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<mods:title id="0E09C1B86020023F3F6DFD1C3253C735">Taxonomic Status of Nanotyrannus lancensis (Dinosauria: Tyrannosauroidea) - A Distinct Taxon of Small-Bodied Tyrannosaur</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="F29D8CA358FC636F6C4CA2E2C9E291CF">Longrich, Nicholas R.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="EECB9C886C53B6F5569ABCF9E1B79999">Department of Organismal Biology and Anatomy, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA</mods:affiliation>
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<paragraph id="A80736DCFFC9FFA0FE21F832FBDCF85B" blockId="10.[444,1493,1927,2059]" box="[444,1030,1927,1951]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<emphasis id="9ACCEACEFFC9FFA0FE21F832FBDCF85B" box="[444,1030,1927,1951]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
3.2. Morphology of 
<taxonomicName id="6FB84D5FFFC9FFA0FD0DF83DFCF4F85B" authority="Bakker et al., 1988" authorityName="Bakker et al." authorityYear="1988" box="[656,814,1928,1951]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Nanotyrannus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Nanotyrannus</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="6FB84D5FFFC9FFA0FCFEF83DFBDCF85B" authorityName="Osborn" authorityYear="1905" box="[867,1030,1928,1951]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Tyrannosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Tyrannosaurus</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
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<paragraph id="A80736DCFFC9FFA1FE69F805FB86FE15" blockId="10.[444,1493,1927,2059]" lastBlockId="11.[442,1492,240,465]" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="12" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
The two hypotheses make different predictions about the morphology of 
<taxonomicName id="6FB84D5FFFC9FFA0FAA4F804FA0EF80C" box="[1337,1492,1969,1992]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Nanotyrannus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9ACCEACEFFC9FFA0FAA4F804FA0EF80C" box="[1337,1492,1969,1992]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Nanotyrannus</emphasis>
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specimens and 
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<emphasis id="9ACCEACEFFC9FFA0FDEFF867FCCCF82D" box="[626,790,2002,2025]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Tyrannosaurus</emphasis>
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specimens. Both hypotheses predict that the two will show distinct forms—either a distinct 
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<emphasis id="9ACCEACEFFC9FFA0FCA2F841FC3AF7CF" box="[831,992,2036,2059]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Nanotyrannus</emphasis>
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morphology and a distinct 
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<emphasis id="9ACCEACEFFC9FFA0FAB0F841FA09F7CF" box="[1325,1491,2036,2059]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Tyrannosaurus</emphasis>
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morphology or a distinct juvenile 
<taxonomicName id="6FB84D5FFFC8FFA1FCCDFF44FC2FFECC" box="[848,1013,241,264]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Tyrannosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9ACCEACEFFC8FFA1FCCDFF44FC2FFECC" box="[848,1013,241,264]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Tyrannosaurus</emphasis>
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and adult 
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<emphasis id="9ACCEACEFFC8FFA1FBE8FF44FAC0FECC" box="[1141,1306,241,264]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Tyrannosaurus</emphasis>
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morphology. If 
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<emphasis id="9ACCEACEFFC8FFA1FE21FEA7FD87FEED" box="[444,605,274,297]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Nanotyrannus</emphasis>
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is a juvenile, however, the 
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<emphasis id="9ACCEACEFFC8FFA1FC33FEA7FB95FEED" box="[942,1103,274,297]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Nanotyrannus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
morphology and 
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<emphasis id="9ACCEACEFFC8FFA1FAB0FEA7FE04FE8F" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Tyrannosaurus rex</emphasis>
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morphology must be linked by intermediate forms [
<bibRefCitation id="CC294B2DFFC8FFA1FBD0FE86FBAFFE8F" author="Longrich, N. R. &amp; Field, D." box="[1101,1141,307,331]" journalOrPublisher="PLoS ONE" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" pagination="e 32623" part="7" refId="ref32729" refString="107. Longrich, N. R.; Field, D. Torosaurus is not Triceratops: Ontogeny in Chasmosaurine Ceratopsids as a Case Study in Dinosaur Taxonomy. PLoS ONE 2012, 7, e 32623. [CrossRef]" title="Torosaurus is not Triceratops: Ontogeny in Chasmosaurine Ceratopsids as a Case Study in Dinosaur Taxonomy" type="journal article" year="2012">107</bibRefCitation>
]. These intermediates should show character states intermediate between the 
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<emphasis id="9ACCEACEFFC8FFA1FC72FEE0FB48FEA8" box="[1007,1170,341,364]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Tyrannosaurus</emphasis>
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state and the 
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<emphasis id="9ACCEACEFFC8FFA1FAA8FEE0FA09FEA8" box="[1333,1491,341,364]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Nanotyrannus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
state and/or mosaicism, with mixtures of juvenile 
<taxonomicName id="6FB84D5FFFC8FFA1FBB3FEC2FB15FE4A" box="[1070,1231,375,398]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Nanotyrannus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9ACCEACEFFC8FFA1FBB3FEC2FB15FE4A" box="[1070,1231,375,398]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Nanotyrannus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
characters and adult 
<taxonomicName id="6FB84D5FFFC8FFA1FE27FE2DFE23FE6B" box="[442,505,408,431]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Tyrannosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rex">
<emphasis id="9ACCEACEFFC8FFA1FE27FE2DFE10FE6B" box="[442,458,408,431]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">T</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="9ACCEACEFFC8FFA1FE45FE2DFE23FE6B" box="[472,505,408,431]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">rex</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
characters. If, however, 
<taxonomicName id="6FB84D5FFFC8FFA1FC87FE2DFC63FE6B" authority="is" authorityName="Is" box="[794,953,408,431]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Nanotyrannus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="11" pageNumber="46" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9ACCEACEFFC8FFA1FC87FE2DFC63FE6B" box="[794,953,408,431]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Nanotyrannus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is a distinct taxon, such intermediates will be nonexistent; variation should be discrete, not continuous.
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="A80736DCFFC8FFA1FE21FE40FB17FDC9" blockId="11.[442,1497,501,1135]" box="[444,1229,501,525]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
3.2.1. Characters Differentiating 
<taxonomicName id="6FB84D5FFFC8FFA1FCA5FE40FC39FDC9" box="[824,995,501,525]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Nanotyrannus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Nanotyrannus</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="6FB84D5FFFC8FFA1FB80FE40FB17FDC9" authority="Osborn" authorityName="Osborn" authorityYear="1905" box="[1053,1229,501,525]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Tyrannosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Tyrannosaurus</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A80736DCFFC8FFA1FE69FDABFDAFFCA7" blockId="11.[442,1497,501,1135]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
The following list of 158 characters (
<tableCitation id="E53A0367FFC8FFA1FC3AFDABFC27FDF2" box="[935,1021,542,566]" captionStart="Table 4" captionStartId="11.[443,503,1179,1200]" captionTargetBox="[458,1476,1235,1998]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Table 4. Morphological characters differentiating Nanotyrannus and Tyrannosaurus." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/FCC76654FFC8FFA1FE26FB2EFAF8FB74" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" tableUuid="FCC76654FFC8FFA1FE26FB2EFAF8FB74">Table 4</tableCitation>
) is assembled from previous studies of 
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<emphasis id="9ACCEACEFFC8FFA1FE21FDF5FD8DFD93" box="[444,599,576,599]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Nanotyrannus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, including the original description by Gilmore [
<bibRefCitation id="CC294B2DFFC8FFA1FBE9FDF5FB55FD9C" author="Gilmore, C. W." box="[1140,1167,576,600]" journalOrPublisher="Smithson. Misc. Collect." pageId="11" pageNumber="12" pagination="1 - 19" part="106" refId="ref28272" refString="27. Gilmore, C. W. A new carnivorous dinosaur from the Lance Formation. Smithson. Misc. Collect. 1946, 106, 1 - 19." title="A new carnivorous dinosaur from the Lance Formation" type="journal article" year="1946">27</bibRefCitation>
], as well as Bakker et al. [
<bibRefCitation id="CC294B2DFFC8FFA1FA30FDF5FA12FD9C" author="Bakker, R. &amp; Williams, M. &amp; Currie, P. J" box="[1453,1480,576,600]" journalOrPublisher="Hunteria" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" pagination="1 - 30" part="1" refId="ref28371" refString="30. Bakker, R.; Williams, M.; Currie, P. J. Nanotyrannus, a new genus of pygmy tyrannosaur, from the latest Cretaceous of Montana. Hunteria 1988, 1, 1 - 30." title="Nanotyrannus, a new genus of pygmy tyrannosaur, from the latest Cretaceous of Montana" type="journal article" year="1988">30</bibRefCitation>
], Witmer and Ridgely [
<bibRefCitation id="CC294B2DFFC8FFA1FD29FDD4FD15FDBD" author="Witmer, L. M. &amp; Ridgely, R. C." box="[692,719,609,633]" journalOrPublisher="Anat. Rec." pageId="11" pageNumber="12" pagination="1266 - 1296" part="292" refId="ref29046" refString="43 Witmer, L. M.; Ridgely, R. C. New insights into the brain, braincase, and ear region of tyrannosaurs (Dinosauria, Theropoda), with implications for sensory organization and behavior. Anat. Rec. 2009, 292, 1266 - 1296. [CrossRef]" title="New insights into the brain, braincase, and ear region of tyrannosaurs (Dinosauria, Theropoda), with implications for sensory organization and behavior" type="journal article" year="2009">43</bibRefCitation>
], Larson [
<bibRefCitation id="CC294B2DFFC8FFA1FCD9FDD4FC85FDBD" author="Larson, P." bookContentInfo="Indiana University Press: Bloomington, IN, USA" box="[836,863,609,633]" editor="Parrish, J. M. &amp; Molnar, R. E. &amp; Currie, P. J. &amp; Koppelhus, E. B." pageId="11" pageNumber="12" pagination="15 - 53" refId="ref28873" refString="40. Larson, P. The case for Nanotyrannus. In Tyrannosaurid Paleobiology; Parrish, J. M., Molnar, R. E., Currie, P. J., Koppelhus, E. B., Eds.; Indiana University Press: Bloomington, IN, USA, 2013; pp. 15 - 53." title="The case for Nanotyrannus" type="book chapter" volumeTitle="Tyrannosaurid Paleobiology" year="2013">40</bibRefCitation>
], Schmerge and Rothschild [
<bibRefCitation id="CC294B2DFFC8FFA1FB36FDD4FB1CFDBD" author="Schmerge, J. D. &amp; Rothschild, B. M." box="[1195,1222,609,633]" journalOrPublisher="Cretac. Res." pageId="11" pageNumber="12" pagination="26 - 33" part="61" refId="ref29153" refString="45. Schmerge, J. D.; Rothschild, B. M. Distribution of the dentary groove of theropod dinosaurs: Implications for theropod phylogeny and the validity of the genus Nanotyrannus Bakker et al., 1988. Cretac. Res. 2016, 61, 26 - 33. [CrossRef]" title="Distribution of the dentary groove of theropod dinosaurs: Implications for theropod phylogeny and the validity of the genus Nanotyrannus Bakker et al., 1988" type="journal article" year="2016">45</bibRefCitation>
] phylogenetic analyses by Loewen et al. [
<bibRefCitation id="CC294B2DFFC8FFA1FD18FD37FD7AFD5E" author="Loewen, M. A &amp; Irmis, R. B. &amp; Sertich, J. J. &amp; Currie, P. J &amp; Sampson, S. D." box="[645,672,642,666]" journalOrPublisher="PLoS ONE" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" pagination="e 79420" part="8" refId="ref29849" refString="56. Loewen, M. A.; Irmis, R. B.; Sertich, J. J.; Currie, P. J.; Sampson, S. D. Tyrant dinosaur evolution tracks the rise and fall of Late Cretaceous oceans. PLoS ONE 2013, 8, e 79420. [CrossRef] [PubMed]" title="Tyrant dinosaur evolution tracks the rise and fall of Late Cretaceous oceans" type="journal article" year="2013">56</bibRefCitation>
] and Brusatte and Carr [
<bibRefCitation id="CC294B2DFFC8FFA1FC26FD36FC12FD5F" author="Brusatte, S. L. &amp; Carr, T. D." box="[955,968,643,667]" journalOrPublisher="Sci. Rep." pageId="11" pageNumber="12" pagination="20252" part="6" refId="ref26991" refString="1. Brusatte, S. L.; Carr, T. D. The phylogeny and evolutionary history of tyrannosauroid dinosaurs. Sci. Rep. 2016, 6, 20252. [CrossRef]" title="The phylogeny and evolutionary history of tyrannosauroid dinosaurs" type="journal article" year="2016">1</bibRefCitation>
], and new characters found during this study. The number of characters differentiating the two is remarkable. Diagnostic characters occur in every bone in the skull examined; multiple characters typically diagnose each bone. Even more striking is the absence of clear intermediate fossils linking the two morphotypes: tyrannosaurs either exhibit the 
<taxonomicName id="6FB84D5FFFC8FFA1FCBEFCBCFC64FCE4" box="[803,958,777,800]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Nanotyrannus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9ACCEACEFFC8FFA1FCBEFCBCFC64FCE4" box="[803,958,777,800]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Nanotyrannus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
character states or the 
<taxonomicName id="6FB84D5FFFC8FFA1FB59FCBCFABEFCE4" box="[1220,1380,777,800]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Tyrannosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9ACCEACEFFC8FFA1FB59FCBCFABEFCE4" box="[1220,1380,777,800]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Tyrannosaurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
character states but never combinations of these states, strongly arguing that they represent two distinct species.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A80736DCFFC8FFA1FE69FCD8FB67FBCF" blockId="11.[442,1497,501,1135]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
This list is not comprehensive. Some characters were subtle or variable and so excluded pending further study. The list also focuses on cranial characters because casts, specimens, and descriptions are more readily available, but the postcrania also show marked differences, which require more study. Selected characters are illustrated (
<figureCitation id="30832A59FFC8FFA1FB40FC64FAA8FC2D" box="[1245,1394,977,1001]" captionStart-0="Figure 4" captionStart-1="Figure 5" captionStart-2="Figure 6" captionStart-3="Figure 7" captionStart-4="Figure 8" captionStart-5="Figure 9" captionStart-6="Figure 10" captionStart-7="Figure 11" captionStart-8="Figure 12" captionStart-9="Figure 13" captionStartId-0="17.[444,516,1929,1951]" captionStartId-1="18.[444,516,1932,1954]" captionStartId-2="19.[444,516,1145,1167]" captionStartId-3="19.[444,513,1973,1995]" captionStartId-4="20.[444,516,837,859]" captionStartId-5="20.[444,515,1992,2014]" captionStartId-6="21.[444,515,1126,1148]" captionStartId-7="21.[444,516,1873,1895]" captionStartId-8="22.[444,513,1959,1981]" captionStartId-9="23.[444,515,1288,1310]" captionTargetBox-0="[173,1417,245,1886]" captionTargetBox-1="[226,1360,249,1888]" captionTargetBox-2="[150,1431,246,1102]" captionTargetBox-3="[154,1441,1238,1930]" captionTargetBox-4="[450,1389,242,807]" captionTargetBox-5="[458,1353,935,1956]" captionTargetBox-6="[227,1358,246,1080]" captionTargetBox-7="[235,1362,1226,1835]" captionTargetBox-8="[219,1364,242,1922]" captionTargetBox-9="[454,1438,243,1248]" captionTargetId-0="figure-54@17.[140,1486,209,1107]" captionTargetId-1="figure-54@18.[98,1441,237,1921]" captionTargetId-2="figure-78@19.[125,1450,210,1123]" captionTargetId-3="figure-228@19.[135,1464,1228,1949]" captionTargetId-4="figure-82@20.[411,1411,240,809]" captionTargetId-6="figure-82@21.[211,1397,227,1106]" captionTargetId-7="figure-243@21.[200,1394,1194,1855]" captionTargetId-8="figure-77@22.[168,1514,980,1929]" captionTargetId-9="figure-206@23.[412,1478,226,1278]" captionTargetPageId-0="17" captionTargetPageId-1="18" captionTargetPageId-2="19" captionTargetPageId-3="19" captionTargetPageId-4="20" captionTargetPageId-5="20" captionTargetPageId-6="21" captionTargetPageId-7="21" captionTargetPageId-8="22" captionTargetPageId-9="23" captionText-0="Figure 4. Left maxilla of Tyrannosaurus rex CM 9380 and right maxilla (reversed) of Nanotyrannus BMRP 2002.4.1 in lateral view, showing anatomical characters differentiating the two. Scale = 10 cm." captionText-1="Figure 5. Left maxilla of Tyrannosaurus rex CM 9380 and right maxilla (reversed) of Nanotyrannus BMRP 2002.4.1, medial view, showing anatomical characters differentiating the two. Scale = 10 cm." captionText-2="Figure 6. Nasals of Tyrannosaurus RSM P2523.8 and nasals of Nanotyrannus BMRP 2002.4.1, dorsal view, showing anatomical characters differentiating the two. Scale = 10 cm." captionText-3="Figure 7. Right lacrimal of Tyrannosaurus rex holotype CM 9380 and left lacrimal Nanotyrannus BMRP 2002.4.1, lateral view, showing anatomical characters differentiating the two. Scale = 10 cm." captionText-4="Figure 8. Right postorbital of Tyrannosaurus rex LACM 150167 and left postorbital Nanotyrannus BMRP 2002.4.1 in lateral view, showing anatomical characters differentiating the two. Scale = 10 cm." captionText-5="Figure 9. Left jugal of Tyrannosaurus RSM P2523.8 and left jugal of Nanotyrannus BMRP 2002.4.1 in lateral view, showing anatomical characters differentiating the two. Scale = 10 cm." captionText-6="Figure 10. Right squamosal of Tyrannosaurus CM 9380 and left squamosal (reversed) Nanotyrannus BMRP 2002.4.1 in ventral view, showing anatomical characters differentiating the two. Scale = 10 cm." captionText-7="Figure 11. Left ectopterygoid of Tyrannosaurus RSM P2523.8 and right ectopterygoid (reversed) of Nanotyrannus BMRP 2002.4.1 in lateral view, showing anatomical characters differentiating the two. Scale = 5 cm." captionText-8="Figure 12. Left dentary of Tyrannosaurus rex CM 9380 and right dentary (reversed) Nanotyrannus BMRP 2002.4.1 in lateral (top) and medial (below) views, showing anatomical characters differentiating the two. Scale = 10 cm." captionText-9="Figure 13. Left surangular of Tyrannosaurus CM 9380 and right surangular (reversed) Nanotyrannus BMRP 2002.4.1 in lateral views, showing anatomical characters differentiating the two. Scale = 10 cm." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10535277" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10535279" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10535281" figureDoi-3="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10535283" figureDoi-4="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10535285" figureDoi-5="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10535289" figureDoi-6="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10535291" figureDoi-7="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10535293" figureDoi-8="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10535295" figureDoi-9="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10535297" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/10535277/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/10535279/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/10535281/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/10535283/files/figure.png" httpUri-4="https://zenodo.org/record/10535285/files/figure.png" httpUri-5="https://zenodo.org/record/10535289/files/figure.png" httpUri-6="https://zenodo.org/record/10535291/files/figure.png" httpUri-7="https://zenodo.org/record/10535293/files/figure.png" httpUri-8="https://zenodo.org/record/10535295/files/figure.png" httpUri-9="https://zenodo.org/record/10535297/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Figures 4–13</figureCitation>
) but are not meant to exhaustively catalog all diagnostic characters found.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A80736DCFFC8FFA1FE69FBA1FC0CFBAB" blockId="11.[442,1497,501,1135]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
Character List: Characters differentiating 
<taxonomicName id="6FB84D5FFFC8FFA1FC4EFBA0FBB4FBE8" box="[979,1134,1045,1068]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Nanotyrannus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9ACCEACEFFC8FFA1FC4EFBA0FBB4FBE8" box="[979,1134,1045,1068]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Nanotyrannus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="6FB84D5FFFC8FFA1FB3AFBA0FA9DFBE8" box="[1191,1351,1045,1068]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Tyrannosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9ACCEACEFFC8FFA1FB3AFBA0FA9DFBE8" box="[1191,1351,1045,1068]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Tyrannosaurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Ontogenetically stable characters = †, Ontogenetically labile characters = *. 
<taxonomicName id="6FB84D5FFFC8FFA1FB2BFB82FA8FFB8A" box="[1206,1365,1079,1102]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Nanotyrannus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9ACCEACEFFC8FFA1FB2BFB82FA8FFB8A" box="[1206,1365,1079,1102]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Nanotyrannus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
characters are plesiomorphies unless denoted otherwise.
</paragraph>
<caption id="FCC76654FFC8FFA1FE26FB2EFAF8FB74" ID-Table-UUID="FCC76654FFC8FFA1FE26FB2EFAF8FB74" box="[443,1314,1179,1201]" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/FCC76654FFC8FFA1FE26FB2EFAF8FB74" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" startId="11.[443,503,1179,1200]" targetBox="[458,1476,1235,1998]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="11" targetType="table">
<paragraph id="A80736DCFFC8FFA1FE26FB2EFAF8FB74" blockId="11.[443,1314,1179,1201]" box="[443,1314,1179,1201]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<emphasis id="9ACCEACEFFC8FFA1FE26FB2EFDD5FB74" bold="true" box="[443,527,1179,1200]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Table 4.</emphasis>
Morphological characters differentiating 
<taxonomicName id="6FB84D5FFFC8FFA1FC5AFB29FB8FFB75" box="[967,1109,1180,1201]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Nanotyrannus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9ACCEACEFFC8FFA1FC5AFB29FB8FFB75" box="[967,1109,1180,1201]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Nanotyrannus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="6FB84D5FFFC8FFA1FB17FB29FAC7FB75" box="[1162,1309,1180,1201]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Tyrannosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9ACCEACEFFC8FFA1FB17FB29FAC7FB75" box="[1162,1309,1180,1201]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Tyrannosaurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="A80736DCFFC8FFA1FE51FB66FD26F80A" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<table id="DAB8C47CFFC80055FE57FB66FA1EF80A" box="[458,1476,1235,1998]" colsContinueIn="12.[458,1478,301,2042]" gridcols="2" gridrows="25" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<tr id="1688349EFFC80055FE57FB66FA1EFB2D" box="[458,1476,1235,1257]" gridrow="0" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<th id="55595DE2FFC80055FE57FB66FA1EFB2D" box="[458,1476,1235,1257]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<heading id="F34F81B0FFC8FFA1FE51FB66FD9BFB2D" bold="true" box="[460,577,1235,1257]" fontSize="9" level="2" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" reason="2">
<emphasis id="9ACCEACEFFC8FFA1FE51FB66FD9BFB2D" bold="true" box="[460,577,1235,1257]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Premaxilla</emphasis>
</heading>
</th>
</tr>
<tr id="1688349EFFC80055FE57FB4BFA1EFAD0" box="[458,1476,1278,1300]" gridrow="1" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<td id="55595DE2FFC80055FE57FB4BFE32FAD0" box="[458,488,1278,1300]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">1.</td>
<td id="55595DE2FFC80055FD9BFB4BFA1EFAD0" box="[518,1476,1278,1300]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Premaxilla, anterior margin of premaxilla sloped posterodorsally in lateral view</td>
</tr>
<tr id="1688349EFFC80055FE57FAAEFA1EFAF5" box="[458,1476,1307,1329]" gridrow="2" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" rowspan-0="1">
<td id="55595DE2FFC80055FD9BFAAEFA1EFAF5" box="[518,1476,1307,1329]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
(
<taxonomicName id="6FB84D5FFFC8FFA1FD93FAA9FD46FAF5" box="[526,668,1308,1329]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Nanotyrannus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9ACCEACEFFC8FFA1FD93FAA9FD46FAF5" box="[526,668,1308,1329]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Nanotyrannus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) versus vertically oriented (
<taxonomicName id="6FB84D5FFFC8FFA1FC58FAA9FB82FAF5" box="[965,1112,1308,1329]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Tyrannosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9ACCEACEFFC8FFA1FC58FAA9FB82FAF5" box="[965,1112,1308,1329]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Tyrannosaurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) †;
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="1688349EFFC80055FE57FA8DFA1EFA8A" box="[458,1476,1336,1358]" gridrow="3" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<td id="55595DE2FFC80055FE57FA8DFE32FA8A" box="[458,488,1336,1358]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">2.</td>
<td id="55595DE2FFC80055FD9BFA8DFA1EFA8A" box="[518,1476,1336,1358]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
Premaxilla, ventral margin distinctly upturned in lateral view (
<taxonomicName id="6FB84D5FFFC8FFA1FB02FA8CFAF7FA8A" box="[1183,1325,1337,1358]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Nanotyrannus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9ACCEACEFFC8FFA1FB02FA8CFAF7FA8A" box="[1183,1325,1337,1358]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Nanotyrannus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) or horizontal
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="1688349EFFC80055FE57FAE0FA1EFAAF" box="[458,1476,1365,1387]" gridrow="4" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" rowspan-0="1">
<td id="55595DE2FFC80055FD9BFAE0FA1EFAAF" box="[518,1476,1365,1387]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
(
<taxonomicName id="6FB84D5FFFC8FFA1FD93FAE3FD7BFAAF" box="[526,673,1366,1387]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Tyrannosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9ACCEACEFFC8FFA1FD93FAE3FD7BFAAF" box="[526,673,1366,1387]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Tyrannosaurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) † (
<emphasis id="9ACCEACEFFC8FFA1FD54FAE0FC8EFAAE" box="[713,852,1365,1386]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">autapomorphy</emphasis>
).
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="1688349EFFC80055FE57FAC6FA1EFA4D" box="[458,1476,1395,1417]" gridrow="5" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<td id="55595DE2FFC80055FE57FAC6FE32FA4D" box="[458,488,1395,1417]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">3.</td>
<td id="55595DE2FFC80055FD9BFAC6FA1EFA4D" box="[518,1476,1395,1417]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Premaxilla, articulated premaxillae form a long, narrow U in dorsal or ventral view</td>
</tr>
<tr id="1688349EFFC80055FE57FA25FA1EFA62" box="[458,1476,1424,1446]" gridrow="6" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" rowspan-0="1">
<td id="55595DE2FFC80055FD9BFA25FA1EFA62" box="[518,1476,1424,1446]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
(
<taxonomicName id="6FB84D5FFFC8FFA1FD93FA24FD46FA62" box="[526,668,1425,1446]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Nanotyrannus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9ACCEACEFFC8FFA1FD93FA24FD46FA62" box="[526,668,1425,1446]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Nanotyrannus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) or very short, and broad transversely (
<taxonomicName id="6FB84D5FFFC8FFA1FBDCFA24FB0EFA62" box="[1089,1236,1425,1446]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Tyrannosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9ACCEACEFFC8FFA1FBDCFA24FB0EFA62" box="[1089,1236,1425,1446]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Tyrannosaurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
);
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="1688349EFFC80055FE57FA18FA1EFA07" box="[458,1476,1453,1475]" gridrow="7" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<td id="55595DE2FFC80055FE57FA18FE32FA07" box="[458,488,1453,1475]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">4.</td>
<td id="55595DE2FFC80055FD9BFA18FA1EFA07" box="[518,1476,1453,1475]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
Premaxilla, subnarial process faces anterolaterally (
<taxonomicName id="6FB84D5FFFC8FFA1FBB9FA1BFB68FA07" box="[1060,1202,1454,1475]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Nanotyrannus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9ACCEACEFFC8FFA1FBB9FA1BFB68FA07" box="[1060,1202,1454,1475]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Nanotyrannus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) or anteriorly
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="1688349EFFC80055FE57FA7FFA1EFA24" box="[458,1476,1482,1504]" gridrow="8" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" rowspan-0="1">
<td id="55595DE2FFC80055FD9BFA7FFA1EFA24" box="[518,1476,1482,1504]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
(
<taxonomicName id="6FB84D5FFFC8FFA1FD93FA7EFD7BFA24" box="[526,673,1483,1504]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Tyrannosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9ACCEACEFFC8FFA1FD93FA7EFD7BFA24" box="[526,673,1483,1504]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Tyrannosaurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) †;
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="1688349EFFC80055FE57FA40FA1EF9CF" box="[458,1476,1525,1547]" gridrow="9" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<td id="55595DE2FFC80055FE57FA40FA1EF9CF" box="[458,1476,1525,1547]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" gridcol="0" gridrow="9" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<heading id="F34F81B0FFC8FFA1FE51FA40FDFAF9CF" bold="true" box="[460,544,1525,1547]" fontSize="9" level="2" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" reason="2">
<emphasis id="9ACCEACEFFC8FFA1FE51FA40FDFAF9CF" bold="true" box="[460,544,1525,1547]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Maxilla</emphasis>
</heading>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="1688349EFFC80055FE57F9AAFA1EF9F1" box="[458,1476,1567,1589]" gridrow="10" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<td id="55595DE2FFC80055FE57F9AAFE32F9F1" box="[458,488,1567,1589]" gridcol="0" gridrow="10" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">5.</td>
<td id="55595DE2FFC80055FD9BF9AAFA1EF9F1" box="[518,1476,1567,1589]" gridcol="1" gridrow="10" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
Maxilla, sculpture of maxilla weakly developed, simple rugosity (
<taxonomicName id="6FB84D5FFFC8FFA1FB2AF995FA9EF9F1" box="[1207,1348,1568,1589]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Nanotyrannus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9ACCEACEFFC8FFA1FB2AF995FA9EF9F1" box="[1207,1348,1568,1589]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Nanotyrannus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) or forming
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="1688349EFFC80055FE57F988FA1EF997" box="[458,1476,1597,1619]" gridrow="11" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" rowspan-0="1">
<td id="55595DE2FFC80055FD9BF988FA1EF997" box="[518,1476,1597,1619]" gridcol="1" gridrow="11" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
ridges and deep depressions on lateral surface of maxilla (
<taxonomicName id="6FB84D5FFFC8FFA1FBF0F988FADAF996" box="[1133,1280,1597,1618]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Tyrannosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9ACCEACEFFC8FFA1FBF0F988FADAF996" box="[1133,1280,1597,1618]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Tyrannosaurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) *;
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="1688349EFFC80055FE57F9EFFA1EF9B4" box="[458,1476,1626,1648]" gridrow="12" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<td id="55595DE2FFC80055FE57F9EFFE32F9B4" box="[458,488,1626,1648]" gridcol="0" gridrow="12" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">6.</td>
<td id="55595DE2FFC80055FD9BF9EFFA1EF9B4" box="[518,1476,1626,1648]" gridcol="1" gridrow="12" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
Maxilla, subnarial fossa and foramen exposed in lateral view (
<emphasis id="9ACCEACEFFC8FFA1FB0FF9EFFAC5F9AB" box="[1170,1311,1626,1647]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Nanotryannus</emphasis>
) or obscured in
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="1688349EFFC80055FE57F9C2FA1EF949" box="[458,1476,1655,1677]" gridrow="13" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" rowspan-0="1">
<td id="55595DE2FFC80055FD9BF9C2FA1EF949" box="[518,1476,1655,1677]" gridcol="1" gridrow="13" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
lateral view (
<taxonomicName id="6FB84D5FFFC8FFA1FD0CF9CDFCFEF949" box="[657,804,1656,1677]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Tyrannosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9ACCEACEFFC8FFA1FD0CF9CDFCFEF949" box="[657,804,1656,1677]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Tyrannosaurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) †;
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="1688349EFFC80055FE57F921FA1EF96E" box="[458,1476,1684,1706]" gridrow="14" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<td id="55595DE2FFC80055FE57F921FE32F96E" box="[458,488,1684,1706]" gridcol="0" gridrow="14" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">7.</td>
<td id="55595DE2FFC80055FD9BF921FA1EF96E" box="[518,1476,1684,1706]" gridcol="1" gridrow="14" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
Maxilla, maxillae narrow in dorsal view (
<taxonomicName id="6FB84D5FFFC8FFA1FC28F920FB9BF96E" box="[949,1089,1685,1706]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Nanotyrannus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9ACCEACEFFC8FFA1FC28F920FB9BF96E" box="[949,1089,1685,1706]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Nanotyrannus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) versus muzzle broad in dorsal view
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="1688349EFFC80055FE57F907FA1EF903" box="[458,1476,1714,1735]" gridrow="15" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<td id="55595DE2FFC80055FE57F907FA1EF903" box="[458,1476,1714,1735]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" gridcol="0" gridrow="15" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
(
<taxonomicName id="6FB84D5FFFC8FFA1FD93F907FD7BF903" box="[526,673,1714,1735]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Tyrannosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9ACCEACEFFC8FFA1FD93F907FD7BF903" box="[526,673,1714,1735]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Tyrannosaurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
);
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="1688349EFFC80055FE57F97AFA1EF921" box="[458,1476,1743,1765]" gridrow="16" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<td id="55595DE2FFC80055FE57F97AFE32F921" box="[458,488,1743,1765]" gridcol="0" gridrow="16" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">8.</td>
<td id="55595DE2FFC80055FD9BF97AFA1EF921" box="[518,1476,1743,1765]" gridcol="1" gridrow="16" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
Maxilla, maxilla long and low, more than twice as long as tall (
<taxonomicName id="6FB84D5FFFC8FFA1FB07F97AFAF2F920" box="[1178,1320,1743,1764]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Nanotyrannus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9ACCEACEFFC8FFA1FB07F97AFAF2F920" box="[1178,1320,1743,1764]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Nanotyrannus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), versus short
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="1688349EFFC80055FE57F959FA1EF8C6" box="[458,1476,1772,1794]" gridrow="17" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" rowspan-0="1">
<td id="55595DE2FFC80055FD9BF959FA1EF8C6" box="[518,1476,1772,1794]" gridcol="1" gridrow="17" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
and tall (
<taxonomicName id="6FB84D5FFFC8FFA1FDF8F958FD22F8C6" box="[613,760,1773,1794]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Tyrannosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9ACCEACEFFC8FFA1FDF8F958FD22F8C6" box="[613,760,1773,1794]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Tyrannosaurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) †;
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="1688349EFFC80055FE57F8BCFA1EF8DB" box="[458,1476,1801,1823]" gridrow="18" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<td id="55595DE2FFC80055FE57F8BCFE32F8DB" box="[458,488,1801,1823]" gridcol="0" gridrow="18" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">9.</td>
<td id="55595DE2FFC80055FD9BF8BCFA1EF8DB" box="[518,1476,1801,1823]" gridcol="1" gridrow="18" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
Maxilla, ventral margin of maxilla weakly convex or straight (
<taxonomicName id="6FB84D5FFFC8FFA1FB08F8BFFAF9F8DB" box="[1173,1315,1802,1823]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Nanotyrannus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9ACCEACEFFC8FFA1FB08F8BFFAF9F8DB" box="[1173,1315,1802,1823]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Nanotyrannus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), or strongly
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="1688349EFFC80055FE57F893FA1EF8F8" box="[458,1476,1830,1852]" gridrow="19" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" rowspan-0="1">
<td id="55595DE2FFC80055FD9BF893FA1EF8F8" box="[518,1476,1830,1852]" gridcol="1" gridrow="19" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
curved, projecting strongly downwards relative to jugal process (
<taxonomicName id="6FB84D5FFFC8FFA1FB2AF892FA90F8F8" box="[1207,1354,1831,1852]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Tyrannosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9ACCEACEFFC8FFA1FB2AF892FA90F8F8" box="[1207,1354,1831,1852]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Tyrannosaurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) *;
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="1688349EFFC80055FE57F8F1FA1EF89E" box="[458,1476,1860,1882]" gridrow="20" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<td id="55595DE2FFC80055FE57F8F1FE32F89E" box="[458,488,1860,1882]" gridcol="0" gridrow="20" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">10.</td>
<td id="55595DE2FFC80055FD9BF8F1FA1EF89E" box="[518,1476,1860,1882]" gridcol="1" gridrow="20" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
Maxilla, nasal closely approaches anterodorsal margin of antorbital fossa (
<taxonomicName id="6FB84D5FFFC8FFA1FA8FF8F1FA45F89D" box="[1298,1439,1860,1881]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Nanotyrannus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9ACCEACEFFC8FFA1FA8FF8F1FA45F89D" box="[1298,1439,1860,1881]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Nanotyrannus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) or
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="1688349EFFC80055FE57F8D4FA1EF8B3" box="[458,1476,1889,1911]" gridrow="21" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" rowspan-0="1">
<td id="55595DE2FFC80055FD9BF8D4FA1EF8B3" box="[518,1476,1889,1911]" gridcol="1" gridrow="21" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
maxilla broadly separates nasal from antorbital fossa (
<taxonomicName id="6FB84D5FFFC8FFA1FBDFF8D4FB0FF8B2" box="[1090,1237,1889,1910]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Tyrannosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9ACCEACEFFC8FFA1FBDFF8D4FB0FF8B2" box="[1090,1237,1889,1910]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Tyrannosaurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) *;
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="1688349EFFC80055FE57F8CBFA1EF850" box="[458,1476,1918,1940]" gridrow="22" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<td id="55595DE2FFC80055FE57F8CBFE32F850" box="[458,488,1918,1940]" gridcol="0" gridrow="22" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">11.</td>
<td id="55595DE2FFC80055FD9BF8CBFA1EF850" box="[518,1476,1918,1940]" gridcol="1" gridrow="22" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
Maxilla, antorbital fossa shallow (
<taxonomicName id="6FB84D5FFFC8FFA1FCF1F8CAFC20F850" box="[876,1018,1919,1940]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Nanotyrannus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9ACCEACEFFC8FFA1FCF1F8CAFC20F850" box="[876,1018,1919,1940]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Nanotyrannus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) or deep (
<taxonomicName id="6FB84D5FFFC8FFA1FBFBF8CAFB23F850" box="[1126,1273,1919,1940]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Tyrannosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9ACCEACEFFC8FFA1FBFBF8CAFB23F850" box="[1126,1273,1919,1940]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Tyrannosaurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) †;
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="1688349EFFC80055FE57F82EFA1EF875" box="[458,1476,1947,1969]" gridrow="23" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<td id="55595DE2FFC80055FE57F82EFE32F875" box="[458,488,1947,1969]" gridcol="0" gridrow="23" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">12.</td>
<td id="55595DE2FFC80055FD9BF82EFA1EF875" box="[518,1476,1947,1969]" gridcol="1" gridrow="23" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
Maxilla, promaxillary fenestra visible in lateral view (
<taxonomicName id="6FB84D5FFFC8FFA1FBA0F829FB11F875" box="[1085,1227,1948,1969]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Nanotyrannus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9ACCEACEFFC8FFA1FBA0F829FB11F875" box="[1085,1227,1948,1969]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Nanotyrannus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) or concealed in lateral
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="1688349EFFC80055FE57F80DFA1EF80A" box="[458,1476,1976,1998]" gridrow="24" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" rowspan-0="1">
<td id="55595DE2FFC80055FD9BF80DFA1EF80A" box="[518,1476,1976,1998]" gridcol="1" gridrow="24" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
view (
<taxonomicName id="6FB84D5FFFC8FFA1FDD5F80CFD01F80A" box="[584,731,1977,1998]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Tyrannosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9ACCEACEFFC8FFA1FDD5F80CFD01F80A" box="[584,731,1977,1998]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Tyrannosaurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) †;
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<caption id="FCC76654FFCFFFA6FE26FF5AFD97FEC1" box="[443,589,239,261]" isContinuationCaption="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" startId="12.[443,503,239,260]" targetBox="[458,1478,301,2042]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="12" targetType="table">
<paragraph id="A80736DCFFCFFFA6FE26FF5AFD97FEC1" blockId="12.[443,589,239,261]" box="[443,589,239,261]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<emphasis id="9ACCEACEFFCFFFA6FE26FF5AFDD5FEC0" bold="true" box="[443,527,239,260]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Table 4.</emphasis>
Cont.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="A80736DCFFCFFFA6FE57FE98FBB7F83D" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<table id="DAB8C47CFFCF0055FE57FE98FA1CF83E" box="[458,1478,301,2042]" colsContinueFrom="11.[458,1476,1235,1998]" colsContinueIn="13.[460,1478,301,2095]" gridcols="2" gridrows="58" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<tr id="1688349EFFCF0055FE57FE98FA1CFE87" box="[458,1478,301,323]" gridrow="0" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<th id="55595DE2FFCF0055FE57FE98FE30FE87" box="[458,490,301,323]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">13.</th>
<th id="55595DE2FFCF0055FD9BFE98FA1CFE87" box="[518,1478,301,323]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Maxilla, accessory antorbital fenestra small and does not reach anterior end of antorbital</th>
</tr>
<tr id="1688349EFFCF0055FE57FEFFFA1CFEA4" box="[458,1478,330,352]" gridrow="1" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" rowspan-0="1">
<td id="55595DE2FFCF0055FD9BFEFFFA1CFEA4" box="[518,1478,330,352]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
fossa (
<taxonomicName id="6FB84D5FFFCFFFA6FDD7FEFEFD02FEA4" box="[586,728,331,352]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Nanotyrannus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9ACCEACEFFCFFFA6FDD7FEFEFD02FEA4" box="[586,728,331,352]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Nanotyrannus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) versus large and reaches anterior end of antorbital fossa
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="1688349EFFCF0055FE57FED2FA1CFEB9" box="[458,1478,359,381]" gridrow="2" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" rowspan-0="1">
<td id="55595DE2FFCF0055FD9BFED2FA1CFEB9" box="[518,1478,359,381]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
(
<taxonomicName id="6FB84D5FFFCFFFA6FD93FEDDFD7BFEB9" box="[526,673,360,381]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Tyrannosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9ACCEACEFFCFFFA6FD93FEDDFD7BFEB9" box="[526,673,360,381]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Tyrannosaurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) †;
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="1688349EFFCF0055FE57FE31FA1CFE5E" box="[458,1478,388,410]" gridrow="3" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<td id="55595DE2FFCF0055FE57FE31FE30FE5E" box="[458,490,388,410]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">14.</td>
<td id="55595DE2FFCF0055FD9BFE31FA1CFE5E" box="[518,1478,388,410]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Maxilla, accessory antorbital fenestra lies well above ventral margin of antorbital fossa</td>
</tr>
<tr id="1688349EFFCF0055FE57FE17FA1CFE7C" box="[458,1478,418,440]" gridrow="4" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" rowspan-0="1">
<td id="55595DE2FFCF0055FD9BFE17FA1CFE7C" box="[518,1478,418,440]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
(
<taxonomicName id="6FB84D5FFFCFFFA6FD93FE17FD46FE73" box="[526,668,418,439]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Nanotyrannus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9ACCEACEFFCFFFA6FD93FE17FD46FE73" box="[526,668,418,439]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Nanotyrannus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) versus ventrally positioned (
<taxonomicName id="6FB84D5FFFCFFFA6FC44FE17FBB6FE73" box="[985,1132,418,439]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Tyrannosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9ACCEACEFFCFFFA6FC44FE17FBB6FE73" box="[985,1132,418,439]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Tyrannosaurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) †;
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="1688349EFFCF0055FE57FE0AFA1CFE11" box="[458,1478,447,469]" gridrow="5" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<td id="55595DE2FFCF0055FE57FE0AFE30FE11" box="[458,490,447,469]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">15.</td>
<td id="55595DE2FFCF0055FD9BFE0AFA1CFE11" box="[518,1478,447,469]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
Maxilla, antorbital fossa with a broad rim beneath the antorbital fenestra (
<taxonomicName id="6FB84D5FFFCFFFA6FA8EFE75FA7BFE11" box="[1299,1441,448,469]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Nanotyrannus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9ACCEACEFFCFFFA6FA8EFE75FA7BFE11" box="[1299,1441,448,469]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Nanotyrannus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
)
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="1688349EFFCF0055FE57FE69FA1CFE36" box="[458,1478,476,498]" gridrow="6" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" rowspan-0="1">
<td id="55595DE2FFCF0055FD9BFE69FA1CFE36" box="[518,1478,476,498]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">versus antorbital fossa with a very narrow exposure along the posteroventral margin of the</td>
</tr>
<tr id="1688349EFFCF0055FE57FE4CFA1CFDCB" box="[458,1478,505,527]" gridrow="7" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" rowspan-0="1">
<td id="55595DE2FFCF0055FD9BFE4CFA1CFDCB" box="[518,1478,505,527]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
antorbital fenestra (
<taxonomicName id="6FB84D5FFFCFFFA6FD4BFE4FFCB3FDCB" box="[726,873,506,527]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Tyrannosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9ACCEACEFFCFFFA6FD4BFE4FFCB3FDCB" box="[726,873,506,527]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Tyrannosaurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) †;
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="1688349EFFCF0055FE57FDA2FA1CFDE9" box="[458,1478,535,557]" gridrow="8" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<td id="55595DE2FFCF0055FE57FDA2FE30FDE9" box="[458,490,535,557]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">16.</td>
<td id="55595DE2FFCF0055FD9BFDA2FA1CFDE9" box="[518,1478,535,557]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Maxilla, broad posterodorsal process of maxilla extends posterodorsally and defines a wide</td>
</tr>
<tr id="1688349EFFCF0055FE57FD81FA1CFD8E" box="[458,1478,564,586]" gridrow="9" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" rowspan-0="1">
<td id="55595DE2FFCF0055FD9BFD81FA1CFD8E" box="[518,1478,564,586]" gridcol="1" gridrow="9" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
antorbital fossa above antorbital fenestra and under the nasals (
<taxonomicName id="6FB84D5FFFCFFFA6FB3BFD80FAEEFD8E" box="[1190,1332,565,586]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Nanotyrannus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9ACCEACEFFCFFFA6FB3BFD80FAEEFD8E" box="[1190,1332,565,586]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Nanotyrannus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) versus very
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="1688349EFFCF0055FE57FDE4FA1CFDA3" box="[458,1478,593,615]" gridrow="10" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" rowspan-0="1">
<td id="55595DE2FFCF0055FD9BFDE4FA1CFDA3" box="[518,1478,593,615]" gridcol="1" gridrow="10" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
narrow contribution to antorbital fossa below nasals (
<taxonomicName id="6FB84D5FFFCFFFA6FBA1FDE7FB15FDA3" box="[1084,1231,594,615]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Tyrannosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9ACCEACEFFCFFFA6FBA1FDE7FB15FDA3" box="[1084,1231,594,615]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Tyrannosaurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) †;
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="1688349EFFCF0055FE57FDDBFA1CFD40" box="[458,1478,622,644]" gridrow="11" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<td id="55595DE2FFCF0055FE57FDDBFE30FD40" box="[458,490,622,644]" gridcol="0" gridrow="11" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">17.</td>
<td id="55595DE2FFCF0055FD9BFDDBFA1CFD40" box="[518,1478,622,644]" gridcol="1" gridrow="11" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
Maxilla, antorbital fenestra with a narrow U- or V-shaped anterior margin (
<taxonomicName id="6FB84D5FFFCFFFA6FABCFDDAFA75FD40" box="[1313,1455,623,644]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Nanotyrannus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9ACCEACEFFCFFFA6FABCFDDAFA75FD40" box="[1313,1455,623,644]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Nanotyrannus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
)
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="1688349EFFCF0055FE57FD3EFA1CFD65" box="[458,1478,651,673]" gridrow="12" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" rowspan-0="1">
<td id="55595DE2FFCF0055FD9BFD3EFA1CFD65" box="[518,1478,651,673]" gridcol="1" gridrow="12" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
versus a broadly U-shaped or squared-off anterior margin (
<taxonomicName id="6FB84D5FFFCFFFA6FBE4FD39FAD6FD65" box="[1145,1292,652,673]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Tyrannosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9ACCEACEFFCFFFA6FBE4FD39FAD6FD65" box="[1145,1292,652,673]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Tyrannosaurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) †;
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="1688349EFFCF0055FE57FD1CFA1CFD7B" box="[458,1478,681,703]" gridrow="13" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<td id="55595DE2FFCF0055FE57FD1CFE30FD7B" box="[458,490,681,703]" gridcol="0" gridrow="13" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">18.</td>
<td id="55595DE2FFCF0055FD9BFD1CFA1CFD7B" box="[518,1478,681,703]" gridcol="1" gridrow="13" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
Maxilla, promaxillary recess small (
<taxonomicName id="6FB84D5FFFCFFFA6FCE3FD1CFBD6FD7A" box="[894,1036,681,702]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Nanotyrannus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9ACCEACEFFCFFFA6FCE3FD1CFBD6FD7A" box="[894,1036,681,702]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Nanotyrannus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) or greatly enlarged (
<taxonomicName id="6FB84D5FFFCFFFA6FB6CFD1CFA5EFD7A" box="[1265,1412,681,702]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Tyrannosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9ACCEACEFFCFFFA6FB6CFD1CFA5EFD7A" box="[1265,1412,681,702]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Tyrannosaurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
);
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="1688349EFFCF0055FE57FD73FA1CFD18" box="[458,1478,710,732]" gridrow="14" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<td id="55595DE2FFCF0055FE57FD73FE30FD18" box="[458,490,710,732]" gridcol="0" gridrow="14" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">19.</td>
<td id="55595DE2FFCF0055FD9BFD73FA1CFD18" box="[518,1478,710,732]" gridcol="1" gridrow="14" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Maxilla, deep recess on medial surface of maxilla above maxillary fenestra absent</td>
</tr>
<tr id="1688349EFFCF0055FE57FD56FA1CFD3D" box="[458,1478,739,761]" gridrow="15" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" rowspan-0="1">
<td id="55595DE2FFCF0055FD9BFD56FA1CFD3D" box="[518,1478,739,761]" gridcol="1" gridrow="15" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
(
<taxonomicName id="6FB84D5FFFCFFFA6FD93FD51FD46FD3D" box="[526,668,740,761]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Nanotyrannus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9ACCEACEFFCFFFA6FD93FD51FD46FD3D" box="[526,668,740,761]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Nanotyrannus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) or present (
<taxonomicName id="6FB84D5FFFCFFFA6FCBEFD51FC6CFD3D" box="[803,950,740,761]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Tyrannosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9ACCEACEFFCFFFA6FCBEFD51FC6CFD3D" box="[803,950,740,761]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Tyrannosaurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
);
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="1688349EFFCF0055FE57FCB5FA1CFCD2" box="[458,1478,768,790]" gridrow="16" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<td id="55595DE2FFCF0055FE57FCB5FE30FCD2" box="[458,490,768,790]" gridcol="0" gridrow="16" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">20.</td>
<td id="55595DE2FFCF0055FD9BFCB5FA1CFCD2" box="[518,1478,768,790]" gridcol="1" gridrow="16" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Maxilla, sinus on medial surface of maxilla posterodorsal to maxillary fenestra, small and</td>
</tr>
<tr id="1688349EFFCF0055FE57FCABFA1CFCF0" box="[458,1478,798,820]" gridrow="17" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" rowspan-0="1">
<td id="55595DE2FFCF0055FD9BFCABFA1CFCF0" box="[518,1478,798,820]" gridcol="1" gridrow="17" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
shallow (
<taxonomicName id="6FB84D5FFFCFFFA6FDF5FCABFD2CFCF7" box="[616,758,798,819]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Nanotyrannus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9ACCEACEFFCFFFA6FDF5FCABFD2CFCF7" box="[616,758,798,819]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Nanotyrannus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) or deep and extensive (
<taxonomicName id="6FB84D5FFFCFFFA6FC67FCABFB57FCF7" box="[1018,1165,798,819]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Tyrannosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9ACCEACEFFCFFFA6FC67FCABFB57FCF7" box="[1018,1165,798,819]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Tyrannosaurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
);
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="1688349EFFCF0055FE57FC8EFA1CFC95" box="[458,1478,827,849]" gridrow="18" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<td id="55595DE2FFCF0055FE57FC8EFE30FC95" box="[458,490,827,849]" gridcol="0" gridrow="18" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">21.</td>
<td id="55595DE2FFCF0055FD9BFC8EFA1CFC95" box="[518,1478,827,849]" gridcol="1" gridrow="18" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
Maxilla, internal antorbital fossa weakly developed (
<taxonomicName id="6FB84D5FFFCFFFA6FBA9FC89FB18FC95" box="[1076,1218,828,849]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Nanotyrannus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9ACCEACEFFCFFFA6FBA9FC89FB18FC95" box="[1076,1218,828,849]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Nanotyrannus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) or extensive
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="1688349EFFCF0055FE57FCEDFA1CFCAA" box="[458,1478,856,878]" gridrow="19" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" rowspan-0="1">
<td id="55595DE2FFCF0055FD9BFCEDFA1CFCAA" box="[518,1478,856,878]" gridcol="1" gridrow="19" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
(
<taxonomicName id="6FB84D5FFFCFFFA6FD93FCECFD7BFCAA" box="[526,673,857,878]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Tyrannosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9ACCEACEFFCFFFA6FD93FCECFD7BFCAA" box="[526,673,857,878]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Tyrannosaurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
);
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="1688349EFFCF0055FE57FCC0FA1CFC4F" box="[458,1478,885,907]" gridrow="20" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<td id="55595DE2FFCF0055FE57FCC0FE30FC4F" box="[458,490,885,907]" gridcol="0" gridrow="20" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">22.</td>
<td id="55595DE2FFCF0055FD9BFCC0FA1CFC4F" box="[518,1478,885,907]" gridcol="1" gridrow="20" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
Maxilla, articulation for vomer and palatal shelves lies ventrally (
<taxonomicName id="6FB84D5FFFCFFFA6FB29FCC3FA9BFC4F" box="[1204,1345,886,907]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Nanotyrannus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9ACCEACEFFCFFFA6FB29FCC3FA9BFC4F" box="[1204,1345,886,907]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Nanotyrannus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) or elevated
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="1688349EFFCF0055FE57FC27FA1CFC6C" box="[458,1478,914,936]" gridrow="21" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" rowspan-0="1">
<td id="55595DE2FFCF0055FD9BFC27FA1CFC6C" box="[518,1478,914,936]" gridcol="1" gridrow="21" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
well above interdental plates (
<taxonomicName id="6FB84D5FFFCFFFA6FCD8FC26FC02FC6C" box="[837,984,915,936]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Tyrannosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9ACCEACEFFCFFFA6FCD8FC26FC02FC6C" box="[837,984,915,936]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Tyrannosaurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
);
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="1688349EFFCF0055FE57FC05FA1CFC02" box="[458,1478,944,966]" gridrow="22" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<td id="55595DE2FFCF0055FE57FC05FE30FC02" box="[458,490,944,966]" gridcol="0" gridrow="22" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">23.</td>
<td id="55595DE2FFCF0055FD9BFC05FA1CFC02" box="[518,1478,944,966]" gridcol="1" gridrow="22" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
Maxilla, occlusal pits weakly developed or absent (
<taxonomicName id="6FB84D5FFFCFFFA6FBBFFC05FB6AFC01" box="[1058,1200,944,965]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Nanotyrannus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9ACCEACEFFCFFFA6FBBFFC05FB6AFC01" box="[1058,1200,944,965]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Nanotyrannus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) or well-developed and
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="1688349EFFCF0055FE57FC78FA1CFC27" box="[458,1478,973,995]" gridrow="23" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" rowspan-0="1">
<td id="55595DE2FFCF0055FD9BFC78FA1CFC27" box="[518,1478,973,995]" gridcol="1" gridrow="23" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
prominent on inside of maxilla (
<taxonomicName id="6FB84D5FFFCFFFA6FCC7FC7BFC37FC27" box="[858,1005,974,995]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Tyrannosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9ACCEACEFFCFFFA6FCC7FC7BFC37FC27" box="[858,1005,974,995]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Tyrannosaurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
);
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="1688349EFFCF0055FE57FC5FFA1CFBC4" box="[458,1478,1002,1024]" gridrow="24" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<td id="55595DE2FFCF0055FE57FC5FFE30FBC4" box="[458,490,1002,1024]" gridcol="0" gridrow="24" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">24.</td>
<td id="55595DE2FFCF0055FD9BFC5FFA1CFBC4" box="[518,1478,1002,1024]" gridcol="1" gridrow="24" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
Maxilla extends caudally under orbit (
<taxonomicName id="6FB84D5FFFCFFFA6FC01FC5EFBF0FBC4" box="[924,1066,1003,1024]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Nanotyrannus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9ACCEACEFFCFFFA6FC01FC5EFBF0FBC4" box="[924,1066,1003,1024]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Nanotyrannus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) or only as far as beneath the lacrimal
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="1688349EFFCF0055FE57FBB2FA1CFBD9" box="[458,1478,1031,1053]" gridrow="25" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" rowspan-0="1">
<td id="55595DE2FFCF0055FD9BFBB2FA1CFBD9" box="[518,1478,1031,1053]" gridcol="1" gridrow="25" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
bar (
<taxonomicName id="6FB84D5FFFCFFFA6FDA5FBBDFD11FBD9" box="[568,715,1032,1053]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Tyrannosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9ACCEACEFFCFFFA6FDA5FBBDFD11FBD9" box="[568,715,1032,1053]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Tyrannosaurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) *;
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="1688349EFFCF0055FE57FB91FA1CFBFF" box="[458,1478,1060,1083]" gridrow="26" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<td id="55595DE2FFCF0055FE57FB91FE30FBFF" box="[458,490,1060,1083]" gridcol="0" gridrow="26" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">25.</td>
<td id="55595DE2FFCF0055FD9BFB91FA1CFBFF" box="[518,1478,1060,1083]" gridcol="1" gridrow="26" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
Maxilla, maxilla-palatine contact straight (
<taxonomicName id="6FB84D5FFFCFFFA6FC58FB90FB89FBFE" box="[965,1107,1061,1082]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Nanotyrannus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9ACCEACEFFCFFFA6FC58FB90FB89FBFE" box="[965,1107,1061,1082]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Nanotyrannus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) strongly curved (
<taxonomicName id="6FB84D5FFFCFFFA6FA8AFB90FA70FBFE" box="[1303,1450,1061,1082]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Tyrannosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9ACCEACEFFCFFFA6FA8AFB90FA70FBFE" box="[1303,1450,1061,1082]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Tyrannosaurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
).
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="1688349EFFCF0055FE57FBFAFA1CFBA0" box="[458,1478,1103,1124]" gridrow="27" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<td id="55595DE2FFCF0055FE57FBFAFA1CFBA0" box="[458,1478,1103,1124]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" gridcol="0" gridrow="27" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<heading id="F34F81B0FFCFFFA6FE51FBFAFDCFFBA0" bold="true" box="[460,533,1103,1124]" fontSize="9" level="2" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" reason="2">
<emphasis id="9ACCEACEFFCFFFA6FE51FBFAFDCFFBA0" bold="true" box="[460,533,1103,1124]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Nasals</emphasis>
</heading>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="1688349EFFCF0055FE57FBCFFA1CFB54" box="[458,1478,1146,1168]" gridrow="28" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<td id="55595DE2FFCF0055FE57FBCFFE30FB54" box="[458,490,1146,1168]" gridcol="0" gridrow="28" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">26.</td>
<td id="55595DE2FFCF0055FD9BFBCFFA1CFB54" box="[518,1478,1146,1168]" gridcol="1" gridrow="28" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
Nasals, nasal premaxillary processes wide in dorsal view (
<taxonomicName id="6FB84D5FFFCFFFA6FBF2FBCFFB27FB4B" box="[1135,1277,1146,1167]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Nanotyrannus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9ACCEACEFFCFFFA6FBF2FBCFFB27FB4B" box="[1135,1277,1146,1167]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Nanotyrannus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) or narrow where
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="1688349EFFCF0055FE57FB22FA1CFB69" box="[458,1478,1175,1197]" gridrow="29" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" rowspan-0="1">
<td id="55595DE2FFCF0055FD9BFB22FA1CFB69" box="[518,1478,1175,1197]" gridcol="1" gridrow="29" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
they approach and clasp premaxillae (
<taxonomicName id="6FB84D5FFFCFFFA6FC07FB2DFBF7FB69" box="[922,1069,1176,1197]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Tyrannosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9ACCEACEFFCFFFA6FC07FB2DFBF7FB69" box="[922,1069,1176,1197]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Tyrannosaurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) †;
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="1688349EFFCF0055FE57FB01FA1CFB0E" box="[458,1478,1204,1226]" gridrow="30" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<td id="55595DE2FFCF0055FE57FB01FE30FB0E" box="[458,490,1204,1226]" gridcol="0" gridrow="30" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">27.</td>
<td id="55595DE2FFCF0055FD9BFB01FA1CFB0E" box="[518,1478,1204,1226]" gridcol="1" gridrow="30" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
Nasals, nasals narrow (
<taxonomicName id="6FB84D5FFFCFFFA6FD61FB00FC50FB0E" box="[764,906,1205,1226]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Nanotyrannus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9ACCEACEFFCFFFA6FD61FB00FC50FB0E" box="[764,906,1205,1226]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Nanotyrannus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) versus transversely broad (
<taxonomicName id="6FB84D5FFFCFFFA6FB2AFB00FA90FB0E" box="[1207,1354,1205,1226]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Tyrannosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9ACCEACEFFCFFFA6FB2AFB00FA90FB0E" box="[1207,1354,1205,1226]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Tyrannosaurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) †;
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="1688349EFFCF0055FE57FB64FA1CFB23" box="[458,1478,1233,1255]" gridrow="31" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<td id="55595DE2FFCF0055FE57FB64FE30FB23" box="[458,490,1233,1255]" gridcol="0" gridrow="31" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">28.</td>
<td id="55595DE2FFCF0055FD9BFB64FA1CFB23" box="[518,1478,1233,1255]" gridcol="1" gridrow="31" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
Nasals, nasals relatively flat and low in lateral view (
<taxonomicName id="6FB84D5FFFCFFFA6FBA9FB67FB18FB23" box="[1076,1218,1234,1255]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Nanotyrannus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9ACCEACEFFCFFFA6FBA9FB67FB18FB23" box="[1076,1218,1234,1255]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Nanotyrannus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) versus strongly arched
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="1688349EFFCF0055FE57FB5AFA1CFAC1" box="[458,1478,1263,1285]" gridrow="32" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" rowspan-0="1">
<td id="55595DE2FFCF0055FD9BFB5AFA1CFAC1" box="[518,1478,1263,1285]" gridcol="1" gridrow="32" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
transversely and tall in lateral view (
<taxonomicName id="6FB84D5FFFCFFFA6FC17FB5AFBC7FAC0" box="[906,1053,1263,1284]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Tyrannosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9ACCEACEFFCFFFA6FC17FB5AFBC7FAC0" box="[906,1053,1263,1284]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Tyrannosaurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) *,
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="1688349EFFCF0055FE57FAB9FA1CFAE6" box="[458,1478,1292,1314]" gridrow="33" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<td id="55595DE2FFCF0055FE57FAB9FE30FAE6" box="[458,490,1292,1314]" gridcol="0" gridrow="33" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">29.</td>
<td id="55595DE2FFCF0055FD9BFAB9FA1CFAE6" box="[518,1478,1292,1314]" gridcol="1" gridrow="33" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
Nasals, nasals broad posteriorly where they contact the frontals (
<taxonomicName id="6FB84D5FFFCFFFA6FB2EFAB9FA9BFAE5" box="[1203,1345,1292,1313]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Nanotyrannus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9ACCEACEFFCFFFA6FB2EFAB9FA9BFAE5" box="[1203,1345,1292,1313]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Nanotyrannus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) versus
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="1688349EFFCF0055FE57FA9CFA1CFAFB" box="[458,1478,1321,1343]" gridrow="34" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" rowspan-0="1">
<td id="55595DE2FFCF0055FD9BFA9CFA1CFAFB" box="[518,1478,1321,1343]" gridcol="1" gridrow="34" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
narrow and strongly tapered posteriorly where they contact the frontals (
<taxonomicName id="6FB84D5FFFCFFFA6FA96FA9FFA44FAFB" box="[1291,1438,1322,1343]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Tyrannosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9ACCEACEFFCFFFA6FA96FA9FFA44FAFB" box="[1291,1438,1322,1343]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Tyrannosaurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) *;
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="1688349EFFCF0055FE57FAF3FA1CFA98" box="[458,1478,1350,1372]" gridrow="35" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<td id="55595DE2FFCF0055FE57FAF3FE30FA98" box="[458,490,1350,1372]" gridcol="0" gridrow="35" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">30.</td>
<td id="55595DE2FFCF0055FD9BFAF3FA1CFA98" box="[518,1478,1350,1372]" gridcol="1" gridrow="35" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
Nasals, nasals form a relatively smooth contact with maxillae (
<taxonomicName id="6FB84D5FFFCFFFA6FB06FAF2FAF3FA98" box="[1179,1321,1351,1372]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Nanotyrannus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9ACCEACEFFCFFFA6FB06FAF2FAF3FA98" box="[1179,1321,1351,1372]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Nanotyrannus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) versus a
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="1688349EFFCF0055FE57FAD6FA1CFABD" box="[458,1478,1379,1401]" gridrow="36" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" rowspan-0="1">
<td id="55595DE2FFCF0055FD9BFAD6FA1CFABD" box="[518,1478,1379,1401]" gridcol="1" gridrow="36" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
strongly interdigitating contact with notches fitting into the maxillae (
<taxonomicName id="6FB84D5FFFCFFFA6FB7AFAD1FAA0FABD" box="[1255,1402,1380,1401]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Tyrannosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9ACCEACEFFCFFFA6FB7AFAD1FAA0FABD" box="[1255,1402,1380,1401]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Tyrannosaurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) *;
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="1688349EFFCF0055FE57FA34FA1CFA53" box="[458,1478,1409,1431]" gridrow="37" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<td id="55595DE2FFCF0055FE57FA34FE30FA53" box="[458,490,1409,1431]" gridcol="0" gridrow="37" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">31.</td>
<td id="55595DE2FFCF0055FD9BFA34FA1CFA53" box="[518,1478,1409,1431]" gridcol="1" gridrow="37" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
Nasals, nasals flat posteriorly (
<taxonomicName id="6FB84D5FFFCFFFA6FCD6FA34FC03FA52" box="[843,985,1409,1430]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Nanotyrannus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9ACCEACEFFCFFFA6FCD6FA34FC03FA52" box="[843,985,1409,1430]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Nanotyrannus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) or with a dorsal depression or groove, and
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="1688349EFFCF0055FE57FA2BFA1CFA70" box="[458,1478,1438,1460]" gridrow="38" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" rowspan-0="1">
<td id="55595DE2FFCF0055FD9BFA2BFA1CFA70" box="[518,1478,1438,1460]" gridcol="1" gridrow="38" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
lateral edges of nasals upturned to contribute to nasolacrimal ridge (
<taxonomicName id="6FB84D5FFFCFFFA6FB47FA2AFAB7FA70" box="[1242,1389,1439,1460]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Tyrannosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9ACCEACEFFCFFFA6FB47FA2AFAB7FA70" box="[1242,1389,1439,1460]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Tyrannosaurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) †.
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="1688349EFFCF0055FE57FA7DFA1CFA1A" box="[458,1478,1480,1502]" gridrow="39" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<td id="55595DE2FFCF0055FE57FA7DFA1CFA1A" box="[458,1478,1480,1502]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" gridcol="0" gridrow="39" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<heading id="F34F81B0FFCFFFA6FE51FA7DFDF6FA1A" bold="true" box="[460,556,1480,1502]" fontSize="9" level="2" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" reason="2">
<emphasis id="9ACCEACEFFCFFFA6FE51FA7DFDF6FA1A" bold="true" box="[460,556,1480,1502]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Lacrimal</emphasis>
</heading>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="1688349EFFCF0055FE57FA46FA1CF9CD" box="[458,1478,1523,1545]" gridrow="40" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<td id="55595DE2FFCF0055FE57FA46FE30F9CD" box="[458,490,1523,1545]" gridcol="0" gridrow="40" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">32.</td>
<td id="55595DE2FFCF0055FD9BFA46FA1CF9CD" box="[518,1478,1523,1545]" gridcol="1" gridrow="40" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Lacrimal, lacrimal L-shaped in lateral view, anterior and ventral rami diverging at</td>
</tr>
<tr id="1688349EFFCF0055FE57F9A5FA1CF9E2" box="[458,1478,1552,1574]" gridrow="41" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" rowspan-0="1">
<td id="55595DE2FFCF0055FD9BF9A5FA1CF9E2" box="[518,1478,1552,1574]" gridcol="1" gridrow="41" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
approximately a right angle (
<taxonomicName id="6FB84D5FFFCFFFA6FCA6F9A4FC13F9E2" box="[827,969,1553,1574]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Nanotyrannus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9ACCEACEFFCFFFA6FCA6F9A4FC13F9E2" box="[827,969,1553,1574]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Nanotyrannus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) or anterior and ventral rami diverging at an
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="1688349EFFCF0055FE57F998FA1CF987" box="[458,1478,1581,1603]" gridrow="42" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" rowspan-0="1">
<td id="55595DE2FFCF0055FD9BF998FA1CF987" box="[518,1478,1581,1603]" gridcol="1" gridrow="42" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
acute angle in lateral view (
<taxonomicName id="6FB84D5FFFCFFFA6FCB7F99BFC67F987" box="[810,957,1582,1603]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Tyrannosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9ACCEACEFFCFFFA6FCB7F99BFC67F987" box="[810,957,1582,1603]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Tyrannosaurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) *;
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="1688349EFFCF0055FE57F9FEFA1CF9A5" box="[458,1478,1611,1633]" gridrow="43" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<td id="55595DE2FFCF0055FE57F9FEFE30F9A5" box="[458,490,1611,1633]" gridcol="0" gridrow="43" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">33.</td>
<td id="55595DE2FFCF0055FD9BF9FEFA1CF9A5" box="[518,1478,1611,1633]" gridcol="1" gridrow="43" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
Lacrimal, anterior process similar to ventral process in length (
<taxonomicName id="6FB84D5FFFCFFFA6FB01F9FEFAF0F9A4" box="[1180,1322,1611,1632]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Nanotyrannus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9ACCEACEFFCFFFA6FB01F9FEFAF0F9A4" box="[1180,1322,1611,1632]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Nanotyrannus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) or anterior
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="1688349EFFCF0055FE57F9DDFA1CF9BA" box="[458,1478,1640,1662]" gridrow="44" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" rowspan-0="1">
<td id="55595DE2FFCF0055FD9BF9DDFA1CF9BA" box="[518,1478,1640,1662]" gridcol="1" gridrow="44" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
process much shorter than ventral process (
<taxonomicName id="6FB84D5FFFCFFFA6FC4FF9DDFBBFF9B9" box="[978,1125,1640,1661]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Tyrannosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9ACCEACEFFCFFFA6FC4FF9DDFBBFF9B9" box="[978,1125,1640,1661]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Tyrannosaurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) †;
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="1688349EFFCF0055FE57F930FA1CF95F" box="[458,1478,1669,1691]" gridrow="45" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<td id="55595DE2FFCF0055FE57F930FE30F95F" box="[458,490,1669,1691]" gridcol="0" gridrow="45" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">34.</td>
<td id="55595DE2FFCF0055FD9BF930FA1CF95F" box="[518,1478,1669,1691]" gridcol="1" gridrow="45" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
Lacrimal, lacrimal with a low, crescent-shaped lacrimal horn (
<taxonomicName id="6FB84D5FFFCFFFA6FB0FF933FAFAF95F" box="[1170,1312,1670,1691]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Nanotyrannus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9ACCEACEFFCFFFA6FB0FF933FAFAF95F" box="[1170,1312,1670,1691]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Nanotyrannus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) or lacrimal
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="1688349EFFCF0055FE57F917FA1CF97C" box="[458,1478,1698,1720]" gridrow="46" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" rowspan-0="1">
<td id="55595DE2FFCF0055FD9BF917FA1CF97C" box="[518,1478,1698,1720]" gridcol="1" gridrow="46" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
horn reduced to a low, broad rugosity (
<taxonomicName id="6FB84D5FFFCFFFA6FC39F916FBEDF97C" box="[932,1079,1699,1720]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Tyrannosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9ACCEACEFFCFFFA6FC39F916FBEDF97C" box="[932,1079,1699,1720]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Tyrannosaurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) †;
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="1688349EFFCF0055FE57F90AFA1CF911" box="[458,1478,1727,1749]" gridrow="47" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<td id="55595DE2FFCF0055FE57F90AFE30F911" box="[458,490,1727,1749]" gridcol="0" gridrow="47" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">35.</td>
<td id="55595DE2FFCF0055FD9BF90AFA1CF911" box="[518,1478,1727,1749]" gridcol="1" gridrow="47" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
Lacrimal, lacrimal horn mediolaterally narrow and with a narrow apex (
<taxonomicName id="6FB84D5FFFCFFFA6FA9EF975FA4BF911" box="[1283,1425,1728,1749]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Nanotyrannus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9ACCEACEFFCFFFA6FA9EF975FA4BF911" box="[1283,1425,1728,1749]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Nanotyrannus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) or
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="1688349EFFCF0055FE57F968FA1CF937" box="[458,1478,1757,1779]" gridrow="48" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" rowspan-0="1">
<td id="55595DE2FFCF0055FD9BF968FA1CF937" box="[518,1478,1757,1779]" gridcol="1" gridrow="48" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
strongly inflated and a transversely broad, rounded apex (
<taxonomicName id="6FB84D5FFFCFFFA6FBF2F968FAD8F936" box="[1135,1282,1757,1778]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Tyrannosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9ACCEACEFFCFFFA6FBF2F968FAD8F936" box="[1135,1282,1757,1778]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Tyrannosaurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) *;
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="1688349EFFCF0055FE57F94FFA1CF8D4" box="[458,1478,1786,1808]" gridrow="49" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<td id="55595DE2FFCF0055FE57F94FFE30F8D4" box="[458,490,1786,1808]" gridcol="0" gridrow="49" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">36.</td>
<td id="55595DE2FFCF0055FD9BF94FFA1CF8D4" box="[518,1478,1786,1808]" gridcol="1" gridrow="49" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Lacrimal, lacrimal horn with a broad, strongly emarginated pneumatic excavation with</td>
</tr>
<tr id="1688349EFFCF0055FE57F8A2FA1CF8E9" box="[458,1478,1815,1837]" gridrow="50" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" rowspan-0="1">
<td id="55595DE2FFCF0055FD9BF8A2FA1CF8E9" box="[518,1478,1815,1837]" gridcol="1" gridrow="50" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
multiple large foramina (
<taxonomicName id="6FB84D5FFFCFFFA6FC8DF8ADFC44F8E9" box="[784,926,1816,1837]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Nanotyrannus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9ACCEACEFFCFFFA6FC8DF8ADFC44F8E9" box="[784,926,1816,1837]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Nanotyrannus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) versus reduced pneumatic excavation with a small
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="1688349EFFCF0055FE57F881FA1CF88E" box="[458,1478,1844,1866]" gridrow="51" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" rowspan-0="1">
<td id="55595DE2FFCF0055FD9BF881FA1CF88E" box="[518,1478,1844,1866]" gridcol="1" gridrow="51" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
foramen (
<taxonomicName id="6FB84D5FFFCFFFA6FDF3F880FCDBF88E" box="[622,769,1845,1866]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Tyrannosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9ACCEACEFFCFFFA6FDF3F880FCDBF88E" box="[622,769,1845,1866]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Tyrannosaurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) *;
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="1688349EFFCF0055FE57F8E7FA1CF8AC" box="[458,1478,1874,1896]" gridrow="52" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<td id="55595DE2FFCF0055FE57F8E7FE30F8AC" box="[458,490,1874,1896]" gridcol="0" gridrow="52" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">37.</td>
<td id="55595DE2FFCF0055FD9BF8E7FA1CF8AC" box="[518,1478,1874,1896]" gridcol="1" gridrow="52" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Lacrimal, broad development of antorbital fossa on base of lacrimal ventral ramus</td>
</tr>
<tr id="1688349EFFCF0055FE57F8DAFA1CF841" box="[458,1478,1903,1925]" gridrow="53" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" rowspan-0="1">
<td id="55595DE2FFCF0055FD9BF8DAFA1CF841" box="[518,1478,1903,1925]" gridcol="1" gridrow="53" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
(
<taxonomicName id="6FB84D5FFFCFFFA6FD93F8DAFD43F840" box="[526,665,1903,1924]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Nanotyrannus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9ACCEACEFFCFFFA6FD93F8DAFD43F840" box="[526,665,1903,1924]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Nanotyrannus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) versus anteroposteriorly narrow exposure of antorbital fossa (
<taxonomicName id="6FB84D5FFFCFFFA6FAB4F8DAFA63F840" box="[1321,1465,1903,1924]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Tyrannosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9ACCEACEFFCFFFA6FAB4F8DAFA63F840" box="[1321,1465,1903,1924]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Tyrannosaurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
);
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="1688349EFFCF0055FE57F839FA1CF866" box="[458,1478,1932,1954]" gridrow="54" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<td id="55595DE2FFCF0055FE57F839FE30F866" box="[458,490,1932,1954]" gridcol="0" gridrow="54" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">38.</td>
<td id="55595DE2FFCF0055FD9BF839FA1CF866" box="[518,1478,1932,1954]" gridcol="1" gridrow="54" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
Lacrimal, orbital bar strongly curved (
<taxonomicName id="6FB84D5FFFCFFFA6FC07F838FBF2F866" box="[922,1064,1933,1954]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Nanotyrannus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9ACCEACEFFCFFFA6FC07F838FBF2F866" box="[922,1064,1933,1954]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Nanotyrannus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) versus relatively straight
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="1688349EFFCF0055FE57F81CFA1CF87B" box="[458,1478,1961,1983]" gridrow="55" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" rowspan-0="1">
<td id="55595DE2FFCF0055FD9BF81CFA1CF87B" box="[518,1478,1961,1983]" gridcol="1" gridrow="55" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
(
<taxonomicName id="6FB84D5FFFCFFFA6FD93F81FFD7BF87B" box="[526,673,1962,1983]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Tyrannosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9ACCEACEFFCFFFA6FD93F81FFD7BF87B" box="[526,673,1962,1983]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Tyrannosaurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) †;
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="1688349EFFCF0055FE57F873FA1CF818" box="[458,1478,1990,2012]" gridrow="56" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<td id="55595DE2FFCF0055FE57F873FE30F818" box="[458,490,1990,2012]" gridcol="0" gridrow="56" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">39.</td>
<td id="55595DE2FFCF0055FD9BF873FA1CF818" box="[518,1478,1990,2012]" gridcol="1" gridrow="56" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
Lacrimal, bone T-shaped in lateral view, with a large posterior process (
<taxonomicName id="6FB84D5FFFCFFFA6FB64F872FA5DF818" box="[1273,1415,1991,2012]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Nanotyrannus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9ACCEACEFFCFFFA6FB64F872FA5DF818" box="[1273,1415,1991,2012]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Nanotyrannus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) or
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="1688349EFFCF0055FE57F851FA1CF83E" box="[458,1478,2020,2042]" gridrow="57" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<td id="55595DE2FFCF0055FE57F851FA1CF83E" box="[458,1478,2020,2042]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" gridcol="0" gridrow="57" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
L-shaped, with a short posterior process (
<taxonomicName id="6FB84D5FFFCFFFA6FC20F851FB8AF83D" box="[957,1104,2020,2041]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Tyrannosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9ACCEACEFFCFFFA6FC20F851FB8AF83D" box="[957,1104,2020,2041]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Tyrannosaurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) *;
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<caption id="FCC76654FFCEFFA7FE26FF5AFD97FEC1" box="[443,589,239,261]" isContinuationCaption="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" startId="13.[443,503,239,260]" targetBox="[460,1478,301,2095]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="13" targetType="table">
<paragraph id="A80736DCFFCEFFA7FE26FF5AFD97FEC1" blockId="13.[443,589,239,261]" box="[443,589,239,261]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<emphasis id="9ACCEACEFFCEFFA7FE26FF5AFDD5FEC0" bold="true" box="[443,527,239,260]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Table 4.</emphasis>
Cont.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="A80736DCFFCEFFA7FE51FE98FB23F7EA" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<table id="DAB8C47CFFCE0055FE51FE98FA1CF7EB" box="[460,1478,301,2095]" colsContinueFrom="12.[458,1478,301,2042]" colsContinueIn="14.[460,1479,301,2092]" gridcols="2" gridrows="26" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<tr id="1688349EFFCE0055FE51FE98FA1CFEA4" box="[460,1478,301,352]" gridrow="0" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<th id="55595DE2FFCE0055FE51FE98FE30FEA4" box="[460,490,301,352]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">40.</th>
<th id="55595DE2FFCE0055FD9BFE98FA1CFEA4" box="[518,1478,301,352]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
Lacrimal, lacrimal with low medial flange (
<taxonomicName id="6FB84D5FFFCEFFA7FC52FE98FB87FE86" box="[975,1117,301,322]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Nanotyrannus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9ACCEACEFFCEFFA7FC52FE98FB87FE86" box="[975,1117,301,322]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Nanotyrannus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) or prominent medial flange (
<taxonomicName id="6FB84D5FFFCEFFA7FD93FEFEFD7BFEA4" box="[526,673,331,352]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Tyrannosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9ACCEACEFFCEFFA7FD93FEFEFD7BFEA4" box="[526,673,331,352]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Tyrannosaurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
);
</th>
</tr>
<tr id="1688349EFFCE0055FE51FED2FA1CFE5E" box="[460,1478,359,410]" gridrow="1" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<td id="55595DE2FFCE0055FE51FED2FE30FE5E" box="[460,490,359,410]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">41.</td>
<td id="55595DE2FFCE0055FD9BFED2FA1CFE5E" box="[518,1478,359,410]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
Lacrimal, medial surface with a small foramen in antorbital fossa (
<taxonomicName id="6FB84D5FFFCEFFA7FB5EFEDDFA8BFEB9" box="[1219,1361,360,381]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Nanotyrannus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9ACCEACEFFCEFFA7FB5EFEDDFA8BFEB9" box="[1219,1361,360,381]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Nanotyrannus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) or enlarged pneumatic opening in the antorbital fossa (
<taxonomicName id="6FB84D5FFFCEFFA7FBADFE30FB19FE5E" box="[1072,1219,389,410]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Tyrannosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9ACCEACEFFCEFFA7FBADFE30FB19FE5E" box="[1072,1219,389,410]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Tyrannosaurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
);
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="1688349EFFCE0055FE51FE17FA1CFE11" box="[460,1478,418,469]" gridrow="2" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<td id="55595DE2FFCE0055FE51FE17FE30FE11" box="[460,490,418,469]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">42.</td>
<td id="55595DE2FFCE0055FD9BFE17FA1CFE11" box="[518,1478,418,469]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
Lacrimal, large, shallow depression on medial surface of lacrimal (
<taxonomicName id="6FB84D5FFFCEFFA7FB59FE17FA88FE73" box="[1220,1362,418,439]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Nanotyrannus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9ACCEACEFFCEFFA7FB59FE17FA88FE73" box="[1220,1362,418,439]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Nanotyrannus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) or small deep fossa (
<taxonomicName id="6FB84D5FFFCEFFA7FD19FE75FCCDFE11" box="[644,791,448,469]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Tyrannosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9ACCEACEFFCEFFA7FD19FE75FCCDFE11" box="[644,791,448,469]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Tyrannosaurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
).
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="1688349EFFCE0055FE51FE5FFA1CFD83" box="[460,1478,490,583]" gridrow="3" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<td id="55595DE2FFCE0055FE51FE5FFA1CFD83" box="[460,1478,490,583]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<heading id="F34F81B0FFCEFFA7FE51FE5FFDFFFE3B" bold="true" box="[460,549,490,511]" fontSize="9" level="2" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" reason="2">
<emphasis id="9ACCEACEFFCEFFA7FE51FE5FFDFFFE3B" bold="true" box="[460,549,490,511]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Frontals</emphasis>
</heading>
43. Frontals, frontals participate in orbital margin (
<taxonomicName id="6FB84D5FFFCEFFA7FC65FDA0FB5CFDEE" box="[1016,1158,533,554]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Nanotyrannus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9ACCEACEFFCEFFA7FC65FDA0FB5CFDEE" box="[1016,1158,533,554]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Nanotyrannus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) or excluded from orbit by postorbital-lacrimal contact (
<taxonomicName id="6FB84D5FFFCEFFA7FCAAFD87FC10FD83" box="[823,970,562,583]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Tyrannosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9ACCEACEFFCEFFA7FCAAFD87FC10FD83" box="[823,970,562,583]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Tyrannosaurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) †;
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="1688349EFFCE0055FE51FDFBFA1CFD45" box="[460,1478,590,641]" gridrow="4" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<td id="55595DE2FFCE0055FE51FDFBFE30FD45" box="[460,490,590,641]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">44.</td>
<td id="55595DE2FFCE0055FD9BFDFBFA1CFD45" box="[518,1478,590,641]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
Frontals, frontal table long and narrow in dorsal view (
<taxonomicName id="6FB84D5FFFCEFFA7FBDFFDFAFB14FDA0" box="[1090,1230,591,612]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Nanotyrannus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9ACCEACEFFCEFFA7FBDFFDFAFB14FDA0" box="[1090,1230,591,612]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Nanotyrannus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) versus short and wide (
<taxonomicName id="6FB84D5FFFCEFFA7FD93FDD9FD7BFD45" box="[526,673,620,641]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Tyrannosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9ACCEACEFFCEFFA7FD93FDD9FD7BFD45" box="[526,673,620,641]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Tyrannosaurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) †;
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="1688349EFFCE0055FE51FD3CFA1CFD78" box="[460,1478,649,700]" gridrow="5" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<td id="55595DE2FFCE0055FE51FD3CFE30FD78" box="[460,490,649,700]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">45.</td>
<td id="55595DE2FFCE0055FD9BFD3CFA1CFD78" box="[518,1478,649,700]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
Frontal, short contribution of frontal to sagittal crest, with parietal forming most of the crest (
<taxonomicName id="6FB84D5FFFCEFFA7FD93FD12FD46FD78" box="[526,668,679,700]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Nanotyrannus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9ACCEACEFFCEFFA7FD93FD12FD46FD78" box="[526,668,679,700]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Nanotyrannus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) or long frontal contribution to sagittal crest (
<taxonomicName id="6FB84D5FFFCEFFA7FBE3FD12FACBFD78" box="[1150,1297,679,700]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Tyrannosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9ACCEACEFFCEFFA7FBE3FD12FACBFD78" box="[1150,1297,679,700]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Tyrannosaurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) †;
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="1688349EFFCE0055FE51FD76FA1CFCD0" box="[460,1478,707,788]" gridrow="6" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<td id="55595DE2FFCE0055FE51FD76FE30FCD0" box="[460,490,707,788]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">46. 47.</td>
<td id="55595DE2FFCE0055FD9BFD76FA1CFCD0" box="[518,1478,707,788]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
Frontals, supratemporal fossae short (
<taxonomicName id="6FB84D5FFFCEFFA7FC0AFD71FBFFFD1D" box="[919,1061,708,729]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Nanotyrannus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9ACCEACEFFCEFFA7FC0AFD71FBFFFD1D" box="[919,1061,708,729]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Nanotyrannus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) versus very long (
<taxonomicName id="6FB84D5FFFCEFFA7FB6CFD71FA5EFD1D" box="[1265,1412,708,729]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Tyrannosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9ACCEACEFFCEFFA7FB6CFD71FA5EFD1D" box="[1265,1412,708,729]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Tyrannosaurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) *; Frontals, frontals broad anteriorly between lacrimals (
<taxonomicName id="6FB84D5FFFCEFFA7FBA2FD54FB17FD32" box="[1087,1229,737,758]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Nanotyrannus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9ACCEACEFFCEFFA7FBA2FD54FB17FD32" box="[1087,1229,737,758]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Nanotyrannus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) versus strongly constricted between lacrimals (
<taxonomicName id="6FB84D5FFFCEFFA7FCD2FD4BFC38FCD7" box="[847,994,766,787]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Tyrannosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9ACCEACEFFCEFFA7FCD2FD4BFC38FCD7" box="[847,994,766,787]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Tyrannosaurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) †;
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="1688349EFFCE0055FE51FCAEFA1CFC8A" box="[460,1478,795,846]" gridrow="7" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<td id="55595DE2FFCE0055FE51FCAEFE30FC8A" box="[460,490,795,846]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">48.</td>
<td id="55595DE2FFCE0055FD9BFCAEFA1CFC8A" box="[518,1478,795,846]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
Frontals, supratemporal fossa with a concave anterior margin (
<taxonomicName id="6FB84D5FFFCEFFA7FB02FCA9FAF7FCF5" box="[1183,1325,796,817]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Nanotyrannus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9ACCEACEFFCEFFA7FB02FCA9FAF7FCF5" box="[1183,1325,796,817]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Nanotyrannus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) or S-shaped margin of supratemporal fossae, being strongly extended forward medially (
<taxonomicName id="6FB84D5FFFCEFFA7FABAFC8CFA62FC8A" box="[1319,1464,825,846]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Tyrannosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9ACCEACEFFCEFFA7FABAFC8CFA62FC8A" box="[1319,1464,825,846]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Tyrannosaurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
);
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="1688349EFFCE0055FE51FCE0FA1CFC62" box="[460,1478,853,934]" gridrow="8" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<td id="55595DE2FFCE0055FE51FCE0FE30FC62" box="[460,490,853,934]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">49.</td>
<td id="55595DE2FFCE0055FD9BFCE0FA1CFC62" box="[518,1478,853,934]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
Frontals, distinct downflex of supratemporal fossae relative to frontal table absent (
<taxonomicName id="6FB84D5FFFCEFFA7FD93FCC6FD40FC4C" box="[526,666,883,904]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Nanotyrannus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9ACCEACEFFCEFFA7FD93FCC6FD40FC4C" box="[526,666,883,904]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Nanotyrannus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) or present, and supratemporal fossae distinctly sloped downward relative to (
<taxonomicName id="6FB84D5FFFCEFFA7FD93FC24FD7BFC62" box="[526,673,913,934]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Tyrannosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9ACCEACEFFCEFFA7FD93FC24FD7BFC62" box="[526,673,913,934]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Tyrannosaurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) †;
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="1688349EFFCE0055FE51FC18FA1CFC24" box="[460,1478,941,992]" gridrow="9" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<td id="55595DE2FFCE0055FE51FC18FE30FC24" box="[460,490,941,992]" gridcol="0" gridrow="9" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">50.</td>
<td id="55595DE2FFCE0055FD9BFC18FA1CFC24" box="[518,1478,941,992]" gridcol="1" gridrow="9" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
Frontals, frontal-postorbital suture shallow in lateral view (
<taxonomicName id="6FB84D5FFFCEFFA7FBEEFC1BFADAFC07" box="[1139,1280,942,963]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Nanotyrannus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9ACCEACEFFCEFFA7FBEEFC1BFADAFC07" box="[1139,1280,942,963]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Nanotyrannus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) or dorsoventrally extensive (
<taxonomicName id="6FB84D5FFFCEFFA7FDE5FC7EFCD1FC24" box="[632,779,971,992]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Tyrannosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9ACCEACEFFCEFFA7FDE5FC7EFCD1FC24" box="[632,779,971,992]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Tyrannosaurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) †.
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="1688349EFFCE0055FE51FC40FA1CFB97" box="[460,1478,1013,1107]" gridrow="10" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<td id="55595DE2FFCE0055FE51FC40FA1CFB97" box="[460,1478,1013,1107]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" gridcol="0" gridrow="10" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<heading id="F34F81B0FFCEFFA7FE51FC40FDFAFBCF" bold="true" box="[460,544,1013,1035]" fontSize="9" level="2" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" reason="2">
<emphasis id="9ACCEACEFFCEFFA7FE51FC40FDFAFBCF" bold="true" box="[460,544,1013,1035]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Parietal</emphasis>
</heading>
51. Parietal, nuchal crest in posterior view with pointed dorsolateral corners (
<taxonomicName id="6FB84D5FFFCEFFA7FA8CFB95FA45FBF1" box="[1297,1439,1056,1077]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Nanotyrannus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9ACCEACEFFCEFFA7FA8CFB95FA45FBF1" box="[1297,1439,1056,1077]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Nanotyrannus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) or broadly rounded (
<taxonomicName id="6FB84D5FFFCEFFA7FD55FB88FC81FB96" box="[712,859,1085,1106]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Tyrannosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9ACCEACEFFCEFFA7FD55FB88FC81FB96" box="[712,859,1085,1106]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Tyrannosaurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
);
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="1688349EFFCE0055FE51FBEFFA1CFB49" box="[460,1478,1114,1165]" gridrow="11" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<td id="55595DE2FFCE0055FE51FBEFFE30FB49" box="[460,490,1114,1165]" gridcol="0" gridrow="11" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">52.</td>
<td id="55595DE2FFCE0055FD9BFBEFFA1CFB49" box="[518,1478,1114,1165]" gridcol="1" gridrow="11" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
Parietal, posterior surface of nuchal crest with broad ridge (
<taxonomicName id="6FB84D5FFFCEFFA7FBE1FBEFFAD0FBAB" box="[1148,1290,1114,1135]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Nanotyrannus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9ACCEACEFFCEFFA7FBE1FBEFFAD0FBAB" box="[1148,1290,1114,1135]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Nanotyrannus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) or a sharp, narrow, well-defined ridge (
<taxonomicName id="6FB84D5FFFCEFFA7FCADFBCDFC19FB49" box="[816,963,1144,1165]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Tyrannosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9ACCEACEFFCEFFA7FCADFBCDFC19FB49" box="[816,963,1144,1165]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Tyrannosaurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
);
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="1688349EFFCE0055FE51FB21FA1CFB03" box="[460,1478,1172,1223]" gridrow="12" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<td id="55595DE2FFCE0055FE51FB21FE30FB03" box="[460,490,1172,1223]" gridcol="0" gridrow="12" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">53.</td>
<td id="55595DE2FFCE0055FD9BFB21FA1CFB03" box="[518,1478,1172,1223]" gridcol="1" gridrow="12" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
Parietal, parietal nuchal crest straight in dorsal view (
<taxonomicName id="6FB84D5FFFCEFFA7FBA1FB20FB10FB6E" box="[1084,1226,1173,1194]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Nanotyrannus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9ACCEACEFFCEFFA7FBA1FB20FB10FB6E" box="[1084,1226,1173,1194]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Nanotyrannus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) or arcuate, projecting back along midline and wrapping forward laterally (
<taxonomicName id="6FB84D5FFFCEFFA7FBA8FB07FB12FB03" box="[1077,1224,1202,1223]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Tyrannosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9ACCEACEFFCEFFA7FBA8FB07FB12FB03" box="[1077,1224,1202,1223]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Tyrannosaurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
).
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="1688349EFFCE0055FE51FB69FA1CFAFE" box="[460,1478,1244,1338]" gridrow="13" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<td id="55595DE2FFCE0055FE51FB69FA1CFAFE" box="[460,1478,1244,1338]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" gridcol="0" gridrow="13" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<heading id="F34F81B0FFCEFFA7FE51FB69FD9EFB36" bold="true" box="[460,580,1244,1266]" fontSize="9" level="2" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" reason="2">
<emphasis id="9ACCEACEFFCEFFA7FE51FB69FD9EFB36" bold="true" box="[460,580,1244,1266]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Postorbital</emphasis>
</heading>
54. Postorbital, postorbital with a rudimentary postorbital boss (
<taxonomicName id="6FB84D5FFFCEFFA7FB14FAB2FACDFAD8" box="[1161,1303,1287,1308]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Nanotyrannus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9ACCEACEFFCEFFA7FB14FAB2FACDFAD8" box="[1161,1303,1287,1308]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Nanotyrannus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), versus a massive, dorsoventrally extended postorbital boss (
<taxonomicName id="6FB84D5FFFCEFFA7FBBAFA91FB60FAFD" box="[1063,1210,1316,1337]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Tyrannosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9ACCEACEFFCEFFA7FBBAFA91FB60FAFD" box="[1063,1210,1316,1337]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Tyrannosaurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) *;
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="1688349EFFCE0055FE51FAF4FA1CFAB0" box="[460,1478,1345,1396]" gridrow="14" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<td id="55595DE2FFCE0055FE51FAF4FE30FAB0" box="[460,490,1345,1396]" gridcol="0" gridrow="14" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">55.</td>
<td id="55595DE2FFCE0055FD9BFAF4FA1CFAB0" box="[518,1478,1345,1396]" gridcol="1" gridrow="14" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
Postorbital, jugal process anteroposteriorly narrow (
<taxonomicName id="6FB84D5FFFCEFFA7FBB4FAF7FB6CFA93" box="[1065,1206,1346,1367]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Nanotyrannus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9ACCEACEFFCEFFA7FBB4FAF7FB6CFA93" box="[1065,1206,1346,1367]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Nanotyrannus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) versus anteroposteriorly broad (
<taxonomicName id="6FB84D5FFFCEFFA7FDCEFAEAFD3CFAB0" box="[595,742,1375,1396]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Tyrannosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9ACCEACEFFCEFFA7FDCEFAEAFD3CFAB0" box="[595,742,1375,1396]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Tyrannosaurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) *;
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="1688349EFFCE0055FE51FACEFA1CFA6B" box="[460,1478,1403,1455]" gridrow="15" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<td id="55595DE2FFCE0055FE51FACEFE30FA6B" box="[460,490,1403,1455]" gridcol="0" gridrow="15" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">56.</td>
<td id="55595DE2FFCE0055FD9BFACEFA1CFA6B" box="[518,1478,1403,1455]" gridcol="1" gridrow="15" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
Postorbital, suborbital flange rudimentary (
<taxonomicName id="6FB84D5FFFCEFFA7FC56FAC9FB8DFA55" box="[971,1111,1404,1425]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Nanotyrannus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9ACCEACEFFCEFFA7FC56FAC9FB8DFA55" box="[971,1111,1404,1425]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Nanotyrannus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) versus expanded and constricting orbit (
<taxonomicName id="6FB84D5FFFCEFFA7FDD5FA2CFD01FA6A" box="[584,731,1433,1454]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Tyrannosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9ACCEACEFFCEFFA7FDD5FA2CFD01FA6A" box="[584,731,1433,1454]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Tyrannosaurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) *;
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="1688349EFFCE0055FE51FA03FA1CFA2D" box="[460,1478,1462,1513]" gridrow="16" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<td id="55595DE2FFCE0055FE51FA03FE30FA2D" box="[460,490,1462,1513]" gridcol="0" gridrow="16" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">57.</td>
<td id="55595DE2FFCE0055FD9BFA03FA1CFA2D" box="[518,1478,1462,1513]" gridcol="1" gridrow="16" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
Postorbital, straight contact with the jugal (
<taxonomicName id="6FB84D5FFFCEFFA7FC52FA03FB87FA0F" box="[975,1117,1462,1483]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Nanotyrannus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9ACCEACEFFCEFFA7FC52FA03FB87FA0F" box="[975,1117,1462,1483]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Nanotyrannus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) versus jugal contact strongly convex (
<taxonomicName id="6FB84D5FFFCEFFA7FDFDFA61FD29FA2D" box="[608,755,1492,1513]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Tyrannosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9ACCEACEFFCEFFA7FDFDFA61FD29FA2D" box="[608,755,1492,1513]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Tyrannosaurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) *;
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="1688349EFFCE0055FE51FA45FA1CF9E7" box="[460,1478,1520,1571]" gridrow="17" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<td id="55595DE2FFCE0055FE51FA45FE30F9E7" box="[460,490,1520,1571]" gridcol="0" gridrow="17" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">58.</td>
<td id="55595DE2FFCE0055FD9BFA45FA1CF9E7" box="[518,1478,1520,1571]" gridcol="1" gridrow="17" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
Postorbital, squamosal process narrow and splintlike (
<taxonomicName id="6FB84D5FFFCEFFA7FBD9FA44FB08F9C2" box="[1092,1234,1521,1542]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Nanotyrannus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9ACCEACEFFCEFFA7FBD9FA44FB08F9C2" box="[1092,1234,1521,1542]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Nanotyrannus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) or a dorsoventrally deep, triangular structure (
<taxonomicName id="6FB84D5FFFCEFFA7FCB9F9BBFC6DF9E7" box="[804,951,1550,1571]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Tyrannosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9ACCEACEFFCEFFA7FCB9F9BBFC6DF9E7" box="[804,951,1550,1571]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Tyrannosaurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) *;
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="1688349EFFCE0055FE51F99EFA1CF99A" box="[460,1478,1579,1630]" gridrow="18" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<td id="55595DE2FFCE0055FE51F99EFE30F99A" box="[460,490,1579,1630]" gridcol="0" gridrow="18" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">59.</td>
<td id="55595DE2FFCE0055FD9BF99EFA1CF99A" box="[518,1478,1579,1630]" gridcol="1" gridrow="18" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
Postorbital, main body of postorbital shallow (
<taxonomicName id="6FB84D5FFFCEFFA7FC6EF99EFB5BF984" box="[1011,1153,1579,1600]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Nanotyrannus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9ACCEACEFFCEFFA7FC6EF99EFB5BF984" box="[1011,1153,1579,1600]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Nanotyrannus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) or dorsally extended above squamosal process (
<taxonomicName id="6FB84D5FFFCEFFA7FD46F9FCFCB4F99A" box="[731,878,1609,1630]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Tyrannosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9ACCEACEFFCEFFA7FD46F9FCFCB4F99A" box="[731,878,1609,1630]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Tyrannosaurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) *;
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="1688349EFFCE0055FE51F9D0FA1CF95C" box="[460,1478,1637,1688]" gridrow="19" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<td id="55595DE2FFCE0055FE51F9D0FE30F95C" box="[460,490,1637,1688]" gridcol="0" gridrow="19" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">60.</td>
<td id="55595DE2FFCE0055FD9BF9D0FA1CF95C" box="[518,1478,1637,1688]" gridcol="1" gridrow="19" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
Postorbital, anterior end of postorbital shallow (
<taxonomicName id="6FB84D5FFFCEFFA7FC64F9D3FB5EF9BF" box="[1017,1156,1638,1659]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Nanotyrannus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9ACCEACEFFCEFFA7FC64F9D3FB5EF9BF" box="[1017,1156,1638,1659]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Nanotyrannus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) or deep and massive where it contacts frontals and lacrimals (
<taxonomicName id="6FB84D5FFFCEFFA7FCCBF936FC33F95C" box="[854,1001,1667,1688]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Tyrannosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9ACCEACEFFCEFFA7FCCBF936FC33F95C" box="[854,1001,1667,1688]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Tyrannosaurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) *;
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="1688349EFFCE0055FE51F915FA1CF917" box="[460,1478,1696,1747]" gridrow="20" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<td id="55595DE2FFCE0055FE51F915FE30F917" box="[460,490,1696,1747]" gridcol="0" gridrow="20" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">61.</td>
<td id="55595DE2FFCE0055FD9BF915FA1CF917" box="[518,1478,1696,1747]" gridcol="1" gridrow="20" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
Postorbital, anterior end of postorbital projects anteriorly (
<taxonomicName id="6FB84D5FFFCEFFA7FBF9F915FB35F971" box="[1124,1263,1696,1717]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Nanotyrannus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9ACCEACEFFCEFFA7FBF9F915FB35F971" box="[1124,1263,1696,1717]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Nanotyrannus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) hooked downward anteriorly (
<taxonomicName id="6FB84D5FFFCEFFA7FDE0F908FCCAF916" box="[637,784,1725,1746]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Tyrannosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9ACCEACEFFCEFFA7FDE0F908FCCAF916" box="[637,784,1725,1746]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Tyrannosaurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
);
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="1688349EFFCE0055FE51F96FFA1CF8C9" box="[460,1478,1754,1805]" gridrow="21" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<td id="55595DE2FFCE0055FE51F96FFE30F8C9" box="[460,490,1754,1805]" gridcol="0" gridrow="21" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">62.</td>
<td id="55595DE2FFCE0055FD9BF96FFA1CF8C9" box="[518,1478,1754,1805]" gridcol="1" gridrow="21" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
Postorbital, fossa on medial surface of postorbital present (
<taxonomicName id="6FB84D5FFFCEFFA7FBEEF96EFADBF934" box="[1139,1281,1755,1776]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Nanotyrannus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9ACCEACEFFCEFFA7FBEEF96EFADBF934" box="[1139,1281,1755,1776]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Nanotyrannus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) or absent (
<taxonomicName id="6FB84D5FFFCEFFA7FD93F94DFD7BF8C9" box="[526,673,1784,1805]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Tyrannosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9ACCEACEFFCEFFA7FD93F94DFD7BF8C9" box="[526,673,1784,1805]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Tyrannosaurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
).
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="1688349EFFCE0055FE51F897FA1CF8BB" box="[460,1478,1826,1919]" gridrow="22" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<td id="55595DE2FFCE0055FE51F897FA1CF8BB" box="[460,1478,1826,1919]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" gridcol="0" gridrow="22" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<heading id="F34F81B0FFCEFFA7FE51F897FDDFF8F3" bold="true" box="[460,517,1826,1847]" fontSize="9" level="2" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" reason="2">
<emphasis id="9ACCEACEFFCEFFA7FE51F897FDDFF8F3" bold="true" box="[460,517,1826,1847]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Jugal</emphasis>
</heading>
63. Jugal, antorbital fossa extends beneath lacrimal (
<taxonomicName id="6FB84D5FFFCEFFA7FB9AF8F8FB4FF8A6" box="[1031,1173,1869,1890]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Nanotyrannus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9ACCEACEFFCEFFA7FB9AF8F8FB4FF8A6" box="[1031,1173,1869,1890]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Nanotyrannus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) or lies largely anterior to ventral process of lacrimal (
<taxonomicName id="6FB84D5FFFCEFFA7FCB6F8DFFC64F8BB" box="[811,958,1898,1919]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Tyrannosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9ACCEACEFFCEFFA7FCB6F8DFFC64F8BB" box="[811,958,1898,1919]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Tyrannosaurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) *;
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="1688349EFFCE0055FE51F832FA1CF87E" box="[460,1478,1927,1978]" gridrow="23" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<td id="55595DE2FFCE0055FE51F832FE30F87E" box="[460,490,1927,1978]" gridcol="0" gridrow="23" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">64.</td>
<td id="55595DE2FFCE0055FD9BF832FA1CF87E" box="[518,1478,1927,1978]" gridcol="1" gridrow="23" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
Jugal, body of jugal narrow anteriorly beneath lacrimal (
<taxonomicName id="6FB84D5FFFCEFFA7FBC7F832FB32F858" box="[1114,1256,1927,1948]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Nanotyrannus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9ACCEACEFFCEFFA7FBC7F832FB32F858" box="[1114,1256,1927,1948]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Nanotyrannus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) versus dorsoventrally expanded relative to depth beneath orbit (
<taxonomicName id="6FB84D5FFFCEFFA7FBFBF810FB23F87E" box="[1126,1273,1957,1978]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Tyrannosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9ACCEACEFFCEFFA7FBFBF810FB23F87E" box="[1126,1273,1957,1978]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Tyrannosaurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) †;
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="1688349EFFCE0055FE51F874FA1CF830" box="[460,1478,1985,2036]" gridrow="24" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<td id="55595DE2FFCE0055FE51F874FE30F830" box="[460,490,1985,2036]" gridcol="0" gridrow="24" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">65.</td>
<td id="55595DE2FFCE0055FD9BF874FA1CF830" box="[518,1478,1985,2036]" gridcol="1" gridrow="24" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
Jugal, jugal with a wide, shallowly concave orbital margin (
<taxonomicName id="6FB84D5FFFCEFFA7FBE6F877FAD3F813" box="[1147,1289,1986,2007]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Nanotyrannus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9ACCEACEFFCEFFA7FBE6F877FAD3F813" box="[1147,1289,1986,2007]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Nanotyrannus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) versus jugal contribution to orbit a deep, narrow notch (
<taxonomicName id="6FB84D5FFFCEFFA7FC4FF86AFBBFF830" box="[978,1125,2015,2036]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Tyrannosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9ACCEACEFFCEFFA7FC4FF86AFBBFF830" box="[978,1125,2015,2036]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Tyrannosaurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) *;
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="1688349EFFCE0055FE51F849FA1CF7EB" box="[460,1478,2044,2095]" gridrow="25" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<td id="55595DE2FFCE0055FE51F849FE30F7EB" box="[460,490,2044,2095]" gridcol="0" gridrow="25" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">66.</td>
<td id="55595DE2FFCE0055FD9BF849FA1CF7EB" box="[518,1478,2044,2095]" gridcol="1" gridrow="25" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
Jugal, jugal with a small pneumatic opening at the corner of the antorbital fossa (
<taxonomicName id="6FB84D5FFFCEFFA7FD93F7AFFD46F7EB" box="[526,668,2074,2095]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Nanotyrannus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9ACCEACEFFCEFFA7FD93F7AFFD46F7EB" box="[526,668,2074,2095]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Nanotyrannus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) versus a large dorsally positioned one (
<taxonomicName id="6FB84D5FFFCEFFA7FBD4F7AFFB06F7EB" box="[1097,1244,2074,2095]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Tyrannosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9ACCEACEFFCEFFA7FBD4F7AFFB06F7EB" box="[1097,1244,2074,2095]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Tyrannosaurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) *;
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<caption id="FCC76654FFCDFFA4FE26FF5AFD97FEC1" box="[443,589,239,261]" isContinuationCaption="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" startId="14.[443,503,239,260]" targetBox="[460,1479,301,2092]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="14" targetType="table">
<paragraph id="A80736DCFFCDFFA4FE26FF5AFD97FEC1" blockId="14.[443,589,239,261]" box="[443,589,239,261]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<emphasis id="9ACCEACEFFCDFFA4FE26FF5AFDD5FEC0" bold="true" box="[443,527,239,260]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Table 4.</emphasis>
Cont.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="A80736DCFFCDFFA4FE51FE98FCE9F7E8" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<table id="DAB8C47CFFCD0055FE51FE98FA1DF7E8" box="[460,1479,301,2092]" colsContinueFrom="13.[460,1478,301,2095]" colsContinueIn="15.[458,1479,301,2097]" gridcols="2" gridrows="28" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<tr id="1688349EFFCD0055FE51FE98FA1DFEA4" box="[460,1479,301,352]" gridrow="0" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<th id="55595DE2FFCD0055FE51FE98FE30FEA4" box="[460,490,301,352]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">67.</th>
<th id="55595DE2FFCD0055FD9BFE98FA1DFEA4" box="[518,1479,301,352]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
Jugal, pneumatic recess shallow (
<taxonomicName id="6FB84D5FFFCDFFA4FCFBFE98FC2EFE86" box="[870,1012,301,322]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Nanotyrannus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9ACCEACEFFCDFFA4FCFBFE98FC2EFE86" box="[870,1012,301,322]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Nanotyrannus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) or deeply excavating the jugal (
<taxonomicName id="6FB84D5FFFCDFFA4FD93FEFEFD7BFEA4" box="[526,673,331,352]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Tyrannosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9ACCEACEFFCDFFA4FD93FEFEFD7BFEA4" box="[526,673,331,352]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Tyrannosaurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) *;
</th>
</tr>
<tr id="1688349EFFCD0055FE51FED2FA1DFE5E" box="[460,1479,359,410]" gridrow="1" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<td id="55595DE2FFCD0055FE51FED2FE30FE5E" box="[460,490,359,410]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">68.</td>
<td id="55595DE2FFCD0055FD9BFED2FA1DFE5E" box="[518,1479,359,410]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
Jugal, notch for postorbital small (
<taxonomicName id="6FB84D5FFFCDFFA4FCF2FEDDFC27FEB9" box="[879,1021,360,381]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Nanotyrannus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9ACCEACEFFCDFFA4FCF2FEDDFC27FEB9" box="[879,1021,360,381]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Nanotyrannus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) or enlarged to receive a broad ventral process of the jugal (
<taxonomicName id="6FB84D5FFFCDFFA4FD7DFE30FCA9FE5E" box="[736,883,389,410]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Tyrannosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9ACCEACEFFCDFFA4FD7DFE30FCA9FE5E" box="[736,883,389,410]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Tyrannosaurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) *;
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="1688349EFFCD0055FE51FE17FA1DFE11" box="[460,1479,418,469]" gridrow="2" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<td id="55595DE2FFCD0055FE51FE17FE30FE11" box="[460,490,418,469]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">69.</td>
<td id="55595DE2FFCD0055FD9BFE17FA1DFE11" box="[518,1479,418,469]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
Jugal, postorbital process anteroposteriorly narrow where it contacts postorbital (
<taxonomicName id="6FB84D5FFFCDFFA4FD93FE75FD46FE11" box="[526,668,448,469]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Nanotyrannus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9ACCEACEFFCDFFA4FD93FE75FD46FE11" box="[526,668,448,469]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Nanotyrannus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) or anteroposteriorly broad (
<taxonomicName id="6FB84D5FFFCDFFA4FC4DFE75FBB9FE11" box="[976,1123,448,469]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Tyrannosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9ACCEACEFFCDFFA4FC4DFE75FBB9FE11" box="[976,1123,448,469]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Tyrannosaurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
);
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="1688349EFFCD0055FE51FE69FA1DFDCB" box="[460,1479,476,527]" gridrow="3" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<td id="55595DE2FFCD0055FE51FE69FE30FDCB" box="[460,490,476,527]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">70.</td>
<td id="55595DE2FFCD0055FD9BFE69FA1DFDCB" box="[518,1479,476,527]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
Jugal, narrow articulation for the postorbital (
<taxonomicName id="6FB84D5FFFCDFFA4FC74FE68FBADFE36" box="[1001,1143,477,498]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Nanotyrannus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9ACCEACEFFCDFFA4FC74FE68FBADFE36" box="[1001,1143,477,498]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Nanotyrannus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) or contacts postorbital via a broadly overlapping lap joint (
<taxonomicName id="6FB84D5FFFCDFFA4FCD6FE4FFC04FDCB" box="[843,990,506,527]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Tyrannosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9ACCEACEFFCDFFA4FCD6FE4FFC04FDCB" box="[843,990,506,527]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Tyrannosaurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
);
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="1688349EFFCD0055FE51FDA2FA1DFDA3" box="[460,1479,535,615]" gridrow="4" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<td id="55595DE2FFCD0055FE51FDA2FE30FDA3" box="[460,490,535,615]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">71. 72.</td>
<td id="55595DE2FFCD0055FD9BFDA2FA1DFDA3" box="[518,1479,535,615]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
Jugal, quadratojugal ramus short (
<taxonomicName id="6FB84D5FFFCDFFA4FCECFDA2FC25FDE8" box="[881,1023,535,556]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Nanotyrannus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9ACCEACEFFCDFFA4FCECFDA2FC25FDE8" box="[881,1023,535,556]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Nanotyrannus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) versus elongate (
<taxonomicName id="6FB84D5FFFCDFFA4FB5DFDA2FA89FDE8" box="[1216,1363,535,556]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Tyrannosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9ACCEACEFFCDFFA4FB5DFDA2FA89FDE8" box="[1216,1363,535,556]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Tyrannosaurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) †; Jugal, posterior ramus extends horizontally (
<taxonomicName id="6FB84D5FFFCDFFA4FC42FD80FBB7FD8E" box="[991,1133,565,586]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Nanotyrannus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9ACCEACEFFCDFFA4FC42FD80FBB7FD8E" box="[991,1133,565,586]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Nanotyrannus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) or dorsal margin deflected upwards (
<taxonomicName id="6FB84D5FFFCDFFA4FDE9FDE7FCDDFDA3" box="[628,775,594,615]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Tyrannosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9ACCEACEFFCDFFA4FDE9FDE7FCDDFDA3" box="[628,775,594,615]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Tyrannosaurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) †.
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="1688349EFFCD0055FE51FDCEFA1DFD55" box="[460,1479,635,657]" gridrow="5" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<td id="55595DE2FFCD0055FE51FDCEFA1DFD55" box="[460,1479,635,657]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<heading id="F34F81B0FFCDFFA4FE51FDCEFDB1FD55" bold="true" box="[460,619,635,657]" fontSize="9" level="2" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" reason="2">
<emphasis id="9ACCEACEFFCDFFA4FE51FDCEFDB1FD55" bold="true" box="[460,619,635,657]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Quadratojugal</emphasis>
</heading>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="1688349EFFCD0055FE51FD13FA1DFD1D" box="[460,1479,678,729]" gridrow="6" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<td id="55595DE2FFCD0055FE51FD13FE30FD1D" box="[460,490,678,729]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">73.</td>
<td id="55595DE2FFCD0055FD9BFD13FA1DFD1D" box="[518,1479,678,729]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
Quadratojugal, forms an anteroposteriorly short contact with squamosal (
<taxonomicName id="6FB84D5FFFCDFFA4FA8FFD12FA7AFD78" box="[1298,1440,679,700]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Nanotyrannus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9ACCEACEFFCDFFA4FA8FFD12FA7AFD78" box="[1298,1440,679,700]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Nanotyrannus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) versus a broad squamosal contact (
<taxonomicName id="6FB84D5FFFCDFFA4FCE5FD71FBD1FD1D" box="[888,1035,708,729]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Tyrannosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9ACCEACEFFCDFFA4FCE5FD71FBD1FD1D" box="[888,1035,708,729]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Tyrannosaurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
);
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="1688349EFFCD0055FE51FD55FA1DFCD7" box="[460,1479,736,787]" gridrow="7" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<td id="55595DE2FFCD0055FE51FD55FE30FCD7" box="[460,490,736,787]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">74.</td>
<td id="55595DE2FFCD0055FD9BFD55FA1DFCD7" box="[518,1479,736,787]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
Quadratojugal, anterior process of quadratojugal narrow (
<taxonomicName id="6FB84D5FFFCDFFA4FBF0FD54FB21FD32" box="[1133,1275,737,758]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Nanotyrannus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9ACCEACEFFCDFFA4FBF0FD54FB21FD32" box="[1133,1275,737,758]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Nanotyrannus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) versus deep (
<taxonomicName id="6FB84D5FFFCDFFA4FD93FD4BFD7BFCD7" box="[526,673,766,787]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Tyrannosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9ACCEACEFFCDFFA4FD93FD4BFD7BFCD7" box="[526,673,766,787]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Tyrannosaurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
);
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="1688349EFFCD0055FE51FCAEFA1DFCAF" box="[460,1479,795,875]" gridrow="8" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<td id="55595DE2FFCD0055FE51FCAEFE30FCAF" box="[460,490,795,875]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">75. 76.</td>
<td id="55595DE2FFCD0055FD9BFCAEFA1DFCAF" box="[518,1479,795,875]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
Quadratojugal, dorsal margin concave (
<taxonomicName id="6FB84D5FFFCDFFA4FC36FCA9FBE3FCF5" box="[939,1081,796,817]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Nanotyrannus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9ACCEACEFFCDFFA4FC36FCA9FBE3FCF5" box="[939,1081,796,817]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Nanotyrannus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) straight or convex (
<taxonomicName id="6FB84D5FFFCDFFA4FA8EFCA9FA7CFCF5" box="[1299,1446,796,817]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Tyrannosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9ACCEACEFFCDFFA4FA8EFCA9FA7CFCF5" box="[1299,1446,796,817]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Tyrannosaurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
); Quadratojugal, quadratojugal anterior ridge narrow and tapers distally (
<taxonomicName id="6FB84D5FFFCDFFA4FA98FC8CFA49FC8A" box="[1285,1427,825,846]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Nanotyrannus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9ACCEACEFFCDFFA4FA98FC8CFA49FC8A" box="[1285,1427,825,846]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Nanotyrannus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) or massive and extends to end of quadratojugal (
<taxonomicName id="6FB84D5FFFCDFFA4FC72FCE3FB58FCAF" box="[1007,1154,854,875]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Tyrannosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9ACCEACEFFCDFFA4FC72FCE3FB58FCAF" box="[1007,1154,854,875]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Tyrannosaurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
);
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="1688349EFFCD0055FE51FCC6FA1DFC62" box="[460,1479,883,934]" gridrow="9" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<td id="55595DE2FFCD0055FE51FCC6FE30FC62" box="[460,490,883,934]" gridcol="0" gridrow="9" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">77.</td>
<td id="55595DE2FFCD0055FD9BFCC6FA1DFC62" box="[518,1479,883,934]" gridcol="1" gridrow="9" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
Quadratojugal, pneumatic foramen pierces lateral surface of quadratojugal (
<taxonomicName id="6FB84D5FFFCDFFA4FAB6FCC6FA63FC4C" box="[1323,1465,883,904]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Nanotyrannus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9ACCEACEFFCDFFA4FAB6FCC6FA63FC4C" box="[1323,1465,883,904]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Nanotyrannus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) or pneumatic foramen absent (
<taxonomicName id="6FB84D5FFFCDFFA4FCD1FC24FC05FC62" box="[844,991,913,934]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Tyrannosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9ACCEACEFFCDFFA4FCD1FC24FC05FC62" box="[844,991,913,934]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Tyrannosaurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) (
<emphasis id="9ACCEACEFFCDFFA4FC69FC25FBA5FC61" box="[1012,1151,912,933]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">autapomorphy</emphasis>
);
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="1688349EFFCD0055FE51FC18FA1DFC24" box="[460,1479,941,992]" gridrow="10" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<td id="55595DE2FFCD0055FE51FC18FE30FC24" box="[460,490,941,992]" gridcol="0" gridrow="10" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">78.</td>
<td id="55595DE2FFCD0055FD9BFC18FA1DFC24" box="[518,1479,941,992]" gridcol="1" gridrow="10" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
Quadratojugal, posterior process extends posteriorly (
<taxonomicName id="6FB84D5FFFCDFFA4FBDCFC1BFB15FC07" box="[1089,1231,942,963]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Nanotyrannus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9ACCEACEFFCDFFA4FBDCFC1BFB15FC07" box="[1089,1231,942,963]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Nanotyrannus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) or posterodorsally to wrap onto posterior face of quadrate (
<taxonomicName id="6FB84D5FFFCDFFA4FC0AFC7EFBF0FC24" box="[919,1066,971,992]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Tyrannosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9ACCEACEFFCDFFA4FC0AFC7EFBF0FC24" box="[919,1066,971,992]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Tyrannosaurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
);
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="1688349EFFCD0055FE51FC5DFA1DFBDE" box="[460,1479,1000,1050]" gridrow="11" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<td id="55595DE2FFCD0055FE51FC5DFE30FBDE" box="[460,490,1000,1050]" gridcol="0" gridrow="11" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">79.</td>
<td id="55595DE2FFCD0055FD9BFC5DFA1DFBDE" box="[518,1479,1000,1050]" gridcol="1" gridrow="11" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
Quadrate, quadratojugal pneumatic foramen present (
<taxonomicName id="6FB84D5FFFCDFFA4FBD9FC5DFB08FC39" box="[1092,1234,1000,1021]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Nanotyrannus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9ACCEACEFFCDFFA4FBD9FC5DFB08FC39" box="[1092,1234,1000,1021]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Nanotyrannus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) or absent (
<taxonomicName id="6FB84D5FFFCDFFA4FD93FBB0FD7BFBDE" box="[526,673,1029,1050]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Tyrannosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9ACCEACEFFCDFFA4FD93FBB0FD7BFBDE" box="[526,673,1029,1050]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Tyrannosaurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) †.
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="1688349EFFCD0055FE51FB9AFA1DFB81" box="[460,1479,1071,1093]" gridrow="12" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<td id="55595DE2FFCD0055FE51FB9AFA1DFB81" box="[460,1479,1071,1093]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" gridcol="0" gridrow="12" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<heading id="F34F81B0FFCDFFA4FE51FB9AFD95FB81" bold="true" box="[460,591,1071,1093]" fontSize="9" level="2" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" reason="2">
<emphasis id="9ACCEACEFFCDFFA4FE51FB9AFD95FB81" bold="true" box="[460,591,1071,1093]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Squamosals</emphasis>
</heading>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="1688349EFFCD0055FE51FBEFFA1DFB6E" box="[460,1479,1114,1194]" gridrow="13" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<td id="55595DE2FFCD0055FE51FBEFFE30FB6E" box="[460,490,1114,1194]" gridcol="0" gridrow="13" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">80.</td>
<td id="55595DE2FFCD0055FD9BFBEFFA1DFB6E" box="[518,1479,1114,1194]" gridcol="1" gridrow="13" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
Squamosals, caudal ends of squamosals do not extend far past parietal in dorsal view (
<taxonomicName id="6FB84D5FFFCDFFA4FD93FBCDFD46FB49" box="[526,668,1144,1165]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Nanotyrannus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9ACCEACEFFCDFFA4FD93FBCDFD46FB49" box="[526,668,1144,1165]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Nanotyrannus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) versus squamosals project strongly posterior to parietals in dorsal view (
<taxonomicName id="6FB84D5FFFCDFFA4FD93FB20FD7BFB6E" box="[526,673,1173,1194]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Tyrannosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9ACCEACEFFCDFFA4FD93FB20FD7BFB6E" box="[526,673,1173,1194]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Tyrannosaurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
);
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="1688349EFFCD0055FE51FB04FA1DFB21" box="[460,1479,1201,1253]" gridrow="14" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<td id="55595DE2FFCD0055FE51FB04FE30FB21" box="[460,490,1201,1253]" gridcol="0" gridrow="14" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">81.</td>
<td id="55595DE2FFCD0055FD9BFB04FA1DFB21" box="[518,1479,1201,1253]" gridcol="1" gridrow="14" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
Squamosal, ventral fossa of squamosal bounded anteriorly by a narrow bar of bone (
<taxonomicName id="6FB84D5FFFCDFFA4FD93FB7AFD46FB20" box="[526,668,1231,1252]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Nanotyrannus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9ACCEACEFFCDFFA4FD93FB7AFD46FB20" box="[526,668,1231,1252]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Nanotyrannus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) or a broad, shallow shelf (
<taxonomicName id="6FB84D5FFFCDFFA4FC21FB7AFB95FB20" box="[956,1103,1231,1252]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Tyrannosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9ACCEACEFFCDFFA4FC21FB7AFB95FB20" box="[956,1103,1231,1252]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Tyrannosaurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
);
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="1688349EFFCD0055FE51FB59FA1DFADB" box="[460,1479,1260,1311]" gridrow="15" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<td id="55595DE2FFCD0055FE51FB59FE30FADB" box="[460,490,1260,1311]" gridcol="0" gridrow="15" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">82.</td>
<td id="55595DE2FFCD0055FD9BFB59FA1DFADB" box="[518,1479,1260,1311]" gridcol="1" gridrow="15" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
Squamosal, anterior lamina does not extend forward (
<taxonomicName id="6FB84D5FFFCDFFA4FBDCFB58FB15FAC6" box="[1089,1231,1261,1282]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Nanotyrannus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9ACCEACEFFCDFFA4FBDCFB58FB15FAC6" box="[1089,1231,1261,1282]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Nanotyrannus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) or extends forward to anterior end of squamosal (
<taxonomicName id="6FB84D5FFFCDFFA4FCB4FABFFC66FADB" box="[809,956,1290,1311]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Tyrannosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9ACCEACEFFCDFFA4FCB4FABFFC66FADB" box="[809,956,1290,1311]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Tyrannosaurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
);
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="1688349EFFCD0055FE51FA93FA1DFA9E" box="[460,1479,1318,1370]" gridrow="16" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<td id="55595DE2FFCD0055FE51FA93FE30FA9E" box="[460,490,1318,1370]" gridcol="0" gridrow="16" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">83.</td>
<td id="55595DE2FFCD0055FD9BFA93FA1DFA9E" box="[518,1479,1318,1370]" gridcol="1" gridrow="16" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
Squamosal, ventral fossa lacks a pneumatic recess (
<taxonomicName id="6FB84D5FFFCDFFA4FBBEFA92FB6BFAF8" box="[1059,1201,1319,1340]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Nanotyrannus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9ACCEACEFFCDFFA4FBBEFA92FB6BFAF8" box="[1059,1201,1319,1340]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Nanotyrannus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) or pneumatic recess present in the roof of the ventral fossa (
<taxonomicName id="6FB84D5FFFCDFFA4FC39FAF1FBEDFA9D" box="[932,1079,1348,1369]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Tyrannosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9ACCEACEFFCDFFA4FC39FAF1FBEDFA9D" box="[932,1079,1348,1369]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Tyrannosaurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
);
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="1688349EFFCD0055FE51FAD4FA1DFA50" box="[460,1479,1377,1428]" gridrow="17" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<td id="55595DE2FFCD0055FE51FAD4FE30FA50" box="[460,490,1377,1428]" gridcol="0" gridrow="17" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">84.</td>
<td id="55595DE2FFCD0055FD9BFAD4FA1DFA50" box="[518,1479,1377,1428]" gridcol="1" gridrow="17" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
Squamosal, quadratojugal process forming a narrow point anteriorly (
<taxonomicName id="6FB84D5FFFCDFFA4FB76FAD4FAA3FAB2" box="[1259,1401,1377,1398]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Nanotyrannus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9ACCEACEFFCDFFA4FB76FAD4FAA3FAB2" box="[1259,1401,1377,1398]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Nanotyrannus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) or a broad rounded or subrectangular tip (
<emphasis id="9ACCEACEFFCDFFA4FC05FACAFBC7FA50" box="[920,1053,1407,1428]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Tyrannosaurs</emphasis>
).
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="1688349EFFCD0055FE51FA1CFA1DFA7A" box="[460,1479,1449,1470]" gridrow="18" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<td id="55595DE2FFCD0055FE51FA1CFA1DFA7A" box="[460,1479,1449,1470]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" gridcol="0" gridrow="18" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<heading id="F34F81B0FFCDFFA4FE51FA1CFDCEFA7A" bold="true" box="[460,532,1449,1470]" fontSize="9" level="2" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" reason="2">
<emphasis id="9ACCEACEFFCDFFA4FE51FA1CFDCEFA7A" bold="true" box="[460,532,1449,1470]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Vomer</emphasis>
</heading>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="1688349EFFCD0055FE51FA66FA1DF9E7" box="[460,1479,1491,1571]" gridrow="19" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<td id="55595DE2FFCD0055FE51FA66FE30F9E7" box="[460,490,1491,1571]" gridcol="0" gridrow="19" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">85. 86. 87.</td>
<td id="55595DE2FFCD0055FD9BFA66FA1DF9E7" box="[518,1479,1491,1571]" gridcol="1" gridrow="19" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
Vomer, vomer narrow anteriorly (
<taxonomicName id="6FB84D5FFFCDFFA4FCF7FA61FC22FA2D" box="[874,1016,1492,1513]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Nanotyrannus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9ACCEACEFFCDFFA4FCF7FA61FC22FA2D" box="[874,1016,1492,1513]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Nanotyrannus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) or transversely expanded (
<taxonomicName id="6FB84D5FFFCDFFA4FABCFA61FA6EFA2D" box="[1313,1460,1492,1513]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Tyrannosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9ACCEACEFFCDFFA4FABCFA61FA6EFA2D" box="[1313,1460,1492,1513]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Tyrannosaurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
); Vomer, distal end dorsoventrally expanded (
<taxonomicName id="6FB84D5FFFCDFFA4FC40FA44FBB1F9C2" box="[989,1131,1521,1542]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Nanotyrannus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9ACCEACEFFCDFFA4FC40FA44FBB1F9C2" box="[989,1131,1521,1542]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Nanotyrannus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) or low (
<taxonomicName id="6FB84D5FFFCDFFA4FB56FA44FA84F9C2" box="[1227,1374,1521,1542]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Tyrannosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9ACCEACEFFCDFFA4FB56FA44FA84F9C2" box="[1227,1374,1521,1542]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Tyrannosaurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
); Vomer, proximal end dorsoventrally expanded (
<taxonomicName id="6FB84D5FFFCDFFA4FB9FF9BBFB4FF9E7" box="[1026,1173,1550,1571]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Tyrannosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9ACCEACEFFCDFFA4FB9FF9BBFB4FF9E7" box="[1026,1173,1550,1571]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Tyrannosaurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
).
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="1688349EFFCD0055FE51F98DFA1DF98A" box="[460,1479,1592,1614]" gridrow="20" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<td id="55595DE2FFCD0055FE51F98DFA1DF98A" box="[460,1479,1592,1614]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" gridcol="0" gridrow="20" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<heading id="F34F81B0FFCDFFA4FE51F98DFDFFF98A" bold="true" box="[460,549,1592,1614]" fontSize="9" level="2" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" reason="2">
<emphasis id="9ACCEACEFFCDFFA4FE51F98DFDFFF98A" bold="true" box="[460,549,1592,1614]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Palatine</emphasis>
</heading>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="1688349EFFCD0055FE51F9D7FA1DF952" box="[460,1479,1634,1686]" gridrow="21" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<td id="55595DE2FFCD0055FE51F9D7FE30F952" box="[460,490,1634,1686]" gridcol="0" gridrow="21" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">88.</td>
<td id="55595DE2FFCD0055FD9BF9D7FA1DF952" box="[518,1479,1634,1686]" gridcol="1" gridrow="21" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
Palatine, dorsal process of palatine lacks posterior expansion (
<taxonomicName id="6FB84D5FFFCDFFA4FB17F9D6FACFF9BC" box="[1162,1301,1635,1656]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Nanotyrannus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9ACCEACEFFCDFFA4FB17F9D6FACFF9BC" box="[1162,1301,1635,1656]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Nanotyrannus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) or bears a large, broad posterior expansion (
<taxonomicName id="6FB84D5FFFCDFFA4FCB6F935FC64F951" box="[811,958,1664,1685]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Tyrannosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9ACCEACEFFCDFFA4FCB6F935FC64F951" box="[811,958,1664,1685]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Tyrannosaurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
);
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="1688349EFFCD0055FE51F928FA1DF914" box="[460,1479,1693,1744]" gridrow="22" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<td id="55595DE2FFCD0055FE51F928FE30F914" box="[460,490,1693,1744]" gridcol="0" gridrow="22" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">89.</td>
<td id="55595DE2FFCD0055FD9BF928FA1DF914" box="[518,1479,1693,1744]" gridcol="1" gridrow="22" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
Palatine, neck of dorsal process projects anterodorsally (
<taxonomicName id="6FB84D5FFFCDFFA4FBCAF92BFB3FF977" box="[1111,1253,1694,1715]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Nanotyrannus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9ACCEACEFFCDFFA4FBCAF92BFB3FF977" box="[1111,1253,1694,1715]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Nanotyrannus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) or dorsally (
<taxonomicName id="6FB84D5FFFCDFFA4FD93F90EFD7BF914" box="[526,673,1723,1744]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Tyrannosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9ACCEACEFFCDFFA4FD93F90EFD7BF914" box="[526,673,1723,1744]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Tyrannosaurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) *;
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="1688349EFFCD0055FE51F962FA1DF8CF" box="[460,1479,1751,1803]" gridrow="23" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<td id="55595DE2FFCD0055FE51F962FE30F8CF" box="[460,490,1751,1803]" gridcol="0" gridrow="23" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">90.</td>
<td id="55595DE2FFCD0055FD9BF962FA1DF8CF" box="[518,1479,1751,1803]" gridcol="1" gridrow="23" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
Palatine, anterior prong of dorsal process long and slender (
<taxonomicName id="6FB84D5FFFCDFFA4FB1DF96DFAD4F929" box="[1152,1294,1752,1773]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Nanotyrannus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9ACCEACEFFCDFFA4FB1DF96DFAD4F929" box="[1152,1294,1752,1773]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Nanotyrannus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) or short and robust (
<taxonomicName id="6FB84D5FFFCDFFA4FDC4F940FD36F8CE" box="[601,748,1781,1802]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Tyrannosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9ACCEACEFFCDFFA4FDC4F940FD36F8CE" box="[601,748,1781,1802]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Tyrannosaurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
);
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="1688349EFFCD0055FE51F8A7FA1DF8BB" box="[460,1479,1810,1919]" gridrow="24" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<td id="55595DE2FFCD0055FE51F8A7FE30F8BB" box="[460,490,1810,1919]" gridcol="0" gridrow="24" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">91. 92. 93.</td>
<td id="55595DE2FFCD0055FD9BF8A7FA1DF8BB" box="[518,1479,1810,1919]" gridcol="1" gridrow="24" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
Palatine, pneumatic fossae small (
<taxonomicName id="6FB84D5FFFCDFFA4FCF0F8A6FC21F8EC" box="[877,1019,1811,1832]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Nanotyrannus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9ACCEACEFFCDFFA4FCF0F8A6FC21F8EC" box="[877,1019,1811,1832]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Nanotyrannus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) or enlarged (
<taxonomicName id="6FB84D5FFFCDFFA4FB0DF8A6FAF9F8EC" box="[1168,1315,1811,1832]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Tyrannosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9ACCEACEFFCDFFA4FB0DF8A6FAF9F8EC" box="[1168,1315,1811,1832]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Tyrannosaurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
); Palatine, body weakly inflated (
<taxonomicName id="6FB84D5FFFCDFFA4FCCAF885FC3FF881" box="[855,997,1840,1861]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Nanotyrannus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9ACCEACEFFCDFFA4FCCAF885FC3FF881" box="[855,997,1840,1861]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Nanotyrannus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) or strongly inflated (
<taxonomicName id="6FB84D5FFFCDFFA4FB51F885FA85F881" box="[1228,1375,1840,1861]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Tyrannosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9ACCEACEFFCDFFA4FB51F885FA85F881" box="[1228,1375,1840,1861]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Tyrannosaurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
); Palatine, anteroventral process slender (
<taxonomicName id="6FB84D5FFFCDFFA4FC30F8F8FBE1F8A6" box="[941,1083,1869,1890]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Nanotyrannus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9ACCEACEFFCDFFA4FC30F8F8FBE1F8A6" box="[941,1083,1869,1890]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Nanotyrannus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) or proportionately short and broad (
<taxonomicName id="6FB84D5FFFCDFFA4FD93F8DFFD7BF8BB" box="[526,673,1898,1919]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Tyrannosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9ACCEACEFFCDFFA4FD93F8DFFD7BF8BB" box="[526,673,1898,1919]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Tyrannosaurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
).
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="1688349EFFCD0055FE51F821FA1DF86E" box="[460,1479,1940,1962]" gridrow="25" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<td id="55595DE2FFCD0055FE51F821FA1DF86E" box="[460,1479,1940,1962]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" gridcol="0" gridrow="25" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<heading id="F34F81B0FFCDFFA4FE51F821FDBFF86E" bold="true" box="[460,613,1940,1962]" fontSize="9" level="2" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" reason="2">
<emphasis id="9ACCEACEFFCDFFA4FE51F821FDBFF86E" bold="true" box="[460,613,1940,1962]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Ectopterygoid</emphasis>
</heading>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="1688349EFFCD0055FE51F80BFA1DF836" box="[460,1479,1982,2034]" gridrow="26" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<td id="55595DE2FFCD0055FE51F80BFE30F836" box="[460,490,1982,2034]" gridcol="0" gridrow="26" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">94.</td>
<td id="55595DE2FFCD0055FD9BF80BFA1DF836" box="[518,1479,1982,2034]" gridcol="1" gridrow="26" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
Ectopterygoid, opening of pneumatic recess a thin slot (
<taxonomicName id="6FB84D5FFFCDFFA4FBCFF80AFB37F811" box="[1106,1261,1983,2005]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Nanotyrannus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Nanotyrannus</taxonomicName>
) or a large aperture (
<taxonomicName id="6FB84D5FFFCDFFA4FD93F869FD6AF836" box="[526,688,2012,2034]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Tyrannosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Tyrannosaurus</taxonomicName>
);
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="1688349EFFCD0055FE51F84CFA1DF7E8" box="[460,1479,2041,2092]" gridrow="27" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<td id="55595DE2FFCD0055FE51F84CFE30F7E8" box="[460,490,2041,2092]" gridcol="0" gridrow="27" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">95.</td>
<td id="55595DE2FFCD0055FD9BF84CFA1DF7E8" box="[518,1479,2041,2092]" gridcol="1" gridrow="27" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
Ectopterygoid, posterior edge of pneumatic recess flat (
<taxonomicName id="6FB84D5FFFCDFFA4FBD3F84CFB33F7CB" box="[1102,1257,2041,2063]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Nanotyrannus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Nanotyrannus</taxonomicName>
) or bounded by a distinct lip (
<taxonomicName id="6FB84D5FFFCDFFA4FD18F7A3FCFDF7E8" box="[645,807,2070,2092]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Tyrannosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Tyrannosaurus</taxonomicName>
);
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<caption id="FCC76654FFCCFFA5FE26FF5AFD97FEC1" box="[443,589,239,261]" isContinuationCaption="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" startId="15.[443,503,239,260]" targetBox="[458,1479,301,2097]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="15" targetType="table">
<paragraph id="A80736DCFFCCFFA5FE26FF5AFD97FEC1" blockId="15.[443,589,239,261]" box="[443,589,239,261]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<emphasis id="9ACCEACEFFCCFFA5FE26FF5AFDD5FEC0" bold="true" box="[443,527,239,260]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Table 4.</emphasis>
Cont.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="A80736DCFFCCFFA5FE51FE98FA9EF7F5" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<table id="DAB8C47CFFCC0055FE57FE98FA1DF7F5" box="[458,1479,301,2097]" colsContinueFrom="14.[460,1479,301,2092]" colsContinueIn="16.[458,1478,301,2097]" gridcols="2" gridrows="59" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<tr id="1688349EFFCC0055FE57FE98FA1DFE87" box="[458,1479,301,323]" gridrow="0" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<th id="55595DE2FFCC0055FE57FE98FE2EFE87" box="[458,500,301,323]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">96.</th>
<th id="55595DE2FFCC0055FD9BFE98FA1DFE87" box="[518,1479,301,323]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
Ectopterygoid, jugal process lacks a pneumatic foramen (
<taxonomicName id="6FB84D5FFFCCFFA5FBFFFE98FB27FE87" box="[1122,1277,301,323]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Nanotyrannus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Nanotyrannus</taxonomicName>
) or with a large
</th>
</tr>
<tr id="1688349EFFCC0055FE57FEFFFA1DFEA4" box="[458,1479,330,352]" gridrow="1" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" rowspan-0="1">
<td id="55595DE2FFCC0055FD9BFEFFFA1DFEA4" box="[518,1479,330,352]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
pneumatic foramen (
<taxonomicName id="6FB84D5FFFCCFFA5FD7EFEFFFC5FFEA4" box="[739,901,330,352]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Tyrannosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Tyrannosaurus</taxonomicName>
);
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="1688349EFFCC0055FE57FED2FA1DFEB9" box="[458,1479,359,381]" gridrow="2" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<td id="55595DE2FFCC0055FE57FED2FE2EFEB9" box="[458,500,359,381]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">97.</td>
<td id="55595DE2FFCC0055FD9BFED2FA1DFEB9" box="[518,1479,359,381]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
Ectopterygoid, ectopterygoid weakly expanded (
<taxonomicName id="6FB84D5FFFCCFFA5FB96FED2FB7CFEB9" box="[1035,1190,359,381]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Nanotyrannus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Nanotyrannus</taxonomicName>
) strongly inflated
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="1688349EFFCC0055FE57FE30FA1DFE5F" box="[458,1479,389,411]" gridrow="3" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" rowspan-0="1">
<td id="55595DE2FFCC0055FD9BFE30FA1DFE5F" box="[518,1479,389,411]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
(
<taxonomicName id="6FB84D5FFFCCFFA5FD93FE30FD6BFE5F" box="[526,689,389,411]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Tyrannosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Tyrannosaurus</taxonomicName>
).
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="1688349EFFCC0055FE57FE1AFA1DFE01" box="[458,1479,431,453]" gridrow="4" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<td id="55595DE2FFCC0055FE57FE1AFA1DFE01" box="[458,1479,431,453]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<heading id="F34F81B0FFCCFFA5FE51FE1AFDEFFE01" bold="true" box="[460,565,431,453]" fontSize="9" level="2" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" reason="2">
<emphasis id="9ACCEACEFFCCFFA5FE51FE1AFDEFFE01" bold="true" box="[460,565,431,453]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Braincase</emphasis>
</heading>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="1688349EFFCC0055FE57FE6CFA1DFE2B" box="[458,1479,473,495]" gridrow="5" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<td id="55595DE2FFCC0055FE57FE6CFE2EFE2B" box="[458,500,473,495]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">98.</td>
<td id="55595DE2FFCC0055FD9BFE6CFA1DFE2B" box="[518,1479,473,495]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
Supraoccipital, subrectangular (
<taxonomicName id="6FB84D5FFFCCFFA5FCC5FE6FFC3CFE2B" box="[856,998,474,495]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Nanotyrannus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9ACCEACEFFCCFFA5FCC5FE6FFC3CFE2B" box="[856,998,474,495]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Nanotyrannus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) forked dorsally (
<taxonomicName id="6FB84D5FFFCCFFA5FB39FE6FFAEDFE2B" box="[1188,1335,474,495]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Tyrannosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9ACCEACEFFCCFFA5FB39FE6FFAEDFE2B" box="[1188,1335,474,495]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Tyrannosaurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
);
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="1688349EFFCC0055FE57FE42FA1DFDC9" box="[458,1479,503,525]" gridrow="6" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<td id="55595DE2FFCC0055FE57FE42FE2EFDC9" box="[458,500,503,525]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">99.</td>
<td id="55595DE2FFCC0055FD9BFE42FA1DFDC9" box="[518,1479,503,525]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
Exoccipitals, paroccipital processes taper in posterior view (
<taxonomicName id="6FB84D5FFFCCFFA5FBE7FE42FADDFDC8" box="[1146,1287,503,524]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Nanotyrannus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9ACCEACEFFCCFFA5FBE7FE42FADDFDC8" box="[1146,1287,503,524]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Nanotyrannus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) or distally broad
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="1688349EFFCC0055FE57FDA1FA1DFDEE" box="[458,1479,532,554]" gridrow="7" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" rowspan-0="1">
<td id="55595DE2FFCC0055FD9BFDA1FA1DFDEE" box="[518,1479,532,554]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
(
<taxonomicName id="6FB84D5FFFCCFFA5FD93FDA0FD7BFDEE" box="[526,673,533,554]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Tyrannosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9ACCEACEFFCCFFA5FD93FDA0FD7BFDEE" box="[526,673,533,554]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Tyrannosaurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
);
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="1688349EFFCC0055FE57FD84FA1DFD83" box="[458,1479,561,583]" gridrow="8" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<td id="55595DE2FFCC0055FE57FD84FE2EFD83" box="[458,500,561,583]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">100.</td>
<td id="55595DE2FFCC0055FD9BFD84FA1DFD83" box="[518,1479,561,583]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
Exoccipitals, paroccipital processes extend laterally (
<taxonomicName id="6FB84D5FFFCCFFA5FBACFD87FB65FD83" box="[1073,1215,562,583]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Nanotyrannus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9ACCEACEFFCCFFA5FBACFD87FB65FD83" box="[1073,1215,562,583]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Nanotyrannus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) versus posterolaterally
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="1688349EFFCC0055FE57FDFAFA1DFDA0" box="[458,1479,591,612]" gridrow="9" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" rowspan-0="1">
<td id="55595DE2FFCC0055FD9BFDFAFA1DFDA0" box="[518,1479,591,612]" gridcol="1" gridrow="9" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
(
<taxonomicName id="6FB84D5FFFCCFFA5FD93FDFAFD7BFDA0" box="[526,673,591,612]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Tyrannosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9ACCEACEFFCCFFA5FD93FDFAFD7BFDA0" box="[526,673,591,612]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Tyrannosaurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
);
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="1688349EFFCC0055FE57FDD9FA1DFD46" box="[458,1479,620,642]" gridrow="10" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<td id="55595DE2FFCC0055FE57FDD9FE2EFD46" box="[458,500,620,642]" gridcol="0" gridrow="10" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">101.</td>
<td id="55595DE2FFCC0055FD9BFDD9FA1DFD46" box="[518,1479,620,642]" gridcol="1" gridrow="10" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
Parasphenoid, rostrum long, slender and triangular in lateral view (
<taxonomicName id="6FB84D5FFFCCFFA5FB4EFDD9FABBFD45" box="[1235,1377,620,641]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Nanotyrannus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9ACCEACEFFCCFFA5FB4EFDD9FABBFD45" box="[1235,1377,620,641]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Nanotyrannus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) or
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="1688349EFFCC0055FE57FD3CFA1DFD5B" box="[458,1479,649,671]" gridrow="11" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" rowspan-0="1">
<td id="55595DE2FFCC0055FD9BFD3CFA1DFD5B" box="[518,1479,649,671]" gridcol="1" gridrow="11" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
proportionately short, deep and rectangular in shape (
<taxonomicName id="6FB84D5FFFCCFFA5FBDEFD3FFB0CFD5B" box="[1091,1238,650,671]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Tyrannosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9ACCEACEFFCCFFA5FBDEFD3FFB0CFD5B" box="[1091,1238,650,671]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Tyrannosaurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) *;
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="1688349EFFCC0055FE57FD13FA1DFD78" box="[458,1479,678,700]" gridrow="12" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<td id="55595DE2FFCC0055FE57FD13FE2EFD78" box="[458,500,678,700]" gridcol="0" gridrow="12" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">102.</td>
<td id="55595DE2FFCC0055FD9BFD13FA1DFD78" box="[518,1479,678,700]" gridcol="1" gridrow="12" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Basioccipital with prominent depressions ventrolateral to the occipital condyle and</td>
</tr>
<tr id="1688349EFFCC0055FE57FD76FA1DFD1D" box="[458,1479,707,729]" gridrow="13" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" rowspan-0="1">
<td id="55595DE2FFCC0055FD9BFD76FA1DFD1D" box="[518,1479,707,729]" gridcol="1" gridrow="13" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
extending onto the basal tubera in posterior view (
<taxonomicName id="6FB84D5FFFCCFFA5FB81FD71FB70FD1D" box="[1052,1194,708,729]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Nanotyrannus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9ACCEACEFFCCFFA5FB81FD71FB70FD1D" box="[1052,1194,708,729]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Nanotyrannus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) or absent (
<taxonomicName id="6FB84D5FFFCCFFA5FABBFD71FA62FD1D" box="[1318,1464,708,729]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Tyrannosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9ACCEACEFFCCFFA5FABBFD71FA62FD1D" box="[1318,1464,708,729]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Tyrannosaurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
);
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="1688349EFFCC0055FE57FD55FA1DFD32" box="[458,1479,736,758]" gridrow="14" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<td id="55595DE2FFCC0055FE57FD55FE2EFD32" box="[458,500,736,758]" gridcol="0" gridrow="14" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">103.</td>
<td id="55595DE2FFCC0055FD9BFD55FA1DFD32" box="[518,1479,736,758]" gridcol="1" gridrow="14" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
Basioccipital, basal tubera separated by a deep, narrow notch (
<taxonomicName id="6FB84D5FFFCCFFA5FB07FD54FAF2FD32" box="[1178,1320,737,758]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Nanotyrannus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9ACCEACEFFCCFFA5FB07FD54FAF2FD32" box="[1178,1320,737,758]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Nanotyrannus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) versus a
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="1688349EFFCC0055FE57FD4BFA1DFCD0" box="[458,1479,766,788]" gridrow="15" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" rowspan-0="1">
<td id="55595DE2FFCC0055FD9BFD4BFA1DFCD0" box="[518,1479,766,788]" gridcol="1" gridrow="15" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
shallow, wide notch (
<taxonomicName id="6FB84D5FFFCCFFA5FD75FD4BFCA1FCD7" box="[744,891,766,787]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Tyrannosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9ACCEACEFFCCFFA5FD75FD4BFCA1FCD7" box="[744,891,766,787]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Tyrannosaurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
);
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="1688349EFFCC0055FE57FCAEFA1DFCF5" box="[458,1479,795,817]" gridrow="16" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<td id="55595DE2FFCC0055FE57FCAEFE2EFCF5" box="[458,500,795,817]" gridcol="0" gridrow="16" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">104.</td>
<td id="55595DE2FFCC0055FD9BFCAEFA1DFCF5" box="[518,1479,795,817]" gridcol="1" gridrow="16" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Basioccipital, basal tubera wider than basispterygoid processes and extremely wide relative</td>
</tr>
<tr id="1688349EFFCC0055FE57FC8DFA1DFC8A" box="[458,1479,824,846]" gridrow="17" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" rowspan-0="1">
<td id="55595DE2FFCC0055FD9BFC8DFA1DFC8A" box="[518,1479,824,846]" gridcol="1" gridrow="17" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
to skull width (
<taxonomicName id="6FB84D5FFFCCFFA5FD34FC8CFCEDFC8A" box="[681,823,825,846]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Nanotyrannus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9ACCEACEFFCCFFA5FD34FC8CFCEDFC8A" box="[681,823,825,846]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Nanotyrannus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) or as wide or narrower than basipterygoid processes
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="1688349EFFCC0055FE57FCE0FA1DFCAF" box="[458,1479,853,875]" gridrow="18" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" rowspan-0="1">
<td id="55595DE2FFCC0055FD9BFCE0FA1DFCAF" box="[518,1479,853,875]" gridcol="1" gridrow="18" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
(
<taxonomicName id="6FB84D5FFFCCFFA5FD93FCE3FD7BFCAF" box="[526,673,854,875]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Tyrannosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9ACCEACEFFCCFFA5FD93FCE3FD7BFCAF" box="[526,673,854,875]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Tyrannosaurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) (
<emphasis id="9ACCEACEFFCCFFA5FD2AFCE0FC90FCAE" box="[695,842,853,874]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">autapomorphy)</emphasis>
;
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="1688349EFFCC0055FE57FCC7FA1DFC4D" box="[458,1479,882,905]" gridrow="19" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<td id="55595DE2FFCC0055FE57FCC7FE2EFC4D" box="[458,500,882,905]" gridcol="0" gridrow="19" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">105.</td>
<td id="55595DE2FFCC0055FD9BFCC7FA1DFC4D" box="[518,1479,882,905]" gridcol="1" gridrow="19" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
Basisphenoid, basisphenoid recess, faces posteroventrally (
<taxonomicName id="6FB84D5FFFCCFFA5FBE8FCC6FAD9FC4C" box="[1141,1283,883,904]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Nanotyrannus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9ACCEACEFFCCFFA5FBE8FCC6FAD9FC4C" box="[1141,1283,883,904]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Nanotyrannus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) or strongly
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="1688349EFFCC0055FE57FC25FA1DFC62" box="[458,1479,912,934]" gridrow="20" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" rowspan-0="1">
<td id="55595DE2FFCC0055FD9BFC25FA1DFC62" box="[518,1479,912,934]" gridcol="1" gridrow="20" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
directed posteriorly (
<taxonomicName id="6FB84D5FFFCCFFA5FD7BFC24FCA3FC62" box="[742,889,913,934]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Tyrannosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9ACCEACEFFCCFFA5FD7BFC24FCA3FC62" box="[742,889,913,934]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Tyrannosaurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
).
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="1688349EFFCC0055FE57FC0EFA1DFC14" box="[458,1479,955,976]" gridrow="21" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<td id="55595DE2FFCC0055FE57FC0EFA1DFC14" box="[458,1479,955,976]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" gridcol="0" gridrow="21" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<heading id="F34F81B0FFCCFFA5FE51FC0EFDFFFC14" bold="true" box="[460,549,955,976]" fontSize="9" level="2" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" reason="2">
<emphasis id="9ACCEACEFFCCFFA5FE51FC0EFDFFFC14" bold="true" box="[460,549,955,976]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Dentary</emphasis>
</heading>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="1688349EFFCC0055FE57FC50FA1DFC3F" box="[458,1479,997,1019]" gridrow="22" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<td id="55595DE2FFCC0055FE57FC50FE2EFC3F" box="[458,500,997,1019]" gridcol="0" gridrow="22" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">106.</td>
<td id="55595DE2FFCC0055FD9BFC50FA1DFC3F" box="[518,1479,997,1019]" gridcol="1" gridrow="22" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Dentary, anteroventral margin of dentary symphysis rises up at a shallow angle</td>
</tr>
<tr id="1688349EFFCC0055FE57FBB7FA1DFBDC" box="[458,1479,1026,1048]" gridrow="23" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" rowspan-0="1">
<td id="55595DE2FFCC0055FD9BFBB7FA1DFBDC" box="[518,1479,1026,1048]" gridcol="1" gridrow="23" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
(
<taxonomicName id="6FB84D5FFFCCFFA5FD93FBB6FD46FBDC" box="[526,668,1027,1048]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Nanotyrannus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9ACCEACEFFCCFFA5FD93FBB6FD46FBDC" box="[526,668,1027,1048]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Nanotyrannus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) versus rises up steeply (
<taxonomicName id="6FB84D5FFFCCFFA5FC35FBB6FBE1FBDC" box="[936,1083,1027,1048]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Tyrannosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9ACCEACEFFCCFFA5FC35FBB6FBE1FBDC" box="[936,1083,1027,1048]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Tyrannosaurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
);
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="1688349EFFCC0055FE57FBAAFA1DFBF1" box="[458,1479,1055,1077]" gridrow="24" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<td id="55595DE2FFCC0055FE57FBAAFE2EFBF1" box="[458,500,1055,1077]" gridcol="0" gridrow="24" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">107.</td>
<td id="55595DE2FFCC0055FD9BFBAAFA1DFBF1" box="[518,1479,1055,1077]" gridcol="1" gridrow="24" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
Dentary, anterior end of dentary shallow (
<taxonomicName id="6FB84D5FFFCCFFA5FC5EFB95FB8BFBF1" box="[963,1105,1056,1077]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Nanotyrannus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9ACCEACEFFCCFFA5FC5EFB95FB8BFBF1" box="[963,1105,1056,1077]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Nanotyrannus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) or distinctly expanded relative to
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="1688349EFFCC0055FE57FB88FA1DFB97" box="[458,1479,1085,1107]" gridrow="25" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" rowspan-0="1">
<td id="55595DE2FFCC0055FD9BFB88FA1DFB97" box="[518,1479,1085,1107]" gridcol="1" gridrow="25" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
midlength (
<taxonomicName id="6FB84D5FFFCCFFA5FD1EFB88FCCCFB96" box="[643,790,1085,1106]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Tyrannosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9ACCEACEFFCCFFA5FD1EFB88FCCCFB96" box="[643,790,1085,1106]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Tyrannosaurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
);
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="1688349EFFCC0055FE57FBEFFA1DFBB4" box="[458,1479,1114,1136]" gridrow="26" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<td id="55595DE2FFCC0055FE57FBEFFE2EFBB4" box="[458,500,1114,1136]" gridcol="0" gridrow="26" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">108.</td>
<td id="55595DE2FFCC0055FD9BFBEFFA1DFBB4" box="[518,1479,1114,1136]" gridcol="1" gridrow="26" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
Dentary, symphysis weakly developed (
<taxonomicName id="6FB84D5FFFCCFFA5FC33FBEFFBE6FBAB" box="[942,1084,1114,1135]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Nanotyrannus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9ACCEACEFFCCFFA5FC33FBEFFBE6FBAB" box="[942,1084,1114,1135]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Nanotyrannus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) or massive facet where dentaries
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="1688349EFFCC0055FE57FBC2FA1DFB49" box="[458,1479,1143,1165]" gridrow="27" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" rowspan-0="1">
<td id="55595DE2FFCC0055FD9BFBC2FA1DFB49" box="[518,1479,1143,1165]" gridcol="1" gridrow="27" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
contact (
<taxonomicName id="6FB84D5FFFCCFFA5FDFCFBCDFD2EFB49" box="[609,756,1144,1165]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Tyrannosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9ACCEACEFFCCFFA5FDFCFBCDFD2EFB49" box="[609,756,1144,1165]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Tyrannosaurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
);
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="1688349EFFCC0055FE57FB21FA1DFB6E" box="[458,1479,1172,1194]" gridrow="28" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<td id="55595DE2FFCC0055FE57FB21FE2EFB6E" box="[458,500,1172,1194]" gridcol="0" gridrow="28" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">109.</td>
<td id="55595DE2FFCC0055FD9BFB21FA1DFB6E" box="[518,1479,1172,1194]" gridcol="1" gridrow="28" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
Dentary, symphysis ends beneath fourth tooth (
<taxonomicName id="6FB84D5FFFCCFFA5FC63FB20FB56FB6E" box="[1022,1164,1173,1194]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Nanotyrannus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9ACCEACEFFCCFFA5FC63FB20FB56FB6E" box="[1022,1164,1173,1194]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Nanotyrannus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) or third (
<taxonomicName id="6FB84D5FFFCCFFA5FB64FB20FA56FB6E" box="[1273,1420,1173,1194]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Tyrannosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9ACCEACEFFCCFFA5FB64FB20FA56FB6E" box="[1273,1420,1173,1194]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Tyrannosaurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
);
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="1688349EFFCC0055FE57FB04FA1DFB03" box="[458,1479,1201,1223]" gridrow="29" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<td id="55595DE2FFCC0055FE57FB04FE2EFB03" box="[458,500,1201,1223]" gridcol="0" gridrow="29" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">110.</td>
<td id="55595DE2FFCC0055FD9BFB04FA1DFB03" box="[518,1479,1201,1223]" gridcol="1" gridrow="29" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
Dentary, interdental plates weakly developed, tapering dorsally (
<taxonomicName id="6FB84D5FFFCCFFA5FB31FB07FAE2FB03" box="[1196,1336,1202,1223]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Nanotyrannus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9ACCEACEFFCCFFA5FB31FB07FAE2FB03" box="[1196,1336,1202,1223]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Nanotyrannus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) or large and
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="1688349EFFCC0055FE57FB7AFA1DFB21" box="[458,1479,1231,1253]" gridrow="30" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" rowspan-0="1">
<td id="55595DE2FFCC0055FD9BFB7AFA1DFB21" box="[518,1479,1231,1253]" gridcol="1" gridrow="30" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
broad, covering much of the tooth roots (
<taxonomicName id="6FB84D5FFFCCFFA5FC25FB7AFB91FB20" box="[952,1099,1231,1252]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Tyrannosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9ACCEACEFFCCFFA5FC25FB7AFB91FB20" box="[952,1099,1231,1252]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Tyrannosaurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) †;
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="1688349EFFCC0055FE57FB59FA1DFAC6" box="[458,1479,1260,1282]" gridrow="31" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<td id="55595DE2FFCC0055FE57FB59FE2EFAC6" box="[458,500,1260,1282]" gridcol="0" gridrow="31" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">111.</td>
<td id="55595DE2FFCC0055FD9BFB59FA1DFAC6" box="[518,1479,1260,1282]" gridcol="1" gridrow="31" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
Dentary, first two alveoli small (
<taxonomicName id="6FB84D5FFFCCFFA5FCC4FB58FC3DFAC6" box="[857,999,1261,1282]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Nanotyrannus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9ACCEACEFFCCFFA5FCC4FB58FC3DFAC6" box="[857,999,1261,1282]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Nanotyrannus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), or first alveolus small (
<taxonomicName id="6FB84D5FFFCCFFA5FB70FB58FA5AFAC6" box="[1261,1408,1261,1282]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Tyrannosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9ACCEACEFFCCFFA5FB70FB58FA5AFAC6" box="[1261,1408,1261,1282]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Tyrannosaurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) †;
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="1688349EFFCC0055FE57FABCFA1DFADB" box="[458,1479,1289,1311]" gridrow="32" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<td id="55595DE2FFCC0055FE57FABCFE2EFADB" box="[458,500,1289,1311]" gridcol="0" gridrow="32" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">112.</td>
<td id="55595DE2FFCC0055FD9BFABCFA1DFADB" box="[518,1479,1289,1311]" gridcol="1" gridrow="32" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
Dentary, lingual bar covers first alveolus (
<taxonomicName id="6FB84D5FFFCCFFA5FC20FABFFB90FADB" box="[957,1098,1290,1311]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Nanotyrannus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9ACCEACEFFCCFFA5FC20FABFFB90FADB" box="[957,1098,1290,1311]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Nanotyrannus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) or first two alveoli (
<taxonomicName id="6FB84D5FFFCCFFA5FABAFABFFA63FADB" box="[1319,1465,1290,1311]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Tyrannosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9ACCEACEFFCCFFA5FABAFABFFA63FADB" box="[1319,1465,1290,1311]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Tyrannosaurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
);
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="1688349EFFCC0055FE57FA93FA1DFAF8" box="[458,1479,1318,1340]" gridrow="33" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<td id="55595DE2FFCC0055FE57FA93FE2EFAF8" box="[458,500,1318,1340]" gridcol="0" gridrow="33" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">113.</td>
<td id="55595DE2FFCC0055FD9BFA93FA1DFAF8" box="[518,1479,1318,1340]" gridcol="1" gridrow="33" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
Dentary, dentary groove present and well-defined (
<taxonomicName id="6FB84D5FFFCCFFA5FBB8FA92FB69FAF8" box="[1061,1203,1319,1340]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Nanotyrannus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9ACCEACEFFCCFFA5FBB8FA92FB69FAF8" box="[1061,1203,1319,1340]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Nanotyrannus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) or reduced/absent
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="1688349EFFCC0055FE57FAF1FA1DFA9D" box="[458,1479,1348,1369]" gridrow="34" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" rowspan-0="1">
<td id="55595DE2FFCC0055FD9BFAF1FA1DFA9D" box="[518,1479,1348,1369]" gridcol="1" gridrow="34" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
(
<taxonomicName id="6FB84D5FFFCCFFA5FD93FAF1FD7BFA9D" box="[526,673,1348,1369]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Tyrannosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9ACCEACEFFCCFFA5FD93FAF1FD7BFA9D" box="[526,673,1348,1369]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Tyrannosaurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
);
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="1688349EFFCC0055FE57FAD4FA1DFAB3" box="[458,1479,1377,1399]" gridrow="35" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<td id="55595DE2FFCC0055FE57FAD4FE2EFAB3" box="[458,500,1377,1399]" gridcol="0" gridrow="35" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">114.</td>
<td id="55595DE2FFCC0055FD9BFAD4FA1DFAB3" box="[518,1479,1377,1399]" gridcol="1" gridrow="35" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
Dentary, neurovascular foramina in small pits (
<taxonomicName id="6FB84D5FFFCCFFA5FC64FAD4FB5DFAB2" box="[1017,1159,1377,1398]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Nanotyrannus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9ACCEACEFFCCFFA5FC64FAD4FB5DFAB2" box="[1017,1159,1377,1398]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Nanotyrannus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) or set in deep grooves
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="1688349EFFCC0055FE57FACBFA1DFA50" box="[458,1479,1406,1428]" gridrow="36" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" rowspan-0="1">
<td id="55595DE2FFCC0055FD9BFACBFA1DFA50" box="[518,1479,1406,1428]" gridcol="1" gridrow="36" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
(
<taxonomicName id="6FB84D5FFFCCFFA5FD93FACAFD7BFA50" box="[526,673,1407,1428]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Tyrannosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9ACCEACEFFCCFFA5FD93FACAFD7BFA50" box="[526,673,1407,1428]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Tyrannosaurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
);
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="1688349EFFCC0055FE57FA2EFA1DFA75" box="[458,1479,1435,1457]" gridrow="37" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<td id="55595DE2FFCC0055FE57FA2EFE2EFA75" box="[458,500,1435,1457]" gridcol="0" gridrow="37" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">115.</td>
<td id="55595DE2FFCC0055FD9BFA2EFA1DFA75" box="[518,1479,1435,1457]" gridcol="1" gridrow="37" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
Dentary, ventral margin bowed (
<taxonomicName id="6FB84D5FFFCCFFA5FCFDFA29FC34FA75" box="[864,1006,1436,1457]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Nanotyrannus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9ACCEACEFFCCFFA5FCFDFA29FC34FA75" box="[864,1006,1436,1457]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Nanotyrannus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) or straight (
<taxonomicName id="6FB84D5FFFCCFFA5FBE5FA29FAD1FA75" box="[1144,1291,1436,1457]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Tyrannosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9ACCEACEFFCCFFA5FBE5FA29FAD1FA75" box="[1144,1291,1436,1457]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Tyrannosaurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
);
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="1688349EFFCC0055FE57FA0DFA1DFA0A" box="[458,1479,1464,1486]" gridrow="38" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<td id="55595DE2FFCC0055FE57FA0DFE2EFA0A" box="[458,500,1464,1486]" gridcol="0" gridrow="38" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">116.</td>
<td id="55595DE2FFCC0055FD9BFA0DFA1DFA0A" box="[518,1479,1464,1486]" gridcol="1" gridrow="38" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
Dentary, neurovascular foramina lie low on dentary (
<taxonomicName id="6FB84D5FFFCCFFA5FBA4FA0CFB1DFA0A" box="[1081,1223,1465,1486]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Nanotyrannus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9ACCEACEFFCCFFA5FBA4FA0CFB1DFA0A" box="[1081,1223,1465,1486]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Nanotyrannus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) or high on dentary
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="1688349EFFCC0055FE57FA63FA1DFA2F" box="[458,1479,1494,1515]" gridrow="39" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" rowspan-0="1">
<td id="55595DE2FFCC0055FD9BFA63FA1DFA2F" box="[518,1479,1494,1515]" gridcol="1" gridrow="39" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
(
<taxonomicName id="6FB84D5FFFCCFFA5FD93FA63FD7BFA2F" box="[526,673,1494,1515]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Tyrannosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9ACCEACEFFCCFFA5FD93FA63FD7BFA2F" box="[526,673,1494,1515]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Tyrannosaurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
);
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="1688349EFFCC0055FE57FA46FA1DF9CD" box="[458,1479,1523,1545]" gridrow="40" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<td id="55595DE2FFCC0055FE57FA46FE2EF9CD" box="[458,500,1523,1545]" gridcol="0" gridrow="40" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">117.</td>
<td id="55595DE2FFCC0055FD9BFA46FA1DF9CD" box="[518,1479,1523,1545]" gridcol="1" gridrow="40" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
Dentary, toothrow straight or weakly curved in dorsal view (
<taxonomicName id="6FB84D5FFFCCFFA5FB17FA41FAC2F9CD" box="[1162,1304,1524,1545]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Nanotyrannus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9ACCEACEFFCCFFA5FB17FA41FAC2F9CD" box="[1162,1304,1524,1545]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Nanotyrannus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) versus bowed
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="1688349EFFCC0055FE57F9A5FA1DF9E2" box="[458,1479,1552,1574]" gridrow="41" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" rowspan-0="1">
<td id="55595DE2FFCC0055FD9BF9A5FA1DF9E2" box="[518,1479,1552,1574]" gridcol="1" gridrow="41" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
outwards anteriorly in dorsal view to create a broad, U-shaped jaw (
<taxonomicName id="6FB84D5FFFCCFFA5FB45F9A4FAB1F9E2" box="[1240,1387,1553,1574]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Tyrannosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9ACCEACEFFCCFFA5FB45F9A4FAB1F9E2" box="[1240,1387,1553,1574]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Tyrannosaurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
);
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="1688349EFFCC0055FE57F998FA1DF987" box="[458,1479,1581,1603]" gridrow="42" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<td id="55595DE2FFCC0055FE57F998FE2EF987" box="[458,500,1581,1603]" gridcol="0" gridrow="42" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">118.</td>
<td id="55595DE2FFCC0055FD9BF998FA1DF987" box="[518,1479,1581,1603]" gridcol="1" gridrow="42" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
Dentary, weakly expanded posteriorly (
<taxonomicName id="6FB84D5FFFCCFFA5FC38F99BFBEBF987" box="[933,1073,1582,1603]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Nanotyrannus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9ACCEACEFFCCFFA5FC38F99BFBEBF987" box="[933,1073,1582,1603]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Nanotyrannus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) versus strongly expanded posteriorly
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="1688349EFFCC0055FE57F9FEFA1DF9A5" box="[458,1479,1611,1633]" gridrow="43" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" rowspan-0="1">
<td id="55595DE2FFCC0055FD9BF9FEFA1DF9A5" box="[518,1479,1611,1633]" gridcol="1" gridrow="43" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
to about twice its minimum depth (
<taxonomicName id="6FB84D5FFFCCFFA5FCE3F9FEFBCBF9A4" box="[894,1041,1611,1632]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Tyrannosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9ACCEACEFFCCFFA5FCE3F9FEFBCBF9A4" box="[894,1041,1611,1632]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Tyrannosaurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
);
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="1688349EFFCC0055FE57F9DDFA1DF9BA" box="[458,1479,1640,1662]" gridrow="44" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<td id="55595DE2FFCC0055FE57F9DDFE2EF9BA" box="[458,500,1640,1662]" gridcol="0" gridrow="44" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">119.</td>
<td id="55595DE2FFCC0055FD9BF9DDFA1DF9BA" box="[518,1479,1640,1662]" gridcol="1" gridrow="44" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
Dentary, lingual bar similar in depth anteriorly and posteriorly (
<taxonomicName id="6FB84D5FFFCCFFA5FB30F9DDFAE1F9B9" box="[1197,1339,1640,1661]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Nanotyrannus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9ACCEACEFFCCFFA5FB30F9DDFAE1F9B9" box="[1197,1339,1640,1661]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Nanotyrannus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) versus
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="1688349EFFCC0055FE57F930FA1DF95F" box="[458,1479,1669,1691]" gridrow="45" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" rowspan-0="1">
<td id="55595DE2FFCC0055FD9BF930FA1DF95F" box="[518,1479,1669,1691]" gridcol="1" gridrow="45" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
narrow and tapered posteriorly relative to the anterior of the toothrow (
<taxonomicName id="6FB84D5FFFCCFFA5FB61F933FA55F95F" box="[1276,1423,1670,1691]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Tyrannosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9ACCEACEFFCCFFA5FB61F933FA55F95F" box="[1276,1423,1670,1691]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Tyrannosaurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
);
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="1688349EFFCC0055FE57F917FA1DF97C" box="[458,1479,1698,1720]" gridrow="46" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<td id="55595DE2FFCC0055FE57F917FE2EF97C" box="[458,500,1698,1720]" gridcol="0" gridrow="46" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">120.</td>
<td id="55595DE2FFCC0055FD9BF917FA1DF97C" box="[518,1479,1698,1720]" gridcol="1" gridrow="46" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Dentary, facet for articulation with splenial below Meckelian fossa weakly developed</td>
</tr>
<tr id="1688349EFFCC0055FE57F90AFA1DF911" box="[458,1479,1727,1749]" gridrow="47" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" rowspan-0="1">
<td id="55595DE2FFCC0055FD9BF90AFA1DF911" box="[518,1479,1727,1749]" gridcol="1" gridrow="47" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
(
<taxonomicName id="6FB84D5FFFCCFFA5FD93F975FD46F911" box="[526,668,1728,1749]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Nanotyrannus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9ACCEACEFFCCFFA5FD93F975FD46F911" box="[526,668,1728,1749]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Nanotyrannus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) or large, very broad contact surface (
<taxonomicName id="6FB84D5FFFCCFFA5FBB0F975FB1AF911" box="[1069,1216,1728,1749]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Tyrannosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9ACCEACEFFCCFFA5FBB0F975FB1AF911" box="[1069,1216,1728,1749]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Tyrannosaurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
);
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="1688349EFFCC0055FE57F968FA1DF937" box="[458,1479,1757,1779]" gridrow="48" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<td id="55595DE2FFCC0055FE57F968FE2EF937" box="[458,500,1757,1779]" gridcol="0" gridrow="48" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">121.</td>
<td id="55595DE2FFCC0055FD9BF968FA1DF937" box="[518,1479,1757,1779]" gridcol="1" gridrow="48" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
Dentary, Meckelian fossa narrow and V-shaped anteriorly (
<taxonomicName id="6FB84D5FFFCCFFA5FBEAF968FADFF936" box="[1143,1285,1757,1778]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Nanotyrannus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9ACCEACEFFCCFFA5FBEAF968FADFF936" box="[1143,1285,1757,1778]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Nanotyrannus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) or broad and
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="1688349EFFCC0055FE57F94FFA1DF8D4" box="[458,1479,1786,1808]" gridrow="49" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" rowspan-0="1">
<td id="55595DE2FFCC0055FD9BF94FFA1DF8D4" box="[518,1479,1786,1808]" gridcol="1" gridrow="49" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
U-shaped (
<taxonomicName id="6FB84D5FFFCCFFA5FDE1F94EFCD5F8D4" box="[636,783,1787,1808]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Tyrannosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9ACCEACEFFCCFFA5FDE1F94EFCD5F8D4" box="[636,783,1787,1808]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Tyrannosaurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
);
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="1688349EFFCC0055FE57F8A2FA1DF8E9" box="[458,1479,1815,1837]" gridrow="50" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<td id="55595DE2FFCC0055FE57F8A2FE2EF8E9" box="[458,500,1815,1837]" gridcol="0" gridrow="50" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">122.</td>
<td id="55595DE2FFCC0055FD9BF8A2FA1DF8E9" box="[518,1479,1815,1837]" gridcol="1" gridrow="50" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
Dentary, contact with surangular straight (
<taxonomicName id="6FB84D5FFFCCFFA5FC55F8ADFB8CF8E9" box="[968,1110,1816,1837]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Nanotyrannus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9ACCEACEFFCCFFA5FC55F8ADFB8CF8E9" box="[968,1110,1816,1837]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Nanotyrannus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) or strongly concave
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="1688349EFFCC0055FE57F880FA1DF88E" box="[458,1479,1845,1866]" gridrow="51" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" rowspan-0="1">
<td id="55595DE2FFCC0055FD9BF880FA1DF88E" box="[518,1479,1845,1866]" gridcol="1" gridrow="51" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
(
<taxonomicName id="6FB84D5FFFCCFFA5FD93F880FD7BF88E" box="[526,673,1845,1866]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Tyrannosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9ACCEACEFFCCFFA5FD93F880FD7BF88E" box="[526,673,1845,1866]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Tyrannosaurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
);
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="1688349EFFCC0055FE57F8E7FA1DF8AC" box="[458,1479,1874,1896]" gridrow="52" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<td id="55595DE2FFCC0055FE57F8E7FE2EF8AC" box="[458,500,1874,1896]" gridcol="0" gridrow="52" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">123.</td>
<td id="55595DE2FFCC0055FD9BF8E7FA1DF8AC" box="[518,1479,1874,1896]" gridcol="1" gridrow="52" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
Dentary, weak notch of angular process (
<taxonomicName id="6FB84D5FFFCCFFA5FC2BF8E7FB9EF8A3" box="[950,1092,1874,1895]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Nanotyrannus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9ACCEACEFFCCFFA5FC2BF8E7FB9EF8A3" box="[950,1092,1874,1895]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Nanotyrannus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) or very strong forking of angular
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="1688349EFFCC0055FE57F8DAFA1DF840" box="[458,1479,1903,1924]" gridrow="53" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" rowspan-0="1">
<td id="55595DE2FFCC0055FD9BF8DAFA1DF840" box="[518,1479,1903,1924]" gridcol="1" gridrow="53" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
process (
<taxonomicName id="6FB84D5FFFCCFFA5FDFEF8DAFD2CF840" box="[611,758,1903,1924]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Tyrannosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9ACCEACEFFCCFFA5FDFEF8DAFD2CF840" box="[611,758,1903,1924]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Tyrannosaurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
).
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="1688349EFFCC0055FE57F82CFA1DF86B" box="[458,1479,1945,1967]" gridrow="54" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<td id="55595DE2FFCC0055FE57F82CFA1DF86B" box="[458,1479,1945,1967]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" gridcol="0" gridrow="54" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<heading id="F34F81B0FFCCFFA5FE51F82CFD7AF86B" bold="true" box="[460,672,1945,1967]" fontSize="9" level="2" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" reason="2">
<emphasis id="9ACCEACEFFCCFFA5FE51F82CFD7AF86B" bold="true" box="[460,672,1945,1967]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Posterior Mandible</emphasis>
</heading>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="1688349EFFCC0055FE57F871FA1DF81E" box="[458,1479,1988,2010]" gridrow="55" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<td id="55595DE2FFCC0055FE57F871FE2EF81E" box="[458,500,1988,2010]" gridcol="0" gridrow="55" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">124.</td>
<td id="55595DE2FFCC0055FD9BF871FA1DF81E" box="[518,1479,1988,2010]" gridcol="1" gridrow="55" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
Splenial, mylohyoid foramen long and low (
<taxonomicName id="6FB84D5FFFCCFFA5FC4AF870FBBEF81E" box="[983,1124,1989,2010]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Nanotyrannus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9ACCEACEFFCCFFA5FC4AF870FBBEF81E" box="[983,1124,1989,2010]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Nanotyrannus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) or short and tall (
<taxonomicName id="6FB84D5FFFCCFFA5FABAF870FA62F81E" box="[1319,1464,1989,2010]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Tyrannosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9ACCEACEFFCCFFA5FABAF870FA62F81E" box="[1319,1464,1989,2010]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Tyrannosaurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
);
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="1688349EFFCC0055FE57F854FA1DF833" box="[458,1479,2017,2039]" gridrow="56" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<td id="55595DE2FFCC0055FE57F854FE2EF833" box="[458,500,2017,2039]" gridcol="0" gridrow="56" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">125.</td>
<td id="55595DE2FFCC0055FD9BF854FA1DF833" box="[518,1479,2017,2039]" gridcol="1" gridrow="56" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
Angular, posteroventral margin strongly convex (
<taxonomicName id="6FB84D5FFFCCFFA5FB8CF857FB45F833" box="[1041,1183,2018,2039]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Nanotyrannus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9ACCEACEFFCCFFA5FB8CF857FB45F833" box="[1041,1183,2018,2039]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Nanotyrannus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) or relatively straight
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="1688349EFFCC0055FE57F84BFA1DF7D0" box="[458,1479,2046,2068]" gridrow="57" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" rowspan-0="1">
<td id="55595DE2FFCC0055FD9BF84BFA1DF7D0" box="[518,1479,2046,2068]" gridcol="1" gridrow="57" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
(
<taxonomicName id="6FB84D5FFFCCFFA5FD93F84AFD7BF7D0" box="[526,673,2047,2068]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Tyrannosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9ACCEACEFFCCFFA5FD93F84AFD7BF7D0" box="[526,673,2047,2068]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Tyrannosaurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
);
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="1688349EFFCC0055FE57F7AEFA1DF7F5" box="[458,1479,2075,2097]" gridrow="58" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<td id="55595DE2FFCC0055FE57F7AEFE2EF7F5" box="[458,500,2075,2097]" gridcol="0" gridrow="58" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">126.</td>
<td id="55595DE2FFCC0055FD9BF7AEFA1DF7F5" box="[518,1479,2075,2097]" gridcol="1" gridrow="58" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
Prearticular, weakly bowed (
<taxonomicName id="6FB84D5FFFCCFFA5FCAAF7A9FC1FF7F5" box="[823,965,2076,2097]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Nanotyrannus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9ACCEACEFFCCFFA5FCAAF7A9FC1FF7F5" box="[823,965,2076,2097]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Nanotyrannus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) or strongly bowed (
<taxonomicName id="6FB84D5FFFCCFFA5FB3EF7A9FAECF7F5" box="[1187,1334,2076,2097]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Tyrannosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9ACCEACEFFCCFFA5FB3EF7A9FAECF7F5" box="[1187,1334,2076,2097]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Tyrannosaurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
);
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<caption id="FCC76654FFD3FFBAFE26FF5AFD97FEC1" box="[443,589,239,261]" isContinuationCaption="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" startId="16.[443,503,239,260]" targetBox="[458,1478,301,2097]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="16" targetType="table">
<paragraph id="A80736DCFFD3FFBAFE26FF5AFD97FEC1" blockId="16.[443,589,239,261]" box="[443,589,239,261]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<emphasis id="9ACCEACEFFD3FFBAFE26FF5AFDD5FEC0" bold="true" box="[443,527,239,260]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Table 4.</emphasis>
Cont.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="A80736DCFFD3FFBAFE57FE98FB31F7F5" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<table id="DAB8C47CFFD30055FE57FE98FA1CF7F5" box="[458,1478,301,2097]" colsContinueFrom="15.[458,1479,301,2097]" gridcols="2" gridrows="59" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<tr id="1688349EFFD30055FE57FE98FA1CFE87" box="[458,1478,301,323]" gridrow="0" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<th id="55595DE2FFD30055FE57FE98FE2EFE87" box="[458,500,301,323]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">127.</th>
<th id="55595DE2FFD30055FD9BFE98FA1CFE87" box="[518,1478,301,323]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
Prearticular, midshaft flattened, plate-like (
<taxonomicName id="6FB84D5FFFD3FFBAFC50FE98FB81FE86" box="[973,1115,301,322]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Nanotyrannus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9ACCEACEFFD3FFBAFC50FE98FB81FE86" box="[973,1115,301,322]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Nanotyrannus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) or rounded, width and height
</th>
</tr>
<tr id="1688349EFFD30055FE57FEFFFA1CFEA4" box="[458,1478,330,352]" gridrow="1" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" rowspan-0="1">
<td id="55595DE2FFD30055FD9BFEFFFA1CFEA4" box="[518,1478,330,352]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
subequal (
<taxonomicName id="6FB84D5FFFD3FFBAFDE8FEFEFCD2FEA4" box="[629,776,331,352]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Tyrannosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9ACCEACEFFD3FFBAFDE8FEFEFCD2FEA4" box="[629,776,331,352]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Tyrannosaurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
)
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="1688349EFFD30055FE57FED2FA1CFEB9" box="[458,1478,359,381]" gridrow="2" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<td id="55595DE2FFD30055FE57FED2FE2EFEB9" box="[458,500,359,381]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">128.</td>
<td id="55595DE2FFD30055FD9BFED2FA1CFEB9" box="[518,1478,359,381]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
Surangular, groove and enlarged foramen absent (
<taxonomicName id="6FB84D5FFFD3FFBAFB88FEDDFB78FEB9" box="[1045,1186,360,381]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Nanotyrannus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9ACCEACEFFD3FFBAFB88FEDDFB78FEB9" box="[1045,1186,360,381]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Nanotyrannus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) or present (
<taxonomicName id="6FB84D5FFFD3FFBAFABAFEDDFA62FEB9" box="[1319,1464,360,381]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Tyrannosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9ACCEACEFFD3FFBAFABAFEDDFA62FEB9" box="[1319,1464,360,381]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Tyrannosaurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
);
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="1688349EFFD30055FE57FE31FA1CFE5E" box="[458,1478,388,410]" gridrow="3" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<td id="55595DE2FFD30055FE57FE31FE2EFE5E" box="[458,500,388,410]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">129.</td>
<td id="55595DE2FFD30055FD9BFE31FA1CFE5E" box="[518,1478,388,410]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
Surangular, lateral shelf short (
<taxonomicName id="6FB84D5FFFD3FFBAFCD5FE30FC0EFE5E" box="[840,980,389,410]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Nanotyrannus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9ACCEACEFFD3FFBAFCD5FE30FC0EFE5E" box="[840,980,389,410]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Nanotyrannus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) or elongate, extending about half the length of
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="1688349EFFD30055FE57FE17FA1CFE7C" box="[458,1478,418,440]" gridrow="4" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" rowspan-0="1">
<td id="55595DE2FFD30055FD9BFE17FA1CFE7C" box="[518,1478,418,440]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
the surangular (
<taxonomicName id="6FB84D5FFFD3FFBAFD2DFE17FC99FE73" box="[688,835,418,439]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Tyrannosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9ACCEACEFFD3FFBAFD2DFE17FC99FE73" box="[688,835,418,439]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Tyrannosaurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
);
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="1688349EFFD30055FE57FE0AFA1CFE11" box="[458,1478,447,469]" gridrow="5" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<td id="55595DE2FFD30055FE57FE0AFE2EFE11" box="[458,500,447,469]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">130.</td>
<td id="55595DE2FFD30055FD9BFE0AFA1CFE11" box="[518,1478,447,469]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
Surangular, shallow below surangular foramen (
<taxonomicName id="6FB84D5FFFD3FFBAFB95FE75FB4CFE11" box="[1032,1174,448,469]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Nanotyrannus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9ACCEACEFFD3FFBAFB95FE75FB4CFE11" box="[1032,1174,448,469]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Nanotyrannus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) versus very deep below
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="1688349EFFD30055FE57FE69FA1CFE36" box="[458,1478,476,498]" gridrow="6" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" rowspan-0="1">
<td id="55595DE2FFD30055FD9BFE69FA1CFE36" box="[518,1478,476,498]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
surangular foramen (
<taxonomicName id="6FB84D5FFFD3FFBAFD75FE68FCA1FE36" box="[744,891,477,498]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Tyrannosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9ACCEACEFFD3FFBAFD75FE68FCA1FE36" box="[744,891,477,498]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Tyrannosaurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
);
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="1688349EFFD30055FE57FE4CFA1CFDCB" box="[458,1478,505,527]" gridrow="7" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<td id="55595DE2FFD30055FE57FE4CFE2EFDCB" box="[458,500,505,527]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">131.</td>
<td id="55595DE2FFD30055FD9BFE4CFA1CFDCB" box="[518,1478,505,527]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
Surangular, long and low (
<taxonomicName id="6FB84D5FFFD3FFBAFCBCFE4FFC75FDCB" box="[801,943,506,527]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Nanotyrannus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9ACCEACEFFD3FFBAFCBCFE4FFC75FDCB" box="[801,943,506,527]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Nanotyrannus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) or short and deep (
<taxonomicName id="6FB84D5FFFD3FFBAFB1BFE4FFAC3FDCB" box="[1158,1305,506,527]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Tyrannosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9ACCEACEFFD3FFBAFB1BFE4FFAC3FDCB" box="[1158,1305,506,527]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Tyrannosaurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) *;
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="1688349EFFD30055FE57FDA2FA1CFDE9" box="[458,1478,535,557]" gridrow="8" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<td id="55595DE2FFD30055FE57FDA2FE2EFDE9" box="[458,500,535,557]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">132.</td>
<td id="55595DE2FFD30055FD9BFDA2FA1CFDE9" box="[518,1478,535,557]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
Surangular, coronoid process weakly developed (
<taxonomicName id="6FB84D5FFFD3FFBAFB9AFDA2FB48FDE8" box="[1031,1170,535,556]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Nanotyrannus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9ACCEACEFFD3FFBAFB9AFDA2FB48FDE8" box="[1031,1170,535,556]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Nanotyrannus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) or tall and anteroposteriorly
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="1688349EFFD30055FE57FD81FA1CFD8E" box="[458,1478,564,586]" gridrow="9" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" rowspan-0="1">
<td id="55595DE2FFD30055FD9BFD81FA1CFD8E" box="[518,1478,564,586]" gridcol="1" gridrow="9" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
expanded (
<taxonomicName id="6FB84D5FFFD3FFBAFDE3FD80FCCBFD8E" box="[638,785,565,586]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Tyrannosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9ACCEACEFFD3FFBAFDE3FD80FCCBFD8E" box="[638,785,565,586]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Tyrannosaurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
);
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="1688349EFFD30055FE57FDE4FA1CFDA3" box="[458,1478,593,615]" gridrow="10" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<td id="55595DE2FFD30055FE57FDE4FE2EFDA3" box="[458,500,593,615]" gridcol="0" gridrow="10" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">133.</td>
<td id="55595DE2FFD30055FD9BFDE4FA1CFDA3" box="[518,1478,593,615]" gridcol="1" gridrow="10" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
Surangular, surangular shelf thin (
<taxonomicName id="6FB84D5FFFD3FFBAFCEEFDE7FBDBFDA3" box="[883,1025,594,615]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Nanotyrannus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9ACCEACEFFD3FFBAFCEEFDE7FBDBFDA3" box="[883,1025,594,615]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Nanotyrannus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) or thick and massive (
<taxonomicName id="6FB84D5FFFD3FFBAFB6AFDE7FA50FDA3" box="[1271,1418,594,615]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Tyrannosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9ACCEACEFFD3FFBAFB6AFDE7FA50FDA3" box="[1271,1418,594,615]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Tyrannosaurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
);
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="1688349EFFD30055FE57FDDBFA1CFD40" box="[458,1478,622,644]" gridrow="11" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<td id="55595DE2FFD30055FE57FDDBFE2EFD40" box="[458,500,622,644]" gridcol="0" gridrow="11" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">134.</td>
<td id="55595DE2FFD30055FD9BFDDBFA1CFD40" box="[518,1478,622,644]" gridcol="1" gridrow="11" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
Surangular, surangular foramen lies just anterior to condyle (
<taxonomicName id="6FB84D5FFFD3FFBAFB1AFDDAFACEFD40" box="[1159,1300,623,644]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Nanotyrannus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9ACCEACEFFD3FFBAFB1AFDDAFACEFD40" box="[1159,1300,623,644]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Nanotyrannus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) or well anterior
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="1688349EFFD30055FE57FD3EFA1CFD65" box="[458,1478,651,673]" gridrow="12" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" rowspan-0="1">
<td id="55595DE2FFD30055FD9BFD3EFA1CFD65" box="[518,1478,651,673]" gridcol="1" gridrow="12" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
to condyle (
<taxonomicName id="6FB84D5FFFD3FFBAFD19FD39FCCDFD65" box="[644,791,652,673]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Tyrannosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9ACCEACEFFD3FFBAFD19FD39FCCDFD65" box="[644,791,652,673]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Tyrannosaurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
);
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="1688349EFFD30055FE57FD1CFA1CFD7B" box="[458,1478,681,703]" gridrow="13" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<td id="55595DE2FFD30055FE57FD1CFE2EFD7B" box="[458,500,681,703]" gridcol="0" gridrow="13" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">135.</td>
<td id="55595DE2FFD30055FD9BFD1CFA1CFD7B" box="[518,1478,681,703]" gridcol="1" gridrow="13" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
Articular, subrectangular medial projection in caudal view (
<taxonomicName id="6FB84D5FFFD3FFBAFBE0FD1CFAD1FD7A" box="[1149,1291,681,702]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Nanotyrannus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9ACCEACEFFD3FFBAFBE0FD1CFAD1FD7A" box="[1149,1291,681,702]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Nanotyrannus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) or articular
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="1688349EFFD30055FE57FD73FA1CFD18" box="[458,1478,710,732]" gridrow="14" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" rowspan-0="1">
<td id="55595DE2FFD30055FD9BFD73FA1CFD18" box="[518,1478,710,732]" gridcol="1" gridrow="14" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
smoothly rounded and semicircular to crescentic in posterior view (
<taxonomicName id="6FB84D5FFFD3FFBAFB4CFD72FABEFD18" box="[1233,1380,711,732]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Tyrannosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9ACCEACEFFD3FFBAFB4CFD72FABEFD18" box="[1233,1380,711,732]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Tyrannosaurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
).
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="1688349EFFD30055FE57FD45FA1CFCC2" box="[458,1478,752,774]" gridrow="15" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<td id="55595DE2FFD30055FE57FD45FA1CFCC2" box="[458,1478,752,774]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" gridcol="0" gridrow="15" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<heading id="F34F81B0FFD3FFBAFE51FD45FDECFCC2" bold="true" box="[460,566,752,774]" fontSize="9" level="2" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" reason="2">
<emphasis id="9ACCEACEFFD3FFBAFE51FD45FDECFCC2" bold="true" box="[460,566,752,774]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Dentition</emphasis>
</heading>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="1688349EFFD30055FE57FCAEFA1CFCF5" box="[458,1478,795,817]" gridrow="16" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<td id="55595DE2FFD30055FE57FCAEFE2EFCF5" box="[458,500,795,817]" gridcol="0" gridrow="16" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">136.</td>
<td id="55595DE2FFD30055FD9BFCAEFA1CFCF5" box="[518,1478,795,817]" gridcol="1" gridrow="16" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
Dentition, premaxillary teeth procumbent (
<taxonomicName id="6FB84D5FFFD3FFBAFC52FCA9FB87FCF5" box="[975,1117,796,817]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Nanotyrannus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9ACCEACEFFD3FFBAFC52FCA9FB87FCF5" box="[975,1117,796,817]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Nanotyrannus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) or project vertically down
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="1688349EFFD30055FE57FC8DFA1CFC8A" box="[458,1478,824,846]" gridrow="17" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" rowspan-0="1">
<td id="55595DE2FFD30055FD9BFC8DFA1CFC8A" box="[518,1478,824,846]" gridcol="1" gridrow="17" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
(
<taxonomicName id="6FB84D5FFFD3FFBAFD93FC8CFD7BFC8A" box="[526,673,825,846]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Tyrannosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9ACCEACEFFD3FFBAFD93FC8CFD7BFC8A" box="[526,673,825,846]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Tyrannosaurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) † (
<emphasis id="9ACCEACEFFD3FFBAFD54FC8DFC8EFC89" box="[713,852,824,845]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">autapomorphy</emphasis>
);
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="1688349EFFD30055FE57FCE0FA1CFCAF" box="[458,1478,853,875]" gridrow="18" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<td id="55595DE2FFD30055FE57FCE0FE2EFCAF" box="[458,500,853,875]" gridcol="0" gridrow="18" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">137.</td>
<td id="55595DE2FFD30055FD9BFCE0FA1CFCAF" box="[518,1478,853,875]" gridcol="1" gridrow="18" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
Dentition, premaxillary tooth apices blunt and chisel-like (
<taxonomicName id="6FB84D5FFFD3FFBAFBEDFCE3FB24FCAF" box="[1136,1278,854,875]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Nanotyrannus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9ACCEACEFFD3FFBAFBEDFCE3FB24FCAF" box="[1136,1278,854,875]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Nanotyrannus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) versus sharp and
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="1688349EFFD30055FE57FCC6FA1CFC4D" box="[458,1478,883,905]" gridrow="19" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" rowspan-0="1">
<td id="55595DE2FFD30055FD9BFCC6FA1CFC4D" box="[518,1478,883,905]" gridcol="1" gridrow="19" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
pointed (
<taxonomicName id="6FB84D5FFFD3FFBAFDFAFCC6FD20FC4C" box="[615,762,883,904]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Tyrannosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9ACCEACEFFD3FFBAFDFAFCC6FD20FC4C" box="[615,762,883,904]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Tyrannosaurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) †;
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="1688349EFFD30055FE57FC25FA1CFC62" box="[458,1478,912,934]" gridrow="20" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<td id="55595DE2FFD30055FE57FC25FE2EFC62" box="[458,500,912,934]" gridcol="0" gridrow="20" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">138.</td>
<td id="55595DE2FFD30055FD9BFC25FA1CFC62" box="[518,1478,912,934]" gridcol="1" gridrow="20" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
Dentition, premaxillary teeth unserrated in adults (
<taxonomicName id="6FB84D5FFFD3FFBAFBBEFC24FB6BFC62" box="[1059,1201,913,934]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Nanotyrannus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9ACCEACEFFD3FFBAFBBEFC24FB6BFC62" box="[1059,1201,913,934]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Nanotyrannus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) versus serrated
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="1688349EFFD30055FE57FC18FA1CFC07" box="[458,1478,941,963]" gridrow="21" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" rowspan-0="1">
<td id="55595DE2FFD30055FD9BFC18FA1CFC07" box="[518,1478,941,963]" gridcol="1" gridrow="21" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
(
<taxonomicName id="6FB84D5FFFD3FFBAFD93FC1BFD7BFC07" box="[526,673,942,963]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Tyrannosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9ACCEACEFFD3FFBAFD93FC1BFD7BFC07" box="[526,673,942,963]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Tyrannosaurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) † (autapomorphy);
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="1688349EFFD30055FE57FC7FFA1CFC24" box="[458,1478,970,992]" gridrow="22" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<td id="55595DE2FFD30055FE57FC7FFE2EFC24" box="[458,500,970,992]" gridcol="0" gridrow="22" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">139.</td>
<td id="55595DE2FFD30055FD9BFC7FFA1CFC24" box="[518,1478,970,992]" gridcol="1" gridrow="22" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
Dentition, premaxillary teeth subequal in size (
<taxonomicName id="6FB84D5FFFD3FFBAFC68FC7EFB59FC24" box="[1013,1155,971,992]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Nanotyrannus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9ACCEACEFFD3FFBAFC68FC7EFB59FC24" box="[1013,1155,971,992]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Nanotyrannus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) or first tooth small relative to
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="1688349EFFD30055FE57FC5DFA1CFC3A" box="[458,1478,1000,1022]" gridrow="23" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" rowspan-0="1">
<td id="55595DE2FFD30055FD9BFC5DFA1CFC3A" box="[518,1478,1000,1022]" gridcol="1" gridrow="23" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
successive teeth (
<taxonomicName id="6FB84D5FFFD3FFBAFD20FC5DFC8AFC39" box="[701,848,1000,1021]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Tyrannosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9ACCEACEFFD3FFBAFD20FC5DFC8AFC39" box="[701,848,1000,1021]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Tyrannosaurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) †;
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="1688349EFFD30055FE57FBB0FA1CFBDF" box="[458,1478,1029,1051]" gridrow="24" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<td id="55595DE2FFD30055FE57FBB0FE2EFBDF" box="[458,500,1029,1051]" gridcol="0" gridrow="24" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">140.</td>
<td id="55595DE2FFD30055FD9BFBB0FA1CFBDF" box="[518,1478,1029,1051]" gridcol="1" gridrow="24" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Dentition, number of dentary teeth: 13 (0), 14 (1), 15 (2), 16 (3), 17 (4) †;</td>
</tr>
<tr id="1688349EFFD30055FE57FB97FA1CFBFC" box="[458,1478,1058,1080]" gridrow="25" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<td id="55595DE2FFD30055FE57FB97FE2EFBFC" box="[458,500,1058,1080]" gridcol="0" gridrow="25" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">141.</td>
<td id="55595DE2FFD30055FD9BFB97FA1CFBFC" box="[518,1478,1058,1080]" gridcol="1" gridrow="25" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Dentition, number of maxillary teeth: 11 (0), 12 (1), 13 (2), 14 (3), 15 (4) †;</td>
</tr>
<tr id="1688349EFFD30055FE57FB8AFA1CFB91" box="[458,1478,1087,1109]" gridrow="26" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<td id="55595DE2FFD30055FE57FB8AFE2EFB91" box="[458,500,1087,1109]" gridcol="0" gridrow="26" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">142.</td>
<td id="55595DE2FFD30055FD9BFB8AFA1CFB91" box="[518,1478,1087,1109]" gridcol="1" gridrow="26" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
Dentition, maxilla with a small, incisiform first tooth (
<taxonomicName id="6FB84D5FFFD3FFBAFBDDFBF5FB14FB91" box="[1088,1230,1088,1109]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Nanotyrannus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9ACCEACEFFD3FFBAFBDDFBF5FB14FB91" box="[1088,1230,1088,1109]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Nanotyrannus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) or maxilla with large
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="1688349EFFD30055FE57FBE9FA1CFBB6" box="[458,1478,1116,1138]" gridrow="27" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" rowspan-0="1">
<td id="55595DE2FFD30055FD9BFBE9FA1CFBB6" box="[518,1478,1116,1138]" gridcol="1" gridrow="27" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
and pointed first tooth (
<taxonomicName id="6FB84D5FFFD3FFBAFC9EFBE8FC4CFBB6" box="[771,918,1117,1138]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Tyrannosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9ACCEACEFFD3FFBAFC9EFBE8FC4CFBB6" box="[771,918,1117,1138]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Tyrannosaurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) †;
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="1688349EFFD30055FE57FBCFFA1CFB54" box="[458,1478,1146,1168]" gridrow="28" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<td id="55595DE2FFD30055FE57FBCFFE2EFB54" box="[458,500,1146,1168]" gridcol="0" gridrow="28" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">143.</td>
<td id="55595DE2FFD30055FD9BFBCFFA1CFB54" box="[518,1478,1146,1168]" gridcol="1" gridrow="28" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Dentition, maxillary and dentary teeth laterally compressed and with rectangular bases</td>
</tr>
<tr id="1688349EFFD30055FE57FB22FA1CFB69" box="[458,1478,1175,1197]" gridrow="29" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" rowspan-0="1">
<td id="55595DE2FFD30055FD9BFB22FA1CFB69" box="[518,1478,1175,1197]" gridcol="1" gridrow="29" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
(
<taxonomicName id="6FB84D5FFFD3FFBAFD93FB2DFD46FB69" box="[526,668,1176,1197]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Nanotyrannus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9ACCEACEFFD3FFBAFD93FB2DFD46FB69" box="[526,668,1176,1197]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Nanotyrannus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) versus broad and ovate (
<taxonomicName id="6FB84D5FFFD3FFBAFC32FB2DFB98FB69" box="[943,1090,1176,1197]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Tyrannosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9ACCEACEFFD3FFBAFC32FB2DFB98FB69" box="[943,1090,1176,1197]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Tyrannosaurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) *;
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="1688349EFFD30055FE57FB01FA1CFB0E" box="[458,1478,1204,1226]" gridrow="30" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<td id="55595DE2FFD30055FE57FB01FE2EFB0E" box="[458,500,1204,1226]" gridcol="0" gridrow="30" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">144.</td>
<td id="55595DE2FFD30055FD9BFB01FA1CFB0E" box="[518,1478,1204,1226]" gridcol="1" gridrow="30" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Dentition, anterior teeth of maxilla and dentary not markedly enlarged relative to more</td>
</tr>
<tr id="1688349EFFD30055FE57FB64FA1CFB23" box="[458,1478,1233,1255]" gridrow="31" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" rowspan-0="1">
<td id="55595DE2FFD30055FD9BFB64FA1CFB23" box="[518,1478,1233,1255]" gridcol="1" gridrow="31" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
posterior teeth (
<taxonomicName id="6FB84D5FFFD3FFBAFD33FB67FCE6FB23" box="[686,828,1234,1255]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Nanotyrannus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9ACCEACEFFD3FFBAFD33FB67FCE6FB23" box="[686,828,1234,1255]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Nanotyrannus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) or caniniform teeth in anterior maxilla and dentary
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="1688349EFFD30055FE57FB5AFA1CFAC0" box="[458,1478,1263,1284]" gridrow="32" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" rowspan-0="1">
<td id="55595DE2FFD30055FD9BFB5AFA1CFAC0" box="[518,1478,1263,1284]" gridcol="1" gridrow="32" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
(
<taxonomicName id="6FB84D5FFFD3FFBAFD93FB5AFD7BFAC0" box="[526,673,1263,1284]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Tyrannosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9ACCEACEFFD3FFBAFD93FB5AFD7BFAC0" box="[526,673,1263,1284]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Tyrannosaurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) †;
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="1688349EFFD30055FE57FAACFA1CFAEB" box="[458,1478,1305,1327]" gridrow="33" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<td id="55595DE2FFD30055FE57FAACFA1CFAEB" box="[458,1478,1305,1327]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" gridcol="0" gridrow="33" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<heading id="F34F81B0FFD3FFBAFE51FAACFDE7FAEB" bold="true" box="[460,573,1305,1327]" fontSize="9" level="2" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" reason="2">
<emphasis id="9ACCEACEFFD3FFBAFE51FAACFDE7FAEB" bold="true" box="[460,573,1305,1327]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Postcrania</emphasis>
</heading>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="1688349EFFD30055FE57FAF6FA1CFA9E" box="[458,1478,1347,1370]" gridrow="34" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<td id="55595DE2FFD30055FE57FAF6FE2EFA9E" box="[458,500,1347,1370]" gridcol="0" gridrow="34" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">145.</td>
<td id="55595DE2FFD30055FD9BFAF6FA1CFA9E" box="[518,1478,1347,1370]" gridcol="1" gridrow="34" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
Scapula, broad shaft relative to coracoid articulation (
<taxonomicName id="6FB84D5FFFD3FFBAFBA6FAF1FB13FA9D" box="[1083,1225,1348,1369]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Nanotyrannus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9ACCEACEFFD3FFBAFBA6FAF1FB13FA9D" box="[1083,1225,1348,1369]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Nanotyrannus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) or narrow neck and
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="1688349EFFD30055FE57FAD4FA1CFAB3" box="[458,1478,1377,1399]" gridrow="35" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" rowspan-0="1">
<td id="55595DE2FFD30055FD9BFAD4FA1CFAB3" box="[518,1478,1377,1399]" gridcol="1" gridrow="35" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">very broad coracoid expansion, about three times width of shaft just above the acromion</td>
</tr>
<tr id="1688349EFFD30055FE57FACBFA1CFA50" box="[458,1478,1406,1428]" gridrow="36" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" rowspan-0="1">
<td id="55595DE2FFD30055FD9BFACBFA1CFA50" box="[518,1478,1406,1428]" gridcol="1" gridrow="36" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
(
<taxonomicName id="6FB84D5FFFD3FFBAFD93FACAFD7BFA50" box="[526,673,1407,1428]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Tyrannosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9ACCEACEFFD3FFBAFD93FACAFD7BFA50" box="[526,673,1407,1428]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Tyrannosaurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
);
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="1688349EFFD30055FE57FA2EFA1CFA75" box="[458,1478,1435,1457]" gridrow="37" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<td id="55595DE2FFD30055FE57FA2EFE2EFA75" box="[458,500,1435,1457]" gridcol="0" gridrow="37" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">146.</td>
<td id="55595DE2FFD30055FD9BFA2EFA1CFA75" box="[518,1478,1435,1457]" gridcol="1" gridrow="37" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
Coracoid, short and wide (
<taxonomicName id="6FB84D5FFFD3FFBAFC80FA29FC73FA75" box="[797,937,1436,1457]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Nanotyrannus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9ACCEACEFFD3FFBAFC80FA29FC73FA75" box="[797,937,1436,1457]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Nanotyrannus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) or tall, height about equal to width across scapular
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="1688349EFFD30055FE57FA0DFA1CFA0A" box="[458,1478,1464,1486]" gridrow="38" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" rowspan-0="1">
<td id="55595DE2FFD30055FD9BFA0DFA1CFA0A" box="[518,1478,1464,1486]" gridcol="1" gridrow="38" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
facet (
<taxonomicName id="6FB84D5FFFD3FFBAFDDAFA0CFD00FA0A" box="[583,730,1465,1486]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Tyrannosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9ACCEACEFFD3FFBAFDDAFA0CFD00FA0A" box="[583,730,1465,1486]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Tyrannosaurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
);
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="1688349EFFD30055FE57FA63FA1CFA28" box="[458,1478,1494,1516]" gridrow="39" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<td id="55595DE2FFD30055FE57FA63FE2EFA28" box="[458,500,1494,1516]" gridcol="0" gridrow="39" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">147.</td>
<td id="55595DE2FFD30055FD9BFA63FA1CFA28" box="[518,1478,1494,1516]" gridcol="1" gridrow="39" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
Humerus, proximal head small and ellipsoidal (
<taxonomicName id="6FB84D5FFFD3FFBAFB9CFA63FB55FA2F" box="[1025,1167,1494,1515]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Nanotyrannus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9ACCEACEFFD3FFBAFB9CFA63FB55FA2F" box="[1025,1167,1494,1515]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Nanotyrannus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) or massive, bulbous, and
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="1688349EFFD30055FE57FA46FA1CF9CD" box="[458,1478,1523,1545]" gridrow="40" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" rowspan-0="1">
<td id="55595DE2FFD30055FD9BFA46FA1CF9CD" box="[518,1478,1523,1545]" gridcol="1" gridrow="40" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
proximally projecting (
<taxonomicName id="6FB84D5FFFD3FFBAFD65FA41FC51F9CD" box="[760,907,1524,1545]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Tyrannosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9ACCEACEFFD3FFBAFD65FA41FC51F9CD" box="[760,907,1524,1545]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Tyrannosaurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
);
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="1688349EFFD30055FE57F9A5FA1CF9E2" box="[458,1478,1552,1574]" gridrow="41" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<td id="55595DE2FFD30055FE57F9A5FE2EF9E2" box="[458,500,1552,1574]" gridcol="0" gridrow="41" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">148.</td>
<td id="55595DE2FFD30055FD9BF9A5FA1CF9E2" box="[518,1478,1552,1574]" gridcol="1" gridrow="41" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
Humerus, internal tuberosity small, well-differentiated, and distally placed (
<taxonomicName id="6FB84D5FFFD3FFBAFAB3F9A4FA66F9E2" box="[1326,1468,1553,1574]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Nanotyrannus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9ACCEACEFFD3FFBAFAB3F9A4FA66F9E2" box="[1326,1468,1553,1574]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Nanotyrannus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
)
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="1688349EFFD30055FE57F998FA1CF987" box="[458,1478,1581,1603]" gridrow="42" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" rowspan-0="1">
<td id="55595DE2FFD30055FD9BF998FA1CF987" box="[518,1478,1581,1603]" gridcol="1" gridrow="42" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
or large, poorly differentiated, and proximally placed (
<taxonomicName id="6FB84D5FFFD3FFBAFBD5F99BFB01F987" box="[1096,1243,1582,1603]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Tyrannosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9ACCEACEFFD3FFBAFBD5F99BFB01F987" box="[1096,1243,1582,1603]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Tyrannosaurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
);
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="1688349EFFD30055FE57F9FEFA1CF9A5" box="[458,1478,1611,1633]" gridrow="43" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<td id="55595DE2FFD30055FE57F9FEFE2EF9A5" box="[458,500,1611,1633]" gridcol="0" gridrow="43" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">149.</td>
<td id="55595DE2FFD30055FD9BF9FEFA1CF9A5" box="[518,1478,1611,1633]" gridcol="1" gridrow="43" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
Manus, manual unguals large (
<taxonomicName id="6FB84D5FFFD3FFBAFCCDF9FEFC04F9A4" box="[848,990,1611,1632]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Nanotyrannus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9ACCEACEFFD3FFBAFCCDF9FEFC04F9A4" box="[848,990,1611,1632]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Nanotyrannus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) or highly reduced (
<taxonomicName id="6FB84D5FFFD3FFBAFB2AF9FEFA90F9A4" box="[1207,1354,1611,1632]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Tyrannosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9ACCEACEFFD3FFBAFB2AF9FEFA90F9A4" box="[1207,1354,1611,1632]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Tyrannosaurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
);
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="1688349EFFD30055FE57F9DDFA1CF9BA" box="[458,1478,1640,1662]" gridrow="44" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<td id="55595DE2FFD30055FE57F9DDFE2EF9BA" box="[458,500,1640,1662]" gridcol="0" gridrow="44" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">150.</td>
<td id="55595DE2FFD30055FD9BF9DDFA1CF9BA" box="[518,1478,1640,1662]" gridcol="1" gridrow="44" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
Ilium, blade long and low (
<taxonomicName id="6FB84D5FFFD3FFBAFCBBF9DDFC6EF9B9" box="[806,948,1640,1661]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Nanotyrannus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9ACCEACEFFD3FFBAFCBBF9DDFC6EF9B9" box="[806,948,1640,1661]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Nanotyrannus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) or tall (
<taxonomicName id="6FB84D5FFFD3FFBAFB92F9DDFB78F9B9" box="[1039,1186,1640,1661]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Tyrannosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9ACCEACEFFD3FFBAFB92F9DDFB78F9B9" box="[1039,1186,1640,1661]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Tyrannosaurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
);
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="1688349EFFD30055FE57F930FA1CF95F" box="[458,1478,1669,1691]" gridrow="45" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<td id="55595DE2FFD30055FE57F930FE2EF95F" box="[458,500,1669,1691]" gridcol="0" gridrow="45" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">151.</td>
<td id="55595DE2FFD30055FD9BF930FA1CF95F" box="[518,1478,1669,1691]" gridcol="1" gridrow="45" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
Ilium, blade with a straight dorsal margin (
<taxonomicName id="6FB84D5FFFD3FFBAFC52F933FB87F95F" box="[975,1117,1670,1691]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Nanotyrannus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9ACCEACEFFD3FFBAFC52F933FB87F95F" box="[975,1117,1670,1691]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Nanotyrannus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) versus convex (
<taxonomicName id="6FB84D5FFFD3FFBAFA92F933FA78F95F" box="[1295,1442,1670,1691]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Tyrannosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9ACCEACEFFD3FFBAFA92F933FA78F95F" box="[1295,1442,1670,1691]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Tyrannosaurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
);
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="1688349EFFD30055FE57F917FA1CF97C" box="[458,1478,1698,1720]" gridrow="46" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<td id="55595DE2FFD30055FE57F917FE2EF97C" box="[458,500,1698,1720]" gridcol="0" gridrow="46" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">152.</td>
<td id="55595DE2FFD30055FD9BF917FA1CF97C" box="[518,1478,1698,1720]" gridcol="1" gridrow="46" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
Pubis, pubic boot slender (
<taxonomicName id="6FB84D5FFFD3FFBAFCBCF916FC75F97C" box="[801,943,1699,1720]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Nanotyrannus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9ACCEACEFFD3FFBAFCBCF916FC75F97C" box="[801,943,1699,1720]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Nanotyrannus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) deep in lateral view (
<taxonomicName id="6FB84D5FFFD3FFBAFB01F916FAF5F97C" box="[1180,1327,1699,1720]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Tyrannosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9ACCEACEFFD3FFBAFB01F916FAF5F97C" box="[1180,1327,1699,1720]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Tyrannosaurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
);
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="1688349EFFD30055FE57F90AFA1CF911" box="[458,1478,1727,1749]" gridrow="47" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<td id="55595DE2FFD30055FE57F90AFE2EF911" box="[458,500,1727,1749]" gridcol="0" gridrow="47" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">153.</td>
<td id="55595DE2FFD30055FD9BF90AFA1CF911" box="[518,1478,1727,1749]" gridcol="1" gridrow="47" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
Femur, femur with large accessory trochanter (
<taxonomicName id="6FB84D5FFFD3FFBAFC76F975FBACF911" box="[1003,1142,1728,1749]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Nanotyrannus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9ACCEACEFFD3FFBAFC76F975FBACF911" box="[1003,1142,1728,1749]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Nanotyrannus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) or a small accessory trochanter
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="1688349EFFD30055FE57F968FA1CF936" box="[458,1478,1757,1778]" gridrow="48" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" rowspan-0="1">
<td id="55595DE2FFD30055FD9BF968FA1CF936" box="[518,1478,1757,1778]" gridcol="1" gridrow="48" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
(
<taxonomicName id="6FB84D5FFFD3FFBAFD93F968FD7BF936" box="[526,673,1757,1778]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Tyrannosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9ACCEACEFFD3FFBAFD93F968FD7BF936" box="[526,673,1757,1778]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Tyrannosaurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
);
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="1688349EFFD30055FE57F94FFA1CF8D4" box="[458,1478,1786,1808]" gridrow="49" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<td id="55595DE2FFD30055FE57F94FFE2EF8D4" box="[458,500,1786,1808]" gridcol="0" gridrow="49" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">154.</td>
<td id="55595DE2FFD30055FD9BF94FFA1CF8D4" box="[518,1478,1786,1808]" gridcol="1" gridrow="49" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
Femur, femoral head elevated (
<taxonomicName id="6FB84D5FFFD3FFBAFCCDF94EFC04F8D4" box="[848,990,1787,1808]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Nanotyrannus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9ACCEACEFFD3FFBAFCCDF94EFC04F8D4" box="[848,990,1787,1808]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Nanotyrannus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) versus weakly elevated (
<taxonomicName id="6FB84D5FFFD3FFBAFB6CF94EFA5EF8D4" box="[1265,1412,1787,1808]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Tyrannosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9ACCEACEFFD3FFBAFB6CF94EFA5EF8D4" box="[1265,1412,1787,1808]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Tyrannosaurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
);
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="1688349EFFD30055FE57F8A2FA1CF8E9" box="[458,1478,1815,1837]" gridrow="50" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<td id="55595DE2FFD30055FE57F8A2FE2EF8E9" box="[458,500,1815,1837]" gridcol="0" gridrow="50" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">155.</td>
<td id="55595DE2FFD30055FD9BF8A2FA1CF8E9" box="[518,1478,1815,1837]" gridcol="1" gridrow="50" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
Femur, fourth trochanter small (
<taxonomicName id="6FB84D5FFFD3FFBAFCC4F8A2FC2EF8E9" box="[857,1012,1815,1837]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Nanotyrannus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Nanotyrannus</taxonomicName>
) versus massive (
<taxonomicName id="6FB84D5FFFD3FFBAFB2DF8ADFA99F8E9" box="[1200,1347,1816,1837]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Tyrannosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9ACCEACEFFD3FFBAFB2DF8ADFA99F8E9" box="[1200,1347,1816,1837]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Tyrannosaurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
);
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="1688349EFFD30055FE57F881FA1CF88E" box="[458,1478,1844,1866]" gridrow="51" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<td id="55595DE2FFD30055FE57F881FE2EF88E" box="[458,500,1844,1866]" gridcol="0" gridrow="51" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">156.</td>
<td id="55595DE2FFD30055FD9BF881FA1CF88E" box="[518,1478,1844,1866]" gridcol="1" gridrow="51" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
Tibia, cnemial crest long and narrow, tapering and triangular in profile (
<taxonomicName id="6FB84D5FFFD3FFBAFB60F880FA51F88E" box="[1277,1419,1845,1866]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Nanotyrannus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9ACCEACEFFD3FFBAFB60F880FA51F88E" box="[1277,1419,1845,1866]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Nanotyrannus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) or
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="1688349EFFD30055FE57F8E7FA1CF8AC" box="[458,1478,1874,1896]" gridrow="52" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" rowspan-0="1">
<td id="55595DE2FFD30055FD9BF8E7FA1CF8AC" box="[518,1478,1874,1896]" gridcol="1" gridrow="52" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
proportionately short and broad, with a squared-off end (
<taxonomicName id="6FB84D5FFFD3FFBAFBF8F8E7FB22F8A3" box="[1125,1272,1874,1895]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Tyrannosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9ACCEACEFFD3FFBAFBF8F8E7FB22F8A3" box="[1125,1272,1874,1895]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Tyrannosaurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
);
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="1688349EFFD30055FE57F8DAFA1CF841" box="[458,1478,1903,1925]" gridrow="53" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<td id="55595DE2FFD30055FE57F8DAFE2EF841" box="[458,500,1903,1925]" gridcol="0" gridrow="53" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">157.</td>
<td id="55595DE2FFD30055FD9BF8DAFA1CF841" box="[518,1478,1903,1925]" gridcol="1" gridrow="53" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
Metatarsus, shaft of metatarsal III straight (
<taxonomicName id="6FB84D5FFFD3FFBAFC52F8DAFB87F840" box="[975,1117,1903,1924]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Nanotyrannus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9ACCEACEFFD3FFBAFC52F8DAFB87F840" box="[975,1117,1903,1924]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Nanotyrannus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) or twisted in anterior view
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="1688349EFFD30055FE57F839FA1CF866" box="[458,1478,1932,1954]" gridrow="54" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" rowspan-0="1">
<td id="55595DE2FFD30055FD9BF839FA1CF866" box="[518,1478,1932,1954]" gridcol="1" gridrow="54" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<emphasis id="9ACCEACEFFD3FFBAFD9BF839FD72F865" box="[518,680,1932,1953]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
(
<taxonomicName id="6FB84D5FFFD3FFBAFD90F839FD78F865" box="[525,674,1932,1953]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Tyrannosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Tyrannosaurus</taxonomicName>
)
</emphasis>
;
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="1688349EFFD30055FE57F81CFA1CF87B" box="[458,1478,1961,1983]" gridrow="55" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<td id="55595DE2FFD30055FE57F81CFE2EF87B" box="[458,500,1961,1983]" gridcol="0" gridrow="55" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">158.</td>
<td id="55595DE2FFD30055FD9BF81CFA1CF87B" box="[518,1478,1961,1983]" gridcol="1" gridrow="55" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
Metatarsal III, ventral surface of MT III with a narrow keel (
<taxonomicName id="6FB84D5FFFD3FFBAFBECF81FFB26F87B" box="[1137,1276,1962,1983]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Nanotyrannus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9ACCEACEFFD3FFBAFBECF81FFB26F87B" box="[1137,1276,1962,1983]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Nanotyrannus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) or a broad ventral
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="1688349EFFD30055FE57F873FA1CF818" box="[458,1478,1990,2012]" gridrow="56" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" rowspan-0="1">
<td id="55595DE2FFD30055FD9BF873FA1CF818" box="[518,1478,1990,2012]" gridcol="1" gridrow="56" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
tubercle or ‘pillar’ (
<taxonomicName id="6FB84D5FFFD3FFBAFD49F872FCBDF818" box="[724,871,1991,2012]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Tyrannosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9ACCEACEFFD3FFBAFD49F872FCBDF818" box="[724,871,1991,2012]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Tyrannosaurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
);
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="1688349EFFD30055FE57F844FA1CF7C3" box="[458,1478,2033,2055]" gridrow="57" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<td id="55595DE2FFD30055FE57F844FA1CF7C3" box="[458,1478,2033,2055]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" gridcol="0" gridrow="57" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<heading id="F34F81B0FFD3FFBAFE51F844FDE3F7C3" bold="true" box="[460,569,2033,2055]" fontSize="9" level="2" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" reason="2">
<emphasis id="9ACCEACEFFD3FFBAFE51F844FDE3F7C3" bold="true" box="[460,569,2033,2055]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Body Size</emphasis>
</heading>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="1688349EFFD30055FE57F7AEFA1CF7F5" box="[458,1478,2075,2097]" gridrow="58" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<td id="55595DE2FFD30055FE57F7AEFE2EF7F5" box="[458,500,2075,2097]" gridcol="0" gridrow="58" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">159.</td>
<td id="55595DE2FFD30055FD9BF7AEFA1CF7F5" box="[518,1478,2075,2097]" gridcol="1" gridrow="58" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
Small size (estimated skull length ≤ 
<quantity id="6F409B39FFD3FFBAFC14F7A9FC12F7F5" box="[905,968,2076,2097]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" unit="cm" value="90.0">90 cm</quantity>
) or large (&gt;90 skull length);
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<caption id="FCC76654FFD2FFBBFE21F83CFA0EF805" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10535277" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10535277" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10535277/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" startId="17.[444,516,1929,1951]" targetBox="[173,1417,245,1886]" targetPageId="17" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="A80736DCFFD2FFBBFE21F83CFA0EF805" blockId="17.[444,1492,1929,1985]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<emphasis id="9ACCEACEFFD2FFBBFE21F83CFDC7F85A" bold="true" box="[444,541,1929,1951]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Figure 4.</emphasis>
Left maxilla of 
<taxonomicName id="6FB84D5FFFD2FFBBFD54F83FFC69F85A" box="[713,947,1929,1951]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Tyrannosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rex">
<emphasis id="9ACCEACEFFD2FFBBFD54F83FFC5FF85B" box="[713,901,1930,1951]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Tyrannosaurus rex</emphasis>
CM
</taxonomicName>
9380 and right maxilla (reversed) of 
<taxonomicName id="6FB84D5FFFD2FFBBFADFF83FFE25F805" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Nanotyrannus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9ACCEACEFFD2FFBBFADFF83FFA09F85B" box="[1346,1491,1930,1951]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Nanotyrannus</emphasis>
BMRP
</taxonomicName>
2002.4.1 in lateral view, showing anatomical characters differentiating the two. Scale = 10 cm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="FCC76654FFD1FFB8FE21F839FA14F800" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10535279" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10535279" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10535279/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" startId="18.[444,516,1932,1954]" targetBox="[226,1360,249,1888]" targetPageId="18" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="A80736DCFFD1FFB8FE21F839FA14F800" blockId="18.[444,1491,1932,1989]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<emphasis id="9ACCEACEFFD1FFB8FE21F839FDC6F866" bold="true" box="[444,540,1932,1954]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Figure 5.</emphasis>
Left maxilla of 
<taxonomicName id="6FB84D5FFFD1FFB8FD54F838FC5FF866" authority="CM" authorityName="CM" box="[713,901,1933,1954]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Tyrannosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rex">
<emphasis id="9ACCEACEFFD1FFB8FD54F838FC5FF866" box="[713,901,1933,1954]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Tyrannosaurus rex</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
CM 9380 and right maxilla (reversed) of 
<taxonomicName id="6FB84D5FFFD1FFB8FADFF838FA09F866" authority="BMRP" authorityName="BMRP" box="[1346,1491,1933,1954]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Nanotyrannus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9ACCEACEFFD1FFB8FADFF838FA09F866" box="[1346,1491,1933,1954]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Nanotyrannus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
BMRP 2002.4.1, medial view, showing anatomical characters differentiating the two. Scale = 10 cm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="FCC76654FFD0FFB9FE21FBCCFB0FFB75" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10535281" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10535281" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10535281/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" startId="19.[444,516,1145,1167]" targetBox="[150,1431,246,1102]" targetPageId="19" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="A80736DCFFD0FFB9FE21FBCCFB0FFB75" blockId="19.[443,1491,1145,1201]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
<emphasis id="9ACCEACEFFD0FFB9FE21FBCCFDC6FB4A" bold="true" box="[444,540,1145,1167]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Figure 6.</emphasis>
Nasals of 
<taxonomicName id="6FB84D5FFFD0FFB9FD10FBCFFCB5FB4B" box="[653,879,1145,1167]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Tyrannosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9ACCEACEFFD0FFB9FD10FBCFFCF8FB4B" box="[653,802,1146,1167]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Tyrannosaurus</emphasis>
RSM P
</taxonomicName>
2523.8 and nasals of 
<taxonomicName id="6FB84D5FFFD0FFB9FBD0FBCFFAF3FB4A" box="[1101,1321,1145,1167]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Nanotyrannus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9ACCEACEFFD0FFB9FBD0FBCFFB04FB4B" box="[1101,1246,1146,1167]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Nanotyrannus</emphasis>
BMRP
</taxonomicName>
2002.4.1, dorsal view, showing anatomical characters differentiating the two. Scale = 10 cm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="FCC76654FFD0FFB9FE21F800FAA7F829" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10535283" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10535283" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10535283/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" startId="19.[444,513,1973,1995]" targetBox="[154,1441,1238,1930]" targetPageId="19" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="A80736DCFFD0FFB9FE21F800FAA7F829" blockId="19.[444,1491,1973,2030]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
<emphasis id="9ACCEACEFFD0FFB9FE21F800FDC3F80F" bold="true" box="[444,537,1973,1995]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Figure 7.</emphasis>
Right lacrimal of 
<taxonomicName id="6FB84D5FFFD0FFB9FD4EF803FC5DF80F" box="[723,903,1974,1995]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Tyrannosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rex">
<emphasis id="9ACCEACEFFD0FFB9FD4EF803FC5DF80F" box="[723,903,1974,1995]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Tyrannosaurus rex</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
holotype CM 9380 and left lacrimal 
<taxonomicName id="6FB84D5FFFD0FFB9FA9DF803FA09F80F" box="[1280,1491,1974,1995]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Nanotyrannus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9ACCEACEFFD0FFB9FA9DF803FA51F80F" box="[1280,1419,1974,1995]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Nanotyrannus</emphasis>
BMRP
</taxonomicName>
2002.4.1, lateral view, showing anatomical characters differentiating the two. Scale = 10 cm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="FCC76654FFD7FFBEFE21FCF0FA0EFCB9" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10535285" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10535285" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10535285/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" startId="20.[444,516,837,859]" targetBox="[450,1389,242,807]" targetPageId="20" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="A80736DCFFD7FFBEFE21FCF0FA0EFCB9" blockId="20.[444,1492,837,894]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
<emphasis id="9ACCEACEFFD7FFBEFE21FCF0FDC7FC9E" bold="true" box="[444,541,837,859]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Figure 8.</emphasis>
Right postorbital of 
<taxonomicName id="6FB84D5FFFD7FFBEFC98FCF3FBC8FC9E" box="[773,1042,837,859]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Tyrannosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rex">
<emphasis id="9ACCEACEFFD7FFBEFC98FCF3FC1BFC9F" box="[773,961,838,859]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Tyrannosaurus rex</emphasis>
LACM
</taxonomicName>
150167 and left postorbital 
<taxonomicName id="6FB84D5FFFD7FFBEFADFFCF3FE25FCB9" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Nanotyrannus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9ACCEACEFFD7FFBEFADFFCF3FA09FC9F" box="[1346,1491,838,859]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Nanotyrannus</emphasis>
BMRP
</taxonomicName>
2002.4.1 in lateral view, showing anatomical characters differentiating the two. Scale = 10 cm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="FCC76654FFD7FFBEFE21F87DFAC4F7C4" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10535289" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10535289" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10535289/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" startId="20.[444,515,1992,2014]" targetBox="[458,1353,935,1956]" targetPageId="20" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="A80736DCFFD7FFBEFE21F87DFAC4F7C4" blockId="20.[444,1491,1992,2049]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
<emphasis id="9ACCEACEFFD7FFBEFE21F87DFDC1F819" bold="true" box="[444,539,1992,2014]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Figure 9.</emphasis>
Left jugal of 
<taxonomicName id="6FB84D5FFFD7FFBEFD34F87CFC51F81A" box="[681,907,1992,2014]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Tyrannosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9ACCEACEFFD7FFBEFD34F87CFCE4F81A" box="[681,830,1993,2014]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Tyrannosaurus</emphasis>
RSM P
</taxonomicName>
2523.8 and left jugal of 
<taxonomicName id="6FB84D5FFFD7FFBEFB1EF87CFA84F81A" box="[1155,1374,1993,2014]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Nanotyrannus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9ACCEACEFFD7FFBEFB1EF87CFAC9F81A" box="[1155,1299,1993,2014]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Nanotyrannus</emphasis>
BMRP
</taxonomicName>
2002.4.1 in lateral view, showing anatomical characters differentiating the two. Scale = 10 cm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="FCC76654FFD6FFBFFE21FBD3FA0EFB5A" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10535291" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10535291" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10535291/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" startId="21.[444,515,1126,1148]" targetBox="[227,1358,246,1080]" targetPageId="21" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="A80736DCFFD6FFBFFE21FBD3FA0EFB5A" blockId="21.[444,1492,1126,1182]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<emphasis id="9ACCEACEFFD6FFBFFE21FBD3FDFDFBBF" bold="true" box="[444,551,1126,1148]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Figure 10.</emphasis>
Right squamosal of 
<taxonomicName id="6FB84D5FFFD6FFBFFC9EFBD2FC1FFBBF" box="[771,965,1126,1148]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Tyrannosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9ACCEACEFFD6FFBFFC9EFBD2FC4DFBB8" box="[771,919,1127,1148]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Tyrannosaurus</emphasis>
CM
</taxonomicName>
9380 and left squamosal (reversed) 
<taxonomicName id="6FB84D5FFFD6FFBFFAD9FBD2FE24FB5A" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Nanotyrannus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9ACCEACEFFD6FFBFFAD9FBD2FA0EFBB8" box="[1348,1492,1127,1148]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Nanotyrannus</emphasis>
BMRP
</taxonomicName>
2002.4.1 in ventral view, showing anatomical characters differentiating the two. Scale = 10 cm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="FCC76654FFD6FFBFFE21F8E4FD9EF86F" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10535293" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10535293" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10535293/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" startId="21.[444,516,1873,1895]" targetBox="[235,1362,1226,1835]" targetPageId="21" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="A80736DCFFD6FFBFFE21F8E4FD9EF86F" blockId="21.[444,1496,1873,1963]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<emphasis id="9ACCEACEFFD6FFBFFE21F8E4FDF2F8A2" bold="true" box="[444,552,1873,1895]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Figure 11.</emphasis>
Left ectopterygoid of 
<taxonomicName id="6FB84D5FFFD6FFBFFC85F8E7FC20F8A3" box="[792,1018,1873,1895]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Tyrannosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9ACCEACEFFD6FFBFFC85F8E7FC74F8A3" box="[792,942,1874,1895]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Tyrannosaurus</emphasis>
RSM P
</taxonomicName>
2523.8 and right ectopterygoid (reversed) of 
<taxonomicName id="6FB84D5FFFD6FFBFFE21F8C1FD4EF84D" box="[444,660,1908,1929]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Nanotyrannus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9ACCEACEFFD6FFBFFE21F8C1FD91F84D" box="[444,587,1908,1929]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Nanotyrannus</emphasis>
BMRP
</taxonomicName>
2002.4.1 in lateral view, showing anatomical characters differentiating the two. Scale = 5 cm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="FCC76654FFD5FFBCFE21F812FD5CF7C5" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10535295" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10535295" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10535295/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" startId="22.[444,513,1959,1981]" targetBox="[219,1364,242,1922]" targetPageId="22" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="A80736DCFFD5FFBCFE21F812FD5CF7C5" blockId="22.[444,1492,1959,2049]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
<emphasis id="9ACCEACEFFD5FFBCFE21F812FDF9F878" bold="true" box="[444,547,1959,1981]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Figure 12.</emphasis>
Left dentary of 
<taxonomicName id="6FB84D5FFFD5FFBCFD5BF812FC79F878" box="[710,931,1959,1980]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Tyrannosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rex">
<emphasis id="9ACCEACEFFD5FFBCFD5BF812FCA2F878" box="[710,888,1959,1980]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Tyrannosaurus rex</emphasis>
CM
</taxonomicName>
9380 and right dentary (reversed) 
<taxonomicName id="6FB84D5FFFD5FFBCFA9CF812FA09F878" box="[1281,1491,1959,1980]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Nanotyrannus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9ACCEACEFFD5FFBCFA9CF812FA56F878" box="[1281,1420,1959,1980]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Nanotyrannus</emphasis>
BMRP
</taxonomicName>
2002.4.1 in lateral (
<emphasis id="9ACCEACEFFD5FFBCFDE2F87CFD78F81A" bold="true" box="[639,674,1993,2014]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">top</emphasis>
) and medial (
<emphasis id="9ACCEACEFFD5FFBCFCA9F87CFCADF81A" bold="true" box="[820,887,1993,2014]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">below</emphasis>
) views, showing anatomical characters differentiating the two. Scale = 10 cm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="FCC76654FFD4FFBDFE21FABDFA0EFA84" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10535297" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10535297" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10535297/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" startId="23.[444,515,1288,1310]" targetBox="[454,1438,243,1248]" targetPageId="23" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="A80736DCFFD4FFBDFE21FABDFA0EFA84" blockId="23.[444,1492,1288,1345]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
<emphasis id="9ACCEACEFFD4FFBDFE21FABDFDFDFAD9" bold="true" box="[444,551,1288,1310]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Figure 13.</emphasis>
Left surangular of 
<taxonomicName id="6FB84D5FFFD4FFBDFD6EFABCFC6FFADA" box="[755,949,1289,1310]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Tyrannosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9ACCEACEFFD4FFBDFD6EFABCFC5CFADA" box="[755,902,1289,1310]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Tyrannosaurus</emphasis>
CM
</taxonomicName>
9380 and right surangular (reversed) 
<taxonomicName id="6FB84D5FFFD4FFBDFAD8FABCFE24FA84" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Nanotyrannus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9ACCEACEFFD4FFBDFAD8FABCFA0EFADA" box="[1349,1492,1289,1310]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Nanotyrannus</emphasis>
BMRP
</taxonomicName>
2002.4.1 in lateral views, showing anatomical characters differentiating the two. Scale = 10 cm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="A80736DCFFD4FFBDFE69FAD0FCD0F929" blockId="23.[442,1493,1380,1907]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
We were able to assess just over half of these characters (80/158) for their stability over the course of development in Tyrannosaurini by examining their expression in juvenile 
<taxonomicName id="6FB84D5FFFD4FFBDFE27FA12FDE4FA7B" box="[442,574,1447,1471]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Tarbosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Tarbosaurus</taxonomicName>
[
<bibRefCitation id="CC294B2DFFD4FFBDFDD0FA12FDB2FA7B" author="Tsuihiji, T. &amp; Watabe, M. &amp; Tsogtbaatar, K. &amp; Tsubamoto, T. &amp; Barsbold, R. &amp; Suzuki, S. &amp; Lee, A. H. &amp; Ridgely, R. C. &amp; Kawahara, Y. &amp; Witmer, L. M." box="[589,616,1447,1471]" journalOrPublisher="J. Vertebr. Paleontol." pageId="23" pageNumber="24" pagination="497 - 517" part="31" refId="ref29685" refString="54. Tsuihiji, T.; Watabe, M.; Tsogtbaatar, K.; Tsubamoto, T.; Barsbold, R.; Suzuki, S.; Lee, A. H.; Ridgely, R. C.; Kawahara, Y.; Witmer, L. M. Cranial osteology of a juvenile specimen of Tarbosaurus bataar (Theropoda, Tyrannosauridae) from the Nemegt Formation (Upper Cretaceous) of Bugin Tsav, Mongolia. J. Vertebr. Paleontol. 2011, 31, 497 - 517. [CrossRef]" title="Cranial osteology of a juvenile specimen of Tarbosaurus bataar (Theropoda, Tyrannosauridae) from the Nemegt Formation (Upper Cretaceous) of Bugin Tsav, Mongolia" type="journal article" year="2011">54</bibRefCitation>
] versus adult 
<taxonomicName id="6FB84D5FFFD4FFBDFC92FA12FC49FA7B" box="[783,915,1447,1471]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Tarbosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Tarbosaurus</taxonomicName>
[
<bibRefCitation id="CC294B2DFFD4FFBDFC3FFA12FC67FA7B" author="Hurum, J. H. &amp; Sabath, K." box="[930,957,1447,1471]" journalOrPublisher="Acta Palaeontol. Pol." pageId="23" pageNumber="24" pagination="161 - 190" part="48" refId="ref29641" refString="53. Hurum, J. H.; Sabath, K. Giant theropod dinosaurs from Asia and North America: Skulls of Tarbosaurus bataar and Tyrannosaurus rex compared. Acta Palaeontol. Pol. 2003, 48, 161 - 190." title="Giant theropod dinosaurs from Asia and North America: Skulls of Tarbosaurus bataar and Tyrannosaurus rex compared" type="journal article" year="2003">53</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="CC294B2DFFD4FFBDFC5EFA1DFC31FA04" author="Maleev, E. A." box="[963,1003,1448,1472]" journalOrPublisher="Dokl. Akad. Nauk. SSSR" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" pagination="779 - 782" part="104" refId="ref32390" refString="101. Maleev, E. A. New carnivorous dinosaurs from the Upper Cretaceous of Mongolia. Dokl. Akad. Nauk. SSSR 1955, 104, 779 - 782." title="New carnivorous dinosaurs from the Upper Cretaceous of Mongolia" type="journal article" year="1955">101</bibRefCitation>
] (or for the frontals, juvenile versus adult 
<taxonomicName id="6FB84D5FFFD4FFBDFE27FA7FFD86FA25" box="[442,604,1482,1505]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Tyrannosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Tyrannosaurus</taxonomicName>
: see below). Not all characters are known for juveniles of 
<taxonomicName id="6FB84D5FFFD4FFBDFA9FFA7CFA52FA25" box="[1282,1416,1481,1505]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Tarbosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Tarbosaurus</taxonomicName>
, and a handful of the characters that diagnose 
<taxonomicName id="6FB84D5FFFD4FFBDFC0EFA5EFBE3F9C6" box="[915,1081,1515,1538]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Tyrannosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Tyrannosaurus</taxonomicName>
do not occur in 
<taxonomicName id="6FB84D5FFFD4FFBDFB67FA5FFA5AF9C6" box="[1274,1408,1514,1538]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Tarbosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Tarbosaurus</taxonomicName>
, but of the 50% of characters that could be assessed, just under half (36 characters, 45%) changed over ontogeny, and slightly more than half (44 characters, 55%) were stable, being visible in young juveniles and adults. It is possible that some characters scored here as ontogenetically stable are absent in very young 
<taxonomicName id="6FB84D5FFFD4FFBDFCBCF9C4FCBAF94C" box="[801,864,1649,1672]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Tyrannosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rex">T. rex</taxonomicName>
, but they do not change over the ranges of size relevant to the 
<taxonomicName id="6FB84D5FFFD4FFBDFD98F926FD7EF96E" box="[517,676,1683,1706]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Nanotyrannus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Nanotyrannus</taxonomicName>
problem. Characters related to the premaxilla, maxilla, and dentition tended to be stable; characters related to the orbit, cranial ornament, and skull roof tended to show ontogenetic change.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A80736DCFFD4FFBDFE69F943FB55F8B7" blockId="23.[442,1493,1380,1907]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">This is meant to be a preliminary study; more specimens and a more thorough analysis of the problem are required. However, if some differences could conceivably be explained by ontogeny, not all can be. Furthermore, there is the issue of whether the distribution of characters in the specimens is consistent with this hypothesis.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="E0A26557FFD4FFB3FE21F822FAE5F81C" lastPageId="25" lastPageNumber="26" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" type="description">
<paragraph id="A80736DCFFD4FFBDFE21F822FBF6F86A" blockId="23.[444,1492,1942,2041]" box="[444,1068,1942,1967]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">3.2.2. Character Distribution and Clustering Analysis</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A80736DCFFD4FFB2FE69F875FDA9FE15" blockId="23.[444,1492,1942,2041]" lastBlockId="24.[442,1497,240,833]" lastPageId="24" lastPageNumber="25" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
The hypothesis that the 
<taxonomicName id="6FB84D5FFFD4FFBDFC94F874FC7EF81C" box="[777,932,1985,2008]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Nanotyrannus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9ACCEACEFFD4FFBDFC94F874FC7EF81C" box="[777,932,1985,2008]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Nanotyrannus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
morphology and the 
<taxonomicName id="6FB84D5FFFD4FFBDFB02F874FAE5F81C" box="[1183,1343,1985,2008]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Tyrannosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9ACCEACEFFD4FFBDFB02F874FAE5F81C" box="[1183,1343,1985,2008]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Tyrannosaurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
morphology represent endpoints of a “growth series” makes a testable prediction about the distribution of the characters distinguishing the two. The “growth series” hypothesis predicts that morphological intermediates must exist between the endpoints of the small 
<taxonomicName id="6FB84D5FFFDBFFB2FAABFEA7FA0EFEED" box="[1334,1492,274,297]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Nanotyrannus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9ACCEACEFFDBFFB2FAABFEA7FA0EFEED" box="[1334,1492,274,297]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Nanotyrannus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
morphology and the large 
<taxonomicName id="6FB84D5FFFDBFFB2FC9CFE81FC98FE8F" box="[769,834,308,331]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Tyrannosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rex">
<emphasis id="9ACCEACEFFDBFFB2FC9CFE81FCC8FE8F" box="[769,786,308,331]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">T</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="9ACCEACEFFDBFFB2FCBDFE81FC98FE8F" box="[800,834,308,331]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">rex</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
morphology. If 
<taxonomicName id="6FB84D5FFFDBFFB2FB96FE81FB76FE8F" authority="is" authorityName="Is" box="[1035,1196,308,331]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Nanotyrannus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="24" pageNumber="46" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9ACCEACEFFDBFFB2FB96FE81FB76FE8F" box="[1035,1196,308,331]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Nanotyrannus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is a juvenile 
<taxonomicName id="6FB84D5FFFDBFFB2FAD0FE81FA55FE8F" box="[1357,1423,308,331]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Tyrannosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rex">
<emphasis id="9ACCEACEFFDBFFB2FAD0FE81FA84FE8F" box="[1357,1374,308,331]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">T</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="9ACCEACEFFDBFFB2FAF0FE81FA55FE8F" box="[1389,1423,308,331]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">rex</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, then the species should progressively pick up 
<taxonomicName id="6FB84D5FFFDBFFB2FC28FEE0FC2CFEA8" box="[949,1014,341,364]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Tyrannosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rex">
<emphasis id="9ACCEACEFFDBFFB2FC28FEE0FC2CFEA8" box="[949,1014,341,364]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">T. rex</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
-like characters. It should exhibit traits intermediate between the two (e.g., a maxilla taller than in 
<taxonomicName id="6FB84D5FFFDBFFB2FBF5FEC2FADEFE4A" box="[1128,1284,375,398]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Nanotyrannus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9ACCEACEFFDBFFB2FBF5FEC2FADEFE4A" box="[1128,1284,375,398]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Nanotyrannus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
but lower than in 
<taxonomicName id="6FB84D5FFFDBFFB2FE27FE2DFE20FE6B" box="[442,506,408,431]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Tyrannosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rex">
<emphasis id="9ACCEACEFFDBFFB2FE27FE2DFE10FE6B" box="[442,458,408,431]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">T</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="9ACCEACEFFDBFFB2FE45FE2DFE20FE6B" box="[472,506,408,431]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">rex</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), or exhibit a mosaic of traits of the two, or some combination of intermediate traits and mosaicism.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A80736DCFFDBFFB2FE69FE6EFC5BFDF1" blockId="24.[442,1497,240,833]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">However, the traits are strongly clustered and show a discrete rather than continuous distribution, with no clear intermediates known. This distribution of traits is inconsistent with the hypothesis of a growth series.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A80736DCFFDBFFB2FE69FD8AFCD5FC85" blockId="24.[442,1497,240,833]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
To visualize these patterns, we performed a clustering analysis. We analyzed the morphological data using a UPGMA clustering analysis (
<figureCitation id="30832A59FFDBFFB2FBC5FDD5FB1CFDBC" box="[1112,1222,608,632]" captionStart="Figure 14" captionStartId="24.[444,514,1694,1716]" captionTargetBox="[175,1401,876,1651]" captionTargetId="graphics-476@24.[175,1401,877,1651]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="Figure 14. Unweighted pair group with arithmetic mean (UPGMA) tree showing distinct clustering of Tyrannosaurus and Nanotyrannus, with no intermediate morphotypes using characters identified in this study (Supplementary Information S2). Of 158 potentially diagnostic morphological characters, almost all are invariant, exclusively found in either Nanotyrannus or Tyrannosaurus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10535299" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10535299/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Figure 14</figureCitation>
) using 
<collectionCode id="CEA9AE19FFDBFFB2FA83FDD5FABFFDBC" box="[1310,1381,608,632]" collectionName="India, Punjab, Ladhiane, Punjab Agricultural University" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">PAUP</collectionCode>
* 4.10 b10 to analyze a matrix of 158 anatomical characters coded for 
<taxonomicName id="6FB84D5FFFDBFFB2FBC3FD36FB23FD5E" box="[1118,1273,643,666]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Nanotyrannus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9ACCEACEFFDBFFB2FBC3FD36FB23FD5E" box="[1118,1273,643,666]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Nanotyrannus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="6FB84D5FFFDBFFB2FAAFFD36FA08FD5E" box="[1330,1490,643,666]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Tyrannosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9ACCEACEFFDBFFB2FAAFFD36FA08FD5E" box="[1330,1490,643,666]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Tyrannosaurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Because a UPGMA tree shows branch lengths as proportional to similarity, it serves to visualize the overall difference between the specimens. If the two represent a growth series, they should form a continuum. Instead, specimens show two discrete clusters, consistent with two separate lineages. A similar pattern (
<figureCitation id="30832A59FFDBFFB2FBDBFCBDFB68FCE4" box="[1094,1202,776,800]" captionStart="Figure 15" captionStartId="25.[444,516,1054,1076]" captionTargetBox="[125,1462,244,1011]" captionTargetId="graphics-247@25.[145,1462,244,970]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="Figure 15. Principal coordinates analysis (PCoA) showing discrete clusters of Tyrannosaurus and Nanotyrannus using characters identified during this study (Supplementary Information S2). The first principal coordinate explains 60.138% of the variation and drives most of the separation between Tyrannosaurus and Nanotyrannus; the second explains 10.921% of the variation." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10535301" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10535301/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Figure 15</figureCitation>
) emerges using principle coordinates analysis (PCoA).
</paragraph>
<caption id="FCC76654FFDBFFB2FE21F92BFAFEF8DE" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10535299" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10535299" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10535299/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" startId="24.[444,514,1694,1716]" targetBox="[175,1401,876,1651]" targetPageId="24" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="A80736DCFFDBFFB2FE21F92BFAFEF8DE" blockId="24.[444,1495,1694,1819]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
<emphasis id="9ACCEACEFFDBFFB2FE21F92BFDFCF977" bold="true" box="[444,550,1694,1716]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Figure 14.</emphasis>
Unweighted pair group with arithmetic mean (UPGMA) tree showing distinct clustering of 
<taxonomicName id="6FB84D5FFFDBFFB2FE4BF974FDBCF912" box="[470,614,1729,1750]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Tyrannosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9ACCEACEFFDBFFB2FE4BF974FDBCF912" box="[470,614,1729,1750]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Tyrannosaurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="6FB84D5FFFDBFFB2FD07F974FCFCF912" box="[666,806,1729,1750]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Nanotyrannus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9ACCEACEFFDBFFB2FD07F974FCFCF912" box="[666,806,1729,1750]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Nanotyrannus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, with no intermediate morphotypes using characters identified in this study (Supplementary Information S2). Of 158 potentially diagnostic morphological characters, almost all are invariant, exclusively found in either 
<taxonomicName id="6FB84D5FFFDBFFB2FC46F8B0FBB3F8DE" box="[987,1129,1797,1818]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Nanotyrannus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9ACCEACEFFDBFFB2FC46F8B0FBB3F8DE" box="[987,1129,1797,1818]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Nanotyrannus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
or 
<taxonomicName id="6FB84D5FFFDBFFB2FB11F8B0FAC5F8DE" box="[1164,1311,1797,1818]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Tyrannosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9ACCEACEFFDBFFB2FB11F8B0FAC5F8DE" box="[1164,1311,1797,1818]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Tyrannosaurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="FCC76654FFDAFFB3FE21FBABFB2FFB5F" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10535301" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10535301" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10535301/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" startId="25.[444,516,1054,1076]" targetBox="[125,1462,244,1011]" targetPageId="25" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="A80736DCFFDAFFB3FE21FBABFB2FFB5F" blockId="25.[442,1491,1054,1179]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
<emphasis id="9ACCEACEFFDAFFB3FE21FBABFDF3FBF7" bold="true" box="[444,553,1054,1076]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Figure 15.</emphasis>
Principal coordinates analysis (PCoA) showing discrete clusters of 
<taxonomicName id="6FB84D5FFFDAFFB3FA90FBAAFA79FBF0" box="[1293,1443,1055,1076]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Tyrannosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9ACCEACEFFDAFFB3FA90FBAAFA79FBF0" box="[1293,1443,1055,1076]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Tyrannosaurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="6FB84D5FFFDAFFB3FE21FBF4FD9DFB92" box="[444,583,1089,1110]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Nanotyrannus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9ACCEACEFFDAFFB3FE21FBF4FD9DFB92" box="[444,583,1089,1110]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Nanotyrannus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
using characters identified during this study (Supplementary Information S2). The first principal coordinate explains 60.138% of the variation and drives most of the separation between 
<taxonomicName id="6FB84D5FFFDAFFB3FE27FB30FD97FB5E" box="[442,589,1157,1178]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Tyrannosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9ACCEACEFFDAFFB3FE27FB30FD97FB5E" box="[442,589,1157,1178]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Tyrannosaurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="6FB84D5FFFDAFFB3FD1CFB30FCD5FB5E" box="[641,783,1157,1178]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Nanotyrannus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9ACCEACEFFDAFFB3FD1CFB30FCD5FB5E" box="[641,783,1157,1178]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Nanotyrannus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; the second explains 10.921% of the variation.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="A80736DCFFDAFFB3FE69FB0AFBE3F9E1" blockId="25.[442,1494,1215,2009]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
The discrete clusters found here are not a result of our choice of characters but reflect the highly dissimilar anatomy of the fossils. This can be shown by repeating the same analysis using the dataset of Carr [
<bibRefCitation id="CC294B2DFFDAFFB3FCC1FAB7FCADFADE" author="Carr, T. D." box="[860,887,1282,1306]" journalOrPublisher="PeerJ" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" pagination="e 9192" part="8" refId="ref27454" refString="10. Carr, T. D. A high-resolution growth series of Tyrannosaurus rex obtained from multiple lines of evidence. PeerJ 2020, 8, e 9192. [CrossRef]" title="A high-resolution growth series of Tyrannosaurus rex obtained from multiple lines of evidence" type="journal article" year="2020">10</bibRefCitation>
]. This character–taxon dataset is meant to capture ontogenetic changes but recovers a similar pattern to the one found with our dataset. This pattern is seen with UPGMA analysis (
<figureCitation id="30832A59FFDAFFB3FCE5FAF1FC3EFA98" box="[888,996,1348,1372]" captionStart="Figure 16" captionStartId="26.[444,514,1082,1104]" captionTargetBox="[253,1335,244,1033]" captionTargetId="graphics-70@26.[253,1335,245,1033]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="Figure 16. Unweighted pair group with arithmetic mean (UPGMA) tree showing distinct clustering of Tyrannosaurus and Nanotyrannus, using the Carr [10] dataset." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10535303" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10535303/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Figure 16</figureCitation>
) and PCoA (
<figureCitation id="30832A59FFDAFFB3FBE5FAF1FB3EFA99" box="[1144,1252,1348,1373]" captionStart="Figure 17" captionStartId="26.[444,515,1922,1944]" captionTargetBox="[243,1342,1178,1879]" captionTargetId="graphics-2358@26.[263,1342,1178,1841]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="Figure 17. Principal coordinates analysis (PCoA) showing the first two principal coordinates using the Carr [10] dataset. Tyrannosaurus and Nanotyrannus form discrete clusters with the exception of Nanotyrannus BMRP 2006.4.4, which lacks cranial material. The first principal coordinate explains 29.348% of the variation; the second principal coordinate explains 6.1163%." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10535305" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10535305/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Figure 17</figureCitation>
). The lone exception is 
<collectionCode id="CEA9AE19FFDAFFB3FE48FAD3FDC5FAB9" box="[469,543,1382,1405]" collectionName="BMRP" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">BMRP</collectionCode>
<date id="DC06101CFFDAFFB3FDBBFAD3FD5EFABA" box="[550,644,1382,1406]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" value="2006-04-04">2006.4.4</date>
, which clusters with 
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<emphasis id="9ACCEACEFFDAFFB3FCE4FAD2FB98FABA" box="[889,1090,1383,1406]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Tyrannosaurus rex</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. This does not seem to result from a strong character signal because (i) the animal lacks cranial material, (ii) the femur was not coded, and (iii) the matrix includes a very large number of subtle characters of the pedal phalanges which (as the material has not been described) we could not verify, but which may drive this pattern. We suspect the placement of 
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<date id="DC06101CFFDAFFB3FBF7FA59FB1FF9C0" box="[1130,1221,1516,1540]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" value="2006-04-04">2006.4.4</date>
is a coding artifact, but further study of the characters and material is needed.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A80736DCFFDAFFB3FE69F99AFBD8F94E" blockId="25.[442,1494,1215,2009]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
Again, variation is discrete; the 
<taxonomicName id="6FB84D5FFFDAFFB3FCF6F985FBCAF983" box="[875,1040,1584,1607]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Tyrannosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9ACCEACEFFDAFFB3FCF6F985FBCAF983" box="[875,1040,1584,1607]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Tyrannosaurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
morphs cluster to the exclusion of the 
<taxonomicName id="6FB84D5FFFDAFFB3FE21F9E4FD86F9AC" box="[444,604,1617,1640]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Nanotyrannus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9ACCEACEFFDAFFB3FE21F9E4FD86F9AC" box="[444,604,1617,1640]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Nanotyrannus</emphasis>
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morphs without intermediates. This pattern is consistent with two distinct evolutionary lineages rather than a growth series.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A80736DCFFDAFFB3FE69F926FAE5F81C" blockId="25.[442,1494,1215,2009]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
Finally, we studied the variation of a discrete, multi-state character, tooth count, versus size (
<figureCitation id="30832A59FFDAFFB3FE67F900FDB6F909" box="[506,620,1717,1741]" captionStart="Figure 18" captionStartId="27.[444,516,1327,1349]" captionTargetBox="[458,1381,248,1291]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="Figure 18. Tooth count versus dentary toothrow length in Nanotyrannus and Tyrannosaurus. Top, maxillary tooth count versus dentary toothrow length; bottom, dentary tooth count versus dentary toothrow length. Tooth count shows no correlation with toothrow length in Tyrannosaurus, suggesting that tooth count does not change with size. Data from Larson [40] and maxilla HRS 0438." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10535307" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10535307/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Figure 18</figureCitation>
), using dentary toothrow length as a size proxy [
<bibRefCitation id="CC294B2DFFDAFFB3FB54F900FB3EF909" author="Larson, P." bookContentInfo="Indiana University Press: Bloomington, IN, USA" box="[1225,1252,1717,1741]" editor="Parrish, J. M. &amp; Molnar, R. E. &amp; Currie, P. J. &amp; Koppelhus, E. B." pageId="25" pageNumber="26" pagination="15 - 53" refId="ref28873" refString="40. Larson, P. The case for Nanotyrannus. In Tyrannosaurid Paleobiology; Parrish, J. M., Molnar, R. E., Currie, P. J., Koppelhus, E. B., Eds.; Indiana University Press: Bloomington, IN, USA, 2013; pp. 15 - 53." title="The case for Nanotyrannus" type="book chapter" volumeTitle="Tyrannosaurid Paleobiology" year="2013">40</bibRefCitation>
]. 
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<emphasis id="9ACCEACEFFDAFFB3FA9CF900FA78F908" box="[1281,1442,1717,1740]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Nanotyrannus</emphasis>
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has more teeth than 
<taxonomicName id="6FB84D5FFFDAFFB3FDE6F962FCC4F92A" box="[635,798,1751,1774]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Tyrannosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9ACCEACEFFDAFFB3FDE6F962FCC4F92A" box="[635,798,1751,1774]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Tyrannosaurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Although tooth count has been hypothesized to change as the animals grow, when the 
<taxonomicName id="6FB84D5FFFDAFFB3FC95F94DFC76F8CB" box="[776,940,1784,1807]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Tyrannosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9ACCEACEFFDAFFB3FC95F94DFC76F8CB" box="[776,940,1784,1807]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Tyrannosaurus</emphasis>
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tooth count is plotted against toothrow length, the slope is almost horizontal, with no clear correlation between toothrow length and maxillary tooth count (
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= 0.0123) or dentary tooth count (
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= 0.0077). This suggests that tooth count, while variable between individuals, does not change markedly as animals grow. 
<taxonomicName id="6FB84D5FFFDAFFB3FD98F8CBFD78F851" box="[517,674,1918,1941]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Nanotyrannus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9ACCEACEFFDAFFB3FD98F8CBFD78F851" box="[517,674,1918,1941]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Nanotyrannus</emphasis>
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shows a slight increase in tooth count with size, but the sample size is small. These results suggest that the difference in tooth count between 
<taxonomicName id="6FB84D5FFFDAFFB3FA9DF815FA45F873" box="[1280,1439,1952,1975]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Nanotyrannus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9ACCEACEFFDAFFB3FA9DF815FA45F873" box="[1280,1439,1952,1975]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Nanotyrannus</emphasis>
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and 
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<emphasis id="9ACCEACEFFDAFFB3FE27F874FD87F81C" box="[442,605,1985,2008]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Tyrannosaurus</emphasis>
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does not result from differences in size and age of the animals.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>