumber="58" unit="m" value="507.5" valueMax="865.0" valueMin="150.0">
150– 
<specimenCount id="B49A9BFBFFED6651FC4C78CF2263FD11" box="[951,1029,706,732]" pageId="9" pageNumber="58" type="generic">865 m</specimenCount>
</quantity>
. This species is distributed widely throughout Departamento San Martín, and known from scattered localities in the east-Andean versant of Departamentos Huánuco and Loreto (
<figureCitation id="3AA74CF7FFED6651FDA3790524C4FCEF" box="[600,674,776,802]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="10.[151,254,1278,1302]" captionTargetBox="[166,1423,329,1248]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[157,1431,321,1255]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 5. Niche prediction models of Ameerega altamazonica and A. hahneli generated with Maxent. Warmer colors shows more suitable habitat than colder ones. White triangles represent presence points used in generating niche models. (A) Predicted niche of A. hahneli, (B) Predicted niche of A. altamazonica with magnified inset of central Peru (C). Test AUC values for A. altamazonica and A. hahneli were 0.999 and 0.891, respectively, suggesting high accuracy of models." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/181834/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="58">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
). Jackknife tests of BIOCLIM variable contributions in Maxent indicate precipitation seasonality (coefficient of variation of precipitation) contained the most information (i.e. resulted in the highest gain increase when used alone) used to generate the niche model of 
<emphasis id="90E88C60FFED6651FB0C794026A4FC44" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="58">
<taxonomicName id="659C2BF1FFED6651FB0C794026D8FC44" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Ameerega" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="58" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="altamazonica">A. altamazonica</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
In 
<emphasis id="90E88C60FFED6651FF13797D2700FC44" box="[232,358,880,905]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="58">
<taxonomicName id="659C2BF1FFED6651FF13797D2704FC44" box="[232,354,880,905]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Ameerega" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="58" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hahneli">A. hahneli</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
jackknife tests of BIOCLIM variables show that temperature seasonality contained the most information used in generating the niche model.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="EA8603F9FFED6651FF3D79B823FAF921" pageId="9" pageNumber="58" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="A2235072FFED6651FF3D79B827E2FAA2" blockId="9.[151,1437,152,2015]" pageId="9" pageNumber="58">
<taxonomicName id="659C2BF1FFED6651FF3D79B82784FC03" ID-CoL="CQ6D" box="[198,482,949,974]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Ameerega" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="58" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="altamazonica">
<emphasis id="90E88C60FFED6651FF3D79B82784FC03" box="[198,482,949,974]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="58">Ameerega altamazonica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is currently not known from the east-Andean versant of Pasco and Junín, though this is probably attributable to sampling deficit and not their distributional limit, as dendrobatid sampling has been poor in central Junín and Pasco. Toothless specimens referred to as 
<taxonomicName id="659C2BF1FFED6651FBF779F72281FBDE" ID-CoL="77F85" box="[1036,1255,1018,1043]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Phyllobates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="58" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pictus">
<emphasis id="90E88C60FFED6651FBF779F72281FBDE" box="[1036,1255,1018,1043]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="58">Phyllobates pictus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by 
<bibRefCitation id="C60D2D83FFED6651FAE379F72682FBFA" author="Silverstone" pageId="9" pageNumber="65" refString="Silverstone, P. A. (1976) A revision of the poison-arrow frogs of the genus Phyllobates Bibron in Sagra (Family Dendrobatidae). Bulletin of the Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County, 27, 1 - 53." type="journal article" year="1976">Silverstone (1976)</bibRefCitation>
from Chanchamayo (Departamento Junín) and Luisiana (Departamento Cusco), 
<collectingCountry id="DA8B10E2FFED6651FB5A7E1022BFFBFA" box="[1185,1241,1053,1079]" name="Peru" pageId="9" pageNumber="58">Peru</collectingCountry>
, likely represent 
<taxonomicName id="659C2BF1FFED6651FF6C7E4D273EFB94" ID-CoL="CQ6D" box="[151,344,1088,1113]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Ameerega" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="58" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="altamazonica">
<emphasis id="90E88C60FFED6651FF6C7E4D273EFB94" box="[151,344,1088,1113]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="58">A. altamazonica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, being from the highlands of the east-Andean versant. A single individual included in our phylogeny from Ivochote, Cusco (labeled 
<emphasis id="90E88C60FFED6651FD697E6E24CAFBB1" box="[658,684,1123,1148]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="58">A.</emphasis>
sp. aff. 
<emphasis id="90E88C60FFED6651FCE97E6E251BFBB1" box="[786,893,1123,1148]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="58">‘hahneli’</emphasis>
), likely represents a new species, being both genetically and geographically distant from the clade containing 
<taxonomicName id="659C2BF1FFED6651FC2B7E8822E3FB53" ID-CoL="CQ7C" box="[976,1157,1157,1182]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Ameerega" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="58" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rubriventris">
<emphasis id="90E88C60FFED6651FC2B7E8822E3FB53" box="[976,1157,1157,1182]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="58">A. rubriventris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<emphasis id="90E88C60FFED6651FB357E8827D4FB0C" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="58">
<taxonomicName id="659C2BF1FFED6651FB357E8823FEFB53" ID-CoL="CQ6D" box="[1230,1432,1157,1182]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Ameerega" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="58" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="altamazonica">A. altamazonica</taxonomicName>
. 
<taxonomicName id="659C2BF1FFED6651FF6C7EA527D4FB0C" ID-CoL="CQ6D" box="[151,434,1192,1217]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Ameerega" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="58" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="altamazonica">Ameerega altamazonica</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
appears to be a species associated with mountains, and although it does occur in lowland habitats, these localities are relatively close to the east-Andean versant (&lt;
<quantity id="6564FD97FFED6651FBD67EC7221AFB29" box="[1069,1148,1226,1252]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" pageId="9" pageNumber="58" unit="km" value="35.0">35 km</quantity>
). This is in contrast to 
<taxonomicName id="659C2BF1FFED6651FA787EC62689FACB" ID-CoL="66B42" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Ameerega" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="58" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" sensu="stricto" species="hahneli">
<emphasis id="90E88C60FFED6651FA787EC62689FACB" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="58">A. hahneli</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="8BDB311BFFED6651FF0D7EE027EDFACA" box="[246,395,1261,1287]" pageId="9" pageNumber="58" sensu="stricto">sensu stricto</taxonomicNameLabel>
, which occupies a more Amazonian distribution, occurring throughout Amazonian 
<collectingCountry id="DA8B10E2FFED6651FAA47EE023FEFACA" box="[1375,1432,1261,1287]" name="Peru" pageId="9" pageNumber="58">Peru</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="DA8B10E2FFED6651FF6C7F1D2696FAE7" box="[151,240,1296,1322]" name="Bolivia" pageId="9" pageNumber="58">Bolivia</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="DA8B10E2FFED6651FF077F1D2715FAE7" box="[252,371,1296,1322]" name="Colombia" pageId="9" pageNumber="58">Colombia</collectingCountry>
, and east into 
<collectingCountry id="DA8B10E2FFED6651FDE17F1D2404FAE7" box="[538,610,1296,1322]" name="Brazil" pageId="9" pageNumber="58">Brazil</collectingCountry>
and 
<collectingCountry id="DA8B10E2FFED6651FD607F1D252FFAE7" box="[667,841,1296,1322]" name="French Guiana" pageId="9" pageNumber="58">French Guiana</collectingCountry>
(Haddad and Martins 1994, 
<bibRefCitation id="C60D2D83FFED6651FB607F1D2358FAE7" author="Lescure" box="[1179,1342,1296,1322]" pageId="9" pageNumber="64" refString="Lescure, J., &amp; C. Marty (2000) Atlas des Amphibiens de Guyane. Publications Scientifiques du Museum National d'Histoire naturelle Paris." type="book" year="2000">Lescure 2000</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="C60D2D83FFED6651FAB27F1D2770FA81" author="Lotters" pageId="9" pageNumber="64" refString="Lotters S., A. Schmitz, &amp; S. Reichle (2005) A new cryptic species of poison frog from the Bolivian Yungas. Herpetozoa, 18, 115 - 124." type="journal article" year="2005">
Lötters 
<emphasis id="90E88C60FFED6651FF6C7F3E26B7FA81" box="[151,209,1331,1356]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="58">et al.</emphasis>
2005
</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="C60D2D83FFED6651FED97F3F2739FA81" author="Lotters" box="[290,351,1330,1356]" pageId="9" pageNumber="64" refString="Lotters, S., Jungfer, K. H, Henkel, W. F., &amp; W. Schmidt (2007) Poison frogs: Biology, species &amp; captive husbandry. Chimaira, Frankfurt, Germany." type="book" year="2007">2007</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="C60D2D83FFED6651FE907F3F2451FA81" author="Grant" box="[363,567,1330,1356]" pageId="9" pageNumber="64" refString="Grant, T., D. R. Frost, J. P. Caldwell, R. Gagliardo, C. F. B. Haddad, P. J. R. Kok, B. D. Means, B. P. Noonan, W. Schargel, &amp; W. C. Wheeler. 2006. Phylogenetic systematics of dart-poison frogs and their relatives (Anura: Athesphatanura: Dendrobatidae). Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 299, 1 - 262." type="journal article" year="2006">
Grant 
<emphasis id="90E88C60FFED6651FE4E7F3E2796FA81" box="[437,496,1331,1356]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="58">et al.</emphasis>
2006
</bibRefCitation>
). We are unaware of any populations of 
<taxonomicName id="659C2BF1FFED6651FBF47F3E22E1FA81" ID-CoL="66B42" box="[1039,1159,1331,1356]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Ameerega" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="58" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" sensu="stricto" species="hahneli">
<emphasis id="90E88C60FFED6651FBF47F3E22E1FA81" box="[1039,1159,1331,1356]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="58">A. hahneli</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="8BDB311BFFED6651FB757F3F2346FA81" box="[1166,1312,1330,1356]" pageId="9" pageNumber="58" sensu="stricto">sensu stricto</taxonomicNameLabel>
that occur in montane habitats.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A2235072FFED6651FF3D7F7523FAF921" blockId="9.[151,1437,152,2015]" pageId="9" pageNumber="58">
<taxonomicName id="659C2BF1FFED6651FF3D7F752780FA5C" ID-CoL="CQ6D" box="[198,486,1400,1425]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Ameerega" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="58" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="altamazonica">
<emphasis id="90E88C60FFED6651FF3D7F752780FA5C" box="[198,486,1400,1425]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="58">Ameerega altamazonica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is most common in disturbed habitats, especially near small creeks or along roads. This species is less common in secondary forest and rare in primary forest. The activity patterns appear to be distinctly crepuscular, being most easily found in the early morning (6–8 h) or evening (16–18 h), when males are calling vigorously. Males typically call from the leaf litter, but some individuals were also found calling from clearly exposed positions in leaves approximately 
<quantity id="6564FD97FFED6651FC747C0F25B2F9D1" box="[911,980,1538,1564]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="9" pageNumber="58" unit="m" value="0.5">0.5 m</quantity>
above ground level. Clutches of eggs have not been found in the field, but in captivity this species deposits eggs in leaf litter or on plant leaves near the ground. Clutches typically contain 14– 
<specimenCount id="B49A9BFBFFED6651FD777C4524CCF9AF" box="[652,682,1608,1634]" pageId="9" pageNumber="58" type="egg">22</specimenCount>
eggs but can contain up to 26 (Mark Pepper pers. comm.). One uncollected male was observed transporting twelve tadpoles on 
<date id="D62276B2FFED6651FC6E7C67222AF949" box="[917,1100,1642,1668]" pageId="9" pageNumber="58" value="2006-03-11">
11 March 
<quantity id="6564FD97FFED6651FBEA7C67222AF949" box="[1041,1100,1642,1668]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0952399999999995" pageId="9" pageNumber="58" unit="in" value="2006.0">2006</quantity>
</date>
in the 
<typeStatus id="7D27EED0FFED6651FB587C6722B3F949" box="[1187,1237,1642,1668]" pageId="9" pageNumber="58">type</typeStatus>
locality. Nearby water sources were limited to a small creek which for most of the year is not flowing and consists of a series of small lentic pools. We have found free-living 
<taxonomicName id="659C2BF1FFED6651FD027CBD25DBF904" ID-CoL="CQ6D" box="[761,957,1712,1737]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Ameerega" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="58" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="altamazonica">
<emphasis id="90E88C60FFED6651FD027CBD25DBF904" box="[761,957,1712,1737]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="58">A. altamazonica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
tadpoles in roadside ditches along the Tarapoto-Chazuta road, co-occurring with tadpoles of 
<emphasis id="90E88C60FFED6651FCEB7CDE2247F921" box="[784,1057,1747,1772]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="58">
<taxonomicName id="659C2BF1FFED6651FCEB7CDE25F6F921" ID-CoL="CQ6H" box="[784,912,1747,1772]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Ameerega" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="58" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bassleri">A. bassleri</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="659C2BF1FFED6651FC607CDE2247F921" ID-CoL="CQ7J" box="[923,1057,1747,1772]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Ameerega" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="58" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="trivittata">A. trivittata</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
, and 
<emphasis id="90E88C60FFED6651FB9A7CDE23FAF921" box="[1121,1436,1747,1772]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="58">
<taxonomicName id="659C2BF1FFED6651FB9A7CDE23FFF921" box="[1121,1433,1747,1772]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Phyllomedusa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="58" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tomopterna">Phyllomedusa tomopterna</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="EA8603F9FFED6652FF3D7CF824A5F9A6" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="59" pageId="9" pageNumber="58" type="description">
<paragraph id="A2235072FFED6652FF3D7CF826AAFED7" blockId="9.[151,1437,152,2015]" lastBlockId="10.[151,1436,152,282]" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="59" pageId="9" pageNumber="58">
<taxonomicName id="659C2BF1FFED6651FF3D7CF82783F8C3" box="[198,485,1781,1806]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Ameerega" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="58" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="altamazonica">
<emphasis id="90E88C60FFED6651FF3D7CF82783F8C3" box="[198,485,1781,1806]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="58">Ameerega altamazonica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
may serve as a (Batesian?) mimetic model for two species of 
<taxonomicName id="659C2BF1FFED6651FB157CF8233BF8C3" box="[1262,1373,1781,1806]" class="Amphibia" family="Aromobatidae" genus="Allobates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="58" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="90E88C60FFED6651FB157CF8233BF8C3" box="[1262,1373,1781,1806]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="58">Allobates</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with which it occurs sympatrically. Though we have no toxin information data on 
<emphasis id="90E88C60FFED6651FBE77D152284F8FC" box="[1052,1250,1816,1841]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="58">
<taxonomicName id="659C2BF1FFED6651FBE77D1522B8F8FC" box="[1052,1246,1816,1841]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Ameerega" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="58" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="altamazonica">A. altamazonica</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
we suspect that it is ‘mildly toxic’ like other species of semi-aposematic 
<taxonomicName id="659C2BF1FFED6651FCC97D3625CEF899" box="[818,936,1851,1876]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Ameerega" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="58" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="90E88C60FFED6651FCC97D3625CEF899" box="[818,936,1851,1876]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="58">Ameerega</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(see 
<bibRefCitation id="C60D2D83FFED6651FC1D7D37234CF899" author="Summers" box="[998,1322,1850,1876]" pageId="9" pageNumber="65" refString="Summers, K. &amp; M. E. Clough (2001) The evolution of coloration and toxicity in the poison frog family (Dendrobatidae). Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 98, 6227 - 6232." type="journal article" year="2001">Summers and Clough 2001</bibRefCitation>
). In some areas of northern San Martín, 
<taxonomicName id="659C2BF1FFED6651FE037D5024D1F8BB" box="[504,695,1885,1910]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Ameerega" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="58" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="altamazonica">
<emphasis id="90E88C60FFED6651FE037D5024D1F8BB" box="[504,695,1885,1910]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="58">A. altamazonica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is sympatric with 
<taxonomicName id="659C2BF1FFED6651FC6A7D502211F8BB" box="[913,1143,1885,1910]" class="Amphibia" family="Aromobatidae" genus="Allobates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="58" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" sensu="lato" species="femoralis">
<emphasis id="90E88C60FFED6651FC6A7D502211F8BB" box="[913,1143,1885,1910]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="58">Allobates femoralis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="8BDB311BFFED6651FB857D502295F8BA" box="[1150,1267,1885,1911]" pageId="9" pageNumber="58" sensu="lato">sensu lato</taxonomicNameLabel>
, a complex of weakly- or non-toxic species which (here) share a similar pattern of a black dorsum and white dorsolateral stripes. In the central Huallaga valley, 
<taxonomicName id="659C2BF1FFED6651FD9A7DAE2547F871" box="[609,801,1955,1980]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Ameerega" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="58" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="altamazonica">
<emphasis id="90E88C60FFED6651FD9A7DAE2547F871" box="[609,801,1955,1980]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="58">A. altamazonica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is sympatric with an undescribed species in the 
<taxonomicName id="659C2BF1FFED6651FA9A7DAE272DF813" class="Amphibia" family="Aromobatidae" genus="Allobates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="58" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="femoralis">
<emphasis id="90E88C60FFED6651FA9A7DAE272DF813" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="58">Allobates femoralis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
complex (identifiable by a distinct advertisement call), which has a copper-brown dorsum and closely resembles the local 
<emphasis id="90E88C60FFEE6652FE1F7A9525B2FF7C" box="[484,980,152,177]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="59">
<taxonomicName id="659C2BF1FFEE6652FE1F7A9524CFFF7C" box="[484,681,152,177]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Ameerega" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="59" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="altamazonica">A. altamazonica</taxonomicName>
. 
<taxonomicName id="659C2BF1FFEE6652FD4D7A9525B2FF7C" box="[694,980,152,177]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Ameerega" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="59" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="altamazonica">Ameerega altamazonica</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
may at the same time be a Müllerian mimic with the sympatric 
<taxonomicName id="659C2BF1FFEE6652FE367AB72420FF1E" box="[461,582,186,211]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Ameerega" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="59" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" sensu="stricto" species="hahneli">
<emphasis id="90E88C60FFEE6652FE367AB72420FF1E" box="[461,582,186,211]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="59">A. hahneli</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="8BDB311BFFEE6652FDB57AB72482FF19" box="[590,740,186,212]" pageId="10" pageNumber="59" sensu="stricto">sensu stricto</taxonomicNameLabel>
. Also, the possibility exists that a black dorsum with white dorsolateral stripes is an ancestral state in 
<taxonomicName id="659C2BF1FFEE6652FD797AD0249EFF3B" box="[642,760,221,246]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Ameerega" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="59" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="90E88C60FFEE6652FD797AD0249EFF3B" box="[642,760,221,246]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="59">Ameerega</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and does not have any mimetic function in these two species.
</paragraph>
<caption id="F6E300FAFFEE6652FF6C7EF323F1FAB8" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/181834/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="59" targetBox="[166,1423,329,1248]" targetPageId="10">
<paragraph id="A2235072FFEE6652FF6C7EF323F1FAB8" blockId="10.[151,1436,1278,1398]" pageId="10" pageNumber="59">
<emphasis id="90E88C60FFEE6652FF6C7EF3277CFADB" bold="true" box="[151,282,1278,1302]" pageId="10" pageNumber="59">FIGURE 5.</emphasis>
Niche prediction models of 
<taxonomicName id="659C2BF1FFEE6652FDB77EF32529FAD8" box="[588,847,1278,1301]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Ameerega" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="59" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="altamazonica">
<emphasis id="90E88C60FFEE6652FDB77EF32529FAD8" box="[588,847,1278,1301]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="59">Ameerega altamazonica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="659C2BF1FFEE6652FC7F7EF32594FAD8" box="[900,1010,1278,1301]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Ameerega" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="59" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hahneli">
<emphasis id="90E88C60FFEE6652FC7F7EF32594FAD8" box="[900,1010,1278,1301]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="59">A. hahneli</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
generated with Maxent. Warmer colors shows more suitable habitat than colder ones. White triangles represent presence points used in generating niche models. (A) Predicted niche of 
<emphasis id="90E88C60FFEE6652FE757F332465FA98" box="[398,515,1342,1365]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="59">
<taxonomicName id="659C2BF1FFEE6652FE757F332798FA98" box="[398,510,1342,1365]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Ameerega" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="59" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hahneli">A. hahneli</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
(B) Predicted niche of 
<taxonomicName id="659C2BF1FFEE6652FD047F3325CAFA98" box="[767,940,1342,1365]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Ameerega" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="59" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="altamazonica">
<emphasis id="90E88C60FFEE6652FD047F3325CAFA98" box="[767,940,1342,1365]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="59">A. altamazonica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with magnified inset of central Peru (C). Test AUC values for 
<taxonomicName id="659C2BF1FFEE6652FEBF7F532797FAB8" box="[324,497,1374,1397]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Ameerega" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="59" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="altamazonica">
<emphasis id="90E88C60FFEE6652FEBF7F532797FAB8" box="[324,497,1374,1397]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="59">A. altamazonica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="659C2BF1FFEE6652FDDF7F5324F7FAB8" box="[548,657,1374,1397]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Ameerega" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="59" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hahneli">
<emphasis id="90E88C60FFEE6652FDDF7F5324F7FAB8" box="[548,657,1374,1397]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="59">A. hahneli</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
were 0.999 and 0.891, respectively, suggesting high accuracy of models.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="A2235072FFEE6652FF3D7FAD24A5F9A6" blockId="10.[151,1437,1440,1643]" pageId="10" pageNumber="59">
<emphasis id="90E88C60FFEE6652FF3D7FAD27A3FA77" bold="true" box="[198,453,1440,1466]" pageId="10" pageNumber="59">Conservation status.</emphasis>
Following the IUCN Red List criteria (IUCN 2001), we suggest 
<taxonomicName id="659C2BF1FFEE6652FB407FAC231FFA77" box="[1211,1401,1441,1466]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Ameerega" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="59" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="altamazonica">
<emphasis id="90E88C60FFEE6652FB407FAC231FFA77" box="[1211,1401,1441,1466]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="59">A. altamazonica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
be listed as Least Concern (LC) under the following criteria: (1) we estimate its area of occupancy at 
<quantity id="6564FD97FFEE6652FAEB7FCB23EAFA2D" box="[1296,1420,1478,1504]" metricMagnitude="7" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.83" pageId="10" pageNumber="59" unit="km" value="48300.0">48,300 km</quantity>
2, and part of this range lies within two National Parks (Río Abiseo and Cordillera Azul), (2) it occurs extensively throughout suitable habitat and thrives even in disturbed areas, (3) population sizes are assumed to be large since it is common in several habitat 
<typeStatus id="7D27EED0FFEE6652FD4B7C232497F985" box="[688,753,1582,1608]" pageId="10" pageNumber="59">types</typeStatus>
, (4) populations do not appear to be declining, and (5) demand for the pet trade is presumed to be low.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>