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<mods:title id="1E259BE4AF6843D4C41DAEAE31AAE47D">Leishmaniasis and phlebotomine sand flies in Oman Sultanate</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="73928560E81C76650524C83A8A5030B0">Rioux, Jean-Antoine</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="0BE668325841DF39602956E30D401CBC">Faculté de Médecine, Université Montpellier 1, 1 rue de lÉencole de Médecine, 34000 Montpellier, France</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="98EB6B6F47268F0DDF7E2BE9F56496D3">Gramiccia, Marina</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="7CD97384F1EB8F083A64F4758A516828">Department of Infectious Diseases, Unit of Vector-borne Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299,</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:affiliation id="3A2FE1FD386F0D8BD9897D10A5FC58AF">Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, EA 7510, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Faculté de Pharmacie,</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="0681BBA3BD5B8AFA1FAB0246BD4EC06E">Desjeux, Philippe</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="BA78586966DDA8E9189749150908F4D3">PATH OWH (formerly One World Health), A- 9, Qutub Institutional area, USO Road, New Delhi 110067, India</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="A56E4A3EA70833C25213C7D504320101">Depaquit, Jérôme</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="251031449010DB9911D94B6413C2323F">Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, EA 7510, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Faculté de Pharmacie, &amp; ANSES, USC Transmission Vectorielle et Épidémiosurveillance de Maladies Parasitaires (VECPAR), 51100 Reims, France &amp; Laboratoire de Parasitologie, Pôle de Biologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Reims, 51100 Reims, France</mods:affiliation>
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<treatment id="083387CDFFD0FFAFFCCEFB5DFC71F892" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:083387CDFFD0FFAFFCCEFB5DFC71F892" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/083387CDFFD0FFAFFCCEFB5DFC71F892" lastPageNumber="5" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
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<paragraph id="802536DBFFD0FFAFFCCEFB5DFAF1FB76" blockId="4.[813,1389,1229,1250]" box="[813,1389,1229,1250]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<heading id="DB6D81B7FFD0FFAFFCCEFB5DFAF1FB76" box="[813,1389,1229,1250]" fontSize="9" level="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" reason="4">
<taxonomicName id="479A4D58FFD0FFAFFCCEFB5DFAF1FB76" ID-CoL="8DB63" authority="(Scopoli, 1786)" baseAuthorityName="Scopoli" baseAuthorityYear="1786" box="[813,1389,1229,1250]" class="Insecta" family="Psychodidae" genus="Phlebotomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="papatasi" subGenus="Phlebotomus">
<emphasis id="B2EEEAC9FFD0FFAFFCCEFB5DFAF1FB76" bold="true" box="[813,1389,1229,1250]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<emphasis id="B2EEEAC9FFD0FFAFFCCEFB5DFB58FB76" bold="true" box="[813,1220,1230,1250]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Phlebotomus (Phlebotomus) papatasi</emphasis>
(Scopoli, 1786)
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<paragraph id="802536DBFFD0FFAFFCB6FA95FC40FA22" blockId="4.[813,1467,1286,1798]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">The male is characterised by the presence of two spines at the end of the surstyle, by a group of more than ten big setae at the distal part of the gonocoxite, by the upper part of the paramere longer than the other ones and covered with setae along its full length. The ascoids are relatively short and never reach the next articulation.</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C8806550FFD0FFAFFCB6FA2DFC71F892" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="description">
<paragraph id="802536DBFFD0FFAFFCB6FA2DFB7DF9A4" blockId="4.[813,1467,1286,1798]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">The female is identified by its annealed spermathecae with sessile head wrapped in a cloud. Its pharyngeal armature presents teeth with, at the anterior part, many comb-like ones. Ascoids never reach the next articulation.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="802536DBFFD0FFAFFCB6F9ABFC71F892" blockId="4.[813,1467,1286,1798]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
The distribution of this major vector of
<taxonomicName id="479A4D58FFD0FFAFFAE8F9ABFAF5F9DB" box="[1291,1385,1592,1615]" class="Kinetoplastea" family="Trypanosomatidae" genus="Leishmania" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Trypanosomatida" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Euglenozoa" rank="species" species="major">
<emphasis id="B2EEEAC9FFD0FFAFFAE8F9ABFAF5F9DB" box="[1291,1385,1592,1615]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">L. major</emphasis>
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[
<bibRefCitation id="E40B4B2AFFD0FFAFFA9FF9ABFA0AF9DB" author="Killick-Kendrick R." box="[1404,1430,1592,1615]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" pagination="1 - 24" refId="ref10551" refString="34. Killick-Kendrick R. 1990. Phlebotomine vectors of the leishmaniases: A review. Medical and Veterinary Entomology, 4, 1 - 24." type="journal article" year="1990">34</bibRefCitation>
] is very large, from
<collectingCountry id="F88D764BFFD0FFAFFC01F9C5FBC6F9F9" box="[994,1114,1622,1645]" name="Bangladesh" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Bangladesh</collectingCountry>
to
<collectingCountry id="F88D764BFFD0FFAFFB62F9C5FB42F9F9" box="[1153,1246,1622,1645]" name="Morocco" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Morocco</collectingCountry>
and from Crimea to
<collectingCountry id="F88D764BFFD0FFAFFCCEF9E6FCEDF918" box="[813,881,1653,1676]" name="Sudan" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Sudan</collectingCountry>
. Limited to the North of the Sahara in West Africa, the species is most southern in East Africa. In
<collectingCountry id="F88D764BFFD0FFAFFA96F907FA2BF93F" box="[1397,1463,1684,1707]" name="Oman" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Oman</collectingCountry>
, the species is absent in the
<collectingRegion id="425EF839FFD0FFAFFB90F921FB23F95D" box="[1139,1215,1714,1737]" country="Oman" name="Zufar" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Dhofar</collectingRegion>
, but dominates in the Sharqiyah. It was previously recorded in the Wahiba sands of the Sultanate [
<bibRefCitation id="E40B4B2AFFD0FFAFFC27F97CFC42F892" author="Lane RP &amp; Buttiker W." box="[964,990,1775,1798]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" pagination="389 - 390" refId="ref10637" refString="36. Lane RP, Buttiker W. 1988. Sandflies (Diptera: Phlebotominae) from the Wahiba Sands, Oman. Journal of Oman Studies Special Report, 3, 389 - 390." type="journal article" year="1988">36</bibRefCitation>
].
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