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443 lines
60 KiB
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<mods:title id="2912EB87378701E64DEBDE3A93B982DC">Systematics Of The “ Giant ” Ricinulei (Ricinoididae: Ricinoides) Of West Africa, With Descriptions Of Five New Species And Comparative Morphology Of The Male Copulatory Apparatus</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="7217A5DE0ED123E9FAAEEF1DBEB0E94D">Botero-Trujillo, Ricardo</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="4C9CBF8CFB7BE2A2540BEEB6E862CFAB">Sain, Colby E.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="EA0802C1B0A3FEB92ADDC548F17E83C7">Prendini, Lorenzo</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="B21D06DCACE60689EC0658DA93985E5E">2021</mods:date>
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<subSubSection id="C3416554FF86BC43FCDE2C2EFBE7FD5C" box="[819,1078,620,644]" pageId="44" pageNumber="44" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BE436DFFF86BC43FCDE2C2EFBE7FD5C" blockId="44.[819,1078,620,644]" box="[819,1078,620,644]" pageId="44" pageNumber="44">
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<heading id="D0AC81B3FF86BC43FCDE2C2EFBE7FD5C" box="[819,1078,620,644]" centered="true" fontSize="9" level="2" pageId="44" pageNumber="44" reason="2">
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<emphasis id="B92FEACDFF86BC43FCDE2C2EFC0DFD5C" bold="true" box="[819,988,620,644]" pageId="44" pageNumber="44">
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<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D5CFF86BC43FCDE2C2EFC05FD5C" authority="Botero-Trujillo & Sain & Prendini, 2021" authorityName="Botero-Trujillo & Sain & Prendini" authorityYear="2021" box="[819,980,620,644]" class="Arachnida" family="Ricinoididae" genus="Ricinoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ricinulei" pageId="44" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="iita" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B92FEACDFF86BC43FCDE2C2EFC05FD5C" bold="true" box="[819,980,620,644]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="44">Ricinoides iita</emphasis>
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,
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21C57B6FF86BC43FC0E2C2FFBE7FD5C" box="[995,1078,621,644]" pageId="44" pageNumber="44" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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<subSubSection id="C3416554FF86BC43FD432CDCFC29FD20" pageId="44" pageNumber="44" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BE436DFFF86BC43FD432CDCFC29FD20" blockId="44.[686,1210,670,760]" pageId="44" pageNumber="44">
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<figureCitation id="13602A5AFF86BC43FD432CDCFCC2FD6E" box="[686,787,670,694]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="13.[108,194,1028,1049]" captionTargetBox="[110,1212,231,997]" captionTargetId="figure-202@13.[108,1212,224,1002]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 5. Map of West Africa, plotting known locality records of species of “giant” Ricinulei (Ricinoides Ewing, 1929), based on material examined and verified identifications: Ricinoides afzelii (Thorell, 1892) (square); Ricinoides atewa Naskrecki, 2008 (circle); Ricinoides eburneus, sp. nov. (triangle); Ricinoides feae (Hansen, 1921) (inverted triangle); Ricinoides iita, sp. nov. (diamond); Ricinoides kakum, sp. nov. (×); Ricinoides nzerekorensis, sp. nov. (pentagon); Ricinoides taii, sp. nov. (star); Ricinoides westermannii (Guérin-Méneville, 1838) (+); Ricinoides sp. (asterisk)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5414575" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5414575/files/figure.png" pageId="44" pageNumber="44">
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Figures
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<geoCoordinate id="EE6F5018FF86BC43FCE82CDCFCC2FD6E" box="[773,787,670,694]" degrees="5, 6" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="44" pageNumber="44" precision="5555" value="5.6">5</geoCoordinate>
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</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="13602A5AFF86BC43FCCD2CDCFCEEFD6E" box="[800,831,670,694]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="14.[108,194,1534,1555]" captionTargetBox="[107,1211,224,1508]" captionTargetId="figure-9@14.[107,1211,224,1508]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 6. Ricinoides Ewing, 1929, carapace, dorsal aspect. A. Ricinoides afzelii (Thorell, 1892), ♂ (BMNH 13588948). B. Ricinoides atewa Naskrecki, 2008, holotype ♂ (AMNH IZC 324855). C. Ricinoides eburneus, sp. nov., holotype ♂ (MRAC 230.162). D. Ricinoides feae (Hansen, 1921), lectotype ♂ (MSNG). E. Ricinoides iita, sp. nov., holotype ♂ (USNM). F. Ricinoides kakum, sp. nov., holotype ♂ (MRAC 217.183). Scale bars = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5414579" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5414579/files/figure.png" pageId="44" pageNumber="44">6E</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="13602A5AFF86BC43FCA72CDCFCB8FD6E" box="[842,873,670,694]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="20.[107,193,1516,1537]" captionTargetBox="[108,1212,224,1488]" captionTargetId="figure-9@20.[108,1212,224,1489]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURE 9. Ricinoides Ewing, 1929, cucullus, anterior aspect. A. Ricinoides afzelii (Thorell, 1892), ♂ (BMNH 13588948). B. Ricinoides atewa Naskrecki, 2008, holotype ♂ (AMNH IZC 324855). C. Ricinoides eburneus, sp. nov., holotype ♂ (MRAC 230.162). D. Ricinoides feae (Hansen, 1921), lectotype ♂ (MSNG). E. Ricinoides iita, sp. nov., holotype ♂ (USNM). F. Ricinoides kakum, sp. nov., holotype ♂ (MRAC 217.183). G. Ricinoides nzerekorensis, sp. nov., holotype ♂ (MRAC 209.266). H. Ricinoides taii, sp. nov., holotype ♂ (MRAC 233.458). Scale bars = 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5414591" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5414591/files/figure.png" pageId="44" pageNumber="44">9E</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="13602A5AFF86BC43FC992CDCFC73FD6E" box="[884,930,670,694]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="21.[108,194,1199,1220]" captionTargetBox="[109,635,228,1172]" captionTargetId="figure-360@21.[109,635,224,1173]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIGURE 10. Ricinoides Ewing, 1929, cucullus, anterior (A) and posteroventral (B, C) aspects. A. Ricinoides westermannii (Guérin-Méneville, 1838), neotype ♂ (ZMB 7013). B. Ricinoides atewa Naskrecki, 2008, holotype ♂ (AMNH IZC 324855). C. Ricinoides iita, sp. nov., holotype ♂ (USNM). Scale bars = 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5414593" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5414593/files/figure.png" pageId="44" pageNumber="44">10C</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="13602A5AFF86BC43FC432CDCFC0BFD6E" box="[942,986,670,694]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="22.[107,193,1533,1554]" captionTargetBox="[107,1211,224,1507]" captionTargetId="figure-9@22.[107,1211,224,1507]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIGURE 11. Ricinoides Ewing, 1929, coxosternal region, ventral aspect. A. Ricinoides afzelii (Thorell, 1892), ♂ (BMNH 13588948). B. Ricinoides atewa Naskrecki, 2008, holotype ♂ (AMNH IZC 324855). C. Ricinoides eburneus, sp. nov., holotype ♂ (MRAC 230.162). D. Ricinoides feae (Hansen, 1921), lectotype ♂ (MSNG). E. Ricinoides iita, sp. nov., holotype ♂ (USNM). F. Ricinoides kakum, sp. nov., holotype ♂ (MRAC 217.183). Scale bars = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5414599" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5414599/files/figure.png" pageId="44" pageNumber="44">11E</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="13602A5AFF86BC43FC082CDCFBC0FD6E" box="[997,1041,670,694]" captionStart="FIGURE 14" captionStartId="26.[107,194,1387,1408]" captionTargetBox="[108,1207,222,1359]" captionTargetId="figure-9@26.[108,1212,222,1360]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="FIGURE 14. Ricinoides Ewing, 1929, opisthosoma, dorsal aspect. A. Ricinoides afzelii (Thorell, 1892), ♂ (BMNH 13588948). B. Ricinoides atewa Naskrecki, 2008, holotype ♂ (AMNH IZC 324855). C. Ricinoides eburneus, sp. nov., holotype ♂ (MRAC 230.162). D. Ricinoides feae (Hansen, 1921), lectotype ♂ (MSNG). E. Ricinoides iita, sp. nov., holotype ♂ (USNM). F. Ricinoides kakum, sp. nov., holotype ♂ (MRAC 217.183). Scale bars = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5414607" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5414607/files/figure.png" pageId="44" pageNumber="44">14E</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="13602A5AFF86BC43FBF12CDCFB99FD6E" box="[1052,1096,670,694]" captionStart="FIGURE 17" captionStartId="30.[109,196,1387,1408]" captionTargetBox="[108,1206,224,1360]" captionTargetId="figure-9@30.[108,1212,224,1360]" captionTargetPageId="30" captionText="FIGURE 17. Ricinoides Ewing, 1929, opisthosoma, ventral aspect. A. Ricinoides afzelii (Thorell, 1892), ♂ (BMNH 13588948). B. Ricinoides atewa Naskrecki, 2008, holotype ♂ (AMNH IZC 324855). C. Ricinoides eburneus, sp. nov., holotype ♂ (MRAC 230.162). D. Ricinoides feae (Hansen, 1921), lectotype ♂ (MSNG). E. Ricinoides iita, sp. nov., holotype ♂ (USNM). F. Ricinoides kakum, sp. nov., holotype ♂ (MRAC 217.183). Scale bars = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5414617" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5414617/files/figure.png" pageId="44" pageNumber="44">17E</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="13602A5AFF86BC43FBBE2CDCFBAEFD6E" box="[1107,1151,670,694]" captionStart="FIGURE 20" captionStartId="36.[109,195,1333,1354]" captionTargetBox="[107,1205,234,1296]" captionTargetId="figure-107@36.[107,1211,222,1304]" captionTargetPageId="36" captionText="FIGURE 20. Ricinoides Ewing, 1929, pedipalp tibia, prolateral aspect. A. Ricinoides afzelii (Thorell, 1892), ♂ (BMNH 13588948). B. Ricinoides atewa Naskrecki, 2008, holotype ♂ (AMNH IZC 324855). C. Ricinoides eburneus, sp. nov., holotype ♂ (MRAC 230.162). D. Ricinoides feae (Hansen, 1921), lectotype ♂ (MSNG). E. Ricinoides iita, sp. nov., holotype ♂ (USNM). F. Ricinoides kakum, sp. nov., holotype ♂ (MRAC 217.183). G. Ricinoides nzerekorensis, sp. nov., holotype ♂ (MRAC 209.266). H. Ricinoides taii, sp. nov., holotype ♂ (MRAC 233.458). I. Ricinoides westermannii (Guérin-Méneville, 1838), neotype ♂ (ZMB 7013). Scale bars = 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5414627" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5414627/files/figure.png" pageId="44" pageNumber="44">20E</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="13602A5AFF86BC43FB672CDCFB67FD6E" box="[1162,1206,670,694]" captionStart="FIGURE 21" captionStartId="37.[108,195,1332,1353]" captionTargetBox="[108,1209,238,1267]" captionTargetId="figure-11@37.[108,1212,224,1302]" captionTargetPageId="37" captionText="FIGURE 21. Ricinoides Ewing, 1929, leg I distal segments, prolateral aspect. A. Ricinoides afzelii (Thorell, 1892), ♂ (BMNH 13588948). B. Ricinoides atewa Naskrecki, 2008, holotype ♂ (AMNH IZC 324855). C. Ricinoides eburneus, sp. nov., holotype ♂ (MRAC 230.162). D. Ricinoides feae (Hansen, 1921), lectotype ♂ (MSNG). E. Ricinoides iita, sp. nov., holotype ♂ (USNM). F. Ricinoides kakum, sp. nov., holotype ♂ (MRAC 217.183). G. Ricinoides nzerekorensis, sp. nov., holotype ♂ (MRAC 209.266). H. Ricinoides taii, sp. nov., holotype ♂ (MRAC 233.458). I. Ricinoides westermannii (Guérin-Méneville, 1838), neotype ♂ (ZMB 7013). Scale bars = 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5414631" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5414631/files/figure.png" pageId="44" pageNumber="44">21E</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="13602A5AFF86BC43FD0B2CFDFCA3FD0F" box="[742,882,703,727]" captionStart="FIGURE 24" captionStartId="40.[108,194,1402,1423]" captionTargetBox="[107,1211,240,1369]" captionTargetId="figure-9@40.[107,1211,224,1375]" captionTargetPageId="40" captionText="FIGURE 24. Ricinoides Ewing, 1929, leg II femur, dorsal (A, B) and prolateral (C, D) aspects, tibia, prolateral aspect (E, F), and metatarsus, prolateral aspect (G, H). A, C, E, G. Ricinoides iita, sp. nov., holotype ♂ (USNM). B, D, F, H. Ricinoides kakum, sp. nov., holotype ♂ (MRAC 217.183). Scale bars = 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5414641" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5414641/files/figure.png" pageId="44" pageNumber="44">24A, C, E, G</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="13602A5AFF86BC43FC932CFDFC4BFD0F" box="[894,922,703,727]" captionStart="FIGURE 27" captionStartId="43.[108,195,1102,1123]" captionTargetBox="[108,627,223,1063]" captionTargetId="figure-439@43.[107,635,223,1076]" captionTargetPageId="43" captionText="FIGURE 27. Ricinoides iita, sp. nov., holotype ♂ (USNM), leg III metatarsus, distal part, prolateral (A) and ventral (B) aspects. Scale bars = 0.25 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5414651" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5414651/files/figure.png" pageId="44" pageNumber="44">27</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="13602A5AFF86BC43FC4B2CFDFB98FD0E" box="[934,1097,703,727]" captionStart="FIGURE 30" captionStartId="48.[108,194,1584,1605]" captionTargetBox="[109,1200,230,1547]" captionTargetId="figure-9@48.[109,1213,224,1555]" captionTargetPageId="48" captionText="FIGURE 30. Ricinoides Ewing, 1929, leg III copulatory apparatus, prolateral (A, B), dorsal (C, D), retrolateral (E, F), ventral (G, H), and frontal (I, J) aspects. A, C, E, G, I. Ricinoides iita, sp. nov., holotype ♂ (USNM). B, D, F, H, J. Ricinoides kakum, sp. nov., holotype ♂ (MRAC 217.183). Scale bars = 0.25 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5414665" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5414665/files/figure.png" pageId="44" pageNumber="44">30A, C, E, G, I</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="13602A5AFF86BC43FBB82CFDFB51FD0F" box="[1109,1152,703,727]" captionStart="FIGURE 33" captionStartId="53.[108,195,1460,1481]" captionTargetBox="[108,1210,227,1428]" captionTargetId="figure-117@53.[108,1212,224,1431]" captionTargetPageId="53" captionText="FIGURE 33. Ricinoides Ewing, 1929, leg III, male copulatory apparatus, prolateral and ventral aspects. A. Ricinoides afzelii (Thorell, 1892), ♂ (BMNH 13588948). B. Ricinoides atewa Naskrecki, 2008, holotype ♂ (AMNH IZC 324855). C. Ricinoides eburneus, sp. nov., holotype ♂ (MRAC 230.162). D. Ricinoides feae (Hansen, 1921), lectotype ♂ (MSNG). E. Ricinoides iita, sp. nov., holotype ♂ (USNM). F. Ricinoides kakum, sp. nov., holotype ♂ (MRAC 217.183). G. Ricinoides nzerekorensis, sp. nov., holotype ♂ (MRAC 209.266). H. Ricinoides taii, sp. nov., holotype ♂ (MRAC 233.458). I. Ricinoides westermannii (Guérin-Méneville, 1838), neotype ♂ (ZMB 7013). Scale bars = 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5414673" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5414673/files/figure.png" pageId="44" pageNumber="44">33E</figureCitation>
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, tables 1, 2, 4
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3416554FF86BC43FD212D50FC80FC28" pageId="44" pageNumber="44" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE436DFFF86BC43FD212D50FC80FC28" blockId="44.[684,1213,785,1740]" pageId="44" pageNumber="44">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B333C82FF86BC43FD212D50FC80FC28" collectingDate="1973-04" collectionCode="TYPE, MATERIAL, USNM, T, III" collectorName="B. Critchley & Two" country="Nigeria" latitude="7.5" location="International Institute of Tropical Agriculture" longLatPrecision="1303" longitude="3.8833332" municipality="Ibaden" pageId="44" pageNumber="44" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Oyo" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED4AAE1AFF86BC43FD212D50FC41FCF2" box="[716,912,786,810]" pageId="44" pageNumber="44">TYPE MATERIAL</collectionCode>
|
||
:
|
||
<typeStatus id="54E0887DFF86BC43FC472D50FBC5FCF2" box="[938,1044,786,810]" pageId="44" pageNumber="44" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D5DFD56FF86BC43FBC52D53FBEEFCF2" box="[1064,1087,785,810]" pageId="44" pageNumber="44" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED4AAE1AFF86BC43FBB72D50FB61FCF2" box="[1114,1200,786,810]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="44" pageNumber="44" type="Museum">USNM</collectionCode>
|
||
),
|
||
<emphasis id="B92FEACDFF86BC43FD412D70FCF2FC92" bold="true" box="[684,803,818,842]" pageId="44" pageNumber="44">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F34C764FFF86BC43FD412D70FCCEFC92" box="[684,799,818,842]" name="Nigeria" pageId="44" pageNumber="44">NIGERIA</collectingCountry>
|
||
:
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis id="B92FEACDFF86BC43FCC02D71FC88FC92" box="[813,857,819,842]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="44">
|
||
<collectingRegion id="499FF83DFF86BC43FCC02D71FC88FC92" box="[813,857,819,842]" country="Nigeria" name="Oyo" pageId="44" pageNumber="44">Oyo</collectingRegion>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="6B80ACA5FF86BC43FC842D71FC64FC93" box="[873,949,819,843]" pageId="44" pageNumber="44">Ibaden</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
[Ibadan],
|
||
<location id="8E846004FF86BC43FBC02D71FB93FCB4" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F287C9FF86BC5CFCDE2C2EFDADFCD2:8E846004FF86BC43FBC02D71FB93FCB4" country="Nigeria" latitude="7.5" longLatPrecision="1303" longitude="3.8833332" municipality="Ibaden" name="International Institute of Tropical Agriculture" pageId="44" pageNumber="44" stateProvince="Oyo">International Institute of Tropical Agriculture</location>
|
||
(I.I.
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED4AAE1AFF86BC43FB902D16FB43FCB4" box="[1149,1170,852,876]" name="Tavera, Department of Geology and Geophysics" pageId="44" pageNumber="44">T</collectionCode>
|
||
.A.) [
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE6F5018FF86BC43FD5F2D37FCC1FC54" box="[690,784,884,909]" degrees="07" direction="north" minutes="30" orientation="latitude" pageId="44" pageNumber="44" precision="925" value="7.5">07°30′N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE6F5018FF86BC43FCF72D37FCA5FC54" box="[794,884,884,909]" degrees="03" direction="east" minutes="53" orientation="longitude" pageId="44" pageNumber="44" precision="925" value="3.8833332">03°53′E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
],
|
||
<date id="FFE5101FFF86BC43FC642D37FC09FC55" box="[905,984,885,909]" pageId="44" pageNumber="44" value="1973-04">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFA1E9F7FF86BC43FC642D37FC09FC55" box="[905,984,885,909]" pageId="44" pageNumber="44" value="1973-04">iv.1973</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="26AE5309FF86BC43FC082D37FBB8FC55" box="[997,1129,885,909]" pageId="44" pageNumber="44">B. Critchley</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingMethod id="521A4EC8FF86BC43FB9B2D37FB69FC55" box="[1142,1208,885,909]" pageId="44" pageNumber="44">pitfall</collectingMethod>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectorName id="26AE5309FF86BC43FD412DD4FD0AFC75" box="[684,731,918,941]" pageId="44" pageNumber="44">Two</collectorName>
|
||
microvials contain the following detached pieces: sinistral leg I, dextral leg
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED4AAE1AFF86BC43FBFD2DF5FBFFFC16" box="[1040,1070,951,974]" pageId="44" pageNumber="44">III</collectionCode>
|
||
, and copulatory apparatus.
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3416554FF86BC42FD212DBBFE50FEE4" lastPageId="45" lastPageNumber="45" pageId="44" pageNumber="44" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE436DFFF86BC42FD212DBBFE50FEE4" blockId="44.[684,1213,785,1740]" lastBlockId="45.[107,638,226,1738]" lastPageId="45" lastPageNumber="45" pageId="44" pageNumber="44">
|
||
DIAGNOSIS: The male of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D5CFF86BC43FC312DB8FBCFFBC9" authorityName="Botero-Trujillo & Sain & Prendini" authorityYear="2021" box="[988,1054,1018,1041]" class="Arachnida" family="Ricinoididae" genus="Ricinoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ricinulei" pageId="44" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="iita">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92FEACDFF86BC43FC312DB8FBCFFBC9" box="[988,1054,1018,1041]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="44">R. iita</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
resembles the males of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D5CFF86BC43FCFB2A59FCA9FBEA" baseAuthorityName="Thorell" baseAuthorityYear="1892" box="[790,888,1050,1074]" class="Arachnida" family="Ricinoididae" genus="Ricinoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ricinulei" pageId="44" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="afzelii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92FEACDFF86BC43FCFB2A59FCA9FBEA" box="[790,888,1050,1074]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="44">R. afzelii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D5CFF86BC43FC642A59FC3DFBEA" authorityName="Naskrecki" authorityYear="2008" box="[905,1004,1051,1074]" class="Arachnida" family="Ricinoididae" genus="Ricinoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ricinulei" pageId="44" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="atewa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92FEACDFF86BC43FC642A59FC3DFBEA" box="[905,1004,1051,1074]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="44">R. atewa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D5CFF86BC43FBC22A59FB4DFBEA" authorityName="Botero-Trujillo & Sain & Prendini" authorityYear="2021" box="[1071,1180,1050,1074]" class="Arachnida" family="Ricinoididae" genus="Ricinoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ricinulei" pageId="44" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kakum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92FEACDFF86BC43FBC22A59FB4DFBEA" box="[1071,1180,1050,1074]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="44">R. kakum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the modified ventral part of the cucullus. It resembles the male of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D5CFF86BC43FC4E2A1FFBD3FBAC" baseAuthorityName="Thorell" baseAuthorityYear="1892" box="[931,1026,1116,1140]" class="Arachnida" family="Ricinoididae" genus="Ricinoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ricinulei" pageId="44" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="afzelii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92FEACDFF86BC43FC4E2A1FFBD3FBAC" box="[931,1026,1116,1140]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="44">R. afzelii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in possessing an apical brushlike row of yellowish setae on the proventral surface of the metatarsus of leg III (fig. 27) and the femur of leg IV being wider than the femur of leg III, and deeper than the femur of leg I, characters unique to the two species. The male of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D5CFF86BC43FC962B61FC13FAE2" authorityName="Botero-Trujillo & Sain & Prendini" authorityYear="2021" box="[891,962,1315,1338]" class="Arachnida" family="Ricinoididae" genus="Ricinoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ricinulei" pageId="44" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="iita">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92FEACDFF86BC43FC962B61FC13FAE2" box="[891,962,1315,1338]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="44">R. iita</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is unique among the four species in the anteromedian elevation on the cucullus (fig. 10C), the tubercles on the ventral surface of the pedipalp tibia not being noticeably enlarged or arranged in distinct rows (fig. 20E), the femur of leg IV being wider than the femur of leg I, and the femur of leg II being less incrassate (figs. 24A, C, table 4). Additionally, the structure of the fixed process of the male copulatory apparatus is unique in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D5CFF86BC43FB9B280FFB6DF9BC" authorityName="Botero-Trujillo & Sain & Prendini" authorityYear="2021" box="[1142,1212,1613,1636]" class="Arachnida" family="Ricinoididae" genus="Ricinoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ricinulei" pageId="44" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="iita">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92FEACDFF86BC43FB9B280FFB6DF9BC" box="[1142,1212,1613,1636]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="44">R. iita</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(figs. 30A, C, E, G, I, 33E), as the α lobe is subcircular in cross-section and curved retrolaterally, and β
|
||
<subScript id="17DF349AFF86BC43FCF328F9FCF6F914" attach="left" box="[798,807,1723,1740]" fontSize="7" pageId="44" pageNumber="44">2</subScript>
|
||
of the β lobe is fingerlike and larger than β
|
||
<subScript id="17DF349AFF87BC42FF592EAFFF6CFF26" attach="left" box="[180,189,237,254]" fontSize="7" pageId="45" pageNumber="45">1</subScript>
|
||
(table 2). Finally, the carapace of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D5CFF87BC42FDD72EA0FDACFF21" authorityName="Botero-Trujillo & Sain & Prendini" authorityYear="2021" box="[570,637,226,249]" class="Arachnida" family="Ricinoididae" genus="Ricinoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ricinulei" pageId="45" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="iita">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92FEACDFF87BC42FDD72EA0FDACFF21" box="[570,637,226,249]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="45">R. iita</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
possesses the smallest dorsolateral translucent areas of the four species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3416554FF87BC42FF612F07FDFDFE18" pageId="45" pageNumber="45" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE436DFFF87BC42FF612F07FDFDFE18" blockId="45.[107,638,226,1738]" pageId="45" pageNumber="45">
|
||
ETYMOLOGY: The specific epithet is a noun in apposition taken from the acronym of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54E0887DFF87BC42FDA32F24FDACFEA6" box="[590,637,358,382]" pageId="45" pageNumber="45">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality, the International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (I.I.T.A.), in Ibadan,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F34C764FFF87BC42FE382FEAFDF8FE18" box="[469,553,424,448]" name="Nigeria" pageId="45" pageNumber="45">Nigeria</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3416554FF87BC5CFF602F8BFEB5FD10" lastPageId="51" lastPageNumber="51" pageId="45" pageNumber="45" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE436DFFF87BC42FF602F8BFED8FDDA" blockId="45.[107,638,226,1738]" pageId="45" pageNumber="45">
|
||
DESCRIPTION OF MALE: Based on the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54E0887DFF87BC42FDAC2F8BFF4AFDDB" pageId="45" pageNumber="45" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
(USNM).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE436DFFF87BC42FF612C4EFDADFDFB" blockId="45.[107,638,226,1738]" box="[140,636,523,547]" pageId="45" pageNumber="45">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92FEACDFF87BC42FF612C4EFEF5FDFB" box="[140,292,524,547]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="45">Measurements</emphasis>
|
||
: Total length
|
||
<quantity id="4CA39B3AFF87BC42FE5A2C49FDC7FDFB" box="[439,534,523,547]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.74" pageId="45" pageNumber="45" unit="mm" value="9.74">9.74 mm</quantity>
|
||
(table 4).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE436DFFF87BC42FF612C6EFDF4FD32" blockId="45.[107,638,226,1738]" pageId="45" pageNumber="45">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92FEACDFF87BC42FF612C6EFF2FFD9C" box="[140,254,556,580]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="45">Coloration</emphasis>
|
||
: Soma and appendages predominantly dark brown, almost black. Carapace dorsolateral translucent areas yellowish. Opisthosomal tergal and pleural membranes dark yellow, hyaline. Cheliceral manus yellow; fingers, finger dentition, and manus toothlike process dark.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE436DFFF87BC42FF612CB1FEB8FC57" blockId="45.[107,638,226,1738]" pageId="45" pageNumber="45">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92FEACDFF87BC42FF612CB1FF32FCD2" box="[140,227,755,778]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="45">Setation</emphasis>
|
||
: Surfaces densely covered with short, translucent, bristlelike setae, slightly expanded but not navicular, length similar to height of surrounding tuberose granules (figs. 6E, 14E). Polygonal setae absent.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE436DFFF87BC42FF612DDBFE27FAC3" blockId="45.[107,638,226,1738]" pageId="45" pageNumber="45">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92FEACDFF87BC42FF612DDBFE2AFC68" box="[140,507,920,944]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="45">Tegument surface macrosculpture</emphasis>
|
||
: Tegument very irregular, without cuticular pits. Carapace, cucullus, opisthosomal sclerites, legs, and, to lesser extent, coxal region covered with coarse, rounded tuberose granules, evenly spaced apart, not clustered together (figs. 6E, 9E, 11E, 14E, 21E, 24A, C, E, G). Opisthosoma, pleural membranes finely and densely granular; tergal membranes more sparsely granular. Pedipalp femur dorsal, prolateral, and retrolateral surfaces finely granular; tibia with elevated oval tubercles distally (fig. 20E), not noticeably enlarged or arranged in distinct rows.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE436DFFF87BC42FF612B67FE7AF911" blockId="45.[107,638,226,1738]" pageId="45" pageNumber="45">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92FEACDFF87BC42FF612B67FF21FAE4" box="[140,240,1317,1340]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="45">Carapace</emphasis>
|
||
: Carapace wider than long, broadest between coxae of legs II and III; trapezoidal, lateral margins curved, narrowing anteriorly (fig. 6E); anterior margin linear in dorsal aspect; posterior margin slightly procurved; median longitudinal sulcus, paired posterior marginal transverse sulci, and paired anterolateral longitudinal sulci distinct; paired lateral depressions aligned with coxae of legs II; posteromedian moundlike excrescence absent; dorsolateral translucent areas entirely smooth, small, aligned with intersection between coxae of legs I and II, visible in dorsolateral aspect.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE436DFFF87BC42FD212EA0FB82FD9C" blockId="45.[683,1214,226,1738]" pageId="45" pageNumber="45">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D5CFF87BC42FD212EA0FC47FF22" authority=": Cucullus" authorityName="Cucullus" box="[716,918,226,250]" class="Gastropoda" family="Conidae" genus="Cucullus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="45" pageNumber="45" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92FEACDFF87BC42FD212EA0FCF9FF22" box="[716,808,226,250]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="45">Cucullus</emphasis>
|
||
: Cucullus
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
broadened laterally, wider than long; ventrolateral margins rounded (fig. 9E); ventral margin predominantly linear in anterior aspect, shallowly bilobate in ventral aspect, posterior surface worn, unclear if median row of denticulations present; anterior surface shallowly convex, without ventral compressed surface; pair of moderately developed sublateral longitudinal sulci; ventral part with moderate anteromedian elevation, visible in ventral aspect (fig. 10C), anteromedian knoblike tubercle absent.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE436DFFF87BC42FD212C0FFC33FCB6" blockId="45.[683,1214,226,1738]" pageId="45" pageNumber="45">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92FEACDFF87BC42FD212C0FFCEAFDBD" box="[716,827,589,613]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="45">Chelicerae</emphasis>
|
||
: Manus dorsal surface with large toothlike process distally. Movable finger longer than fixed finger, tooth row comprising six small teeth; sharp prodorsal longitudinal carina parallel to tooth row (opposite fixed finger); mucron with shallow but distinct prolateral excavation (opposite fixed finger) delimited by two parallel longitudinal carinae. Fixed finger tooth row comprising four small teeth.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE436DFFF87BC42FD212D35FC77FB01" blockId="45.[683,1214,226,1738]" pageId="45" pageNumber="45">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92FEACDFF87BC42FD212D35FC47FC57" box="[716,918,887,911]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="45">Coxosternal region</emphasis>
|
||
: Tritosternum very small, barely visible, not abutting coxae of legs I (fig. 11E); coxae of legs II and IV abutting one another medially along entire length, coxae of legs III abutting along anterior two-thirds; coxae of legs II, anterior and posterior margins almost parallel, slightly narrowing medially, not perpendicular to median axis, inclined anteriorly; coxae of legs II, posterior margin U-shaped medially; suture between coxae of legs II approximately 2× length of suture between coxae of legs III and IV.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE436DFFF87BC5DFD212AA1FC07FE47" blockId="45.[683,1214,226,1738]" lastBlockId="50.[683,1215,226,1738]" lastPageId="50" lastPageNumber="50" pageId="45" pageNumber="45">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92FEACDFF87BC42FD212AA1FC84FB23" box="[716,853,1251,1275]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="45">Opisthosoma</emphasis>
|
||
: Opisthosoma oval, longer than wide, broadest at tergite XII. Posterodorsal and posteroventral margins without spiniform granules (figs. 14E, 17E). Tergites X–XIII each comprising median and lateral sclerites; median sclerites of tergites XI–XIII each with paired, shallow submedian depressions near anterior margins; lateral margins of median sclerites converging posteriorly on tergite XI and, to lesser extent, XII, subparallel on XIII; median sclerites of tergites XI and XII wider than long, of XIII approximately as wide as long, square; margins of lateral sclerites adjacent to tergal longitudinal membranes predominantly linear, tergal membranes narrow. Sternites XI–XIII each with pair of shallow submedian depressions similar to tergites (fig. 17E). Pygidium, basal segment parallel to longitudinal axis of opisthosoma; opening very narrow, compressed laterally, width approximately one third lateral width of segment at its base; posterior border narrow; dorsal surface with V-shaped notch; ventral surface entire.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF246657FF84BC41FF81286EFF1EF941" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5414653" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5414653" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5414653/files/figure.png" pageId="46" pageNumber="46" startId="46.[108,194,1580,1601]" targetBox="[109,1206,236,1549]" targetPageId="46">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE436DFFF84BC41FF81286EFF1EF941" blockId="46.[108,1212,1578,1690]" pageId="46" pageNumber="46">
|
||
FIGURE 28.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D5CFF84BC41FF002868FE06F99A" authority="Ewing, 1929" authorityName="Ewing" authorityYear="1929" box="[237,471,1578,1602]" class="Arachnida" family="Ricinoididae" genus="Ricinoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ricinulei" pageId="46" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92FEACDFF84BC41FF002868FE83F99A" box="[237,338,1578,1602]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="46">Ricinoides</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCA4B2EFF84BC41FEB52868FE06F99A" author="Ewing, H. E." box="[344,471,1578,1602]" pageId="46" pageNumber="46" pagination="583 - 600" refId="ref33653" refString="Ewing, H. E. 1929. A synopsis of the American arachnids of the primitive order Ricinulei. Annals of the Entomological Society of America 22: 583 - 600." type="journal article" year="1929">Ewing, 1929</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, leg III copulatory apparatus, prolateral (
|
||
<emphasis id="B92FEACDFF84BC41FC9B2868FC75F99A" bold="true" box="[886,932,1578,1602]" pageId="46" pageNumber="46">A, B</emphasis>
|
||
), dorsal (
|
||
<emphasis id="B92FEACDFF84BC41FBEB2868FBE6F99A" bold="true" box="[1030,1079,1578,1602]" pageId="46" pageNumber="46">C, D</emphasis>
|
||
), retrolateral (
|
||
<emphasis id="B92FEACDFF84BC41FF982805FF4EF987" bold="true" box="[117,159,1607,1631]" pageId="46" pageNumber="46">E, F</emphasis>
|
||
), ventral (
|
||
<emphasis id="B92FEACDFF84BC41FEE02805FE90F987" bold="true" box="[269,321,1607,1631]" pageId="46" pageNumber="46">G, H</emphasis>
|
||
), and frontal (
|
||
<emphasis id="B92FEACDFF84BC41FE372805FE2AF987" bold="true" box="[474,507,1607,1631]" pageId="46" pageNumber="46">I, J</emphasis>
|
||
) aspects.
|
||
<emphasis id="B92FEACDFF84BC41FD892805FD21F987" bold="true" box="[612,752,1607,1631]" pageId="46" pageNumber="46">A, C, E, G, I.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D5CFF84BC41FD1B2805FBEEF987" authority="(Thorell, 1892)" baseAuthorityName="Thorell" baseAuthorityYear="1892" box="[758,1087,1607,1631]" class="Arachnida" family="Ricinoididae" genus="Ricinoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ricinulei" pageId="46" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="afzelii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92FEACDFF84BC41FD1B2805FC4CF987" box="[758,925,1607,1631]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="46">Ricinoides afzelii</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCA4B2EFF84BC41FC412805FBE9F987" author="Thorell, T." box="[940,1080,1607,1631]" pageId="46" pageNumber="46" pagination="1 - 18" refId="ref35385" refString="Thorell, T. 1892. On an apparently new arachnid belonging to the family Cryptostemmoidae, Westw. Kungliga Svenska Vetenskaps-akademiens Handlingar 17: 1 - 18." type="journal article" year="1892">Thorell, 1892</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, ♂ (BMNH 13588948).
|
||
<emphasis id="B92FEACDFF84BC41FF092827FEBDF9A5" bold="true" box="[228,364,1637,1661]" pageId="46" pageNumber="46">B, D, F, H, J.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D5CFF84BC41FE9E2826FD19F9A5" authority="Naskrecki, 2008" authorityName="Naskrecki" authorityYear="2008" box="[371,712,1636,1661]" class="Arachnida" family="Ricinoididae" genus="Ricinoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ricinulei" pageId="46" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="atewa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92FEACDFF84BC41FE9E2826FDCAF9A4" box="[371,539,1636,1660]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="46">Ricinoides atewa</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCA4B2EFF84BC41FDCE2826FD19F9A5" author="Naskrecki, P." box="[547,712,1636,1661]" pageId="46" pageNumber="46" pagination="57 - 64" refId="ref34808" refString="Naskrecki, P. 2008. A new ricinuleid of the genus Ricinoides Ewing (Arachnida, Ricinulei) from Ghana. Zootaxa 1698: 57 - 64." type="journal article" year="2008">Naskrecki, 2008</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, holotype ♂ (AMNH IZC 324855). Scale bars = 0.25 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF246657FF85BC40FF812869FBB4F9A3" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5414661" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5414661" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5414661/files/figure.png" pageId="47" pageNumber="47" startId="47.[108,194,1579,1600]" targetBox="[108,1152,237,1547]" targetPageId="47">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE436DFFF85BC40FF812869FBB4F9A3" blockId="47.[108,1212,1577,1660]" pageId="47" pageNumber="47">
|
||
FIGURE 29.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D5CFF85BC40FF00286BFE06F999" authority="Ewing, 1929" authorityName="Ewing" authorityYear="1929" box="[237,471,1577,1601]" class="Arachnida" family="Ricinoididae" genus="Ricinoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ricinulei" pageId="47" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92FEACDFF85BC40FF00286BFE83F999" box="[237,338,1577,1601]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="47">Ricinoides</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCA4B2EFF85BC40FEB5286BFE06F999" author="Ewing, H. E." box="[344,471,1577,1601]" pageId="47" pageNumber="47" pagination="583 - 600" refId="ref33653" refString="Ewing, H. E. 1929. A synopsis of the American arachnids of the primitive order Ricinulei. Annals of the Entomological Society of America 22: 583 - 600." type="journal article" year="1929">Ewing, 1929</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, leg III copulatory apparatus, prolateral (
|
||
<emphasis id="B92FEACDFF85BC40FC9B286BFC75F999" bold="true" box="[886,932,1577,1601]" pageId="47" pageNumber="47">A, B</emphasis>
|
||
), dorsal (
|
||
<emphasis id="B92FEACDFF85BC40FBEB286BFBE6F999" bold="true" box="[1030,1079,1577,1601]" pageId="47" pageNumber="47">C, D</emphasis>
|
||
), retrolateral (
|
||
<emphasis id="B92FEACDFF85BC40FF982804FF4CF986" bold="true" box="[117,157,1606,1630]" pageId="47" pageNumber="47">E, F</emphasis>
|
||
), ventral (
|
||
<emphasis id="B92FEACDFF85BC40FEE82804FEE6F986" bold="true" box="[261,311,1606,1630]" pageId="47" pageNumber="47">G, H</emphasis>
|
||
), and frontal (
|
||
<emphasis id="B92FEACDFF85BC40FE252804FE37F986" bold="true" box="[456,486,1606,1630]" pageId="47" pageNumber="47">I, J</emphasis>
|
||
) aspects.
|
||
<emphasis id="B92FEACDFF85BC40FDA52804FD1BF986" bold="true" box="[584,714,1606,1630]" pageId="47" pageNumber="47">A, C, E, G, I.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D5CFF85BC40FD3D2804FC43F986" authority="Botero-Trujillo & Sain & Prendini, 2021" authorityName="Botero-Trujillo & Sain & Prendini" authorityYear="2021" box="[720,914,1606,1630]" class="Arachnida" family="Ricinoididae" genus="Ricinoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ricinulei" pageId="47" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="eburneus" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92FEACDFF85BC40FD3D2804FC43F986" box="[720,914,1606,1630]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="47">Ricinoides eburneus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21C57B6FF85BC40FC732805FC3AF986" box="[926,1003,1607,1630]" pageId="47" pageNumber="47" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
, holotype ♂ (MRAC 230.162).
|
||
<emphasis id="B92FEACDFF85BC40FF3D2826FE84F9A4" bold="true" box="[208,341,1636,1660]" pageId="47" pageNumber="47">B, D, F, H, J.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D5CFF85BC40FEB12826FD42F9A4" authority="(Hansen, 1921)" baseAuthorityName="Hansen" baseAuthorityYear="1921" box="[348,659,1636,1660]" class="Arachnida" family="Ricinoididae" genus="Ricinoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ricinulei" pageId="47" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="feae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92FEACDFF85BC40FEB12826FE3FF9A4" box="[348,494,1636,1660]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="47">Ricinoides feae</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCA4B2EFF85BC40FE112826FD5DF9A4" author="Hansen, H. J." box="[508,652,1636,1660]" pageId="47" pageNumber="47" pagination="1 - 55" refId="ref33932" refString="Hansen, H. J. 1921. The Pedipalpi, Ricinulei, and Opiliones (exc. Op. Laniatores) collected by Mr. Leonardo Fea in tropical West Africa and adjacent islands. In Studies on Arthropoda, vol. 1: 1 - 55. Copenhagen: Gyldendalske Boghandel." type="journal article" year="1921">Hansen, 1921</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, lectotype ♂ (MSNG). Scale bars = 0.25 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF246657FF9ABC5FFF812872FBF9F958" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5414665" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5414665" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5414665/files/figure.png" pageId="48" pageNumber="48" startId="48.[108,194,1584,1605]" targetBox="[109,1200,230,1547]" targetPageId="48">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE436DFFF9ABC5FFF812872FBF9F958" blockId="48.[108,1213,1582,1665]" pageId="48" pageNumber="48">
|
||
FIGURE 30.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D5CFF9ABC5FFF00286CFE06F99E" authority="Ewing, 1929" authorityName="Ewing" authorityYear="1929" box="[237,471,1582,1606]" class="Arachnida" family="Ricinoididae" genus="Ricinoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ricinulei" pageId="48" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92FEACDFF9ABC5FFF00286CFE83F99E" box="[237,338,1582,1606]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="48">Ricinoides</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCA4B2EFF9ABC5FFEB5286CFE06F99E" author="Ewing, H. E." box="[344,471,1582,1606]" pageId="48" pageNumber="48" pagination="583 - 600" refId="ref33653" refString="Ewing, H. E. 1929. A synopsis of the American arachnids of the primitive order Ricinulei. Annals of the Entomological Society of America 22: 583 - 600." type="journal article" year="1929">Ewing, 1929</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, leg III copulatory apparatus, prolateral (
|
||
<emphasis id="B92FEACDFF9ABC5FFC9B286CFC75F99E" bold="true" box="[886,932,1582,1606]" pageId="48" pageNumber="48">A, B</emphasis>
|
||
), dorsal (
|
||
<emphasis id="B92FEACDFF9ABC5FFBEB286CFBE6F99E" bold="true" box="[1030,1079,1582,1606]" pageId="48" pageNumber="48">C, D</emphasis>
|
||
), retrolateral (
|
||
<emphasis id="B92FEACDFF9ABC5FFF98280EFF4EF9BC" bold="true" box="[117,159,1612,1636]" pageId="48" pageNumber="48">E, F</emphasis>
|
||
), ventral (
|
||
<emphasis id="B92FEACDFF9ABC5FFEE62809FEEEF9BC" bold="true" box="[267,319,1611,1636]" pageId="48" pageNumber="48">G, H</emphasis>
|
||
), and frontal (
|
||
<emphasis id="B92FEACDFF9ABC5FFE3B280EFE27F9BC" bold="true" box="[470,502,1612,1636]" pageId="48" pageNumber="48">I, J</emphasis>
|
||
) aspects.
|
||
<emphasis id="B92FEACDFF9ABC5FFDB02809FD36F9BC" bold="true" box="[605,743,1611,1636]" pageId="48" pageNumber="48">A, C, E, G, I.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D5CFF9ABC5FFD002809FCABF9BB" authority="Botero-Trujillo & Sain & Prendini, 2021" authorityName="Botero-Trujillo & Sain & Prendini" authorityYear="2021" box="[749,890,1611,1635]" class="Arachnida" family="Ricinoididae" genus="Ricinoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ricinulei" pageId="48" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="iita" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92FEACDFF9ABC5FFD002809FCABF9BB" box="[749,890,1611,1635]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="48">Ricinoides iita</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21C57B6FF9ABC5FFC6A280EFC07F9BB" box="[903,982,1612,1635]" pageId="48" pageNumber="48" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
, holotype ♂ (USNM).
|
||
<emphasis id="B92FEACDFF9ABC5FFF80282BFF23F959" bold="true" box="[109,242,1641,1665]" pageId="48" pageNumber="48">B, D, F, H, J.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D5CFF9ABC5FFF1A282BFE76F959" authority="Botero-Trujillo & Sain & Prendini, 2021" authorityName="Botero-Trujillo & Sain & Prendini" authorityYear="2021" box="[247,423,1641,1665]" class="Arachnida" family="Ricinoididae" genus="Ricinoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ricinulei" pageId="48" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kakum" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92FEACDFF9ABC5FFF1A282BFE76F959" box="[247,423,1641,1665]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="48">Ricinoides kakum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21C57B6FF9ABC5FFE59282BFDD2F958" box="[436,515,1641,1664]" pageId="48" pageNumber="48" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
, holotype ♂ (MRAC 217.183). Scale bars = 0.25 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF246657FF9BBC5EFF812872FB6CF958" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5414667" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5414667" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5414667/files/figure.png" pageId="49" pageNumber="49" startId="49.[108,194,1584,1605]" targetBox="[108,1176,224,1548]" targetPageId="49">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE436DFFF9BBC5EFF812872FB6CF958" blockId="49.[108,1214,1582,1665]" pageId="49" pageNumber="49">
|
||
FIGURE 31.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D5CFF9BBC5EFF00286CFE06F99E" authority="Ewing, 1929" authorityName="Ewing" authorityYear="1929" box="[237,471,1582,1606]" class="Arachnida" family="Ricinoididae" genus="Ricinoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ricinulei" pageId="49" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92FEACDFF9BBC5EFF00286CFE83F99E" box="[237,338,1582,1606]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="49">Ricinoides</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCA4B2EFF9BBC5EFEB5286CFE06F99E" author="Ewing, H. E." box="[344,471,1582,1606]" pageId="49" pageNumber="49" pagination="583 - 600" refId="ref33653" refString="Ewing, H. E. 1929. A synopsis of the American arachnids of the primitive order Ricinulei. Annals of the Entomological Society of America 22: 583 - 600." type="journal article" year="1929">Ewing, 1929</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, leg III copulatory apparatus, prolateral (
|
||
<emphasis id="B92FEACDFF9BBC5EFC9B286CFC75F99E" bold="true" box="[886,932,1582,1606]" pageId="49" pageNumber="49">A, B</emphasis>
|
||
), dorsal (
|
||
<emphasis id="B92FEACDFF9BBC5EFBEB286CFBE6F99E" bold="true" box="[1030,1079,1582,1606]" pageId="49" pageNumber="49">C, D</emphasis>
|
||
), retrolateral (
|
||
<emphasis id="B92FEACDFF9BBC5EFF98280EFF4EF9BC" bold="true" box="[117,159,1612,1636]" pageId="49" pageNumber="49">E, F</emphasis>
|
||
), ventral (
|
||
<emphasis id="B92FEACDFF9BBC5EFEE12809FE91F9BC" bold="true" box="[268,320,1611,1636]" pageId="49" pageNumber="49">G, H</emphasis>
|
||
), and frontal (
|
||
<emphasis id="B92FEACDFF9BBC5EFE3A280EFE29F9BC" bold="true" box="[471,504,1612,1636]" pageId="49" pageNumber="49">I, J</emphasis>
|
||
) aspects.
|
||
<emphasis id="B92FEACDFF9BBC5EFDB22809FD38F9BC" bold="true" box="[607,745,1611,1636]" pageId="49" pageNumber="49">A, C, E, G, I.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D5CFF9BBC5EFD022809FC31F9BB" authority="Botero-Trujillo & Sain & Prendini, 2021" authorityName="Botero-Trujillo & Sain & Prendini" authorityYear="2021" box="[751,992,1611,1635]" class="Arachnida" family="Ricinoididae" genus="Ricinoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ricinulei" pageId="49" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nzerekorensis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92FEACDFF9BBC5EFD022809FC31F9BB" box="[751,992,1611,1635]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="49">Ricinoides nzerekorensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21C57B6FF9BBC5EFC00280EFBECF9BB" box="[1005,1085,1612,1635]" pageId="49" pageNumber="49" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
, paratype ♂ (MRAC 209.286).
|
||
<emphasis id="B92FEACDFF9BBC5EFEC5282BFE7DF959" bold="true" box="[296,428,1641,1665]" pageId="49" pageNumber="49">B, D, F, H, J.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D5CFF9BBC5EFE5F282BFDEEF958" authority="Botero-Trujillo & Sain & Prendini, 2021" authorityName="Botero-Trujillo & Sain & Prendini" authorityYear="2021" box="[434,575,1641,1665]" class="Arachnida" family="Ricinoididae" genus="Ricinoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ricinulei" pageId="49" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="taii" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92FEACDFF9BBC5EFE5F282BFDEEF958" box="[434,575,1641,1665]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="49">Ricinoides taii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21C57B6FF9BBC5EFDA6282BFD4BF958" box="[587,666,1641,1664]" pageId="49" pageNumber="49" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
, holotype ♂ (MRAC 233.458). Scale bars = 0.25 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE436DFFF98BC5DFD212FEAFB83FD5E" blockId="50.[683,1215,226,1738]" pageId="50" pageNumber="50">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92FEACDFF98BC5DFD212FEAFCE3FE18" box="[716,818,424,448]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="50">Pedipalps</emphasis>
|
||
: Femur globose, length approximately 2× depth. Tibia longer than femur; predominantly linear, slightly curving ventrally (fig. 20E); robust along entire length, margins parallel in dorsal aspect and, to lesser extent, lateral aspect; apical longitudinal carinae absent. Movable finger approximately 2× length of fixed finger.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE436DFFF98BC5DFD212CD2FCD0F912" blockId="50.[683,1215,226,1738]" pageId="50" pageNumber="50">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92FEACDFF98BC5DFD212CD2FD26FD7F" box="[716,759,656,679]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="50">Legs</emphasis>
|
||
: Leg II longest, femur markedly incrassate (figs. 24A, C). Femora width (at midline) increasing in order leg III <I <IV << II; dorsal surface with longitudinal sulcus distinct on all legs. Leg I tibia without ventral apophyses; metatarsus subcircular in cross section, with deep proventral depression in proximal third and without prominent ventral excrescence (fig. 21E). Leg II tibia with large ventromedian apophysis proximally (fig. 24E), not markedly hook shaped, with pointed apex, entirely covered with tuberose granules; tibia and metatarsus without pad of long translucent setae ventrally; metatarsus with very shallow subproximal depression but without ventrosubmedian concavity or excrescence (fig. 24G); first to third tarsomeres short, subequal, fourth approximately 2× length of preceding tarsomeres; all tarsomeres movable. Leg III metatarsus not swollen, with moderate concavity dorsodistally; proventral surface with apical brushlike row of long, yellowish setae (fig. 27); prodorsal proximal sulcus present; metatarsus, metatarsal process, and tarsus precisely fitting together to completely encase copulatory apparatus when tarsus retracted; metatarsal process situated basally near tibia, robust, tapering and slightly laterally compressed, longitudinal axis sinuous, apex pointing retrolaterally;
|
||
<emphasis id="B92FEACDFF98BC5DFB992B88FCF7F9DB" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="50">lamina cyathiformis</emphasis>
|
||
of second tarsomere longer than deep, with pointed apex; subdistal (third) tarsomere with acute dorsodistal process. Leg IV tarsus not swollen. Legs III and IV terminal tarsomere apex, dorsal margin sublinear, covering ungues. Leg I tarsus and legs II–IV terminal tarsomeres without ventrodistal papillae.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF246657FF98BC5DFF812874FF32F919" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5414671" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5414671" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5414671/files/figure.png" pageId="50" pageNumber="50" startId="50.[108,194,1590,1611]" targetBox="[108,627,235,1558]" targetPageId="50">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE436DFFF98BC5DFF812874FF32F919" blockId="50.[108,636,1588,1729]" pageId="50" pageNumber="50">
|
||
FIGURE 32.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D5CFF98BC5DFF1D2876FF39F9B2" authority="(Guerin-Meneville, 1838)" baseAuthorityName="Guerin-Meneville" baseAuthorityYear="1838" class="Arachnida" family="Ricinoididae" genus="Ricinoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ricinulei" pageId="50" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="westermannii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92FEACDFF98BC5DFF1D2876FE32F994" box="[240,483,1588,1612]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="50">Ricinoides westermannii</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCA4B2EFF98BC5DFE1C2876FF30F9B2" author="Guerin-Meneville, F. E." pageId="50" pageNumber="50" pagination="10 - 14" refId="ref33903" refString="Guerin-Meneville, F. E. 1838. Note sur l' Acanthodon et sur le Cryptostemme, nouveaux genres d'arachnides. Revue Zoologique 1: 10 - 14." type="journal article" year="1838">Guérin-Méneville, 1838</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, neotype ♂ (ZMB 7013), leg III copulatory apparatus, prolateral (
|
||
<emphasis id="B92FEACDFF98BC5DFE9A282DFE58F95F" bold="true" box="[375,393,1647,1671]" pageId="50" pageNumber="50">A</emphasis>
|
||
), dorsal (
|
||
<emphasis id="B92FEACDFF98BC5DFE04282DFE28F95F" bold="true" box="[489,505,1647,1671]" pageId="50" pageNumber="50">B</emphasis>
|
||
), retrolateral (
|
||
<emphasis id="B92FEACDFF98BC5DFF9828CEFF57F97C" bold="true" box="[117,134,1676,1700]" pageId="50" pageNumber="50">C</emphasis>
|
||
), ventral (
|
||
<emphasis id="B92FEACDFF98BC5DFF1928CEFED6F97C" bold="true" box="[244,263,1676,1700]" pageId="50" pageNumber="50">D</emphasis>
|
||
), and frontal (
|
||
<emphasis id="B92FEACDFF98BC5DFE4D28CEFE7EF97C" bold="true" box="[416,431,1676,1700]" pageId="50" pageNumber="50">E</emphasis>
|
||
) aspects. Scale bars = 0.25 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE436DFFF99BC5CFF612EA0FDDAFD7F" blockId="51.[108,637,226,779]" pageId="51" pageNumber="51">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92FEACDFF99BC5CFF612EA0FEA4FF21" box="[140,373,226,250]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="51">Copulatory apparatus</emphasis>
|
||
: Fixed process,
|
||
<emphasis id="B92FEACDFF99BC5CFDC52EA0FD94FF21" box="[552,581,226,249]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="51">PL</emphasis>
|
||
lobe moderately expanded and dorsoventrally compressed (figs. 30C, G). Distal lobular region, primary α lobe very long and narrow, subcircular in cross-section (figs. 30A, C, E, G, I, 33E); origin slightly prolateral, curving toward retrolateral surface; margins smooth. Primary β lobe medium sized, distinctly bicuspid, with β
|
||
<subScript id="17DF349AFF99BC5CFE2D2F97FE18FE3E" attach="left" box="[448,457,469,486]" fontSize="7" pageId="51" pageNumber="51">2</subScript>
|
||
fingerlike, larger than β
|
||
<subScript id="17DF349AFF99BC5CFF5C2FB4FF68FDDF" attach="right" box="[177,185,502,519]" fontSize="7" pageId="51" pageNumber="51">1</subScript>
|
||
, which is pointed.
|
||
<emphasis id="B92FEACDFF99BC5CFE682FA8FE74FDDA" box="[389,421,490,514]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="51">rsd</emphasis>
|
||
lobe medium sized, pronounced, associated with distinct subdistal emargination. Secondary
|
||
<emphasis id="B92FEACDFF99BC5CFE632C6EFE78FD9C" box="[398,425,556,580]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="51">pd</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis id="B92FEACDFF99BC5CFE042C6EFDD1FD9C" box="[489,512,556,580]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="51">rd</emphasis>
|
||
lobes well developed, pointed;
|
||
<emphasis id="B92FEACDFF99BC5CFEAA2C0FFEB3FDBD" box="[327,354,589,613]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="51">pd</emphasis>
|
||
situated adjacent to β and
|
||
<emphasis id="B92FEACDFF99BC5CFF802C2CFF55FD5E" box="[109,132,622,646]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="51">rd</emphasis>
|
||
lobes. Movable process slender, slightly flexible, narrowing distally; apex simple, entire.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE436DFFF99BC5CFF612CF3FEB5FD10" blockId="51.[108,637,226,779]" box="[140,356,688,713]" pageId="51" pageNumber="51">FEMALE: Unknown.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3416554FF99BC5CFF612C90FDADFCD2" pageId="51" pageNumber="51" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE436DFFF99BC5CFF612C90FDADFCD2" blockId="51.[108,637,226,779]" pageId="51" pageNumber="51">
|
||
DISTRIBUTION: This species is known only from the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54E0887DFF99BC5CFF7F2CB1FF6EFCD3" box="[146,191,755,779]" pageId="51" pageNumber="51">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality in the state of
|
||
<collectingRegion id="499FF83DFF99BC5CFE4B2CB1FE04FCD3" box="[422,469,755,779]" country="Nigeria" name="Oyo" pageId="51" pageNumber="51">Oyo</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F34C764FFF99BC5CFE322CB1FDFDFCD3" box="[479,556,755,779]" name="Nigeria" pageId="51" pageNumber="51">Nigeria</collectingCountry>
|
||
(fig. 5).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |