treatments-xml/data/03/F2/14/03F2142B8A328866FEAFF9F4FE5FF9A4.xml

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<mods:title id="DCDAE8458A6274CDC2E83D58776200DC">A review of the genera comprising species of the genus Eurynogaster sensu Hardy &amp; Kohn, 1964 in Hawai‘i (Diptera: Dolichopodidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="2B043B29521C73A8E0FDDDBE993F84E2">Evenhuis, Neal L.</mods:namePart>
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<paragraph id="8BE4A53D8A328864FEAFF9F4FD40F987" blockId="12.[264,646,1635,1697]" box="[264,646,1635,1662]" pageId="12" pageNumber="51">
<heading id="D0AC12518A328864FEAFF9F4FD40F987" bold="true" box="[264,646,1635,1662]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="12" pageNumber="51" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B92F792F8A328864FEAFF9F4FD40F987" bold="true" box="[264,646,1635,1662]" pageId="12" pageNumber="51">
Genus 
<taxonomicName id="4C5BDEBE8A328864FEF8F9F3FDE1F987" ID-CoL="62XWS" ID-ENA="1925465" authority="Evenhuis" authorityName="Evenhuis" authorityYear="2005" box="[351,551,1635,1662]" class="Insecta" family="Dolichopodidae" genus="Major" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
<emphasis id="B92F792F8A328864FEF8F9F3FE6CF984" bold="true" box="[351,426,1636,1662]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="51">Major</emphasis>
Evenhuis
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21CC4548A328864FD93F9F4FD40F987" box="[564,646,1635,1661]" pageId="12" pageNumber="51" rank="genus">gen. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C341F6B68A328864FEAFF910FE3AF95B" box="[264,508,1671,1697]" pageId="12" pageNumber="51" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BE4A53D8A328864FEAFF910FE3AF95B" blockId="12.[264,646,1635,1697]" box="[264,508,1671,1697]" pageId="12" pageNumber="51">
(
<figureCitation id="1360B9B88A328864FEB6F910FEA5F95B" box="[273,355,1671,1697]" captionStart="FIGURES 8–11" captionStartId="8.[264,382,1644,1668]" captionTargetBox="[267,1319,291,1590]" captionTargetId="figure-93@8.[190,1323,281,1641]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 8–11. Male habitus views. 8. Major minor (Parent). 9. Sigmatineurum napali Evenhuis (from Evenhuis and Polhemus, 1994). 10. Sweziella conspicua (Hardy &amp; Kohn). 11. Uropachys fusticercus (Hardy &amp; Kohn)." pageId="12" pageNumber="51">Figs. 8</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="1360B9B88A328864FED7F910FE5AF95B" box="[368,412,1671,1697]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="12.[264,367,1486,1510]" captionTargetBox="[507,1079,794,1459]" captionTargetId="figure-240@12.[405,1182,766,1485]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 12. Apices of male mid legs. a. Major minor (Parent). b. Eurynogaster clavaticauda Van Duzee." pageId="12" pageNumber="51">12a</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="1360B9B88A328864FE0EF910FE0EF95B" box="[425,456,1671,1697]" captionStart="FIGURES 13–20" captionStartId="13.[264,382,1352,1376]" captionTargetBox="[289,1298,406,1328]" captionTargetId="figure-223@13.[289,1298,406,1328]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURES 13–20. Male wings. 13. Adachia williamsi (Hardy &amp; Kohn). 14. Arciellia flaviventer (Hardy &amp; Kohn). 15. Elmoia viridifacies (Parent). 16. Eurynogaster clavaticauda Van Duzee. 17. Major minor (Parent). 18. Sigmatineurum binodatum (Parent). 19. Sweziella virida (Van Duzee). 20. Uropachys palustricola (Hardy &amp; Kohn)." pageId="12" pageNumber="51">17</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="1360B9B88A328864FE72F910FE35F95B" box="[469,499,1671,1697]" captionStart="FIGURES 25–28" captionStartId="16.[264,382,1333,1357]" captionTargetBox="[313,1287,557,1313]" captionTargetId="figure-211@16.[289,1297,549,1324]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURES 25–28. Hypopygia. 25. Major minor (Parent). 26. Sigmatineurum napali Evenhuis. 27. Sweziella pictilipenna (Tenorio). 28. Uropachys flavicrurus (Hardy &amp; Kohn). Abbreviations: ae = aedeagus; av = apicoventral epandrial lobe; bv = basiventral epandrial lobe; hy = hypandrium; lh = lateral process of hypandrium; pg = postgonite; su = surstylus." pageId="12" pageNumber="51">25</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C341F6B68A328864FEAFF941FB99F90B" box="[264,1119,1750,1777]" pageId="12" pageNumber="51" type="type_taxon">
<paragraph id="8BE4A53D8A328864FEAFF941FB99F90B" blockId="12.[264,1119,1750,1777]" box="[264,1119,1750,1777]" pageId="12" pageNumber="51">
<emphasis id="B92F792F8A328864FEAFF941FE64F90A" bold="true" box="[264,418,1750,1776]" pageId="12" pageNumber="51">
<typeStatus id="54E01B9F8A328864FEAFF941FE81F90A" box="[264,327,1750,1776]" pageId="12" pageNumber="51">Type</typeStatus>
species
</emphasis>
: 
<taxonomicName id="4C5BDEBE8A328864FE14F940FC82F90B" ID-CoL="8D6S4" authority="Parent, 1938" authorityName="Parent" authorityYear="1938" box="[435,836,1751,1777]" class="Insecta" family="Dolichopodidae" genus="Paraliancalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="minor">
<emphasis id="B92F792F8A328864FE14F940FD60F90A" box="[435,678,1751,1776]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="51">Paraliancalus minor</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFCAD8CC8A328864FD0AF940FC82F90B" author="Parent, O." box="[685,836,1751,1777]" pageId="12" pageNumber="51" pagination="209 - 219" refId="ref10661" refString="Parent, O. (1938) Quelques dipteres dolichopodides des Iles Hawaii. Konowia, 16, 209 - 219" type="journal article" year="1938">Parent, 1938</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, by present designation.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C341F6B68A328865FEAFF8B1FDCEFEA4" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="52" pageId="12" pageNumber="51" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BE4A53D8A328864FEAFF8B1FAEDF893" blockId="12.[264,1323,1830,1897]" pageId="12" pageNumber="51">
<emphasis id="B92F792F8A328864FEAFF8B1FE46F8BA" bold="true" box="[264,384,1830,1856]" pageId="12" pageNumber="51">Diagnosis</emphasis>
: The genus is easily recognized among Hawaiian dolichopodids by its conspicuously large tarsal claws (present in both males and females) combined with the long, thin,
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE4A53D8A338865FEAFFE8BFDCEFEA4" blockId="13.[264,1323,284,350]" pageId="13" pageNumber="52">
recurved and fused cerci of the hypopygium, and large unilobed surstyli without conspicuous setation (
<figureCitation id="1360B9B88A338865FE04FED3FE3DFEA4" box="[419,507,324,350]" captionStart="FIGURES 25–28" captionStartId="16.[264,382,1333,1357]" captionTargetBox="[313,1287,557,1313]" captionTargetId="figure-211@16.[289,1297,549,1324]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURES 25–28. Hypopygia. 25. Major minor (Parent). 26. Sigmatineurum napali Evenhuis. 27. Sweziella pictilipenna (Tenorio). 28. Uropachys flavicrurus (Hardy &amp; Kohn). Abbreviations: ae = aedeagus; av = apicoventral epandrial lobe; bv = basiventral epandrial lobe; hy = hypandrium; lh = lateral process of hypandrium; pg = postgonite; su = surstylus." pageId="13" pageNumber="52">Fig. 25</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="DF24F5B58A338865FEAFFADFFD2DFA3D" pageId="13" pageNumber="52" startId="13.[264,382,1352,1376]" targetBox="[289,1298,406,1328]" targetPageId="13">
<paragraph id="8BE4A53D8A338865FEAFFADFFD2DFA3D" blockId="13.[264,1323,1352,1480]" pageId="13" pageNumber="52">
<emphasis id="B92F792F8A338865FEAFFADFFE0CFA9A" bold="true" box="[264,458,1352,1376]" pageId="13" pageNumber="52">FIGURES 13–20</emphasis>
. Male wings. 
<emphasis id="B92F792F8A338865FDCDFADFFD43FA9A" bold="true" box="[618,645,1352,1376]" pageId="13" pageNumber="52">13</emphasis>
. 
<taxonomicName id="4C5BDEBE8A338865FD33FADFFBDAFAA5" authority="(Hardy &amp; Kohn)" authorityName="Evenhuis" authorityYear="2005" baseAuthorityName="Hardy &amp; Kohn" baseAuthorityYear="2005" box="[660,1052,1352,1375]" class="Insecta" family="Dolichopodidae" genus="Adachia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="williamsi">
<emphasis id="B92F792F8A338865FD33FADFFC9EFAA5" box="[660,856,1352,1375]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="52">Adachia williamsi</emphasis>
(Hardy &amp; Kohn)
</taxonomicName>
. 
<emphasis id="B92F792F8A338865FB8FFADFFB85FA9A" bold="true" box="[1064,1091,1352,1376]" pageId="13" pageNumber="52">14</emphasis>
. 
<taxonomicName id="4C5BDEBE8A338865FBF4FADFFE07FA78" authority="(Hardy &amp; Kohn)" authorityName="Evenhuis" authorityYear="2005" baseAuthorityName="Hardy &amp; Kohn" baseAuthorityYear="2005" class="Insecta" family="Dolichopodidae" genus="Arciellia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flaviventer">
<emphasis id="B92F792F8A338865FBF4FADFFAEDFAA5" box="[1107,1323,1352,1375]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="52">Arciellia flaviventer</emphasis>
(Hardy &amp; Kohn)
</taxonomicName>
. 
<emphasis id="B92F792F8A338865FE6BFAFCFE21FA79" bold="true" box="[460,487,1387,1411]" pageId="13" pageNumber="52">15</emphasis>
. 
<taxonomicName id="4C5BDEBE8A338865FE52FAFCFCE2FA78" authority="(Parent)" authorityName="Evenhuis" authorityYear="2005" baseAuthorityName="Evenhuis" baseAuthorityYear="2005" box="[501,804,1387,1410]" class="Insecta" family="Dolichopodidae" genus="Elmoia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="viridifacies">
<emphasis id="B92F792F8A338865FE52FAFCFD02FA78" box="[501,708,1387,1410]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="52">Elmoia viridifacies</emphasis>
(Parent)
</taxonomicName>
. 
<emphasis id="B92F792F8A338865FC97FAFCFC8DFA79" bold="true" box="[816,843,1387,1411]" pageId="13" pageNumber="52">16</emphasis>
. 
<taxonomicName id="4C5BDEBE8A338865FCFEFAFCFAC4FA78" authority="Van Duzee." authorityName="Van Duzee." box="[857,1282,1387,1410]" class="Insecta" family="Dolichopodidae" genus="Eurynogaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="clavaticauda">
<emphasis id="B92F792F8A338865FCFEFAFCFBBBFA78" box="[857,1149,1387,1410]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="52">Eurynogaster clavaticauda</emphasis>
Van Duzee.
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B92F792F8A338865FAAEFAFCFAE5FA79" bold="true" box="[1289,1315,1387,1411]" pageId="13" pageNumber="52">17</emphasis>
. 
<taxonomicName id="4C5BDEBE8A338865FEAFFA19FE33FA5E" authority="(Parent)" authorityName="Evenhuis" authorityYear="2005" baseAuthorityName="Evenhuis" baseAuthorityYear="2005" box="[264,501,1421,1445]" class="Insecta" family="Dolichopodidae" genus="Major" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="minor">
<emphasis id="B92F792F8A338865FEAFFA19FE55FA5F" box="[264,403,1422,1445]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="52">Major minor</emphasis>
(Parent)
</taxonomicName>
. 
<emphasis id="B92F792F8A338865FDA4FA1AFDD8FA5F" bold="true" box="[515,542,1421,1445]" pageId="13" pageNumber="52">18</emphasis>
. 
<taxonomicName id="4C5BDEBE8A338865FD8AFA19FC6BFA5E" authority="(Parent)" baseAuthorityName="Parent" baseAuthorityYear="1939" box="[557,941,1421,1445]" class="Insecta" family="Dolichopodidae" genus="Sigmatineurum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="binodatum">
<emphasis id="B92F792F8A338865FD8AFA19FC8DFA5F" box="[557,843,1422,1445]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="52">Sigmatineurum binodatum</emphasis>
(Parent)
</taxonomicName>
. 
<emphasis id="B92F792F8A338865FC1DFA1AFC12FA5F" bold="true" box="[954,980,1421,1445]" pageId="13" pageNumber="52">19</emphasis>
. 
<taxonomicName id="4C5BDEBE8A338865FC43FA19FAEEFA5E" authority="(Van Duzee)" authorityName="Evenhuis" authorityYear="2005" baseAuthorityName="Van Duzee" baseAuthorityYear="2005" box="[996,1320,1421,1445]" class="Insecta" family="Dolichopodidae" genus="Sweziella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="virida">
<emphasis id="B92F792F8A338865FC43FA19FB54FA5F" box="[996,1170,1422,1445]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="52">Sweziella virida</emphasis>
(Van Duzee)
</taxonomicName>
. 
<emphasis id="B92F792F8A338865FEAFFA27FEE4FA32" bold="true" box="[264,290,1456,1480]" pageId="13" pageNumber="52">20</emphasis>
. 
<taxonomicName id="4C5BDEBE8A338865FE97FA27FD2EFA3D" authority="(Hardy &amp; Kohn)" authorityName="Evenhuis" authorityYear="2005" baseAuthorityName="Hardy &amp; Kohn" baseAuthorityYear="2005" box="[304,744,1456,1479]" class="Insecta" family="Dolichopodidae" genus="Uropachys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="palustricola">
<emphasis id="B92F792F8A338865FE97FA27FDEAFA3D" box="[304,556,1456,1479]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="52">Uropachys palustricola</emphasis>
(Hardy &amp; Kohn)
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="C341F6B68A338866FE9FFA62FAE6FD64" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="53" pageId="13" pageNumber="52" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BE4A53D8A338866FE9FFA62FE81FD8C" blockId="13.[264,1323,1525,1872]" lastBlockId="14.[264,1323,284,1630]" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="53" pageId="13" pageNumber="52">
<emphasis id="B92F792F8A338865FE9FFA62FE0FF9F5" bold="true" box="[312,457,1525,1551]" pageId="13" pageNumber="52">Description</emphasis>
: 
<emphasis id="B92F792F8A338865FE7FFA62FDD1F9F5" bold="true" box="[472,535,1525,1551]" pageId="13" pageNumber="52">Male</emphasis>
. Body length: 3.5–4.5 mm. Wing length: 3.5–5.2 mm. 
<emphasis id="B92F792F8A338865FB06FA61FB26F9F5" box="[1185,1248,1526,1551]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="52">Head</emphasis>
. Generally shining metallic; face equal to distance between lateral edges of antennal sockets (cf. 
<figureCitation id="1360B9B88A338865FE9FF9D1FEBDF99A" box="[312,379,1606,1632]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–3" captionStartId="6.[264,382,1578,1602]" captionTargetBox="[339,1236,1118,1567]" captionTargetId="figure-320@6.[296,1304,1109,1587]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 1–3. Sympycnine and hydrophorine heads, diagrammatic frontal views. 1. Sigmatineurum napali Evenhuis. 2. Arciellia dolichostoma (Hardy &amp; Kohn) showing enlarged mouthparts. 3. Eurynogaster clavaticauda Van Duzee." pageId="13" pageNumber="52">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
), parallel to clypeus; ventral margin of clypeus ending just above lower margin of eyes; palpi extending below eyes. Antennae with first flagellomere long, rounded apically, length ca. 3 x width; arista dorsal, bare, with micropubescence only at tip. Ocellars large, 1/4–1/3 head height; verticals absent. 
<emphasis id="B92F792F8A338865FCBBF929FCB7F92D" box="[796,881,1726,1751]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="52">Thorax</emphasis>
. Generally shining metallic dorsally, pleura subpollinose. Chaetotaxy as follows: 5 
<emphasis id="B92F792F8A338865FC97F971FC8AF905" box="[816,844,1766,1791]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="52">dc</emphasis>
; 2 
<emphasis id="B92F792F8A338865FCD3F971FC57F905" box="[884,913,1766,1791]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="52">np</emphasis>
; 1 
<emphasis id="B92F792F8A338865FC1CF971FC1EF905" box="[955,984,1766,1791]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="52">ph</emphasis>
; 1 
<emphasis id="B92F792F8A338865FBA6F971FBD8F905" box="[1025,1054,1766,1791]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="52">pa</emphasis>
; 1 
<emphasis id="B92F792F8A338865FBE0F971FB99F905" box="[1095,1119,1766,1791]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="52">sc</emphasis>
; 2 
<emphasis id="B92F792F8A338865FB2FF971FB64F905" box="[1160,1186,1766,1791]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="52">sa</emphasis>
; 
<emphasis id="B92F792F8A338865FB13F971FB16F905" box="[1204,1232,1766,1791]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="52">ac</emphasis>
absent. 
<emphasis id="B92F792F8A338865FEAFF899FEF9F8DD" box="[264,319,1806,1831]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="52">Legs</emphasis>
. Coxae I–III predominantly bare, short fine hairs apically. All femora with ventral bristles, strongest on FII and FIII. Tibia II and TIII with a few strong setae. Claws large (
<figureCitation id="1360B9B88A308866FEB6FE8BFEBFFECC" box="[273,377,284,310]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="12.[264,367,1486,1510]" captionTargetBox="[507,1079,794,1459]" captionTargetId="figure-240@12.[405,1182,766,1485]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 12. Apices of male mid legs. a. Major minor (Parent). b. Eurynogaster clavaticauda Van Duzee." pageId="14" pageNumber="53">Fig. 12a</figureCitation>
). 
<emphasis id="B92F792F8A308866FE36FE8BFE09FECF" box="[401,463,284,309]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="53">Wing</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="1360B9B88A308866FE47FE8BFDFCFECC" box="[480,570,284,310]" captionStart="FIGURES 13–20" captionStartId="13.[264,382,1352,1376]" captionTargetBox="[289,1298,406,1328]" captionTargetId="figure-223@13.[289,1298,406,1328]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURES 13–20. Male wings. 13. Adachia williamsi (Hardy &amp; Kohn). 14. Arciellia flaviventer (Hardy &amp; Kohn). 15. Elmoia viridifacies (Parent). 16. Eurynogaster clavaticauda Van Duzee. 17. Major minor (Parent). 18. Sigmatineurum binodatum (Parent). 19. Sweziella virida (Van Duzee). 20. Uropachys palustricola (Hardy &amp; Kohn)." pageId="14" pageNumber="53">Fig. 17</figureCitation>
). With dense brown microtrichia giving wing a smoky brown appearance. CuAx ratio about 2. 
<emphasis id="B92F792F8A308866FD37FED3FD39FEA7" box="[656,767,324,349]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="53">Abdomen</emphasis>
. Shining metallic dorsally, pollinose on sternites. Segments I–V subequal in length; abdominal hairs generally short, longer on posterior margins of tergites, sternite IV bilobed to accommodate terminalia. 
<emphasis id="B92F792F8A308866FB87FE03FB70FE57" box="[1056,1206,404,429]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="53">Hypopygium</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="1360B9B88A308866FB62FE03FADBFE54" box="[1221,1309,404,430]" captionStart="FIGURES 25–28" captionStartId="16.[264,382,1333,1357]" captionTargetBox="[313,1287,557,1313]" captionTargetId="figure-211@16.[289,1297,549,1324]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURES 25–28. Hypopygia. 25. Major minor (Parent). 26. Sigmatineurum napali Evenhuis. 27. Sweziella pictilipenna (Tenorio). 28. Uropachys flavicrurus (Hardy &amp; Kohn). Abbreviations: ae = aedeagus; av = apicoventral epandrial lobe; bv = basiventral epandrial lobe; hy = hypandrium; lh = lateral process of hypandrium; pg = postgonite; su = surstylus." pageId="14" pageNumber="53">Fig. 25</figureCitation>
). Ovate­elliptical; extending forward to posterior margin of 4th segment; cerci fused basally, sclerotized along entire length, recurved on apical 1/4, tip slightly swollen with dark sclerotization; surstylus unilobed, robust, without strong setation; basiventral epandrial lobe long, thin, with apical setae; hypandrium broad basally, then tapering to recurved pointed apex.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE4A53D8A308866FE9FFD13FAE6FD64" blockId="14.[264,1323,284,1630]" box="[312,1312,644,670]" pageId="14" pageNumber="53">
<emphasis id="B92F792F8A308866FE9FFD13FE55FD64" bold="true" box="[312,403,644,670]" pageId="14" pageNumber="53">Female</emphasis>
. As in male except for genitalic features; legs normal, without modifications.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C341F6B68A308866FE9FFD3BFC51FA1C" pageId="14" pageNumber="53" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BE4A53D8A308866FE9FFD3BFC15FBAC" blockId="14.[264,1323,284,1630]" pageId="14" pageNumber="53">
<emphasis id="B92F792F8A308866FE9FFD3BFE7AFD3C" bold="true" box="[312,444,684,710]" pageId="14" pageNumber="53">Discussion</emphasis>
: Only one species, 
<taxonomicName id="4C5BDEBE8A308866FD0BFD3BFC76FD3C" authority="(Parent)" authorityName="Evenhuis" authorityYear="2005" baseAuthorityName="Evenhuis" baseAuthorityYear="2005" box="[684,944,684,710]" class="Insecta" family="Dolichopodidae" genus="Major" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="minor">
<emphasis id="B92F792F8A308866FD0BFD3BFC83FD3F" box="[684,837,684,709]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="53">Major minor</emphasis>
(Parent)
</taxonomicName>
, is known. 
<bibRefCitation id="EFCAD8CC8A308866FB9AFD3BFB26FD3C" author="Parent, O." box="[1085,1248,684,710]" pageId="14" pageNumber="53" pagination="209 - 219" refId="ref10661" refString="Parent, O. (1938) Quelques dipteres dolichopodides des Iles Hawaii. Konowia, 16, 209 - 219" type="journal article" year="1938">Parent (1938)</bibRefCitation>
originally described the species in 
<taxonomicName id="4C5BDEBE8A308866FDD6FD43FCD1FD17" authorityName="Parent" authorityYear="1938" box="[625,791,724,749]" class="Insecta" family="Dolichopodidae" genus="Paraliancalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92F792F8A308866FDD6FD43FCD1FD17" box="[625,791,724,749]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="53">Paraliancalus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with which it does have certain similarities; however, the cerci are differently modified and the claws are extremely large (relatively normal sized in 
<taxonomicName id="4C5BDEBE8A308866FE6FFCB3FDA8FCC7" authorityName="Parent" authorityYear="1938" box="[456,622,804,829]" class="Insecta" family="Dolichopodidae" genus="Paraliancalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92F792F8A308866FE6FFCB3FDA8FCC7" box="[456,622,804,829]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="53">Paraliancalus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). He later (
<bibRefCitation id="EFCAD8CC8A308866FD50FCB3FC4FFCC4" author="Parent, O." box="[759,905,804,830]" pageId="14" pageNumber="53" pagination="225 - 249" refId="ref10682" refString="Parent, O. (1940) Dolichopodides des Iles Hawaii recueillis par Monsieur F. X. Williams, principalement au cours de l'annee 1936. Proceedings of the Hawaiian Entomological Society, 10 [1939], 225 - 249." type="journal article" year="1940">Parent 1940</bibRefCitation>
) transferred the species to 
<taxonomicName id="4C5BDEBE8A308866FB6CFCB3FE97FC9F" class="Insecta" family="Dolichopodidae" genus="Eurynogaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92F792F8A308866FB6CFCB3FE97FC9F" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="53">Eurynogaster</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with the following caveat: “J’ai été amené à ranger dans le genre 
<taxonomicName id="4C5BDEBE8A308866FBC0FCDBFAC3FC9F" box="[1127,1285,844,869]" class="Insecta" family="Dolichopodidae" genus="Eurynogaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92F792F8A308866FBC0FCDBFAC3FC9F" box="[1127,1285,844,869]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="53">Eurynogaster</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, la forme que j’avais décrite sous le nom 
<taxonomicName id="4C5BDEBE8A308866FD6EFCE3FC7AFC77" authorityName="Parent" authorityYear="1938" box="[713,956,884,909]" class="Insecta" family="Dolichopodidae" genus="Paraliancalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="minor">
<emphasis id="B92F792F8A308866FD6EFCE3FC7AFC77" box="[713,956,884,909]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="53">Paraliancalus minor</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, bien que cette dernière espèce soit un peu aberrante dans ce genre.” Parent was correct in his assumption of it being an aberrant species in that genus; yet subsequent workers kept the species in 
<taxonomicName id="4C5BDEBE8A308866FB22FC53FAE5FC27" box="[1157,1315,964,989]" class="Insecta" family="Dolichopodidae" genus="Eurynogaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92F792F8A308866FB22FC53FAE5FC27" box="[1157,1315,964,989]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="53">Eurynogaster</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, possibly without having properly studied the male genitalia. Examination in this study confirms that the species does not fit the generic limits of 
<taxonomicName id="4C5BDEBE8A308866FC40FB83FB41FBD7" box="[999,1159,1044,1069]" class="Insecta" family="Dolichopodidae" genus="Eurynogaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92F792F8A308866FC40FB83FB41FBD7" box="[999,1159,1044,1069]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="53">Eurynogaster</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
or any other known genus and is here transferred to the new genus 
<taxonomicName id="4C5BDEBE8A308866FC23FBABFC0AFBAF" authorityName="Evenhuis" authorityYear="2005" box="[900,972,1084,1109]" class="Insecta" family="Dolichopodidae" genus="Major" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92F792F8A308866FC23FBABFC0AFBAF" box="[900,972,1084,1109]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="53">Major</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE4A53D8A308866FE9FFBF3FAD2FA44" blockId="14.[264,1323,284,1630]" pageId="14" pageNumber="53">
<bibRefCitation id="EFCAD8CC8A308866FE9FFBF3FE3FFB84" author="Williams, F. X." box="[312,505,1124,1150]" pageId="14" pageNumber="53" pagination="281 - 315" refId="ref10891" refString="Williams, F. X. (1940) Biological studies in Hawaiian water-loving insects. Part III. Diptera or flies. B. Asteiidae, Syrphidae and Dolichopodidae. Proceedings of the Hawaiian Entomological Society, 10, 281 - 315." type="journal article" year="1940">Williams (1940)</bibRefCitation>
conducted biological observations on the species and found it commonly at seeps near Mt. Ka‘ala in the Wai‘anae range on O‘ahu. Its large claws are similar to the size found in species of the Marquesan sympycnine genus 
<taxonomicName id="4C5BDEBE8A308866FBA4FB23FE08FB0C" authority="Evenhuis (Evenhuis 2004)" authorityName="Evenhuis (Evenhuis" authorityYear="2004" class="Insecta" family="Dolichopodidae" genus="Humongochela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92F792F8A308866FBA4FB23FB70FB37" box="[1027,1206,1204,1229]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="53">Humongochela</emphasis>
Evenhuis (
<bibRefCitation id="EFCAD8CC8A308866FEB7FB4BFE00FB0C" author="Evenhuis, N. L." box="[272,454,1244,1270]" pageId="14" pageNumber="53" pagination="35 - 43" refId="ref10402" refString="Evenhuis, N. L. (2004) Humongochela, a new genus of waterfall-loving flies from the Marquesas Islands (Diptera: Dolichopodidae). Bishop Museum Bulletin in Entomology, 12, 35 - 43." type="journal article" year="2004">Evenhuis 2004</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
, which are also found clinging to wet vertical seeps; and in 
<taxonomicName id="4C5BDEBE8A308866FB3AFB4BFEF1FAE7" class="Insecta" family="Dolichopodidae" genus="Sigmatineurum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92F792F8A308866FB3AFB4BFEF1FAE7" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="53">Sigmatineurum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, many species of which can also be found clinging to the wet vertical faces of boulders in the middle of fast moving streams. 
<bibRefCitation id="EFCAD8CC8A308866FCEEFABBFBD4FABC" author="Williams, F. X." box="[841,1042,1324,1350]" pageId="14" pageNumber="53" pagination="281 - 315" refId="ref10891" refString="Williams, F. X. (1940) Biological studies in Hawaiian water-loving insects. Part III. Diptera or flies. B. Asteiidae, Syrphidae and Dolichopodidae. Proceedings of the Hawaiian Entomological Society, 10, 281 - 315." type="journal article" year="1940">Williams (1940)</bibRefCitation>
related the following concerning his observations near Gunnera Springs near Mt. Ka‘ala: “[The genus] appears to favor the steep banks with patchy lights (water, etc., reflections)” ... Though brilliant, it is not conspicuous as it rests head upwards and high on its legs on a dripping wet bank.”
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE4A53D8A308866FE9FFA5BFC51FA1C" blockId="14.[264,1323,284,1630]" box="[312,919,1484,1510]" pageId="14" pageNumber="53">
<emphasis id="B92F792F8A308866FE9FFA5BFDC2FA1C" bold="true" box="[312,516,1484,1510]" pageId="14" pageNumber="53">Included species</emphasis>
: 
<taxonomicName id="4C5BDEBE8A308866FDB4FA5BFCD6FA1C" authority="(Parent)" authorityName="Evenhuis" authorityYear="2005" baseAuthorityName="Evenhuis" baseAuthorityYear="2005" box="[531,784,1484,1510]" class="Insecta" family="Dolichopodidae" genus="Major" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="minor">
<emphasis id="B92F792F8A308866FDB4FA5BFD6CFA1F" box="[531,682,1484,1509]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="53">Major minor</emphasis>
(Parent)
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B92F792F8A308866FCB7FA5BFCD8FA1C" bold="true" box="[784,798,1484,1510]" pageId="14" pageNumber="53">*</emphasis>
, 
<emphasis id="B92F792F8A308866FC8AFA5BFC56FA1C" bold="true" box="[813,912,1484,1510]" pageId="14" pageNumber="53">comb. n</emphasis>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C341F6B68A308866FE9FFA63FE5FF9A4" pageId="14" pageNumber="53" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8BE4A53D8A308866FE9FFA63FE5FF9A4" blockId="14.[264,1323,284,1630]" pageId="14" pageNumber="53">
<emphasis id="B92F792F8A308866FE9FFA63FE79F9F4" bold="true" box="[312,447,1524,1550]" pageId="14" pageNumber="53">Etymology</emphasis>
: The genus­group name derives from the Latin 
<emphasis id="B92F792F8A308866FC5AFA63FB85F9F7" box="[1021,1091,1524,1549]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="53">major</emphasis>
(= large); referring to the extremely large tarsal claws of species in this genus used for clinging to steep, wet, rocky seeps.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>