142 lines
14 KiB
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142 lines
14 KiB
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<document id="2DB113C734C29D497EF90E9A4CC21638" ID-CLB-Dataset="45739" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.204440" ID-GBIF-Dataset="3adb68b0-b73e-48f4-a667-d9cbe60e627b" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="204440" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460421794585" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Gilligan, Todd M., Brown, John W. & Hoddle, Mark S." docDate="2011" docId="1D4287B1FF82FFA6FF53FDDEADEBFBE1" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03137p045.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3137" docStyle="DocumentStyle:890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E.4:Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleId="890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Amorbia" docType="treatment" docVersion="11" lastPageNumber="40" masterDocId="E17BFFC9FF8BFFAFFFC4FF83AC70FF87" masterDocTitle="A new avocado pest in Central America (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) with a key to Lepidoptera larvae threatening avocados in California" masterLastPageNumber="45" masterPageNumber="31" pageNumber="40" updateTime="1698330080259" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:titleInfo id="EAD07B7E872087043DC538EF3AF7E419">
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<mods:title id="FBDEB9397C0073472EB0638692683D54">A new avocado pest in Central America (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) with a key to Lepidoptera larvae threatening avocados in California</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="E7092D3B92B63B851232272C3CBB49EE" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="2392BD4A8329AAF0B41E4FB7FCDFE967">Gilligan, Todd M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="3C35629068BE4B36CF72EB1F74A1A2CE">Brown, John W.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name id="B6DE3573E51CFBFD6F7D5BFDE0E381B7" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="3E9F29FD542D63FE2FBF776BF4F34F0F">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="79C091D94B9EA0A951559497C27A3A3F">Hoddle, Mark S.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="15DA4203E46834E658D34DAE6348C183">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="640ADF79DD871332759FA9E0D542BA61">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="A20C9C1448F7D04BECBE0539894DA824">
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<mods:date id="61C463E47E767C83446B1C1B25899C3D">2011</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="200B107BD84C6AF4ACEC5716C1F28B38" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="A36204DB523EB6EB9F8BC85A39A9E4D1">3137</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="22298B182BBCF609BAF34EB43F035822">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="C002E62A7E9309B3CF1A27842A63D544" type="CLB-Dataset">45739</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="4E26417F3CEDCE5CA87CDDACA27071E3" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.204440</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="036B26826354D3BBC28C9F9C490BDEE1" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="97788B2543504F1814ADD540B03AAA62" type="Zenodo-Dep">204440</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="1D4287B1FF82FFA6FF53FDDEADEBFBE1" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5673990" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119427349" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5673990" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:1D4287B1FF82FFA6FF53FDDEADEBFBE1" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/1D4287B1FF82FFA6FF53FDDEADEBFBE1" lastPageNumber="40" pageId="9" pageNumber="40">
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<subSubSection id="DDF1652CFF82FFA6FF53FDDEAEF0FDF0" box="[151,640,605,631]" pageId="9" pageNumber="40" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="955436A7FF82FFA6FF53FDDEAEF0FDF0" blockId="9.[151,640,605,631]" box="[151,640,605,631]" pageId="9" pageNumber="40">
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<heading id="CE1C81CBFF82FFA6FF53FDDEAEF0FDF0" bold="true" box="[151,640,605,631]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="40" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="A79FEAB5FF82FFA6FF53FDDEAEF0FDF0" bold="true" box="[151,640,605,631]" pageId="9" pageNumber="40">
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<taxonomicName id="52EB4D24FF82FFA6FF53FDDEAD71FDF0" ID-CoL="8ZZML" box="[151,257,605,631]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Amorbia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="A79FEAB5FF82FFA6FF53FDDEAD71FDF0" bold="true" box="[151,257,605,631]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="40">Amorbia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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spp. (
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<taxonomicName id="52EB4D24FF82FFA6FE8EFDDEADADFDF0" box="[330,477,605,631]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Tortricidae</taxonomicName>
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:
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<taxonomicName id="52EB4D24FF82FFA6FE2EFDDEAE08FDF0" box="[490,632,605,631]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Tortricinae">Tortricinae</taxonomicName>
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)
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="DDF1652CFF82FFA6FF53FD26ADEBFBE1" pageId="9" pageNumber="40" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="955436A7FF82FFA6FF53FD26AE9BFC32" blockId="9.[151,1437,676,1126]" pageId="9" pageNumber="40">
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<taxonomicName id="52EB4D24FF82FFA6FF53FD26AE78FD3B" authority="Walsingham" authorityName="Walsingham" box="[151,520,676,701]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Amorbia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cuneana">
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<emphasis id="A79FEAB5FF82FFA6FF53FD26AD2FFD3A" box="[151,351,677,701]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="40">Amorbia cuneana</emphasis>
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(Walsingham)
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</taxonomicName>
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, the western avocado leafroller, is considered a primary but sporadic pest of avocado in California (
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<bibRefCitation id="F17A4B56FF82FFA6FEB5FD4BAE48FD67" author="Faber" box="[369,568,712,736]" pageId="9" pageNumber="40" refString="Faber, B. A., Morse, J. G. & Hoddle, M. S. (2010) UC IPM Pest Management Guidelines - Avocado. University of California IPM Online. http: // www. ipm. ucdavis. edu / PMG / selectnewpest. avocado. html [Accessed 10 January 2011]." type="journal article" year="2010">
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Faber
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<emphasis id="A79FEAB5FF82FFA6FE7EFD4AAD83FD67" box="[442,499,712,736]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="40">et al.</emphasis>
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2010
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</bibRefCitation>
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). Its putative synonym,
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<taxonomicName id="52EB4D24FF82FFA6FC81FD4BA867FD67" ID-CoL="CWWN" authority="Busck" authorityName="Busck" box="[837,1047,712,736]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Amorbia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="essigana">
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<emphasis id="A79FEAB5FF82FFA6FC81FD4BAFB7FD67" box="[837,967,712,736]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="40">A. essigana</emphasis>
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Busck
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</taxonomicName>
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, was described as an avocado pest in southern California nearly 80 years ago, and avocado feeding populations may actually represent this “pheromone race” (e.g.,
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<bibRefCitation id="F17A4B56FF82FFA6FE9AFC8CAE34FCA0" author="Hoffman" box="[350,580,783,807]" pageId="9" pageNumber="40" refString="Hoffman, M. P., McDonough, L. M. & Bailey, J. B. (1983) Field test of the sex pheromone of Amorbia cuneana (Walsingham) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae). Environmental Entomology, 12, 1387 - 1390." type="journal article" year="1983">
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Hoffman
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<emphasis id="A79FEAB5FF82FFA6FE0EFC93AE72FCA0" box="[458,514,783,807]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="40">et al.</emphasis>
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1983
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</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="F17A4B56FF82FFA6FD8BFC8CAF6AFCA0" author="Bailey" box="[591,794,783,807]" pageId="9" pageNumber="40" refString="Bailey, J. B., McDonough, L. M. & Hoffmann, M. P. (1986) Western avocado leafroller, Amorbia cuneana (Walsingham), (Lepidoptera; Tortricidae). Discovery of populations utilizing different ratios of sex pheromone components. Journal of Chemical Ecology, 12, 1239 - 1245." type="journal article" year="1986">
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Bailey
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<emphasis id="A79FEAB5FF82FFA6FD64FC93AEA8FCA0" box="[672,728,783,807]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="40">et al.</emphasis>
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1986
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</bibRefCitation>
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; Bailey
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<emphasis id="A79FEAB5FF82FFA6FCB2FC93AFDEFCA0" box="[886,942,783,807]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="40">et al.</emphasis>
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1988). Adults are present from late April to July and again in September to November in central California and year round in southern California (Powell and Opler 2009). Larvae cause damage by feeding on leaves, skeletonizing them in early instars and consuming the entire leaf in later instars. Economic losses occur when larvae web leaves to fruit or feed on the skin of fruit in a cluster, causing cosmetic damage (
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<bibRefCitation id="F17A4B56FF82FFA6FDDFFC1EAE90FC32" author="Faber" box="[539,736,925,949]" pageId="9" pageNumber="40" refString="Faber, B. A., Morse, J. G. & Hoddle, M. S. (2010) UC IPM Pest Management Guidelines - Avocado. University of California IPM Online. http: // www. ipm. ucdavis. edu / PMG / selectnewpest. avocado. html [Accessed 10 January 2011]." type="journal article" year="2010">
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Faber
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<emphasis id="A79FEAB5FF82FFA6FDA0FC1DAEECFC32" box="[612,668,925,949]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="40">et al.</emphasis>
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2010
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</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="955436A7FF82FFA6FF01FC42A820FB98" blockId="9.[151,1437,676,1126]" pageId="9" pageNumber="40">
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In Hawaii, the Mexican leafroller,
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<taxonomicName id="52EB4D24FF82FFA6FD9EFC43AFEBFC5F" ID-CoL="CWWM" authority="Busck" authorityName="Busck" box="[602,923,960,984]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Amorbia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="emigratella">
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<emphasis id="A79FEAB5FF82FFA6FD9EFC43AF38FC5F" box="[602,840,960,984]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="40">Amorbia emigratella</emphasis>
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Busck
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</taxonomicName>
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, is considered a pest on a variety of plants, including avocado, although this species is native to
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<collectingCountry id="EDFC7637FF82FFA6FD24FC67AF45FC7B" box="[736,821,996,1020]" name="Mexico" pageId="9" pageNumber="40">México</collectingCountry>
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and Central
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<collectingCountry id="EDFC7637FF82FFA6FC00FC67A855FC7B" box="[964,1061,996,1020]" name="United States of America" pageId="9" pageNumber="40">America</collectingCountry>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="F17A4B56FF82FFA6FBF6FC67A970FC7B" author="Zimmerman" box="[1074,1280,996,1020]" pageId="9" pageNumber="40" refString="Zimmerman, E. C. (1978) Insects of Hawaii, Volume 9, Microlepidoptera, Part 1. University of Hawaii Press, Honolulu, Hawaii. 881 pp." type="book" year="1978">Zimmerman 1978</bibRefCitation>
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). Larval damage appears similar to that of
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<taxonomicName id="52EB4D24FF82FFA6FE26FB84AE10FB98" box="[482,608,1031,1055]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Amorbia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cuneana">
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<emphasis id="A79FEAB5FF82FFA6FE26FB84AE10FB98" box="[482,608,1031,1055]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="40">A. cuneana</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and also
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<taxonomicName id="52EB4D24FF82FFA6FD0FFB8BA83CFB98" ID-CoL="6FV9H" authority="Zimmerman 1978" authorityName="Zimmerman" authorityYear="1978" box="[715,1100,1031,1055]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Epiphyas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="postvittana">
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<emphasis id="A79FEAB5FF82FFA6FD0FFB8BAF16FB98" box="[715,870,1032,1055]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="40">E. postvittana</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="F17A4B56FF82FFA6FCB0FB84A834FB98" author="Zimmerman" box="[884,1092,1031,1055]" pageId="9" pageNumber="40" refString="Zimmerman, E. C. (1978) Insects of Hawaii, Volume 9, Microlepidoptera, Part 1. University of Hawaii Press, Honolulu, Hawaii. 881 pp." type="book" year="1978">Zimmerman 1978</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="955436A7FF82FFA6FF01FBA8ADEBFBE1" blockId="9.[151,1437,676,1126]" pageId="9" pageNumber="40">
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An additional species,
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<taxonomicName id="52EB4D24FF82FFA6FE06FBA8AF0AFBC4" ID-CoL="B3LRS" authority="Phillips & Powell" authorityName="Phillips & Powell" box="[450,890,1067,1091]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Amorbia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="santamaria">
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<emphasis id="A79FEAB5FF82FFA6FE06FBA8AEDBFBC4" box="[450,683,1067,1091]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="40">Amorbia santamaria</emphasis>
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Phillips & Powell
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</taxonomicName>
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, was reared from avocado in
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<collectingCountry id="EDFC7637FF82FFA6FB04FBA8A949FBC4" box="[1216,1337,1067,1091]" name="Guatemala" pageId="9" pageNumber="40">Guatemala</collectingCountry>
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by
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<bibRefCitation id="F17A4B56FF82FFA6FAA6FBA8ADE7FBE1" author="Hoddle" pageId="9" pageNumber="40" refString="Hoddle, M. S. & Hoddle, C. D. (2008) Lepidoptera and associated parasitoids attacking Hass and non-Hass avocadoes in Guatemala. Journal of Economic Entomology, 101, 1310 - 1316." type="journal article" year="2008">Hoddle and Hoddle (2008)</bibRefCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |