1825 lines
206 KiB
XML
1825 lines
206 KiB
XML
<document id="B329F0D28ED3B56592CF50792A7F8124" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.280678" ID-GBIF-Dataset="08fa5d4a-3f38-4b8e-99b8-99203f2551ca" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="280678" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460464901802" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Hutter, Carl R. & Guayasamin, Juan M." docDate="2012" docId="03EFEB76FFCDFFB20481FD20FAA0FD03" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03257p021.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3257" docStyle="DocumentStyle:890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E.4:Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleId="890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Nymphargus lasgralarias Hutter & Guayasamin, new species" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="16" masterDocId="FFD6930EFFC9FFBD0416FFFCFFCFFF87" masterDocTitle="A new cryptic species of glassfrog (Centrolenidae: Nymphargus) from Reserva Las Gralarias, Ecuador" masterLastPageNumber="21" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="5" updateTime="1698304770070" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:titleInfo id="FC3749FF5003B40CC938798A730F1EEF">
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<mods:title id="EB00CF355317EC5729085CC6FB2DA904">A new cryptic species of glassfrog (Centrolenidae: Nymphargus) from Reserva Las Gralarias, Ecuador</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name id="18EAB2D223906F556104026EB68D4E3B" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="D0441FBD598F49F46D49ACFD50C0A84D">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="85CA6CE103E2702D2C90F13D380C48D2">Hutter, Carl R.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="0EE2EBFB5153D3A1024B79D5F830E488" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="1AF3DED644288AFA83D07539FB037219">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="3F96AEE365695FD0E44048928D8D4D19">Guayasamin, Juan M.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="EA7D46AA6C7F34DE6701B1ECAB8E194F">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="80D4A03361F7DD7E5F3D243DBE124B56">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="393D949B274F3C8FDA65062E355558E0">
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<mods:date id="1E184F85B98FA0606521619746F31515">2012</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="80C912C8C735149892FB2DE4990CEA49" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="718517BEA655BAAEDB400E630C238BFB">3257</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="F66ECB760A1408B2AA289ABF3BC8AE3D">1</mods:start>
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<mods:end id="A5BA309F76272B4995A820A414FBB3E5">21</mods:end>
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<mods:classification id="259676B856B2BBBB1C956B4F13F4A631">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="873DE876B9EA1E3B57065FA9CD22BBDA" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.280678</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="156EC8E8242E8CD94979F697992453B0" type="GBIF-Dataset">08fa5d4a-3f38-4b8e-99b8-99203f2551ca</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="301696F02378550CF951E8358F653861" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="FE39F7E9808F547E4B122BDC31F62496" type="Zenodo-Dep">280678</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03EFEB76FFCDFFB20481FD20FAA0FD03" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5628874" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119513858" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5628874" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03EFEB76FFCDFFB20481FD20FAA0FD03" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EFEB76FFCDFFB20481FD20FAA0FD03" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="16" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
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<subSubSection id="C35C09EBFFCDFFB90481FD20FDBBFC91" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="nomenclature">
|
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<paragraph id="8BF95A60FFCDFFB90481FD20FC46FD72" blockId="4.[151,905,731,791]" box="[151,905,731,758]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
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<heading id="D0B1ED0CFFCDFFB90481FD20FC46FD72" bold="true" box="[151,905,731,758]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" reason="1">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9328672FFCDFFB90481FD20FC46FD72" bold="true" box="[151,905,731,758]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4621E3FFCDFFB90481FD20FD22FD72" ID-CoL="486JN" authority="Hutter & Guayasamin" authorityName="Hutter & Guayasamin" box="[151,749,731,758]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Nymphargus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lasgralarias" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9328672FFCDFFB90481FD20FE06FD71" bold="true" box="[151,457,732,758]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Nymphargus lasgralarias</emphasis>
|
||
Hutter & Guayasamin
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2013B09FFCDFFB906EFFD27FC46FD72" box="[761,905,731,757]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" rank="species">new species</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF95A60FFCDFFB90481FD02FDBBFC91" blockId="4.[151,905,731,791]" box="[151,628,766,791]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
<figureCitation id="137D46E5FFCDFFB90481FD02FECFFC91" box="[151,256,766,790]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1924,1947]" captionTargetBox="[190,1399,440,1874]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[171,1415,409,1913]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 4. Nymphargus lasgralarias sp. nov. (A, B, C) and Nymphargus griffithsi (D, E, F) in life. Photographs A and D were taken in-situ; Photographs B, C, E, and F taken ex – situ upon a white poster board background. Specimens represented: A = uncollected; B = MZUTI 094; C = MZUTI 094; D = MZUTI 102; E = MZUTI 099; F = MZUTI 0 99." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/280682/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Figures 4</figureCitation>
|
||
A–4C; 5B; 6A–6D; 7A–7D; 13D
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C35C09EBFFCDFFB90481FCBCFECCFB10" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF95A60FFCDFFB90481FCBCFAE7FCFC" blockId="4.[151,1437,831,2027]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9328672FFCDFFB90481FCBCFEC4FCDF" bold="true" box="[151,267,832,856]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
<typeStatus id="54FDE4C2FFCDFFB90481FCBCFEC9FCDF" box="[151,262,832,856]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED57C2A5FFCDFFB9050EFCBCFEBEFCD0" box="[280,369,832,855]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">MZUTI</collectionCode>
|
||
0 96, adult male collected by Carl R. Hutter on 0
|
||
<date id="FFF87CA0FFCDFFB907C5FCC3FBA1FCD0" box="[979,1134,831,855]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" value="2011-04-05">5 April 2011</date>
|
||
from “Five Frog Creek” (
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE723CA7FFCDFFB90489FC9FFEEAFCFC" box="[159,293,867,891]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" precision="1" value="-0.031166667">0º01.870’ S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE723CA7FFCDFFB90524FC9FFE1FFCFC" box="[306,464,867,891]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" precision="1" value="-78.70596">78º42.358’ W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
;
|
||
<quantity id="4CBEF785FFCDFFB905CAFC9FFDFDFCFC" box="[476,562,867,891]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.15" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" unit="m" value="2150.0">2150 m</quantity>
|
||
) at Reserva Las Gralarias, Pichincha province,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3511AF0FFCDFFB90051FC9FFB69FCFC" box="[1095,1190,867,891]" name="Ecuador" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
<figureCitation id="137D46E5FFCDFFB900A6FC9FFADFFCFC" box="[1200,1296,867,891]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="6.[151,250,844,867]" captionTargetBox="[162,1425,193,823]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[162,1425,193,823]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 5. Holotypes of Nymphargus griffithsi (A; BMNH 1940.2.20.4) and Nymphargus lasgralarias sp. nov. (B; MZUTI 096). Note dark dorsal spots on N. griffithsi. Photograph A by Martín Bustamante; photograph B by CRH." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/280683/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Figure 5</figureCitation>
|
||
B.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF95A60FFCDFFB904D1FC7BFC06FB8E" blockId="4.[151,1437,831,2027]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9328672FFCDFFB904D1FC7BFE89FC18" bold="true" box="[199,326,903,927]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
<typeStatus id="54FDE4C2FFCDFFB904D1FC7BFE8EFC18" box="[199,321,903,927]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED57C2A5FFCDFFB90559FC74FE67FC18" box="[335,424,904,927]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">MZUTI</collectionCode>
|
||
091–095, and 0 97, adult males obtained from Reserva Las Gralarias by Carl R. Hutter.
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED57C2A5FFCDFFB90481FC57FF3FFC45" box="[151,240,939,962]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">MZUTI</collectionCode>
|
||
093–095 were collected on 0
|
||
<date id="FFF87CA0FFCDFFB90652FC56FD16FC45" box="[580,729,938,962]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" value="2011-04-05">5 April 2011</date>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED57C2A5FFCDFFB906F1FC57FC8FFC45" box="[743,832,939,962]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">MZUTI</collectionCode>
|
||
0 92 on
|
||
<date id="FFF87CA0FFCDFFB907B6FC56FB8CFC45" box="[928,1091,938,962]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" value="2011-04-17">17 April 2011</date>
|
||
; and
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED57C2A5FFCDFFB90094FC57FB14FC45" box="[1154,1243,939,962]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">MZUTI</collectionCode>
|
||
0 91 on
|
||
<date id="FFF87CA0FFCDFFB9012AFC56FF01FC61" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" value="2011-04-18">18 April 2011</date>
|
||
from “Kathy’s Creek” (
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE723CA7FFCDFFB905CFFC32FD90FC61" box="[473,607,974,998]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" precision="1" value="-0.0233">0º01.398’ S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE723CA7FFCDFFB9067DFC32FCC5FC61" box="[619,778,974,998]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" precision="1" value="-78.72953">78º43.772’ W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
;
|
||
<quantity id="4CBEF785FFCDFFB90703FC32FCA2FC61" box="[789,877,974,998]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" unit="m" value="2000.0">2000 m</quantity>
|
||
).
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED57C2A5FFCDFFB90796FC33FC16FC61" box="[896,985,975,998]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">MZUTI</collectionCode>
|
||
0 97 was collected on 0
|
||
<date id="FFF87CA0FFCDFFB900F7FC32FA90FC61" box="[1249,1375,974,998]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" value="2011-07-01">1 July 2011</date>
|
||
from “Hercules Giant Tree Frog Creek” (
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE723CA7FFCDFFB90630FC0DFD62FB8E" box="[550,685,1009,1033]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" precision="1" value="-0.025483334">0º01.529’ S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE723CA7FFCDFFB906AFFC0DFC97FB8E" box="[697,856,1009,1033]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" precision="1" value="-78.70405">78º42.243’ W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
;
|
||
<quantity id="4CBEF785FFCDFFB90775FC0DFC73FB8E" box="[867,956,1009,1033]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.175" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" unit="m" value="2175.0">2175 m</quantity>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF95A60FFCDFFB904D1FBE8FECCFB10" blockId="4.[151,1437,831,2027]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9328672FFCDFFB904D1FBE8FE61FBAA" bold="true" box="[199,430,1044,1069]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Generic placement.</emphasis>
|
||
All species in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4621E3FFCDFFB90644FBE9FD2FFBAA" box="[594,736,1045,1069]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Nymphargus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9328672FFCDFFB90644FBE9FD2FFBAA" box="[594,736,1045,1069]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Nymphargus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
share an absence of webbing among Fingers I–III and absence or reduced webbing between Fingers III and IV. Additionally, males lack humeral spines (except
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4621E3FFCDFFB900C8FBC5FA43FBD7" box="[1246,1420,1080,1104]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Nymphargus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="grandisonae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9328672FFCDFFB900C8FBC5FA43FBD7" box="[1246,1420,1080,1104]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">N. grandisonae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). The new species presents the aforementioned traits and, therefore, is placed in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4621E3FFCDFFB90019FBA0FB52FBF3" box="[1039,1181,1116,1140]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Nymphargus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9328672FFCDFFB90019FBA0FB52FBF3" box="[1039,1181,1116,1140]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Nymphargus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B9328672FFCDFFB900B8FBA1FB23FBF3" box="[1198,1260,1117,1140]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">sensu</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD72791FFCDFFB900E2FBA7FF37FB10" author="Guayasamin" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" refString="Guayasamin, J. M., Castroviejo-Fisher, S., Trueb, L., Ayarzaguena, J., Rada, M. & Vila, C. (2009) Phylogenetic systematics of Glassfrogs (Amphibia: Centrolenidae) and their sister taxon Allophryne ruthveni. Zootaxa, 2100, 1 - 97." type="journal article" year="2009">
|
||
Guayasamin
|
||
<emphasis id="B9328672FFCDFFB9019EFBA1FF7BFB10" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2009
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C35C09EBFFCDFFBB04D1FB5EFD9CF9AD" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="7" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF95A60FFCDFFB904D1FB5EFD78F824" blockId="4.[151,1437,831,2027]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9328672FFCDFFB904D1FB5EFE8EFB3C" bold="true" box="[199,321,1186,1211]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
|
||
The new species can be distinguished from most species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4621E3FFCDFFB90014FB5FFB5FFB3C" box="[1026,1168,1187,1211]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Nymphargus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9328672FFCDFFB90014FB5FFB5FFB3C" box="[1026,1168,1187,1211]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Nymphargus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by having a uniformly green dorsum (see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD72791FFCDFFB90578FB3AFDB3FB59" author="Guayasamin" box="[366,636,1222,1246]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" refString="Guayasamin, J. M., Castroviejo-Fisher, S., Trueb, L., Ayarzaguena, J., Rada, M. & Vila, C. (2009) Phylogenetic systematics of Glassfrogs (Amphibia: Centrolenidae) and their sister taxon Allophryne ruthveni. Zootaxa, 2100, 1 - 97." type="journal article" year="2009">
|
||
Guayasamin
|
||
<emphasis id="B9328672FFCDFFB90614FB3BFDFBFB59" box="[514,564,1222,1246]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2009
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Within
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4621E3FFCDFFB906F1FB3AFCBAFB59" box="[743,885,1222,1246]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Nymphargus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9328672FFCDFFB906F1FB3AFCBAFB59" box="[743,885,1222,1246]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Nymphargus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the only species with a green dorsum that lacks spots are:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4621E3FFCDFFB9051EFB16FD20FA86" authority="Ruiz-Carranza & Lynch 1995" authorityName="Ruiz-Carranza & Lynch" authorityYear="1995" box="[264,751,1257,1281]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Nymphargus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cristinae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9328672FFCDFFB9051EFB16FE45FA86" box="[264,394,1258,1281]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">N. cristinae</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD72791FFCDFFB9058EFB15FD29FA86" author="Ruiz-Carranza" box="[408,742,1257,1281]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" refString="Ruiz-Carranza, P. M. & Lynch, J. D. (1995) Ranas Centrolenidae de Colombia VI. Cuatro nuevas especies de Cochranella de la Cordillera Occidental. Lozania, 63, 1 - 15." type="journal article" year="1995">Ruiz-Carranza & Lynch 1995</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4621E3FFCDFFB906EBFB16FB8BFA86" authority="Duellman 1981" authorityName="Duellman" authorityYear="1981" box="[765,1092,1257,1281]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Nymphargus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="prasinus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9328672FFCDFFB906EBFB16FCB2FA86" box="[765,893,1258,1281]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">N. prasinus</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD72791FFCDFFB9079AFB15FBF3FA86" author="Duellman" box="[908,1084,1257,1281]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" refString="Duellman, W. E. (1981) Three new species of centrolenid frogs from the Pacific versant of Ecuador and Colombia. Occasional Papers of the Museum of Natural History, University of Kansas, 88, 1 - 9." type="journal article" year="1981">Duellman 1981</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4621E3FFCDFFB90094FB16FF32FAA2" authority="Guayasamin et al. 2006" authorityName="Guayasamin et al." authorityYear="2006" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Nymphargus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="wileyi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9328672FFCDFFB90094FB16FB2AFA86" box="[1154,1253,1257,1281]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">N. wileyi</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD72791FFCDFFB900E5FB15FF39FAA2" author="Guayasamin" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" refString="Guayasamin, J. M., Bustamante, M. R., Almeida-Reinoso, D. & Funk, C. W. (2006) Glass frogs (Centrolenidae) of Yanayacu Biological Station, Ecuador, with the description of a new species and comments on centrolenid systematics. Zoological Journal of the Linnaean Society of London, 147, 489 - 513." type="journal article" year="2006">
|
||
Guayasamin
|
||
<emphasis id="B9328672FFCDFFB9019EFB16FF7BFAA2" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2006
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4621E3FFCDFFB9051AFAF1FDE3FAA2" box="[268,556,1293,1317]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Nymphargus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lasgralarias" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9328672FFCDFFB9051AFAF1FDE3FAA2" box="[268,556,1293,1317]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Nymphargus lasgralarias</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B9328672FFCDFFB90622FAF1FD41FAA2" bold="true" box="[564,654,1293,1317]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2013B09FFCDFFB90622FAF1FD41FAA2" box="[564,654,1293,1317]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
is distinguished from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4621E3FFCDFFB90798FAF2FBDDFAA2" box="[910,1042,1294,1317]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Nymphargus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cristinae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9328672FFCDFFB90798FAF2FBDDFAA2" box="[910,1042,1294,1317]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">N. cristinae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by being smaller (male SVL in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4621E3FFCDFFB90194FAF2FEEFFACF" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Nymphargus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lasgralarias">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9328672FFCDFFB90194FAF2FEEFFACF" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">N. lasgralarias</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
=
|
||
<quantity id="4CBEF785FFCDFFB90556FACCFE2BFACF" box="[320,484,1328,1352]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.555" metricValueMax="2.65" metricValueMin="2.46" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" unit="mm" value="25.55" valueMax="26.5" valueMin="24.6">24.6–26.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
[mean =
|
||
<quantity id="4CBEF785FFCDFFB90644FACCFD75FACF" box="[594,698,1328,1352]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.53" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" unit="mm" value="25.3">25.3 mm</quantity>
|
||
;
|
||
<emphasis id="B9328672FFCDFFB906D0FACDFD1BFACF" box="[710,724,1329,1352]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 7]; male SVL in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4621E3FFCDFFB907A3FACDFBF6FACF" box="[949,1081,1329,1352]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Nymphargus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cristinae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9328672FFCDFFB907A3FACDFBF6FACF" box="[949,1081,1329,1352]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">N. cristinae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
= 26.0–
|
||
<quantity id="4CBEF785FFCDFFB9008CFACCFB32FACF" box="[1178,1277,1328,1352]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.11" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" unit="mm" value="31.1">31.1 mm</quantity>
|
||
[mean = 28.0 mm;
|
||
<emphasis id="B9328672FFCDFFB904C7FAA9FF10FAEB" box="[209,223,1365,1388]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 12]), having a snout that is truncate in dorsal view and protruding in lateral view (subacuminate in dorsal view, truncate in lateral view in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4621E3FFCDFFB90618FA85FD5BFA08" box="[526,660,1400,1424]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Nymphargus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cristinae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9328672FFCDFFB90618FA85FD5BFA08" box="[526,660,1400,1424]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">N. cristinae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD72791FFCDFFB906C5FA8BFBE4FA08" author="Ruiz-Carranza" box="[723,1067,1399,1423]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" refString="Ruiz-Carranza, P. M. & Lynch, J. D. (1995) Ranas Centrolenidae de Colombia VI. Cuatro nuevas especies de Cochranella de la Cordillera Occidental. Lozania, 63, 1 - 15." type="journal article" year="1995">Ruiz-Carranza & Lynch 1995</bibRefCitation>
|
||
:
|
||
<figureCitation id="137D46E5FFCDFFB9002EFA8BFBB1FA08" box="[1080,1150,1399,1423]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1924,1947]" captionTargetBox="[190,1399,440,1874]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[171,1415,409,1913]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 4. Nymphargus lasgralarias sp. nov. (A, B, C) and Nymphargus griffithsi (D, E, F) in life. Photographs A and D were taken in-situ; Photographs B, C, E, and F taken ex – situ upon a white poster board background. Specimens represented: A = uncollected; B = MZUTI 094; C = MZUTI 094; D = MZUTI 102; E = MZUTI 099; F = MZUTI 0 99." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/280682/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
), lacking vomerine teeth (present or absent in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4621E3FFCDFFB90594FA60FDCAFA34" box="[386,517,1436,1459]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Nymphargus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cristinae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9328672FFCDFFB90594FA60FDCAFA34" box="[386,517,1436,1459]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">N. cristinae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), and lacking palmar supernumerary tubercles (supernumerary small, abundant in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4621E3FFCDFFB90481FA43FED4FA51" box="[151,283,1471,1494]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Nymphargus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cristinae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9328672FFCDFFB90481FA43FED4FA51" box="[151,283,1471,1494]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">N. cristinae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4621E3FFCDFFB90522FA42FDE4FA51" box="[308,555,1470,1494]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Nymphargus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="prasinus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9328672FFCDFFB90522FA42FDE4FA51" box="[308,555,1470,1494]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Nymphargus prasinus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
differs from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4621E3FFCDFFB906D2FA43FCBFFA51" box="[708,880,1470,1494]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Nymphargus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lasgralarias" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9328672FFCDFFB906D2FA43FCBFFA51" box="[708,880,1470,1494]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">N. lasgralarias</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B9328672FFCDFFB9076EFA42FC1CFA51" bold="true" box="[888,979,1470,1494]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2013B09FFCDFFB9076EFA42FC1CFA51" box="[888,979,1470,1494]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
by having a round snout in dorsal view (truncate
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4621E3FFCDFFB90514FA1FFE63FA7D" box="[258,428,1506,1530]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Nymphargus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lasgralarias" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9328672FFCDFFB90514FA1FFE63FA7D" box="[258,428,1506,1530]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">N. lasgralarias</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B9328672FFCDFFB905A5FA1EFDC2FA7D" bold="true" box="[435,525,1506,1530]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2013B09FFCDFFB905A5FA1EFDC2FA7D" box="[435,525,1506,1530]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
), 5–7 teeth on each process of the vomer (vomerine teeth absent in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4621E3FFCDFFB9011CFA1FFF77F99A" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Nymphargus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lasgralarias" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9328672FFCDFFB9011CFA1FFF77F99A" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">N. lasgralarias</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B9328672FFCDFFB904D6F9F9FED3F99A" bold="true" box="[192,284,1541,1565]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2013B09FFCDFFB904D6F9F9FED3F99A" box="[192,284,1541,1565]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
), and being considerably larger (male SVL 33.0–
|
||
<quantity id="4CBEF785FFCDFFB90743F9F9FC72F99A" box="[853,957,1541,1565]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.45" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" unit="mm" value="34.5">34.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
;
|
||
<emphasis id="B9328672FFCDFFB907DCF9FAFC17F99A" box="[970,984,1542,1565]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 3; see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD72791FFCDFFB90053F9F9FB36F99A" author="Duellman" box="[1093,1273,1541,1565]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" refString="Duellman, W. E. (1981) Three new species of centrolenid frogs from the Pacific versant of Ecuador and Colombia. Occasional Papers of the Museum of Natural History, University of Kansas, 88, 1 - 9." type="journal article" year="1981">Duellman 1981</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4621E3FFCDFFB90118F9F9FF15F9C6" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Nymphargus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="wileyi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9328672FFCDFFB90118F9F9FF15F9C6" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Nymphargus wileyi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(an endemic of the Amazonian slopes of the Ecuadorian Andes) is distinguished from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4621E3FFCDFFB900D3F9D6FABEF9C6" box="[1221,1393,1577,1601]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Nymphargus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lasgralarias" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9328672FFCDFFB900D3F9D6FABEF9C6" box="[1221,1393,1577,1601]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">N. lasgralarias</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B9328672FFCDFFB9016CF9D5FF07F9E2" bold="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2013B09FFCDFFB9016CF9D5FF07F9E2" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
by having its kidneys covered by a white peritoneum with small, unpigmented spots (see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD72791FFCDFFB900D8F9B0FF1CF90F" author="Guayasamin" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" refString="Guayasamin, J. M., Bustamante, M. R., Almeida-Reinoso, D. & Funk, C. W. (2006) Glass frogs (Centrolenidae) of Yanayacu Biological Station, Ecuador, with the description of a new species and comments on centrolenid systematics. Zoological Journal of the Linnaean Society of London, 147, 489 - 513." type="journal article" year="2006">
|
||
Guayasamin
|
||
<emphasis id="B9328672FFCDFFB90174F9B1FA53F9E3" box="[1378,1436,1612,1636]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2006
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
:
|
||
<figureCitation id="137D46E5FFCDFFB904C8F98CFEFEF90F" box="[222,305,1648,1672]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1947,1970]" captionTargetBox="[165,1407,1362,1908]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[151,1436,1338,1926]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 12. Advertisement call variation of Nymphargus lasgralarias sp. nov. (A) One – call series. (B) two – call series. (C) three – call series. (D) four – call series. (E) Advertisement call of Nymphargus griffithsi, which never occur in a series, for comparison. Individuals represented: A = MZUTI 091; B = MZUTI 096; C = MZUTI 095; D = MZUTI 095; E = MZUTI 101." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/280690/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Fig. 12</figureCitation>
|
||
), whereas in the new species, the kidneys are covered by a homogenously white layer. Additionally, among
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4621E3FFCDFFB904FAF96FFEB5F92C" box="[236,378,1683,1707]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Nymphargus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9328672FFCDFFB904FAF96FFEB5F92C" box="[236,378,1683,1707]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Nymphargus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species found on the Pacific versant of the Andes of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3511AF0FFCDFFB907F3F96FFB8BF92C" box="[997,1092,1683,1707]" name="Ecuador" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4621E3FFCDFFB90047F96FFABEF92C" box="[1105,1393,1683,1707]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Nymphargus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lasgralarias" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9328672FFCDFFB90047F96FFABEF92C" box="[1105,1393,1683,1707]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Nymphargus lasgralarias</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2013B09FFCDFFB9016CF96FFF08F949" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9328672FFCDFFB9016CF96FFF0EF948" bold="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">sp. nov</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
could only be confused with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4621E3FFCDFFB9063CF944FB16F949" authority="Cisneros-Heredia & Yanez-Munoz 2007" authorityName="Cisneros-Heredia & Yanez-Munoz" authorityYear="2007" box="[554,1241,1718,1743]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Nymphargus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="buenaventura">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9328672FFCDFFB9063CF944FD27F949" box="[554,744,1718,1743]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">N. buenaventura</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD72791FFCDFFB906EDF94AFB1EF949" author="Cisneros-Heredia" box="[763,1233,1718,1742]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" refString="Cisneros-Heredia, D. F. & Yanez-Munoz, M. H. (2007) A new species of glassfrog (Centrolenidae) from the Southern Andean foothills on the west Ecuadorian region. South American Journal of Herpetology, 2, 1 - 10." type="journal article" year="2007">Cisneros-Heredia & Yánez-Muñoz 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4621E3FFCDFFB90101F944FEE9F975" authority="Goin 1961" authorityName="Goin" authorityYear="1961" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Nymphargus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="griffithsi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9328672FFCDFFB90101F944FA53F949" box="[1303,1436,1718,1743]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">N. griffithsi</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD72791FFCDFFB90488F926FED2F975" author="Goin" box="[158,285,1754,1778]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" refString="Goin, C. J. (1961) Three new centrolenid frogs from Ecuador. Zoologischer Anzeiger, 166, 95 - 104." type="journal article" year="1961">Goin 1961</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Dorsal texture and color pattern readily separates
|
||
<emphasis id="B9328672FFCDFFB9077DF927FBE1F975" box="[875,1070,1754,1778]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4621E3FFCDFFB9077DF927FBE5F975" box="[875,1066,1754,1778]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Nymphargus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="buenaventura">N. buenaventura</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
which, in life, has a light green dorsum with warts corresponding to pale yellow spots — whereas the dorsum of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4621E3FFCDFFB9002CF903FB2AF891" box="[1082,1253,1790,1814]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Nymphargus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lasgralarias" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9328672FFCDFFB9002CF903FB2AF891" box="[1082,1253,1790,1814]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">N. lasgralarias</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B9328672FFCDFFB900F8F902FA86F891" bold="true" box="[1262,1353,1790,1814]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2013B09FFCDFFB900F8F902FA86F891" box="[1262,1353,1790,1814]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
is shagreen (lacking warts) and homogenously green (lacking yellow spots). Additionally,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4621E3FFCDFFB90074F8DEFAD0F8BE" box="[1122,1311,1825,1849]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Nymphargus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="buenaventura">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9328672FFCDFFB90074F8DEFAD0F8BE" box="[1122,1311,1825,1849]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">N. buenaventura</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is smaller, although sample size is low (male SVL in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4621E3FFCDFFB90666F8BAFCD5F8DA" box="[624,794,1861,1885]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Nymphargus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lasgralarias" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9328672FFCDFFB90666F8BAFCD5F8DA" box="[624,794,1861,1885]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">N. lasgralarias</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B9328672FFCDFFB90736F8B9FCB5F8DA" bold="true" box="[800,890,1861,1885]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2013B09FFCDFFB90736F8B9FCB5F8DA" box="[800,890,1861,1885]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
=
|
||
<quantity id="4CBEF785FFCDFFB90780F8B8FBF6F8DB" box="[918,1081,1860,1884]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.555" metricValueMax="2.65" metricValueMin="2.46" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" unit="mm" value="25.55" valueMax="26.5" valueMin="24.6">24.6–26.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
[mean =
|
||
<quantity id="4CBEF785FFCDFFB900B5F8B8FAC6F8DB" box="[1187,1289,1860,1884]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.53" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" unit="mm" value="25.3">25.3 mm</quantity>
|
||
;
|
||
<emphasis id="B9328672FFCDFFB90102F8BAFAEDF8DA" box="[1300,1314,1862,1885]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 7]; male SVL in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4621E3FFCDFFB904E5F895FE7FF807" box="[243,432,1896,1920]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Nymphargus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="buenaventura">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9328672FFCDFFB904E5F895FE7FF807" box="[243,432,1896,1920]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">N. buenaventura</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
=
|
||
<quantity id="4CBEF785FFCDFFB905C4F89BFDB8F807" box="[466,631,1895,1920]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.165" metricValueMax="2.2399999999999998" metricValueMin="2.09" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" unit="mm" value="21.65" valueMax="22.4" valueMin="20.9">20.9–22.4 mm</quantity>
|
||
[mean = 21.8;
|
||
<emphasis id="B9328672FFCDFFB9073FF895FCF8F807" box="[809,823,1897,1920]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 4]).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4621E3FFCDFFB9079FF894FB66F807" box="[905,1193,1896,1920]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Nymphargus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lasgralarias" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9328672FFCDFFB9079FF894FB66F807" box="[905,1193,1896,1920]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Nymphargus lasgralarias</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B9328672FFCDFFB900A4F894FAC2F807" bold="true" box="[1202,1293,1896,1920]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2013B09FFCDFFB900A4F894FAC2F807" box="[1202,1293,1896,1920]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4621E3FFCDFFB90151F895FEC7F824" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Nymphargus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="buenaventura">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9328672FFCDFFB90151F895FEC7F824" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">N. buenaventura</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are not known to occur sympatrically.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF95A60FFCDFFB904D1F853FA53F86C" blockId="4.[151,1437,831,2027]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4621E3FFCDFFB904D1F853FE2AF840" box="[199,485,1967,1991]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Nymphargus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lasgralarias" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9328672FFCDFFB904D1F853FE2AF840" box="[199,485,1967,1991]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Nymphargus lasgralarias</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B9328672FFCDFFB905FAF853FD8AF840" bold="true" box="[492,581,1967,1991]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2013B09FFCDFFB905FAF853FD8AF840" box="[492,581,1967,1991]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
is most similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4621E3FFCDFFB90702F84CFC5BF840" box="[788,916,1967,1991]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Nymphargus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="griffithsi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9328672FFCDFFB90702F84CFC5BF840" box="[788,916,1967,1991]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">N. griffithsi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. However, the two species have differences in terms of dorsal color pattern (homogenously green with minute dark melanophores in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4621E3FFCDFFB90091F82FFAFAF86D" box="[1159,1333,2002,2026]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Nymphargus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lasgralarias" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9328672FFCDFFB90091F82FFAFAF86D" box="[1159,1333,2002,2026]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">N. lasgralarias</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B9328672FFCDFFB90129F82FFA53F86C" bold="true" box="[1343,1436,2003,2027]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2013B09FFCDFFB90129F82FFA53F86C" box="[1343,1436,2003,2027]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF95A60FFCCFFB80481FF6BFE1EFE03" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,388]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
[
|
||
<figureCitation id="137D46E5FFCCFFB80488FF6BFF20FF28" box="[158,239,151,175]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1924,1947]" captionTargetBox="[190,1399,440,1874]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[171,1415,409,1913]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 4. Nymphargus lasgralarias sp. nov. (A, B, C) and Nymphargus griffithsi (D, E, F) in life. Photographs A and D were taken in-situ; Photographs B, C, E, and F taken ex – situ upon a white poster board background. Specimens represented: A = uncollected; B = MZUTI 094; C = MZUTI 094; D = MZUTI 102; E = MZUTI 099; F = MZUTI 0 99." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/280682/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Figs. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
B, 6A–6B]); green with small black spots and/or both minute and small dark melanophores in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4621E3FFCCFFB8010CFF65FA53FF37" box="[1306,1436,152,176]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Nymphargus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="griffithsi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9328672FFCCFFB8010CFF65FA53FF37" box="[1306,1436,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">N. griffithsi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
[
|
||
<figureCitation id="137D46E5FFCCFFB80488FF47FF22FF54" box="[158,237,187,211]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1924,1947]" captionTargetBox="[190,1399,440,1874]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[171,1415,409,1913]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 4. Nymphargus lasgralarias sp. nov. (A, B, C) and Nymphargus griffithsi (D, E, F) in life. Photographs A and D were taken in-situ; Photographs B, C, E, and F taken ex – situ upon a white poster board background. Specimens represented: A = uncollected; B = MZUTI 094; C = MZUTI 094; D = MZUTI 102; E = MZUTI 099; F = MZUTI 0 99." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/280682/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Figs. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
E, 6E–6F]), body size (male SVL in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4621E3FFCCFFB80693FF40FCE0FF54" box="[645,815,187,211]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Nymphargus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lasgralarias" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9328672FFCCFFB80693FF40FCE0FF54" box="[645,815,187,211]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">N. lasgralarias</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B9328672FFCCFFB80723FF40FC40FF53" bold="true" box="[821,911,188,212]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2013B09FFCCFFB80723FF40FC40FF53" box="[821,911,188,212]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
=
|
||
<quantity id="4CBEF785FFCCFFB807BAFF47FB81FF54" box="[940,1102,187,211]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.555" metricValueMax="2.65" metricValueMin="2.46" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" unit="mm" value="25.55" valueMax="26.5" valueMin="24.6">24.6–26.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
[mean =
|
||
<quantity id="4CBEF785FFCCFFB800AEFF47FAD0FF54" box="[1208,1311,187,211]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.53" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" unit="mm" value="25.3">25.3 mm</quantity>
|
||
; SD =
|
||
<quantity id="4CBEF785FFCCFFB8017DFF47FF09FF70" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.3" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" unit="mm" value="0.73">0.73 mm</quantity>
|
||
;
|
||
<emphasis id="B9328672FFCCFFB804C6FF1CFF11FF70" box="[208,222,224,247]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 7]; male SVL in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4621E3FFCCFFB805A2FF1CFDFBFF70" box="[436,564,223,247]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Nymphargus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="griffithsi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9328672FFCCFFB805A2FF1CFDFBFF70" box="[436,564,223,247]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">N. griffithsi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
=
|
||
<quantity id="4CBEF785FFCCFFB80644FF23FD3BFF70" box="[594,756,223,247]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.335" metricValueMax="2.42" metricValueMin="2.25" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" unit="mm" value="23.35" valueMax="24.2" valueMin="22.5">22.5–24.2 mm</quantity>
|
||
[mean = 23.0 mm; SD =
|
||
<quantity id="4CBEF785FFCCFFB80018FF23FBBBFF70" box="[1038,1140,223,247]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" unit="mm" value="0.7">0.70 mm</quantity>
|
||
;
|
||
<emphasis id="B9328672FFCCFFB80069FF1CFB42FF70" box="[1151,1165,224,247]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 5]; T-test:
|
||
<emphasis id="B9328672FFCCFFB80134FF1CFAFFFF70" box="[1314,1328,224,247]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">p</emphasis>
|
||
<0.001), and call (see
|
||
<emphasis id="B9328672FFCCFFB80524FEFEFDC9FE9D" box="[306,518,258,282]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Advertisement call</emphasis>
|
||
section). Additionally, in life,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4621E3FFCCFFB8077AFEFFFC3FFE9D" box="[876,1008,258,282]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Nymphargus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="griffithsi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9328672FFCCFFB8077AFEFFFC3FFE9D" box="[876,1008,258,282]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">N. griffithsi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has an iris background coloration of white-silver with larger and less abundant spotting with some medium-dark reticulation (
|
||
<figureCitation id="137D46E5FFCCFFB80095FEDAFB0AFEB9" box="[1155,1221,294,318]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1681,1704]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,1133,1668]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[151,1436,1133,1668]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 7. Iris comparison between Nymphargus lasgralarias sp. nov. (A – D) and Nymphargus griffithsi (E – H). Photos were taken in daylight using flash on a white background, with the exception of A and E, which were taken at night in-situ, using flash. Nymphargus lasgralarias sp. nov. exhibits a golden – brown background coloration with smaller, and more numerous spotting and weaker reticulation. Notice the silver – grey background coloration, large dark spotting, and stronger reticulation of N. griffithsi. Specimens represented: A = MZUTI 093; B = MZUTI 091; C = MZUTI 097; D = MZUTI 092; E = Uncollected; F = MZUTI 102; G = MZUTI 099; H = MZUTI 100." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/280685/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
|
||
E–7H), whereas
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4621E3FFCCFFB80194FEDBFEEFFEE6" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Nymphargus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lasgralarias" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9328672FFCCFFB80194FEDBFEEFFEE6" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">N. lasgralarias</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B9328672FFCCFFB8053DFEB5FE45FEE6" bold="true" box="[299,394,329,353]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2013B09FFCCFFB8053DFEB5FE45FEE6" box="[299,394,329,353]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
has a yellow-golden iris background color with lighter reticulation and more numerous, smaller spots (
|
||
<figureCitation id="137D46E5FFCCFFB8052FFE90FEB4FE03" box="[313,379,364,388]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1681,1704]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,1133,1668]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[151,1436,1133,1668]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 7. Iris comparison between Nymphargus lasgralarias sp. nov. (A – D) and Nymphargus griffithsi (E – H). Photos were taken in daylight using flash on a white background, with the exception of A and E, which were taken at night in-situ, using flash. Nymphargus lasgralarias sp. nov. exhibits a golden – brown background coloration with smaller, and more numerous spotting and weaker reticulation. Notice the silver – grey background coloration, large dark spotting, and stronger reticulation of N. griffithsi. Specimens represented: A = MZUTI 093; B = MZUTI 091; C = MZUTI 097; D = MZUTI 092; E = Uncollected; F = MZUTI 102; G = MZUTI 099; H = MZUTI 100." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/280685/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
|
||
A–7D).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF390AE8FFCCFFB80481F878FB7AF85F" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/280682/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" targetBox="[190,1399,440,1874]" targetPageId="5">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF95A60FFCCFFB80481F878FB7AF85F" blockId="5.[151,1436,1924,2008]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9328672FFCCFFB80481F878FEDBF81D" bold="true" box="[151,276,1924,1947]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">FIGURE 4.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4621E3FFCCFFB8050BF879FDEEF81C" box="[285,545,1925,1947]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Nymphargus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lasgralarias" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9328672FFCCFFB8050BF879FDEEF81C" box="[285,545,1925,1947]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Nymphargus lasgralarias</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B9328672FFCCFFB8063CF879FDB3F81D" bold="true" box="[554,636,1925,1946]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2013B09FFCCFFB8063CF879FDB3F81D" box="[554,636,1925,1946]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B9328672FFCCFFB8069BF879FD2FF81C" bold="true" box="[653,736,1924,1947]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">A, B, C</emphasis>
|
||
) and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4621E3FFCCFFB8070BF879FC32F81C" box="[797,1021,1925,1947]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Nymphargus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="griffithsi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9328672FFCCFFB8070BF879FC32F81C" box="[797,1021,1925,1947]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Nymphargus griffithsi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B9328672FFCCFFB80018F879FB92F81D" bold="true" box="[1038,1117,1925,1946]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">D, E, F</emphasis>
|
||
) in life. Photographs
|
||
<emphasis id="B9328672FFCCFFB80154F879FA9BF81D" bold="true" box="[1346,1364,1925,1946]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">A</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis id="B9328672FFCCFFB8019CF879FA53F81D" bold="true" box="[1418,1436,1925,1946]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">D</emphasis>
|
||
were taken
|
||
<emphasis id="B9328672FFCCFFB8051DF858FE83F83E" box="[267,332,1956,1977]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">in-situ</emphasis>
|
||
; Photographs
|
||
<emphasis id="B9328672FFCCFFB805C8F858FDFEF83E" bold="true" box="[478,561,1955,1978]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">B, C, E,</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis id="B9328672FFCCFFB80674F858FDBEF83E" bold="true" box="[610,625,1956,1977]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">F</emphasis>
|
||
taken
|
||
<emphasis id="B9328672FFCCFFB806A3F858FD32F83E" box="[693,765,1956,1977]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">ex–situ</emphasis>
|
||
upon a white poster board background. Specimens represented:
|
||
<emphasis id="B9328672FFCCFFB8019CF85FFA53F83F" bold="true" box="[1418,1436,1955,1976]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">A</emphasis>
|
||
= uncollected;
|
||
<emphasis id="B9328672FFCCFFB8053BF83EFEF1F850" bold="true" box="[301,318,1986,2007]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">B</emphasis>
|
||
= MZUTI 094;
|
||
<emphasis id="B9328672FFCCFFB805F5F83DFE3AF85F" bold="true" box="[483,501,1985,2008]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">C</emphasis>
|
||
= MZUTI 094;
|
||
<emphasis id="B9328672FFCCFFB8068CF83EFD63F850" bold="true" box="[666,684,1986,2007]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">D</emphasis>
|
||
= MZUTI 102;
|
||
<emphasis id="B9328672FFCCFFB80747F83EFCADF850" bold="true" box="[849,866,1986,2007]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">E</emphasis>
|
||
= MZUTI 099;
|
||
<emphasis id="B9328672FFCCFFB80011F83EFBD9F850" bold="true" box="[1031,1046,1986,2007]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">F</emphasis>
|
||
= MZUTI 0 99.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF390AE8FFCFFFBB0481FCB0FB04FC06" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/280683/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" targetBox="[162,1425,193,823]" targetPageId="6">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF95A60FFCFFFBB0481FCB0FB04FC06" blockId="6.[151,1436,844,897]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9328672FFCFFFBB0481FCB0FEDBFCE5" bold="true" box="[151,276,844,867]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">FIGURE 5.</emphasis>
|
||
Holotypes of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4621E3FFCFFFBB05B1FCB1FD49FCE4" box="[423,646,845,867]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Nymphargus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="griffithsi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9328672FFCFFFBB05B1FCB1FD49FCE4" box="[423,646,845,867]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Nymphargus griffithsi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B9328672FFCFFFBB0683FCB1FD68FCE5" bold="true" box="[661,679,845,866]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">A</emphasis>
|
||
; BMNH 1940.2.20.4) and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4621E3FFCFFFBB07A9FCB1FB0BFCE4" box="[959,1220,845,867]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Nymphargus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lasgralarias" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9328672FFCFFFBB07A9FCB1FB0BFCE4" box="[959,1220,845,867]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Nymphargus lasgralarias</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B9328672FFCFFFBB00DCFCB1FAD3FCE5" bold="true" box="[1226,1308,845,866]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2013B09FFCFFFBB00DCFCB1FAD3FCE5" box="[1226,1308,845,866]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B9328672FFCFFFBB013AFCB1FAF2FCE5" bold="true" box="[1324,1341,845,866]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">B</emphasis>
|
||
; MZUTI 096). Note dark dorsal spots on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4621E3FFCFFFBB05CDFC90FD80FC06" box="[475,591,875,897]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Nymphargus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="griffithsi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9328672FFCFFFBB05CDFC90FD80FC06" box="[475,591,875,897]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">N. griffithsi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Photograph
|
||
<emphasis id="B9328672FFCFFFBB06C1FC97FD26FC07" bold="true" box="[727,745,875,896]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">A</emphasis>
|
||
by Martín Bustamante; photograph
|
||
<emphasis id="B9328672FFCFFFBB004FFC90FBA5FC06" bold="true" box="[1113,1130,876,897]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">B</emphasis>
|
||
by CRH.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF95A60FFCFFFBB04D1FC54FD9CF9AD" blockId="6.[151,1437,936,2011]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9328672FFCFFFBB04D1FC54FE55FC46" bold="true" box="[199,410,936,961]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Characterization.</emphasis>
|
||
(1) Vomerine teeth absent; (2) snout truncate in dorsal profile, protruding in lateral profile; (3) tympanum small; supratympanic fold present; tympanic membrane translucent, pigmented only on its upper half; (4) skin texture finely shagreen, with microspiculations; (5) ventral skin areolate, with pair of large, round warts on ventral surfaces of thighs below vent; cloaca surrounded by low warts, non-enameled; (6) upper half of ventral parietal peritoneum covered by iridophores (= white), all other peritonea translucent, except for thin layer of iridophores covering heart and renal capsules; (7) liver tetralobed; (8) humeral spines absent; (9) webbing absent between fingers; (10) foot about half webbed; webbing formula: I (2–2–) — (2+–2 1/2) II (2–2–) — (3– –3) III (2– –2) — (3– –3) IV (3–3+) —
|
||
<date id="FFF87CA0FFCFFFBB0563FB56FE6FFB45" box="[373,416,1194,1218]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">2 V</date>
|
||
; (11) ulnar and tarsal folds low, barely evident, non-enameled; (12) nuptial pad
|
||
<typeStatus id="54FDE4C2FFCFFFBB010FFB57FA9EFB44" box="[1305,1361,1195,1219]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Type</typeStatus>
|
||
I; prepollex not separated from Finger I; (13) first finger slightly shorter than second; (14) eye diameter larger that width of disc on Finger III; (15) in life, green dorsum, with minute dark melanophores; (16) in preservative, dorsum pale lavender; (17) iris golden-yellow, with numerous small black spots; weakly reticulated; (18) hands and feet yellowish green; melanophores absent from fingers and toes or, when present, restricted to dorsal surfaces of Finger IV and Toes IV and V; (19) males call from the upper side of leaves along streams; (20) calls emitted in series of 1–4 calls; each call sounding like a “tick” or “click”; pulsed; duration of 0.0160–
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE723CA7FFCFFFBB07FDFA7EFBF7FA1D" box="[1003,1080,1410,1434]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" precision="5" value="-0.044">0.0440</geoCoordinate>
|
||
s (mean = 0.0257 ± 0.0058;
|
||
<emphasis id="B9328672FFCFFFBB0161FA78FA4AFA1C" box="[1399,1413,1412,1435]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 119); call non-modulated to weakly modulated; dominant frequency at 3445.3–3962.2 Hz (mean = 3691.4 ± 131.9 Hz); (21) fighting behavior unknown; (22) egg clutches deposited on upper surface of leaves at terminal margin, transitioning to hanging as eggs develop; (23) tadpoles unknown; (24) SVL in adult males
|
||
<quantity id="4CBEF785FFCFFFBB0082FA12FAF7F981" box="[1172,1336,1518,1542]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.555" metricValueMax="2.65" metricValueMin="2.46" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" unit="mm" value="25.55" valueMax="26.5" valueMin="24.6">24.6–26.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
(mean = 25.3 ± 0.737;
|
||
<emphasis id="B9328672FFCFFFBB0525F9E8FE8EF9AC" box="[307,321,1556,1579]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 7); females unknown.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C35C09EBFFCFFFB404D1F9CAFE5AF96F" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="10" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF95A60FFCFFFBA04D1F9CAFCA3FEE0" blockId="6.[151,1437,936,2011]" lastBlockId="7.[151,1437,151,360]" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="8" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9328672FFCFFFBB04D1F9CAFE25F9C8" bold="true" box="[199,490,1590,1615]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
Description of
|
||
<typeStatus id="54FDE4C2FFCFFFBB056AF9CBFE2AF9C8" box="[380,485,1591,1615]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
MZUTI 0 96, adult male, SVL
|
||
<quantity id="4CBEF785FFCFFFBB074EF9CAFC0DF9C9" box="[856,962,1590,1614]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.55" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" unit="mm" value="25.5">25.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
. Head wider than long; head length 32% SVL; snout truncate in dorsal profile, protruding in lateral view; canthus rostralis indistinct, straight; loreal region slightly concave; lips slightly flared; nostrils protuberant, closer to tip of snout than to eye, directed dorsolaterally; internarial area barely depressed. Eye large, directed anterolaterally at an angle of 45°; transverse diameter of disc of Finger III 57.6% eye diameter. Supratympanic fold conspicuous, obscuring dorsal portion of tympanic annulus; tympanum small (3% of SVL), oriented mostly vertically, but with slight posterolateral inclination; tympanic membrane transparent, partially pigmented and differentiated from surrounding skin. Dentigerous processes of vomer low, situated transversely between choanae, lacking teeth; choanae large, longitudinally rectangular; tongue ovoid, with ventral posterior third not attached to mouth floor and posterior margin notched; vocal slits extending posterolaterally from the lateral edge of tongue to angle of jaws. Humeral spine absent; ulnar fold low, barely evident, nonenameled; relative lengths of fingers: III> IV> II> I; webbing between fingers absent; discs expanded, nearly round; disc pads triangular; subarticular tubercles small, round, simple; few palmar supernumerary tubercles evident, low; palmar tubercle elliptical, simple; nuptial pad
|
||
<typeStatus id="54FDE4C2FFCEFFBA073EFF64FCAFFF37" box="[808,864,152,176]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Type</typeStatus>
|
||
I (
|
||
<emphasis id="B9328672FFCEFFBA0790FF65FC0BFF37" box="[902,964,153,176]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">sensu</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD72791FFCEFFBA07D8FF6BFB96FF28" author="Flores" box="[974,1113,151,175]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" refString="Flores, G. (1985) A New Centrolenella (Anura) from Ecuador, with comments on nuptial pads and prepollical spines in Centrolenella. Journal of Herpetology, 19, 313 - 320." type="journal article" year="1985">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3511AF0FFCEFFBA07D8FF6BFBDBFF28" box="[974,1044,151,175]" name="Indonesia" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Flores</collectingCountry>
|
||
1985
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), ovoid, granular, extending from ventrolateral base to dorsal surface of Finger I, covering the proximal half of Finger I. Length of tibia 56% SVL; low inner tarsal fold barely evident; outer tarsal fold absent; feet about half webbed; webbing formula of foot:
|
||
<date id="FFF87CA0FFCEFFBA04C5FEFBFF3CFE98" box="[211,243,263,287]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9328672FFCEFFBA04C5FEFBFF11FE98" bold="true" box="[211,222,263,287]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">I</emphasis>
|
||
2
|
||
</date>
|
||
– — 2 1/
|
||
<date id="FFF87CA0FFCEFFBA052AFEF8FE91FE98" box="[316,350,260,287]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
2
|
||
<emphasis id="B9328672FFCEFFBA055EFEFBFE91FE98" bold="true" box="[328,350,263,287]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">II</emphasis>
|
||
</date>
|
||
2– —
|
||
<date id="FFF87CA0FFCEFFBA05B5FEFBFE16FE98" box="[419,473,263,287]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
3
|
||
<emphasis id="B9328672FFCEFFBA05AEFEFBFE16FE98" bold="true" box="[440,473,263,287]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">III</emphasis>
|
||
</date>
|
||
2– ––
|
||
<date id="FFF87CA0FFCEFFBA060BFEFBFD98FE98" box="[541,599,260,287]" bridgedPair="-" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
3–
|
||
<emphasis id="B9328672FFCEFFBA062EFEFBFD98FE98" bold="true" box="[568,599,263,287]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">IV</emphasis>
|
||
</date>
|
||
3—
|
||
<date id="FFF87CA0FFCEFFBA0686FEFBFD78FE98" box="[656,695,263,287]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
2
|
||
<emphasis id="B9328672FFCEFFBA06B3FEFBFD78FE98" bold="true" box="[677,695,263,287]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">V</emphasis>
|
||
</date>
|
||
; discs on toes round; disc on Toe IV narrower that disc on Finger III; disc pads triangular; inner metatarsal tubercle large, ovoid; outer metatarsal tubercle round, barely evident; subarticular tubercles small, round; supernumerary tubercles absent.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF390AE8FFCEFFBA0481FC61FB35FBBE" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/280684/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" targetBox="[151,1436,414,901]" targetPageId="7">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF95A60FFCEFFBA0481FC61FB35FBBE" blockId="7.[151,1437,925,1081]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9328672FFCEFFBA0481FC61FEDDFC34" bold="true" box="[151,274,925,948]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">FIGURE 6.</emphasis>
|
||
Dorsal pattern comparison between
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4621E3FFCEFFBA0692FC62FC49FC33" box="[644,902,926,948]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Nymphargus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lasgralarias" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9328672FFCEFFBA0692FC62FC49FC33" box="[644,902,926,948]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Nymphargus lasgralarias</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B9328672FFCEFFBA079AFC62FC13FC34" bold="true" box="[908,988,926,947]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2013B09FFCEFFBA079AFC62FC13FC34" box="[908,988,926,947]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B9328672FFCEFFBA07FDFC62FBD3FC34" bold="true" box="[1003,1052,926,947]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">A–D</emphasis>
|
||
) and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4621E3FFCEFFBA0043FC63FB06FC33" box="[1109,1225,926,948]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Nymphargus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="griffithsi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9328672FFCEFFBA0043FC63FB06FC33" box="[1109,1225,926,948]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">N. griffithsi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B9328672FFCEFFBA00C1FC62FAC6FC34" bold="true" box="[1239,1289,926,947]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">E–H</emphasis>
|
||
). Photographs
|
||
<emphasis id="B9328672FFCEFFBA0481FC43FF3FFC53" bold="true" box="[151,240,959,980]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">A, B, E,</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis id="B9328672FFCEFFBA0531FC43FEF9FC53" bold="true" box="[295,310,959,980]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">F</emphasis>
|
||
taken of live specimens while photographs
|
||
<emphasis id="B9328672FFCEFFBA071EFC42FCACFC52" bold="true" box="[776,867,958,981]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">C, D, G,</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis id="B9328672FFCEFFBA078CFC43FC61FC53" bold="true" box="[922,942,959,980]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">H</emphasis>
|
||
were taken of specimens preserved in alcohol. Observe the acute differentiation between
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4621E3FFCEFFBA065EFC1DFD2DFC71" box="[584,738,992,1014]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Nymphargus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lasgralarias" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9328672FFCEFFBA065EFC1DFD2DFC71" box="[584,738,992,1014]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">N. lasgralarias</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B9328672FFCEFFBA06FFFC1DFCF5FC71" bold="true" box="[745,826,993,1014]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2013B09FFCEFFBA06FFFC1DFCF5FC71" box="[745,826,993,1014]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis id="B9328672FFCEFFBA0778FC1DFB48FC71" box="[878,1159,992,1014]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4621E3FFCEFFBA0778FC1DFC2CFC71" box="[878,995,992,1014]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Nymphargus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="griffithsi">N. griffithsi</taxonomicName>
|
||
—
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4621E3FFCEFFBA0004FC1DFB48FC71" box="[1042,1159,992,1014]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Nymphargus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="griffithsi">N. griffithsi</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
has minute and small dark dorsal melanophores both in life and in preservation while
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4621E3FFCEFFBA06E6FBFFFC45FB9F" box="[752,906,1026,1048]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Nymphargus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lasgralarias" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9328672FFCEFFBA06E6FBFFFC45FB9F" box="[752,906,1026,1048]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">N. lasgralarias</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B9328672FFCEFFBA0787FBFEFC2DFB90" bold="true" box="[913,994,1026,1047]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2013B09FFCEFFBA0787FBFEFC2DFB90" box="[913,994,1026,1047]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
has only minute melanophores. Specimens represented:
|
||
<emphasis id="B9328672FFCEFFBA050FFBDFFEE4FBBF" bold="true" box="[281,299,1059,1080]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">A</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis id="B9328672FFCEFFBA054AFBDEFEA1FBBE" bold="true" box="[348,366,1058,1081]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">C</emphasis>
|
||
= MZUTI 093;
|
||
<emphasis id="B9328672FFCEFFBA0605FBDFFDEBFBBF" bold="true" box="[531,548,1059,1080]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">B</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis id="B9328672FFCEFFBA0643FBDFFDA8FBBF" bold="true" box="[597,615,1059,1080]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">D</emphasis>
|
||
= MZUTI 094;
|
||
<emphasis id="B9328672FFCEFFBA071AFBDFFCD2FBBF" bold="true" box="[780,797,1059,1080]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">E</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis id="B9328672FFCEFFBA0758FBDEFCADFBBE" bold="true" box="[846,866,1058,1081]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">G</emphasis>
|
||
= MZUTI 099;
|
||
<emphasis id="B9328672FFCEFFBA0011FBDFFBD9FBBF" bold="true" box="[1031,1046,1059,1080]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">F</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis id="B9328672FFCEFFBA0051FBDFFB94FBBF" bold="true" box="[1095,1115,1059,1080]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">H</emphasis>
|
||
= MZUTI 102.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF390AE8FFCEFFBA0481F96DFD79F8C6" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/280685/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" targetBox="[151,1436,1133,1668]" targetPageId="7">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF95A60FFCEFFBA0481F96DFD79F8C6" blockId="7.[151,1436,1681,1858]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9328672FFCEFFBA0481F96DFEDCF920" bold="true" box="[151,275,1681,1704]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">FIGURE 7.</emphasis>
|
||
Iris comparison between
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4621E3FFCEFFBA060EF96EFCD4F92F" box="[536,795,1682,1704]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Nymphargus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lasgralarias" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9328672FFCEFFBA060EF96EFCD4F92F" box="[536,795,1682,1704]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Nymphargus lasgralarias</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B9328672FFCEFFBA0737F96EFCBDF920" bold="true" box="[801,882,1682,1703]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2013B09FFCEFFBA0737F96EFCBDF920" box="[801,882,1682,1703]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B9328672FFCEFFBA0797F96EFC7DF920" bold="true" box="[897,946,1682,1703]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">A–D</emphasis>
|
||
) and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4621E3FFCEFFBA07FAF96EFB04F92F" box="[1004,1227,1682,1704]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Nymphargus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="griffithsi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9328672FFCEFFBA07FAF96EFB04F92F" box="[1004,1227,1682,1704]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Nymphargus griffithsi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B9328672FFCEFFBA00C7F96DFAC5F92F" bold="true" box="[1233,1290,1681,1704]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">(E–H</emphasis>
|
||
). Photos were taken in daylight using flash on a white background, with the exception of
|
||
<emphasis id="B9328672FFCEFFBA0788F94DFC7FF941" bold="true" box="[926,944,1713,1734]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">A</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis id="B9328672FFCEFFBA07F2F94DFC3AF941" bold="true" box="[996,1013,1713,1734]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">E</emphasis>
|
||
, which were taken at night
|
||
<emphasis id="B9328672FFCEFFBA0100F94EFA99F940" box="[1302,1366,1714,1735]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">in-situ</emphasis>
|
||
, using flash.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4621E3FFCEFFBA04CEF933FE12F962" box="[216,477,1743,1765]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Nymphargus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lasgralarias" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9328672FFCEFFBA04CEF933FE12F962" box="[216,477,1743,1765]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Nymphargus lasgralarias</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B9328672FFCEFFBA05F0F92CFDF5F962" bold="true" box="[486,570,1744,1765]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2013B09FFCEFFBA05F0F92CFDF5F962" box="[486,570,1744,1765]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
exhibits a golden–brown background coloration with smaller, and more numerous spotting and weaker reticulation. Notice the silver–grey background coloration, large dark spotting, and stronger reticulation of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4621E3FFCEFFBA0481F8F2FEC4F8A4" box="[151,267,1805,1827]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Nymphargus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="griffithsi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9328672FFCEFFBA0481F8F2FEC4F8A4" box="[151,267,1805,1827]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">N. griffithsi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Specimens represented:
|
||
<emphasis id="B9328672FFCEFFBA0619F8F1FDEEF8A5" bold="true" box="[527,545,1805,1826]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">A</emphasis>
|
||
= MZUTI 093;
|
||
<emphasis id="B9328672FFCEFFBA06D1F8F1FD17F8A5" bold="true" box="[711,728,1805,1826]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">B</emphasis>
|
||
= MZUTI 091;
|
||
<emphasis id="B9328672FFCEFFBA0768F8F0FC5FF8A4" bold="true" box="[894,912,1804,1827]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">C</emphasis>
|
||
= MZUTI 097;
|
||
<emphasis id="B9328672FFCEFFBA0020F8F1FB87F8A5" bold="true" box="[1078,1096,1805,1826]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">D</emphasis>
|
||
= MZUTI 092;
|
||
<emphasis id="B9328672FFCEFFBA00F8F8F1FB30F8A5" bold="true" box="[1262,1279,1805,1826]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">E</emphasis>
|
||
= Uncollected;
|
||
<emphasis id="B9328672FFCEFFBA0481F8D0FF69F8C6" bold="true" box="[151,166,1836,1857]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">F</emphasis>
|
||
= MZUTI 102;
|
||
<emphasis id="B9328672FFCEFFBA055DF8D7FE90F8C5" bold="true" box="[331,351,1835,1858]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">G</emphasis>
|
||
= MZUTI 099;
|
||
<emphasis id="B9328672FFCEFFBA0615F8D0FDD8F8C6" bold="true" box="[515,535,1836,1857]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">H</emphasis>
|
||
= MZUTI 100.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF95A60FFCEFFBA04D1F892FDBDF875" blockId="7.[151,1436,1902,2034]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Skin on dorsal surfaces of head, body, and lateral surface of head and flanks shagreen with numerous minute spinules; throat smooth; belly and lower flanks areolate; cloacal opening directed posteriorly at upper level of thighs; cloacal warts small, fleshy, located immediately posterior to cloacal slit, non-enameled. Pair of large subcloacal tubercles evident in ventral aspect.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF95A60FFC1FFB504D1FF64FA8AFF28" blockId="8.[199,1349,151,176]" box="[199,1349,151,176]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9328672FFC1FFB504D1FF64FDC6FF37" bold="true" box="[199,521,151,176]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
Measurements of
|
||
<typeStatus id="54FDE4C2FFC1FFB5058DFF64FDCBFF37" box="[411,516,152,176]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Morphometrics of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54FDE4C2FFC1FFB5071DFF6BFCA2FF28" box="[779,877,151,175]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
and
|
||
<typeStatus id="54FDE4C2FFC1FFB507B5FF64FBC1FF37" box="[931,1038,152,176]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
are summarized in
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6C46FDBFFC1FFB500FAFF6BFAF0FF28" box="[1260,1343,151,175]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="8.[151,235,224,245]" captionTargetBox="[151,1393,315,987]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="TABLE 1. Morphometrics (in mm) of the holotype (MZUTI 096) and paratypes of Nymphargus lasgralarias sp nov." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF390AE8FFC1FFB50481FF1CFAF6FF72" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" tableUuid="DF390AE8FFC1FFB50481FF1CFAF6FF72">Table 1</tableCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF390AE8FFC1FFB50481FF1CFAF6FF72" ID-Table-UUID="DF390AE8FFC1FFB50481FF1CFAF6FF72" box="[151,1337,224,246]" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF390AE8FFC1FFB50481FF1CFAF6FF72" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" targetBox="[151,1393,315,987]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="8">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF95A60FFC1FFB50481FF1CFAF6FF72" blockId="8.[151,1337,224,295]" box="[151,1337,224,246]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9328672FFC1FFB50481FF1CFECBFF72" bold="true" box="[151,260,224,245]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">TABLE 1.</emphasis>
|
||
Morphometrics (in mm) of the holotype (MZUTI 096) and paratypes of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4621E3FFC1FFB507F0FF1CFB26FF71" box="[998,1257,224,246]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Nymphargus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lasgralarias">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9328672FFC1FFB507F0FF1CFB26FF71" box="[998,1257,224,246]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Nymphargus lasgralarias</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp nov.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF95A60FFC1FFB505FEFEEDFC8EFEA0" blockId="8.[151,1337,224,295]" box="[488,833,273,295]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4621E3FFC1FFB505FEFEEDFD25FEA0" box="[488,746,273,295]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Nymphargus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lasgralarias" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9328672FFC1FFB505FEFEEDFD25FEA0" box="[488,746,273,295]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Nymphargus lasgralarias</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B9328672FFC1FFB506E7FEEEFC8EFEA0" bold="true" box="[753,833,274,295]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2013B09FFC1FFB506E7FEEEFC8EFEA0" box="[753,833,274,295]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF95A60FFC1FFB505FEFEC7FAF3FC5D" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<table id="F946A8C0FFC100420481FEC7FABEFC5C" box="[151,1393,315,987]" gridcols="8" gridrows="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<tr id="35765822FFC100420481FEC7FABEFEE9" box="[151,1393,315,366]" gridrow="0" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" rowspan-0="1">
|
||
<th id="76A7315EFFC1004205FEFEC7FDF1FEE9" box="[488,574,315,366]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9328672FFC1FFB505FEFEC7FDC1FEE9" bold="true" box="[488,574,315,366]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">MZUTI 0 96</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="76A7315EFFC100420665FEC7FD06FEE9" box="[627,713,315,366]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9328672FFC1FFB50665FEC7FD56FEE9" bold="true" box="[627,713,315,366]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">MZUTI 0 94</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="76A7315EFFC1004206EDFEC7FC9FFEE9" box="[763,848,315,366]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9328672FFC1FFB506EDFEC7FCEEFEE9" bold="true" box="[763,848,315,366]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">MZUTI 0 95</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="76A7315EFFC100420795FEC7FC15FEE9" box="[899,986,315,366]" gridcol="4" gridrow="0" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9328672FFC1FFB50792FEC7FC65FEE9" bold="true" box="[900,986,315,366]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">MZUTI 0 93</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="76A7315EFFC10042001DFEC7FBAEFEE9" box="[1035,1121,315,366]" gridcol="5" gridrow="0" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9328672FFC1FFB5001AFEC7FBFDFEE9" bold="true" box="[1036,1121,315,366]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">MZUTI 0 92</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="76A7315EFFC100420082FEC7FB25FEE9" box="[1172,1258,315,366]" gridcol="6" gridrow="0" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9328672FFC1FFB50082FEC7FB75FEE9" bold="true" box="[1172,1258,315,366]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">MZUTI 0 91</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="76A7315EFFC10042010AFEC7FABEFEE9" box="[1308,1393,315,366]" gridcol="7" gridrow="0" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9328672FFC1FFB5010AFEC7FA8DFEE9" bold="true" box="[1308,1393,315,366]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">MZUTI 0 97</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="35765822FFC100420481FE7EFABEFE46" box="[151,1393,386,449]" gridrow="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<th id="76A7315EFFC100420481FE7EFE5EFE46" box="[151,401,386,449]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">SVL Tibia length</th>
|
||
<td id="76A7315EFFC1004205FEFE7EFDF1FE46" box="[488,574,386,449]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">25.5 14.4</td>
|
||
<td id="76A7315EFFC100420665FE7EFD06FE46" box="[627,713,386,449]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">26.1 14.8</td>
|
||
<td id="76A7315EFFC1004206EDFE7EFC9FFE46" box="[763,848,386,449]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">24.9 14.8</td>
|
||
<td id="76A7315EFFC100420795FE7EFC15FE46" box="[899,986,386,449]" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">24.6 14.4</td>
|
||
<td id="76A7315EFFC10042001DFE7EFBAEFE46" box="[1035,1121,386,449]" gridcol="5" gridrow="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">26.5 15.4</td>
|
||
<td id="76A7315EFFC100420082FE7EFB25FE46" box="[1172,1258,386,449]" gridcol="6" gridrow="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">25.2 15.0</td>
|
||
<td id="76A7315EFFC10042010AFE7EFABEFE46" box="[1308,1393,386,449]" gridcol="7" gridrow="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">24.6 15.0</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="35765822FFC100420481FE29FABEFD93" box="[151,1393,469,532]" gridrow="2" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<th id="76A7315EFFC100420481FE29FE5EFD93" box="[151,401,469,532]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Foot length Head length</th>
|
||
<td id="76A7315EFFC1004205FEFE29FDF1FD93" box="[488,574,469,532]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">12.0 8.2</td>
|
||
<td id="76A7315EFFC100420665FE29FD06FD93" box="[627,713,469,532]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">12.6 8.5</td>
|
||
<td id="76A7315EFFC1004206EDFE29FC9FFD93" box="[763,848,469,532]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">12.2 8.0</td>
|
||
<td id="76A7315EFFC100420795FE29FC15FD93" box="[899,986,469,532]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">12.6 7.9</td>
|
||
<td id="76A7315EFFC10042001DFE29FBAEFD93" box="[1035,1121,469,532]" gridcol="5" gridrow="2" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">12.7 8.7</td>
|
||
<td id="76A7315EFFC100420082FE29FB25FD93" box="[1172,1258,469,532]" gridcol="6" gridrow="2" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">12.6 8.2</td>
|
||
<td id="76A7315EFFC10042010AFE29FABEFD93" box="[1308,1393,469,532]" gridcol="7" gridrow="2" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">12.5 7.8</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="35765822FFC100420481FDD4FABEFD3E" box="[151,1393,552,697]" gridrow="3" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<th id="76A7315EFFC100420481FDD4FE5EFD3E" box="[151,401,552,697]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Head width IOD Upper eyelid width Internarial distance</th>
|
||
<td id="76A7315EFFC1004205FEFDD4FDF1FD3E" box="[488,574,552,697]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">8.7 2.4 2.4 2.1</td>
|
||
<td id="76A7315EFFC100420665FDD4FD06FD3E" box="[627,713,552,697]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">8.8 2.6 2.4 2.3</td>
|
||
<td id="76A7315EFFC1004206EDFDD4FC9FFD3E" box="[763,848,552,697]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">8.7 2.5 2.2 2.2</td>
|
||
<td id="76A7315EFFC100420795FDD4FC15FD3E" box="[899,986,552,697]" gridcol="4" gridrow="3" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">8.6 2.4 2.1 2.0</td>
|
||
<td id="76A7315EFFC10042001DFDD4FBAEFD3E" box="[1035,1121,552,697]" gridcol="5" gridrow="3" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">9.0 2.8 2.4 2.3</td>
|
||
<td id="76A7315EFFC100420082FDD4FB25FD3E" box="[1172,1258,552,697]" gridcol="6" gridrow="3" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">8.4 2.7 1.9 2.2</td>
|
||
<td id="76A7315EFFC10042010AFDD4FABEFD3E" box="[1308,1393,552,697]" gridcol="7" gridrow="3" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">8.6 2.3 2.4 2.3</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="35765822FFC100420481FD31FABEFC8B" box="[151,1393,717,780]" gridrow="4" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<th id="76A7315EFFC100420481FD31FE5EFC8B" box="[151,401,717,780]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Eye diameter Tympanum diameter</th>
|
||
<td id="76A7315EFFC1004205FEFD31FDF1FC8B" box="[488,574,717,780]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">3.3 0.8</td>
|
||
<td id="76A7315EFFC100420665FD31FD06FC8B" box="[627,713,717,780]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">3.5 0.9</td>
|
||
<td id="76A7315EFFC1004206EDFD31FC9FFC8B" box="[763,848,717,780]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">3.2 0.9</td>
|
||
<td id="76A7315EFFC100420795FD31FC15FC8B" box="[899,986,717,780]" gridcol="4" gridrow="4" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">3.2 0.7</td>
|
||
<td id="76A7315EFFC10042001DFD31FBAEFC8B" box="[1035,1121,717,780]" gridcol="5" gridrow="4" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">3.7 0.9</td>
|
||
<td id="76A7315EFFC100420082FD31FB25FC8B" box="[1172,1258,717,780]" gridcol="6" gridrow="4" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">3.1 0.8</td>
|
||
<td id="76A7315EFFC10042010AFD31FABEFC8B" box="[1308,1393,717,780]" gridcol="7" gridrow="4" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">3.1 0.7</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="35765822FFC100420481FCDCFABEFC5C" box="[151,1393,800,987]" gridrow="5" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<th id="76A7315EFFC100420481FCDCFE5EFC5C" box="[151,401,800,987]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Radioulna Hand length Finger I length Finger II length Disc of Finger III width</th>
|
||
<td id="76A7315EFFC1004205FEFCDCFDF1FC5C" box="[488,574,800,987]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">5.9. 7.8 5.1 5.5 1.9</td>
|
||
<td id="76A7315EFFC100420665FCDCFD06FC5C" box="[627,713,800,987]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">6.1 9.0 5.5 6.1 1.8</td>
|
||
<td id="76A7315EFFC1004206EDFCDCFC9FFC5C" box="[763,848,800,987]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">5.7 8.2 5.1 5.5 1.8</td>
|
||
<td id="76A7315EFFC100420795FCDCFC15FC5C" box="[899,986,800,987]" gridcol="4" gridrow="5" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">5.8 8.2 5.1 5.4 2.0</td>
|
||
<td id="76A7315EFFC10042001DFCDCFBAEFC5C" box="[1035,1121,800,987]" gridcol="5" gridrow="5" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">6.2 9.3 5.4 6.0 2.0</td>
|
||
<td id="76A7315EFFC100420082FCDCFB25FC5C" box="[1172,1258,800,987]" gridcol="6" gridrow="5" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">5.8 9.0 4.9 5.3 1.9</td>
|
||
<td id="76A7315EFFC10042010AFCDCFABEFC5C" box="[1308,1393,800,987]" gridcol="7" gridrow="5" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">6.1 9.0 5.7 6.0 1.8</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF95A60FFC1FFB504D1FBE3FD60FBF8" blockId="8.[151,1437,1055,2016]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9328672FFC1FFB504D1FBE3FE9BFBBF" bold="true" box="[199,340,1055,1080]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Color in life</emphasis>
|
||
. Dorsum light green, with minute melanophores; flanks yellowish white; bones green; fingers and toes yellow with a faint green tint. Venter white anteriorly and translucent posteriorly. Iris background golden with numerous dark spots and very light reticulation.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF95A60FFC1FFB504D1FB77FD55FB6B" blockId="8.[151,1437,1055,2016]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9328672FFC1FFB504D1FB77FE0DFB23" bold="true" box="[199,450,1163,1188]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Color in preservative</emphasis>
|
||
. Dorsal surfaces of head and body are cream; fingers and toes cream. Upper half of ventral parietal peritoneum covered by iridophores (= white), all other peritonea translucent, except for thin layer of iridophores covering heart and renal capsules.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF95A60FFC1FFB504D1FB0BFC14FAB3" blockId="8.[151,1437,1055,2016]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9328672FFC1FFB504D1FB0BFEFAFA97" bold="true" box="[199,309,1271,1296]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Variation</emphasis>
|
||
. In life, dorsal coloration varies from very light green to light green. Coloration of dorsum in preservation varies from cream to medium-dark lavender. Females are unknown.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF95A60FFC1FFB504D1FAC3FE34F8AB" blockId="8.[151,1437,1055,2016]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9328672FFC1FFB504D1FAC3FE75FADF" bold="true" box="[199,442,1343,1368]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Advertisement Call.</emphasis>
|
||
The call of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4621E3FFC1FFB50645FABCFCBAFADF" box="[595,885,1344,1368]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Nymphargus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lasgralarias" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9328672FFC1FFB50645FABCFCBAFADF" box="[595,885,1344,1368]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Nymphargus lasgralarias</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B9328672FFC1FFB50796FABCFC11FADF" bold="true" box="[896,990,1344,1368]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2013B09FFC1FFB50796FABCFC11FADF" box="[896,990,1344,1368]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
is reminiscent of a short “ticking” or “clicking” noise and is easily distinguishable from the significantly longer “whistle” produced by
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4621E3FFC1FFB50118FA98FF37FA27" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Nymphargus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="griffithsi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9328672FFC1FFB50118FA98FF37FA27" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Nymphargus griffithsi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="137D46E5FFC1FFB50510FA74FE4EFA27" box="[262,385,1416,1440]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 8. A" captionStart-1="FIGURE 9" captionStart-2="FIGURE 10" captionStartId-0="9.[151,250,1260,1283]" captionStartId-1="11.[151,250,1354,1377]" captionStartId-2="12.[151,250,1329,1352]" captionTargetBox-0="[164,1410,374,1187]" captionTargetBox-1="[191,1391,221,1322]" captionTargetBox-2="[204,1379,201,1292]" captionTargetId-0="figure@9.[151,1436,337,1205]" captionTargetId-1="figure@11.[160,1426,193,1333]" captionTargetId-2="figure@12.[184,1403,169,1308]" captionTargetPageId-0="9" captionTargetPageId-1="11" captionTargetPageId-2="12" captionText-0="FIGURE 8. A comparison of the call oscillograms on a 0.25 s time scale between Nymphargus lasgralarias sp. nov. (A) and Nymphargus griffithsi (B). Note that the call of N. griffithsi is much longer than that of N. lasgralarias sp. nov. Individuals represented: A = MZUTI 094; and B = MZUTI 100." captionText-1="FIGURE 9. Advertisement call of Nymphargus lasgralarias sp. nov., MZUTI 0 94. (A) Oscillogram. (B) Audiospectrogram. (C) Power spectrum. Fundamental frequency (darkest and lowest band) and two harmonics are shown in B." captionText-2="FIGURE 10. Advertisement call of Nymphargus griffithsi MZUTI 100. (A) Oscillogram. (B) Audiospectrogram. (C) Power spectrum. Fundamental frequency (darkest and lowest band) and two harmonics are shown in B." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/280686/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/280687/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/280688/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Figs. 8–10</figureCitation>
|
||
). The call consists of a short, pulsed note lasting 0.016–
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE723CA7FFC1FFB507E4FA74FBFEFA27" box="[1010,1073,1416,1440]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" precision="55" value="-0.044">0.044</geoCoordinate>
|
||
s (mean = 0.026 ±
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE723CA7FFC1FFB5011FFA74FA95FA27" box="[1289,1370,1416,1440]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" precision="55" value="-0.006">0.006 s</geoCoordinate>
|
||
) with 1–3 pulses (mean = 1.5 ± 0.6 pulses) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="137D46E5FFC1FFB50659FA50FD6FFA43" box="[591,672,1452,1476]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1354,1377]" captionTargetBox="[191,1391,221,1322]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[160,1426,193,1333]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 9. Advertisement call of Nymphargus lasgralarias sp. nov., MZUTI 0 94. (A) Oscillogram. (B) Audiospectrogram. (C) Power spectrum. Fundamental frequency (darkest and lowest band) and two harmonics are shown in B." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/280687/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Figs. 9</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="137D46E5FFC1FFB506B8FA50FD07FA43" box="[686,712,1452,1476]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1205,1228]" captionTargetBox="[177,1424,231,1178]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[151,1436,193,1184]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 11. Inter – and intraspecific waveform variation between Nymphargus lasgralarias sp. nov. (A – C) and Nymphargus griffithsi (D – F). Individuals represented: A = MZUTI 096; B = MZUTI 092; C = MZUTI 18839; D = MZUTI 100; E = MZUTI 098; F = MZUTI 101." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/280689/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">11</figureCitation>
|
||
A–11C). Calls emitted in a series, which typically includes 1–4 calls (mean = 2.7 ± 0.7 calls) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="137D46E5FFC1FFB505EAFA2CFD80FA6F" box="[508,591,1488,1512]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1947,1970]" captionTargetBox="[165,1407,1362,1908]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[151,1436,1338,1926]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 12. Advertisement call variation of Nymphargus lasgralarias sp. nov. (A) One – call series. (B) two – call series. (C) three – call series. (D) four – call series. (E) Advertisement call of Nymphargus griffithsi, which never occur in a series, for comparison. Individuals represented: A = MZUTI 091; B = MZUTI 096; C = MZUTI 095; D = MZUTI 095; E = MZUTI 101." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/280690/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig. 12</figureCitation>
|
||
A–12D). Five-call series had been observed, but were not recorded. Each series has duration of 0.033–
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE723CA7FFC1FFB505C9FA08FDD2F98B" box="[479,541,1524,1548]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" precision="55" value="-2.541">2.541</geoCoordinate>
|
||
s (mean = 1.529 ±
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE723CA7FFC1FFB506E8FA08FC9FF98B" box="[766,848,1524,1548]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" precision="55" value="-0.597">0.597 s</geoCoordinate>
|
||
) and an interval of 8.6–
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE723CA7FFC1FFB50074FA08FB5BF98B" box="[1122,1172,1524,1548]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" precision="5555" value="-78.6">78.6</geoCoordinate>
|
||
s (mean 33.8 ±
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE723CA7FFC1FFB50158FA08FA5CF98B" box="[1358,1427,1524,1548]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" precision="5555" value="-18.4">18.4 s</geoCoordinate>
|
||
) between series with an interval of 0.088–
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE723CA7FFC1FFB5067AF9E4FD66F9B7" box="[620,681,1560,1584]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" precision="55" value="-1.513">1.513</geoCoordinate>
|
||
s (mean = 0.873 ±
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE723CA7FFC1FFB5079FF9E4FC14F9B7" box="[905,987,1560,1584]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" precision="55" value="-0.205">0.205 s</geoCoordinate>
|
||
) between calls within a series. The call repetition rate is 2.0–9.9 (5.5 ± 2.7) calls per minute (
|
||
<emphasis id="B9328672FFC1FFB506E9F9C1FCC2F9D3" box="[767,781,1597,1620]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 6 individuals). The dominant frequency is measured at 3445.3–3962.2 Hz (mean = 3691.4 ± 131.9 Hz); contained within the fundamental frequency. The individual call begins at an initial fundamental frequency of 2561.0–3441.0 Hz (mean 3063.6 ± 162.5 Hz). The fundamental frequency is bound between the lower frequency of 2939.4–4145.2 Hz (mean = 3236.3 ± 168.7) and the upper frequency of 3887.7–4473.4 Hz (mean = 4139.8 ± 139.7 Hz). The call has three harmonic frequencies at 6546.1– 8096.5 Hz (mean = 7298.9 ± 305.8 Hz), 9991.4–12058.6 Hz (mean = 11034.2 ± 478.3 Hz), and 13781.2–14928.0 Hz (mean 14317.1 ± 245.5 Hz).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF95A60FFC1FFB404DFF8C4FD4DFE9B" blockId="8.[151,1437,1055,2016]" lastBlockId="9.[151,1436,151,284]" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="10" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
A quantitative comparison between the calls of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4621E3FFC1FFB506CDF8C4FC36F8D7" box="[731,1017,1848,1872]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Nymphargus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lasgralarias" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9328672FFC1FFB506CDF8C4FC36F8D7" box="[731,1017,1848,1872]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Nymphargus lasgralarias</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B9328672FFC1FFB507E9F8C4FB97F8D7" bold="true" box="[1023,1112,1848,1872]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2013B09FFC1FFB507E9F8C4FB97F8D7" box="[1023,1112,1848,1872]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4621E3FFC1FFB50098F8C4FA4DF8D7" box="[1166,1410,1848,1872]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Nymphargus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="griffithsi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9328672FFC1FFB50098F8C4FA4DF8D7" box="[1166,1410,1848,1872]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Nymphargus griffithsi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is shown in
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6C46FDBFFC1FFB50513F8A0FE93F8F3" box="[261,348,1884,1908]" captionStart="TABLE 2. A" captionStartId="10.[151,235,152,173]" captionTargetBox="[151,1430,325,977]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="TABLE 2. A comparison of vocalization measurements between Nymphargus griffithsi and Nymphargus lasgralarias sp. nov." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF390AE8FFC3FFB70481FF64FA59FF2A" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" tableUuid="DF390AE8FFC3FFB70481FF64FA59FF2A">Table 2</tableCitation>
|
||
. Structurally, the calls of the two species are quite different (
|
||
<figureCitation id="137D46E5FFC1FFB5001AF8A0FB9DF8F3" box="[1036,1106,1884,1908]" captionStart="FIGURE 8. A" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1260,1283]" captionTargetBox="[164,1410,374,1187]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[151,1436,337,1205]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 8. A comparison of the call oscillograms on a 0.25 s time scale between Nymphargus lasgralarias sp. nov. (A) and Nymphargus griffithsi (B). Note that the call of N. griffithsi is much longer than that of N. lasgralarias sp. nov. Individuals represented: A = MZUTI 094; and B = MZUTI 100." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/280686/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
|
||
). The call of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4621E3FFC1FFB500FDF8A1FAA3F8F3" box="[1259,1388,1884,1908]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Nymphargus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="griffithsi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9328672FFC1FFB500FDF8A1FAA3F8F3" box="[1259,1388,1884,1908]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">N. griffithsi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is a single tonal or multi-pulsed (i.e., 2 or more pulses) call (
|
||
<figureCitation id="137D46E5FFC1FFB50718F87CFC93F81F" box="[782,860,1920,1944]" captionStart="FIGURE 8. A" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1260,1283]" captionTargetBox="[164,1410,374,1187]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[151,1436,337,1205]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 8. A comparison of the call oscillograms on a 0.25 s time scale between Nymphargus lasgralarias sp. nov. (A) and Nymphargus griffithsi (B). Note that the call of N. griffithsi is much longer than that of N. lasgralarias sp. nov. Individuals represented: A = MZUTI 094; and B = MZUTI 100." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/280686/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Figs. 8</figureCitation>
|
||
B, 10, 11D–11F), whereas the calls of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4621E3FFC1FFB5011CF87DFF77F83B" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Nymphargus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lasgralarias" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9328672FFC1FFB5011CF87DFF77F83B" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">N. lasgralarias</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B9328672FFC1FFB504A9F858FED6F83B" bold="true" box="[191,281,1956,1980]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2013B09FFC1FFB504A9F858FED6F83B" box="[191,281,1956,1980]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
are always pulsed (
|
||
<figureCitation id="137D46E5FFC1FFB505EEF858FD93F83B" box="[504,604,1956,1980]" captionStart="FIGURE 8. A" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1260,1283]" captionTargetBox="[164,1410,374,1187]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[151,1436,337,1205]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 8. A comparison of the call oscillograms on a 0.25 s time scale between Nymphargus lasgralarias sp. nov. (A) and Nymphargus griffithsi (B). Note that the call of N. griffithsi is much longer than that of N. lasgralarias sp. nov. Individuals represented: A = MZUTI 094; and B = MZUTI 100." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/280686/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Figs. 8A</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="137D46E5FFC1FFB5067EF858FDB7F83B" box="[616,632,1956,1980]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1354,1377]" captionTargetBox="[191,1391,221,1322]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[160,1426,193,1333]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 9. Advertisement call of Nymphargus lasgralarias sp. nov., MZUTI 0 94. (A) Oscillogram. (B) Audiospectrogram. (C) Power spectrum. Fundamental frequency (darkest and lowest band) and two harmonics are shown in B." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/280687/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">9</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="137D46E5FFC1FFB50693F858FD50F83B" box="[645,671,1956,1980]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1205,1228]" captionTargetBox="[177,1424,231,1178]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[151,1436,193,1184]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 11. Inter – and intraspecific waveform variation between Nymphargus lasgralarias sp. nov. (A – C) and Nymphargus griffithsi (D – F). Individuals represented: A = MZUTI 096; B = MZUTI 092; C = MZUTI 18839; D = MZUTI 100; E = MZUTI 098; F = MZUTI 101." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/280689/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">11</figureCitation>
|
||
A–11C).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4621E3FFC1FFB50711F858FC31F83B" box="[775,1022,1956,1980]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Nymphargus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="griffithsi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9328672FFC1FFB50711F858FC31F83B" box="[775,1022,1956,1980]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Nymphargus griffithsi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
emits its advertisement call as a single call (absent from a series) while
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4621E3FFC1FFB50641F835FCC8F867" box="[599,775,1992,2016]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Nymphargus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lasgralarias" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9328672FFC1FFB50641F835FCC8F867" box="[599,775,1992,2016]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">N. lasgralarias</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B9328672FFC1FFB50702F834FCBCF867" bold="true" box="[788,883,1992,2016]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2013B09FFC1FFB50702F834FCBCF867" box="[788,883,1992,2016]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
emits its calls as a single call or in a series, demonstrating a highly variable calling pattern in contrast to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4621E3FFC0FFB4075CFF65FC04FF37" box="[842,971,152,176]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Nymphargus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="griffithsi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9328672FFC0FFB4075CFF65FC04FF37" box="[842,971,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">N. griffithsi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="137D46E5FFC0FFB407CAFF6BFBE2FF28" box="[988,1069,151,175]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1947,1970]" captionTargetBox="[165,1407,1362,1908]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[151,1436,1338,1926]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 12. Advertisement call variation of Nymphargus lasgralarias sp. nov. (A) One – call series. (B) two – call series. (C) three – call series. (D) four – call series. (E) Advertisement call of Nymphargus griffithsi, which never occur in a series, for comparison. Individuals represented: A = MZUTI 091; B = MZUTI 096; C = MZUTI 095; D = MZUTI 095; E = MZUTI 101." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/280690/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig. 12</figureCitation>
|
||
A–12D). In addition,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4621E3FFC0FFB40134FF65FF1EFF53" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Nymphargus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lasgralarias" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9328672FFC0FFB40134FF65FF1EFF53" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">N. lasgralarias</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B9328672FFC0FFB404CEFF40FEFCFF53" bold="true" box="[216,307,188,212]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2013B09FFC0FFB404CEFF40FEFCFF53" box="[216,307,188,212]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
has a significantly shorter call duration than
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4621E3FFC0FFB40724FF41FC7BFF53" box="[818,948,188,212]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Nymphargus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="griffithsi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9328672FFC0FFB40724FF41FC7BFF53" box="[818,948,188,212]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">N. griffithsi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(call duration in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4621E3FFC0FFB4006EFF41FAEDFF53" box="[1144,1314,188,212]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Nymphargus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lasgralarias" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9328672FFC0FFB4006EFF41FAEDFF53" box="[1144,1314,188,212]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">N. lasgralarias</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B9328672FFC0FFB4013CFF40FA4AFF53" bold="true" box="[1322,1413,188,212]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2013B09FFC0FFB4013CFF40FA4AFF53" box="[1322,1413,188,212]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
= 0.016–
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE723CA7FFC0FFB404F2FF23FEECFF70" box="[228,291,223,247]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" precision="55" value="-0.044">0.044</geoCoordinate>
|
||
s [mean =
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE723CA7FFC0FFB40588FF23FE3FFF70" box="[414,496,223,247]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" precision="55" value="-0.026">0.026 s</geoCoordinate>
|
||
; SD =
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE723CA7FFC0FFB40628FF23FD5FFF70" box="[574,656,223,247]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" precision="55" value="-0.006">0.006 s</geoCoordinate>
|
||
;
|
||
<emphasis id="B9328672FFC0FFB4068AFF1DFD65FF7F" box="[668,682,225,248]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 119]; call duration in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4621E3FFC0FFB407AEFF1DFBF7FF7F" box="[952,1080,224,248]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Nymphargus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="griffithsi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9328672FFC0FFB407AEFF1DFBF7FF7F" box="[952,1080,224,248]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">N. griffithsi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
= 0.103–
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE723CA7FFC0FFB400B5FF23FB2DFF70" box="[1187,1250,223,247]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" precision="55" value="-0.148">0.148</geoCoordinate>
|
||
s [mean =
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE723CA7FFC0FFB4014BFF23FF6BFE9B" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" precision="55" value="-0.122">0.122 s</geoCoordinate>
|
||
; SD =
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE723CA7FFC0FFB404E4FEF8FE8AFE9B" box="[242,325,260,284]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" precision="55" value="-0.009">0.009 s</geoCoordinate>
|
||
;
|
||
<emphasis id="B9328672FFC0FFB40544FEF9FEAFFE9B" box="[338,352,261,284]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 48]; T-test:
|
||
<emphasis id="B9328672FFC0FFB40610FEF9FDDBFE9B" box="[518,532,261,284]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">p</emphasis>
|
||
<0.001).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF390AE8FFC0FFB40481FB10FD45FAC7" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/280686/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" targetBox="[164,1410,374,1187]" targetPageId="9">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF95A60FFC0FFB40481FB10FD45FAC7" blockId="9.[151,1436,1260,1344]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9328672FFC0FFB40481FB10FEDCFA85" bold="true" box="[151,275,1260,1283]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">FIGURE 8.</emphasis>
|
||
A comparison of the call oscillograms on a 0.25 s time scale between
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4621E3FFC0FFB407FFFB11FB22FA84" box="[1001,1261,1261,1283]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Nymphargus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lasgralarias" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9328672FFC0FFB407FFFB11FB22FA84" box="[1001,1261,1261,1283]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Nymphargus lasgralarias</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B9328672FFC0FFB400E2FB11FA8AFA85" bold="true" box="[1268,1349,1261,1282]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2013B09FFC0FFB400E2FB11FA8AFA85" box="[1268,1349,1261,1282]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B9328672FFC0FFB40143FB11FAA8FA85" bold="true" box="[1365,1383,1261,1282]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">A</emphasis>
|
||
) and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4621E3FFC0FFB40481FAF0FEBBFAA5" box="[151,372,1292,1314]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Nymphargus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="griffithsi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9328672FFC0FFB40481FAF0FEBBFAA5" box="[151,372,1292,1314]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Nymphargus griffithsi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B9328672FFC0FFB4056CFAF7FE5CFAA5" bold="true" box="[378,403,1291,1314]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">(B</emphasis>
|
||
). Note that the call of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4621E3FFC0FFB40662FAF1FD27FAA5" box="[628,744,1292,1314]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Nymphargus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="griffithsi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9328672FFC0FFB40662FAF1FD27FAA5" box="[628,744,1292,1314]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">N. griffithsi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is much longer than that of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4621E3FFC0FFB40017FAF1FB55FAA5" box="[1025,1178,1292,1314]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Nymphargus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lasgralarias" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9328672FFC0FFB40017FAF1FB55FAA5" box="[1025,1178,1292,1314]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">N. lasgralarias</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B9328672FFC0FFB400B6FAF0FB3FFAA6" bold="true" box="[1184,1264,1292,1313]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2013B09FFC0FFB400B6FAF0FB3FFAA6" box="[1184,1264,1292,1313]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Individuals represented:
|
||
<emphasis id="B9328672FFC0FFB404EEFAD6FEC5FAB8" bold="true" box="[248,266,1322,1343]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">A</emphasis>
|
||
= MZUTI 094; and
|
||
<emphasis id="B9328672FFC0FFB405CCFAD7FE24FAC7" bold="true" box="[474,491,1323,1344]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">B</emphasis>
|
||
= MZUTI 100.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF95A60FFC0FFB404DFFA9BFE5AF96F" blockId="9.[151,1436,1383,2019]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
The dominant frequency is significantly lower in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4621E3FFC0FFB4071AFA95FC75FA07" box="[780,954,1384,1408]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Nymphargus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lasgralarias" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9328672FFC0FFB4071AFA95FC75FA07" box="[780,954,1384,1408]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">N. lasgralarias</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B9328672FFC0FFB407D2FA94FBEEFA07" bold="true" box="[964,1057,1384,1408]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2013B09FFC0FFB407D2FA94FBEEFA07" box="[964,1057,1384,1408]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
than
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4621E3FFC0FFB40070FA95FB24FA07" box="[1126,1259,1384,1408]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Nymphargus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="griffithsi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9328672FFC0FFB40070FA95FB24FA07" box="[1126,1259,1384,1408]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">N. griffithsi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(dominant frequency in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4621E3FFC0FFB40518FA71FE76FA23" box="[270,441,1420,1444]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Nymphargus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lasgralarias" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9328672FFC0FFB40518FA71FE76FA23" box="[270,441,1420,1444]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">N. lasgralarias</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B9328672FFC0FFB405D4FA70FDD2FA23" bold="true" box="[450,541,1420,1444]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2013B09FFC0FFB405D4FA70FDD2FA23" box="[450,541,1420,1444]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
= 3445.3–3962.2 Hz [mean = 3691.4 Hz; SD = 131.9 Hz;
|
||
<emphasis id="B9328672FFC0FFB400D7FA71FB00FA23" box="[1217,1231,1421,1444]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 119]; dominant frequency in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4621E3FFC0FFB40539FA4DFE7DFA4F" box="[303,434,1456,1480]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Nymphargus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="griffithsi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9328672FFC0FFB40539FA4DFE7DFA4F" box="[303,434,1456,1480]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">N. griffithsi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
= 3789.8–4306.6 Hz [mean = 4107.4 Hz; SD = 105.5 Hz;
|
||
<emphasis id="B9328672FFC0FFB40072FA4DFBBDFA4F" box="[1124,1138,1457,1480]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 48]; T-test:
|
||
<emphasis id="B9328672FFC0FFB4010AFA4DFAE5FA4F" box="[1308,1322,1457,1480]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">p</emphasis>
|
||
<0.001), although there is partial overlap. Although the calls of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4621E3FFC0FFB406EBFA29FC68FA6B" box="[765,935,1492,1516]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Nymphargus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lasgralarias" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9328672FFC0FFB406EBFA29FC68FA6B" box="[765,935,1492,1516]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">N. lasgralarias</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B9328672FFC0FFB407BBFA28FBC8FA6B" bold="true" box="[941,1031,1492,1516]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2013B09FFC0FFB407BBFA28FBC8FA6B" box="[941,1031,1492,1516]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4621E3FFC0FFB40028FA29FB70FA6B" box="[1086,1215,1492,1516]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Nymphargus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="griffithsi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9328672FFC0FFB40028FA29FB70FA6B" box="[1086,1215,1492,1516]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">N. griffithsi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
do not show a conspicuous change in dominant frequency, the two species show a slight increase in the dominant frequency, an increase that is more pronounced it
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4621E3FFC0FFB40632F9E1FD6AF9B3" box="[548,677,1564,1588]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Nymphargus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="griffithsi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9328672FFC0FFB40632F9E1FD6AF9B3" box="[548,677,1564,1588]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">N. griffithsi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Furthermore,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4621E3FFC0FFB4075BF9E1FC39F9B3" box="[845,1014,1564,1588]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Nymphargus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lasgralarias" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9328672FFC0FFB4075BF9E1FC39F9B3" box="[845,1014,1564,1588]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">N. lasgralarias</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B9328672FFC0FFB407EBF9E0FB99F9B3" bold="true" box="[1021,1110,1564,1588]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2013B09FFC0FFB407EBF9E0FB99F9B3" box="[1021,1110,1564,1588]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
has a significantly lower initialization frequency (Hz) than
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4621E3FFC0FFB40611F9BDFD43F9DF" box="[519,652,1600,1624]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Nymphargus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="griffithsi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9328672FFC0FFB40611F9BDFD43F9DF" box="[519,652,1600,1624]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">N. griffithsi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(initial frequency in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4621E3FFC0FFB4079CF9BDFBF7F9DF" box="[906,1080,1600,1624]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Nymphargus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lasgralarias" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9328672FFC0FFB4079CF9BDFBF7F9DF" box="[906,1080,1600,1624]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">N. lasgralarias</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B9328672FFC0FFB40052F9BCFB72F9DF" bold="true" box="[1092,1213,1600,1624]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2013B09FFC0FFB40052F9BCFB6EF9DF" box="[1092,1185,1600,1624]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
=
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
2561.0–3441.0 Hz [mean = 3063.6 Hz; SD = 162.5 Hz;
|
||
<emphasis id="B9328672FFC0FFB40624F999FD8FF9FB" box="[562,576,1637,1660]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 119]; initial frequency in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4621E3FFC0FFB4076EF999FC36F9FB" box="[888,1017,1636,1660]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Nymphargus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="griffithsi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9328672FFC0FFB4076EF999FC36F9FB" box="[888,1017,1636,1660]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">N. griffithsi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
= 2821.0–3776.0 Hz [mean = 3328.6 Hz; SD = 300.9 Hz;
|
||
<emphasis id="B9328672FFC0FFB4056AF975FE45F927" box="[380,394,1673,1696]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 48]; T-test:
|
||
<emphasis id="B9328672FFC0FFB40623F975FD8CF927" box="[565,579,1673,1696]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">p</emphasis>
|
||
<0.001). A quantitative comparison between the calls of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4621E3FFC0FFB400DDF975FABBF927" box="[1227,1396,1672,1696]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Nymphargus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lasgralarias" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9328672FFC0FFB400DDF975FABBF927" box="[1227,1396,1672,1696]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">N. lasgralarias</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B9328672FFC0FFB4016CF974FF06F943" bold="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2013B09FFC0FFB4016CF974FF06F943" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4621E3FFC0FFB40516F951FE4EF943" box="[256,385,1708,1732]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Nymphargus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="griffithsi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9328672FFC0FFB40516F951FE4EF943" box="[256,385,1708,1732]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">N. griffithsi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is shown in
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6C46FDBFFC0FFB40606F957FDA7F944" box="[528,616,1707,1731]" captionStart="TABLE 2. A" captionStartId="10.[151,235,152,173]" captionTargetBox="[151,1430,325,977]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="TABLE 2. A comparison of vocalization measurements between Nymphargus griffithsi and Nymphargus lasgralarias sp. nov." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF390AE8FFC3FFB70481FF64FA59FF2A" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" tableUuid="DF390AE8FFC3FFB70481FF64FA59FF2A">Table 2</tableCitation>
|
||
. Additional detailed acoustic measurements can be found in APPENDIX II and APPENDIX III.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C35C09EBFFC0FFB204DFF90FFCE2FE48" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="16" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF95A60FFC0FFB404DFF90FFC47F864" blockId="9.[151,1436,1383,2019]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9328672FFC0FFB404DFF90FFEADF88B" bold="true" box="[201,354,1779,1804]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4621E3FFC0FFB4057FF908FD47F88B" box="[361,648,1780,1804]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Nymphargus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lasgralarias" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9328672FFC0FFB4057FF908FD47F88B" box="[361,648,1780,1804]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Nymphargus lasgralarias</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B9328672FFC0FFB40699F908FD26F88B" bold="true" box="[655,745,1780,1804]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2013B09FFC0FFB40699F908FD26F88B" box="[655,745,1780,1804]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
is known only from its
|
||
<typeStatus id="54FDE4C2FFC0FFB407E0F908FBE9F88B" box="[1014,1062,1780,1804]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality at Reserva Las Gralarias (
|
||
<figureCitation id="137D46E5FFC0FFB40489F8E4FF10F8B7" box="[159,223,1816,1840]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,248,1759,1782]" captionTargetBox="[160,1414,298,1734]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1436,283,1757]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Map of Ecuador showing the type locality of Nymphargus lasgralarias sp. nov. (Reserva Las Gralarias; red circle)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/280679/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
) in Pichincha province,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3511AF0FFC0FFB405E5F8E4FD9DF8B7" box="[499,594,1816,1840]" name="Ecuador" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
|
||
, between an elevation of
|
||
<quantity id="4CBEF785FFC0FFB40779F8E4FBC3F8B7" box="[879,1036,1816,1840]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.025" metricValueMax="2.2" metricValueMin="1.85" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" unit="m" value="2025.0" valueMax="2200.0" valueMin="1850.0">1850–2200 m</quantity>
|
||
. Within the reserve,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4621E3FFC0FFB400E4F8E5FA53F8B7" box="[1266,1436,1816,1840]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Nymphargus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lasgralarias" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9328672FFC0FFB400E4F8E5FA53F8B7" box="[1266,1436,1816,1840]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">N. lasgralarias</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B9328672FFC0FFB40481F8C0FF3CF8D3" bold="true" box="[151,243,1852,1876]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2013B09FFC0FFB40481F8C0FF3CF8D3" box="[151,243,1852,1876]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
is known from the Chalguayacu Grande River (
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE723CA7FFC0FFB40737F8C7FC65F8D4" box="[801,938,1851,1875]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" precision="1" value="-0.031133333">0º01.868’ S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE723CA7FFC0FFB407AFF8C7FB94F8D4" box="[953,1115,1851,1875]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" precision="1" value="-78.73428">78º44.057’ W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
;
|
||
<quantity id="4CBEF785FFC0FFB4007EF8C7FAC6F8D4" box="[1128,1289,1851,1875]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.9625" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.925" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" unit="m" value="1962.5" valueMax="2000.0" valueMin="1925.0">1925–2000 m</quantity>
|
||
), “Five Frog Creek”, “
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4621E3FFC0FFB40515F89CFE4DF8FF" box="[259,386,1888,1912]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Centrolene" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="heloderma">Heloderma</taxonomicName>
|
||
Creek” (
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE723CA7FFC0FFB405E4F89CFDB2F8FF" box="[498,637,1888,1912]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" precision="1" value="-0.02075">0º01.245’ S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE723CA7FFC0FFB40699F89CFCFCF8FF" box="[655,819,1888,1912]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" precision="1" value="-78.70617">78º42.370’ W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
;
|
||
<quantity id="4CBEF785FFC0FFB40755F89CFC29F8FF" box="[835,998,1888,1912]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.2" metricValueMax="2.225" metricValueMin="2.175" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" unit="m" value="2200.0" valueMax="2225.0" valueMin="2175.0">2175–2225 m</quantity>
|
||
), “Hercules Giant Tree Frog Creek”, “Kathy’s Creek”, and “Lucy’s Creek” (
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE723CA7FFC0FFB40640F87FFD10F81C" box="[598,735,1923,1947]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" precision="1" value="-0.009749999">0º00.585’ S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE723CA7FFC0FFB406FBF87FFC41F81C" box="[749,910,1923,1947]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" precision="1" value="-78.73168">78º43.901’ W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
;
|
||
<quantity id="4CBEF785FFC0FFB4078DF87FFBF3F81C" box="[923,1084,1923,1947]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8625" metricValueMax="1.875" metricValueMin="1.85" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" unit="m" value="1862.5" valueMax="1875.0" valueMin="1850.0">1850–1875 m</quantity>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4621E3FFC0FFB40047F878FABDF81B" box="[1105,1394,1924,1948]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Nymphargus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lasgralarias" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9328672FFC0FFB40047F878FABDF81B" box="[1105,1394,1924,1948]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Nymphargus lasgralarias</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B9328672FFC0FFB4016CF878FF07F847" bold="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2013B09FFC0FFB4016CF878FF07F847" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
is quite ubiquitous throughout Reserva Las Gralarias, with observations only absent from the Santa Rosa River (
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE723CA7FFC0FFB404F2F837FEA5F864" box="[228,362,1995,2019]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" precision="1" value="-0.019866668">0º01.192’ S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE723CA7FFC0FFB40561F837FDD9F864" box="[375,534,1995,2019]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" precision="1" value="-78.7202">78º43.212’ W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
;
|
||
<quantity id="4CBEF785FFC0FFB40637F837FD72F864" box="[545,701,1995,2019]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8375" metricValueMax="1.85" metricValueMin="1.825" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" unit="m" value="1837.5" valueMax="1850.0" valueMin="1825.0">1825–1850 m</quantity>
|
||
) (
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6C46FDBFFC0FFB406C5F837FCE5F864" box="[723,810,1995,2019]" captionStart="TABLE 3" captionStartId="10.[151,235,1045,1066]" captionText="TABLE 3. Distribution of centrolenid species at various localities (and their elevational range) within Reserva Las Gralarias. A gray box indicates species presence at a particular locality." pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Table 3</tableCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<figureCitation id="137D46E5FFC0FFB40721F837FCB4F864" box="[823,891,1995,2019]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1122,1145]" captionTargetBox="[165,1426,416,1087]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,409,1105]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Map of the waterways in Reserva Las Gralarias and the surrounding region. The map indicates the observed localities of Nymphargus griffithsi and Nymphargus lasgralarias sp. nov., in addition to the type locality of N. griffithsi at the Saloya River, from Goin (1961)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/280680/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF390AE8FFC3FFB70481FF64FA59FF2A" ID-Table-UUID="DF390AE8FFC3FFB70481FF64FA59FF2A" box="[151,1430,152,174]" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF390AE8FFC3FFB70481FF64FA59FF2A" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" targetBox="[151,1430,325,977]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="10">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF95A60FFC3FFB70481FF64FA59FF2A" blockId="10.[151,1430,152,306]" box="[151,1430,152,174]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9328672FFC3FFB70481FF64FECBFF2A" bold="true" box="[151,260,152,173]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">TABLE 2.</emphasis>
|
||
A comparison of vocalization measurements between
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4621E3FFC3FFB70738FF64FBC4FF29" box="[814,1035,152,174]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Nymphargus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="griffithsi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9328672FFC3FFB70738FF64FBC4FF29" box="[814,1035,152,174]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Nymphargus griffithsi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4621E3FFC3FFB7002BFF64FA8FFF29" box="[1085,1344,152,174]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Nymphargus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lasgralarias" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9328672FFC3FFB7002BFF64FA8FFF29" box="[1085,1344,152,174]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Nymphargus lasgralarias</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2013B09FFC3FFB70153FF64FA59FF2A" box="[1349,1430,152,173]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF95A60FFC3FFB7060DFF35FDA5FF67" blockId="10.[151,1430,152,306]" box="[539,618,201,224]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9328672FFC3FFB7060DFF35FDA5FF67" bold="true" box="[539,618,201,224]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Species</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF95A60FFC3FFB7060DFF0FFB9AFE8F" blockId="10.[151,1430,152,306]" box="[539,1109,242,264]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4621E3FFC3FFB7060DFF0FFD7BFE8F" box="[539,692,242,264]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Nymphargus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lasgralarias" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9328672FFC3FFB7060DFF0FFD7BFE8F" box="[539,692,242,264]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">N. lasgralarias</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B9328672FFC3FFB706ACFF0FFCC4FE8F" bold="true" box="[698,779,243,264]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2013B09FFC3FFB706ACFF0FFCC4FE8F" box="[698,779,243,264]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4621E3FFC3FFB707C9FF0FFB9AFE8F" box="[991,1109,242,264]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Nymphargus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="griffithsi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9328672FFC3FFB707C9FF0FFB9AFE8F" box="[991,1109,242,264]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">N. griffithsi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF95A60FFC3FFB70488FEE1FDD1FBFB" blockId="10.[151,1430,152,306]" lastBlockId="10.[151,1437,1045,1148]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
Parameter Range Mean ± SD Range Mean ± SD
|
||
<emphasis id="B9328672FFC3FFB705D9FB99FDD1FBFB" bold="true" box="[463,542,1125,1148]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Species</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF95A60FFC3FFB70488FEB9FAA1FC57" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<table id="F946A8C0FFC300420481FEB9FA59FC56" box="[151,1430,325,977]" gridcols="5" gridrows="13" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<tr id="35765822FFC300420481FEB9FA59FEDC" box="[151,1430,325,347]" gridrow="0" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<th id="76A7315EFFC300420481FEB9FE2EFEDC" box="[151,481,325,347]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Call repetition rate (per minute)</th>
|
||
<th id="76A7315EFFC30042060CFEB9FD03FEDC" box="[538,716,325,347]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">2.0–9.9</th>
|
||
<th id="76A7315EFFC300420715FEB9FC66FEDC" box="[771,937,325,347]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">5.5 ± 2.7</th>
|
||
<th id="76A7315EFFC3004207C9FEB9FB5EFEDC" box="[991,1169,325,347]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">1.1–1.9</th>
|
||
<th id="76A7315EFFC3004200DEFEB9FA59FEDC" box="[1224,1430,325,347]" gridcol="4" gridrow="0" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">1.6 ± 0.4</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="35765822FFC300420481FE92FA59FE02" box="[151,1430,366,389]" gridrow="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<th id="76A7315EFFC300420481FE92FE2EFE02" box="[151,481,366,389]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Call duration (s)</th>
|
||
<td id="76A7315EFFC30042060CFE92FD03FE02" box="[538,716,366,389]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">0.016–0.044</td>
|
||
<td id="76A7315EFFC300420715FE92FC66FE02" box="[771,937,366,389]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">0.026 ± 0.006</td>
|
||
<td id="76A7315EFFC3004207C9FE92FB5EFE02" box="[991,1169,366,389]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">0.103–0.148</td>
|
||
<td id="76A7315EFFC3004200DEFE92FA59FE02" box="[1224,1430,366,389]" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">0.122 ± 0.009</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="35765822FFC300420481FE64FA59FE29" box="[151,1430,408,430]" gridrow="2" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<th id="76A7315EFFC300420481FE64FE2EFE29" box="[151,481,408,430]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Notes per call</th>
|
||
<td id="76A7315EFFC30042060CFE64FD03FE29" box="[538,716,408,430]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">1</td>
|
||
<td id="76A7315EFFC300420715FE64FC66FE29" box="[771,937,408,430]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">–</td>
|
||
<td id="76A7315EFFC3004207C9FE64FB5EFE29" box="[991,1169,408,430]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">1</td>
|
||
<td id="76A7315EFFC3004200DEFE64FA59FE29" box="[1224,1430,408,430]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">–</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="35765822FFC300420481FE3DFA59FE50" box="[151,1430,449,471]" gridrow="3" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<th id="76A7315EFFC300420481FE3DFE2EFE50" box="[151,481,449,471]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Pulses per call</th>
|
||
<td id="76A7315EFFC30042060CFE3DFD03FE50" box="[538,716,449,471]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">1–3</td>
|
||
<td id="76A7315EFFC300420715FE3DFC66FE50" box="[771,937,449,471]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">1.5 ± 0.6</td>
|
||
<td id="76A7315EFFC3004207C9FE3DFB5EFE50" box="[991,1169,449,471]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Tonal–3</td>
|
||
<td id="76A7315EFFC3004200DEFE3DFA59FE50" box="[1224,1430,449,471]" gridcol="4" gridrow="3" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">2.4 ± 0.5</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="35765822FFC300420481FE16FA59FD87" box="[151,1430,490,512]" gridrow="4" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<th id="76A7315EFFC300420481FE16FE2EFD87" box="[151,481,490,512]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Most frequent (pulses per call)</th>
|
||
<td id="76A7315EFFC30042060CFE16FD03FD87" box="[538,716,490,512]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">1</td>
|
||
<td id="76A7315EFFC300420715FE16FC66FD87" box="[771,937,490,512]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">–</td>
|
||
<td id="76A7315EFFC3004207C9FE16FB5EFD87" box="[991,1169,490,512]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Tonal</td>
|
||
<td id="76A7315EFFC3004200DEFE16FA59FD87" box="[1224,1430,490,512]" gridcol="4" gridrow="4" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">–</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="35765822FFC300420481FDEFFA59FDAD" box="[151,1430,531,554]" gridrow="5" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<th id="76A7315EFFC300420481FDEFFE2EFDAD" box="[151,481,531,554]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Call rise time (s)</th>
|
||
<td id="76A7315EFFC30042060CFDEFFD03FDAD" box="[538,716,531,554]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">0.002–0.013</td>
|
||
<td id="76A7315EFFC300420715FDEFFC66FDAD" box="[771,937,531,554]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">0.007 ± 0.003</td>
|
||
<td id="76A7315EFFC3004207C9FDEFFB5EFDAD" box="[991,1169,531,554]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">0.013–0.104</td>
|
||
<td id="76A7315EFFC3004200DEFDEFFA59FDAD" box="[1224,1430,531,554]" gridcol="4" gridrow="5" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">0.066 ± 0.020</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="35765822FFC300420481FDC1FA59FDD4" box="[151,1430,573,595]" gridrow="6" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<th id="76A7315EFFC300420481FDC1FE2EFDD4" box="[151,481,573,595]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Dominant frequency (Hz)</th>
|
||
<td id="76A7315EFFC30042060CFDC1FD03FDD4" box="[538,716,573,595]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">3445.3–3962.2</td>
|
||
<td id="76A7315EFFC300420715FDC1FC66FDD4" box="[771,937,573,595]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">3691.4 ± 131.9</td>
|
||
<td id="76A7315EFFC3004207C9FDC1FB5EFDD4" box="[991,1169,573,595]" gridcol="3" gridrow="6" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">3789.8–4306.6</td>
|
||
<td id="76A7315EFFC3004200DEFDC1FA59FDD4" box="[1224,1430,573,595]" gridcol="4" gridrow="6" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">4107.4 ± 105.5</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="35765822FFC300420481FD9AFA59FDFA" box="[151,1430,614,637]" gridrow="7" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<th id="76A7315EFFC300420481FD9AFE2EFDFA" box="[151,481,614,637]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Frequency modulation (Hz)</th>
|
||
<td id="76A7315EFFC30042060CFD9AFD03FDFA" box="[538,716,614,637]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">-172.3–172.3</td>
|
||
<td id="76A7315EFFC300420715FD9AFC66FDFA" box="[771,937,614,637]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">21.7 ± 69.3</td>
|
||
<td id="76A7315EFFC3004207C9FD9AFB5EFDFA" box="[991,1169,614,637]" gridcol="3" gridrow="7" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">0–344.6</td>
|
||
<td id="76A7315EFFC3004200DEFD9AFA59FDFA" box="[1224,1430,614,637]" gridcol="4" gridrow="7" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">199.3 ± 116.2</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="35765822FFC300420481FD6CFA59FD42" box="[151,1430,656,709]" gridrow="8" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<th id="76A7315EFFC300420481FD6CFE2EFD42" box="[151,481,656,709]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Initial frequency of the fundamental frequency (Hz)</th>
|
||
<td id="76A7315EFFC30042060CFD6CFD03FD42" box="[538,716,656,709]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">2561.0–3441.0</td>
|
||
<td id="76A7315EFFC300420715FD6CFC66FD42" box="[771,937,656,709]" gridcol="2" gridrow="8" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">3063.6 ± 162.5</td>
|
||
<td id="76A7315EFFC3004207C9FD6CFB5EFD42" box="[991,1169,656,709]" gridcol="3" gridrow="8" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">2272.0–3777.0</td>
|
||
<td id="76A7315EFFC3004200DEFD6CFA59FD42" box="[1224,1430,656,709]" gridcol="4" gridrow="8" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">3290.6 ± 225.1</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="35765822FFC300420481FD24FA59FC8A" box="[151,1430,728,781]" gridrow="9" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<th id="76A7315EFFC300420481FD24FE2EFC8A" box="[151,481,728,781]" gridcol="0" gridrow="9" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Lower frequency of the fundamental frequency (Hz)</th>
|
||
<td id="76A7315EFFC30042060CFD24FD03FC8A" box="[538,716,728,781]" gridcol="1" gridrow="9" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">2939.4–4145.2</td>
|
||
<td id="76A7315EFFC300420715FD24FC66FC8A" box="[771,937,728,781]" gridcol="2" gridrow="9" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">3236.3 ± 168.7</td>
|
||
<td id="76A7315EFFC3004207C9FD24FB5EFC8A" box="[991,1169,728,781]" gridcol="3" gridrow="9" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">3400.4–3826.3</td>
|
||
<td id="76A7315EFFC3004200DEFD24FA59FC8A" box="[1224,1430,728,781]" gridcol="4" gridrow="9" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">3672.3 ± 115.3</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="35765822FFC300420481FCDCFA59FCD2" box="[151,1430,800,853]" gridrow="10" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<th id="76A7315EFFC300420481FCDCFE2EFCD2" box="[151,481,800,853]" gridcol="0" gridrow="10" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Upper frequency of the fundamental frequency (Hz)</th>
|
||
<td id="76A7315EFFC30042060CFCDCFD03FCD2" box="[538,716,800,853]" gridcol="1" gridrow="10" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">3887.7–4473.4</td>
|
||
<td id="76A7315EFFC300420715FCDCFC66FCD2" box="[771,937,800,853]" gridcol="2" gridrow="10" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">4139.8 ± 139.7</td>
|
||
<td id="76A7315EFFC3004207C9FCDCFB5EFCD2" box="[991,1169,800,853]" gridcol="3" gridrow="10" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">4160.2–4702.2</td>
|
||
<td id="76A7315EFFC3004200DEFCDCFA59FCD2" box="[1224,1430,800,853]" gridcol="4" gridrow="10" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">4520.5 ± 131.3</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="35765822FFC300420481FC94FA59FCF9" box="[151,1430,872,894]" gridrow="11" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<th id="76A7315EFFC300420481FC94FE2EFCF9" box="[151,481,872,894]" gridcol="0" gridrow="11" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">1st harmonic (Hz)</th>
|
||
<td id="76A7315EFFC30042060CFC94FD03FCF9" box="[538,716,872,894]" gridcol="1" gridrow="11" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">6546.1–8096.5</td>
|
||
<td id="76A7315EFFC300420715FC94FC66FCF9" box="[771,937,872,894]" gridcol="2" gridrow="11" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">7298.9 ± 305.8</td>
|
||
<td id="76A7315EFFC3004207C9FC94FB5EFCF9" box="[991,1169,872,894]" gridcol="3" gridrow="11" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">6546.1–8613.3</td>
|
||
<td id="76A7315EFFC3004200DEFC94FA59FCF9" box="[1224,1430,872,894]" gridcol="4" gridrow="11" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">8071.8 ± 268.9</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="35765822FFC300420481FC6DFA59FC56" box="[151,1430,913,977]" gridrow="12" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<th id="76A7315EFFC300420481FC6DFE2EFC56" box="[151,481,913,977]" gridcol="0" gridrow="12" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">2nd harmonic (Hz) 3rd harmonic (Hz)</th>
|
||
<td id="76A7315EFFC30042060CFC6DFD03FC56" box="[538,716,913,977]" gridcol="1" gridrow="12" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">9991.4–12058.6 13781.2–14928.0</td>
|
||
<td id="76A7315EFFC300420715FC6DFC66FC56" box="[771,937,913,977]" gridcol="2" gridrow="12" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">11034.2 ± 478.3 14317.1 ± 245.5</td>
|
||
<td id="76A7315EFFC3004207C9FC6DFB5EFC56" box="[991,1169,913,977]" gridcol="3" gridrow="12" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">7579.7–15503.9 16020.7–17054.3</td>
|
||
<td id="76A7315EFFC3004200DEFC6DFA59FC56" box="[1224,1430,913,977]" gridcol="4" gridrow="12" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">12673.8 ± 780.3 16437.0 ± 232.5</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF390AE8FFC3FFB70481FBE9FCCEFBCE" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF95A60FFC3FFB70481FBE9FCCEFBCE" blockId="10.[151,1437,1045,1148]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9328672FFC3FFB70481FBE9FECAFBAD" bold="true" box="[151,261,1045,1066]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">TABLE 3.</emphasis>
|
||
Distribution of centrolenid species at various localities (and their elevational range) within Reserva Las Gralarias. A gray box indicates species presence at a particular locality.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF95A60FFC3FFB705F9FB42FAA2FAB3" blockId="10.[495,1389,1206,1335]" box="[495,1389,1206,1335]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9328672FFC3FFB705F9FB42FAA2FAB3" box="[495,1389,1206,1335]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4621E3FFC3FFB705F9FB42FDECFA91" box="[495,547,1214,1326]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Centrolene" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ballux">Centrolene ballux</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4621E3FFC3FFB7066DFB42FD60FA95" box="[635,687,1214,1326]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Centrolene" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lynchi">Centrolene lynchi</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4621E3FFC3FFB70711FB42FCF3FAAB" box="[775,828,1210,1326]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Centrolene" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="peristictum">Centrolene peristictum</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4621E3FFC3FFB70785FB42FC07FAAB" box="[915,968,1214,1326]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Centrolene" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="heloderma">Centrolene heloderma</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4621E3FFC3FFB70009FB4AFB9BFAB1" box="[1055,1108,1206,1334]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Nymphargus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="grandisonae">Nymphargus grandisonae</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4621E3FFC3FFB700BAFB4AFB2FFA99" box="[1196,1248,1206,1335]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Nymphargus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="griffithsi">Nymphargus griffithsi</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4621E3FFC3FFB7012EFB4AFAA2FAB3" box="[1336,1389,1206,1334]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Nymphargus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lasgralarias">Nymphargus lasgralarias</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF95A60FFC3FFB704FAFA93FEBDFA02" blockId="10.[160,442,1391,1947]" box="[236,370,1391,1413]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4621E3FFC3FFB704FAFA93FEE0FA02" box="[236,303,1391,1413]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Centrolene" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ballux">Ballux</taxonomicName>
|
||
Creek
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF95A60FFC3FFB704F2FA71FE95FA6C" blockId="10.[160,442,1391,1947]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
(
|
||
<quantity id="4CBEF785FFC3FFB704FDFA71FEB6FA24" box="[235,377,1421,1443]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.175" metricValueMax="2.2" metricValueMin="2.15" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" unit="m" value="2175.0" valueMax="2200.0" valueMin="2150.0">2150–2200 m</quantity>
|
||
) Five Frog Creek (
|
||
<quantity id="4CBEF785FFC3FFB7057EFA4BFE9DFA6C" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.125" metricValueMax="2.15" metricValueMin="2.1" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" unit="m" value="2125.0" valueMax="2150.0" valueMin="2100.0">2100– 2150 m</quantity>
|
||
)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF95A60FFC3FFB704B8FA03FE7FF992" blockId="10.[160,442,1391,1947]" box="[174,432,1535,1557]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4621E3FFC3FFB704B8FA03FED0F992" box="[174,287,1535,1557]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Centrolene" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="heloderma">Heloderma</taxonomicName>
|
||
Creek (2175–
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF95A60FFC3FFB70512F9E1FE95F9B4" blockId="10.[160,442,1391,1947]" box="[260,346,1565,1587]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">2225 m)</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF95A60FFC3FFB704B6F9BBFE75F9DA" blockId="10.[160,442,1391,1947]" box="[160,442,1607,1629]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Hercules Creek (2150–2200</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF95A60FFC3FFB70537F99AFEF2F9FC" blockId="10.[160,442,1391,1947]" box="[289,317,1638,1659]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">m)</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF95A60FFC3FFB704B1F973FE77F923" blockId="10.[160,442,1391,1947]" box="[167,440,1679,1701]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Chalguayacu River (1900–</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF95A60FFC3FFB70512F951FE95F944" blockId="10.[160,442,1391,1947]" box="[260,346,1709,1731]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">1950 m)</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF95A60FFC3FFB704F0F92BFEBBF8B2" blockId="10.[160,442,1391,1947]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
Kathy´s Creek (
|
||
<quantity id="4CBEF785FFC3FFB704FDF909FEB6F88C" box="[235,377,1781,1803]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" metricValueMax="2.05" metricValueMin="1.95" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" unit="m" value="2000.0" valueMax="2050.0" valueMin="1950.0">1950–2050 m</quantity>
|
||
) Lucy´s Creek
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF95A60FFC3FFB704F2F8C1FE4EF8D4" blockId="10.[160,442,1391,1947]" box="[228,385,1853,1875]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
(
|
||
<quantity id="4CBEF785FFC3FFB704FDF8C1FEB6F8D4" box="[235,377,1853,1875]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.85" metricValueMax="1.875" metricValueMin="1.825" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" unit="m" value="1850.0" valueMax="1875.0" valueMin="1825.0">1825–1875 m</quantity>
|
||
)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF95A60FFC3FFB704A6F89BFE61F8FB" blockId="10.[160,442,1391,1947]" box="[176,430,1895,1917]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Santa Rosa River (1800–</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF95A60FFC3FFB70512F879FE95F81C" blockId="10.[160,442,1391,1947]" box="[260,346,1925,1947]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">1875 m)</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF390AE8FFC2FFB60481FAB6FB18FA07" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/280687/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" targetBox="[191,1391,221,1322]" targetPageId="11">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF95A60FFC2FFB60481FAB6FB18FA07" blockId="11.[151,1437,1354,1408]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9328672FFC2FFB60481FAB6FEDBFAE7" bold="true" box="[151,276,1354,1377]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">FIGURE 9.</emphasis>
|
||
Advertisement call of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4621E3FFC2FFB60614FAB7FCC9FAE6" box="[514,774,1355,1377]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Nymphargus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lasgralarias" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9328672FFC2FFB60614FAB7FCC9FAE6" box="[514,774,1355,1377]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Nymphargus lasgralarias</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B9328672FFC2FFB6071BFAB7FCAAFAE7" bold="true" box="[781,869,1355,1376]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2013B09FFC2FFB6071BFAB7FCAEFAE7" box="[781,865,1355,1376]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
MZUTI 0 94. (
|
||
<emphasis id="B9328672FFC2FFB60014FAB7FBDBFAE7" bold="true" box="[1026,1044,1355,1376]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">A</emphasis>
|
||
) Oscillogram. (
|
||
<emphasis id="B9328672FFC2FFB600AEFAB7FB06FAE7" bold="true" box="[1208,1225,1355,1376]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">B</emphasis>
|
||
) Audiospectrogram. (
|
||
<emphasis id="B9328672FFC2FFB60489FA95FF7EFA07" bold="true" box="[159,177,1385,1408]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">C</emphasis>
|
||
) Power spectrum. Fundamental frequency (darkest and lowest band) and two harmonics are shown in
|
||
<emphasis id="B9328672FFC2FFB600D6FA96FB1EFAF8" bold="true" box="[1216,1233,1386,1407]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">B</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF95A60FFC2FFB604D1FA51FE67F963" blockId="11.[151,1437,1452,2016]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9328672FFC2FFB604D1FA51FDD3FA42" bold="true" box="[199,540,1452,1477]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Ecology and natural history.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4621E3FFC2FFB6063DFA50FC86FA43" box="[555,841,1452,1476]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Nymphargus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lasgralarias" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9328672FFC2FFB6063DFA50FC86FA43" box="[555,841,1452,1476]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Nymphargus lasgralarias</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B9328672FFC2FFB60747FA51FC64FA42" bold="true" box="[849,939,1453,1477]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2013B09FFC2FFB60747FA51FC64FA42" box="[849,939,1453,1477]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
inhabits small sized permanent streams (ca.
|
||
<quantity id="4CBEF785FFC2FFB60481FA2CFF0BFA6F" box="[151,196,1488,1512]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" unit="m" value="3.0">3 m</quantity>
|
||
width) within primary montane forest with minimal disturbance. The species is active during the night and emits advertisement calls from the tops of small sized ferns, small leaves, and long palm leaves
|
||
<quantity id="4CBEF785FFC2FFB600C8FA08FAE8F98B" box="[1246,1319,1524,1548]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" metricValueMax="6.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" unit="m" value="3.5" valueMax="6.0" valueMin="1.0">1–6 m</quantity>
|
||
above the stream (
|
||
<figureCitation id="137D46E5FFC2FFB604E7F9E4FE8DF9B7" box="[241,322,1560,1584]" captionStart="FIGURE 13" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1659,1682]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1638]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[151,1436,193,1638]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 13. Reproductive activity of Nymphargus lasgralarias sp. nov. and Nymphargus griffithsi. (A, B) Clutch of eggs from N. lasgralarias sp. nov., containing 12 – 36 eggs. (C) Clutch of eggs from N. griffithsi containing 14 eggs. (D) Male of N. lasgralarias sp. nov. calling from a leaf over a stream." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/280691/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Fig. 13</figureCitation>
|
||
D).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4621E3FFC2FFB6057BF9E4FD43F9B7" box="[365,652,1560,1584]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Nymphargus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lasgralarias" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9328672FFC2FFB6057BF9E4FD43F9B7" box="[365,652,1560,1584]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Nymphargus lasgralarias</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B9328672FFC2FFB60685F9E5FD22F9B6" bold="true" box="[659,749,1561,1585]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2013B09FFC2FFB60685F9E5FD22F9B6" box="[659,749,1561,1585]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
occurs sympatrically with the following members of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4621E3FFC2FFB60150F9E4FF27F9D3" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Centrolenidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<emphasis id="B9328672FFC2FFB604EAF9C0FD2FF9D3" box="[252,736,1596,1620]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4621E3FFC2FFB604EAF9C0FE03F9D3" box="[252,460,1596,1620]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Centrolene" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ballux">Centrolene ballux</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4621E3FFC2FFB605CDF9C0FD13F9D3" box="[475,732,1596,1620]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Centrolene" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="heloderma">Centrolene heloderma</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4621E3FFC2FFB606FDF9C0FB4AF9D3" authority="(Duellman 1980)" authorityName="Duellman" authorityYear="1980" baseAuthorityName="Duellman" baseAuthorityYear="1980" box="[747,1157,1596,1620]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Centrolene" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lynchi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9328672FFC2FFB606FDF9C0FC79F9D3" box="[747,950,1596,1620]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Centrolene lynchi</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD72791FFC2FFB607DEF9C0FBB2F9D3" author="Duellman" box="[968,1149,1596,1620]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" refString="Duellman, W. E. (1980) The identity of Centrolenella grandisonae Cochran and Goin (Anura: Centrolenidae). Transactions of the Kansas Academy of Science, 83, 26 - 32." type="journal article" year="1980">Duellman 1980</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4621E3FFC2FFB60081F9C0FE0CF9FF" authority="Lynch & Duellman 1973" authorityName="Lynch & Duellman" authorityYear="1973" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Centrolene" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="peristictum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9328672FFC2FFB60081F9C0FA53F9D3" box="[1175,1436,1596,1620]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Centrolene peristictum</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD72791FFC2FFB60488F99CFE74F9FF" author="Lynch" box="[158,443,1632,1656]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" refString="Lynch, J. D. & Duellman, W. E. (1973) A review of the Centrolenid frogs of Ecuador, with descriptions of new species. The University of Kansas Museum of Natural History Occasional Papers, 16, 1 - 66." type="journal article" year="1973">Lynch & Duellman 1973</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B9328672FFC2FFB605C4F99CFD34F9FF" box="[466,763,1632,1656]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4621E3FFC2FFB605C4F99CFD38F9FF" box="[466,759,1632,1656]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Nymphargus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="grandisonae">Nymphargus grandisonae</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4621E3FFC2FFB60722F99CFBE5F9FF" box="[820,1066,1632,1656]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Nymphargus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="griffithsi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9328672FFC2FFB60722F99CFBE5F9FF" box="[820,1066,1632,1656]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Nymphargus griffithsi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6C46FDBFFC2FFB6002FF99CFB40F9FF" box="[1081,1167,1632,1656]" captionStart="TABLE 3" captionStartId="10.[151,235,1045,1066]" captionText="TABLE 3. Distribution of centrolenid species at various localities (and their elevational range) within Reserva Las Gralarias. A gray box indicates species presence at a particular locality." pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Table 3</tableCitation>
|
||
). Other anuran species sympatric along the creeks include:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4621E3FFC2FFB60652F978FBDEF91B" authority="Duellman 1972" authorityName="Duellman" authorityYear="1972" box="[580,1041,1668,1692]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Hyloscirtus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="alytolylax">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9328672FFC2FFB60652F978FC8FF91B" box="[580,832,1668,1692]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Hyloscirtus alytolylax</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD72791FFC2FFB60745F978FBC6F91B" author="Duellman" box="[851,1033,1668,1692]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" refString="Duellman W. E. (1972) A review of the neotropical frogs of the Hyla bogotensis group. Occasional Papers of the Museum of Natural History of the University of Kansas, 11, 1 - 31." type="journal article" year="1972">Duellman 1972</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4621E3FFC2FFB60032F979FE82F947" authority="Lynch & Duellman 1997" authorityName="Lynch & Duellman" authorityYear="1997" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Pristimantis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="eugeniae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9328672FFC2FFB60032F979FAD1F91B" box="[1060,1310,1669,1692]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Pristimantis eugeniae</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD72791FFC2FFB60124F978FE8AF947" author="Lynch" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" refString="Lynch, J. D. & Duellman, W. E. (1997) Frogs of the genus Eleutherodactylus in western Ecuador: Systematics, ecology, and biogeography. The University of Kansas Museum of Natural History Special Publication, 23, 1 - 236." type="journal article" year="1997">Lynch & Duellman 1997</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4621E3FFC2FFB6054DF955FCDAF947" authority="Lynch 1976" authorityName="Lynch" authorityYear="1976" box="[347,789,1704,1728]" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Pristimantis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="calcarulatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9328672FFC2FFB6054DF955FDB9F947" box="[347,630,1704,1728]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Pristimantis calcarulatus</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD72791FFC2FFB60693F954FCC3F947" author="Lynch" box="[645,780,1704,1728]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" refString="Lynch, J. D. (1976) New species of frogs (Leptodactylidae: Eleutherodactylus) from the Pacific versant of Ecuador. Occasional Papers of the Museum of Natural History, University of Kansas, 55, 1 - 33." type="journal article" year="1976">Lynch 1976</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4621E3FFC2FFB60734F955FB7CF947" authority="Lynch 1976" authorityName="Lynch" authorityYear="1976" box="[802,1203,1704,1728]" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Pristimantis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="parvillus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9328672FFC2FFB60734F955FBDAF947" box="[802,1045,1704,1728]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Pristimantis parvillus</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD72791FFC2FFB60032F954FB64F947" author="Lynch" box="[1060,1195,1704,1728]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" refString="Lynch, J. D. (1976) New species of frogs (Leptodactylidae: Eleutherodactylus) from the Pacific versant of Ecuador. Occasional Papers of the Museum of Natural History, University of Kansas, 55, 1 - 33." type="journal article" year="1976">Lynch 1976</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4621E3FFC2FFB600E6F955FE6BF963" authority="Boettger 1892" authorityName="Boettger" authorityYear="1892" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Pristimantis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="wnigrum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9328672FFC2FFB600E6F955FF27F963" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Pristimantis wnigrum</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD72791FFC2FFB604E0F930FE54F963" author="Boettger" box="[246,411,1740,1764]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" refString="Boettger, O. (1892) Katalog der Batrachier-Sammlung im Museum der Senckenbergischen Naturforschenden Gesellshaft in Frankfurt am Main. Frankfurt a. M.: Gebruder Knauer." type="book" year="1892">Boettger 1892</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF95A60FFC2FFB604DFF90DFD5BF867" blockId="11.[151,1437,1452,2016]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
Eggs are deposited on the tips of leaves over the stream and later expand into a hanging gelatinous mass upon absorption of water. We observed 12–
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D4091E9FFC2FFB6065EF8E8FDABF8AB" box="[584,612,1812,1836]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="egg">36</specimenCount>
|
||
eggs per mass (mean = 25.4 ± 6.0 eggs;
|
||
<emphasis id="B9328672FFC2FFB60029F8E9FB82F8AB" box="[1087,1101,1813,1836]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 23) for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4621E3FFC2FFB600D0F8E9FABDF8AB" box="[1222,1394,1812,1836]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Nymphargus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lasgralarias" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9328672FFC2FFB600D0F8E9FABDF8AB" box="[1222,1394,1812,1836]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">N. lasgralarias</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B9328672FFC2FFB6016CF8E9FF07F8D6" bold="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2013B09FFC2FFB6016CF8E9FF07F8D6" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="137D46E5FFC2FFB604C1F8C4FEE8F8D7" box="[215,295,1848,1872]" captionStart="FIGURE 13" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1659,1682]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1638]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[151,1436,193,1638]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 13. Reproductive activity of Nymphargus lasgralarias sp. nov. and Nymphargus griffithsi. (A, B) Clutch of eggs from N. lasgralarias sp. nov., containing 12 – 36 eggs. (C) Clutch of eggs from N. griffithsi containing 14 eggs. (D) Male of N. lasgralarias sp. nov. calling from a leaf over a stream." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/280691/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Fig. 13</figureCitation>
|
||
A–13B); we observed a single mass of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4621E3FFC2FFB606F5F8C5FCABF8D7" box="[739,868,1848,1872]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Nymphargus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="griffithsi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9328672FFC2FFB606F5F8C5FCABF8D7" box="[739,868,1848,1872]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">N. griffithsi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
eggs containing
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D4091E9FFC2FFB60032F8C4FBB4F8D6" box="[1060,1147,1848,1873]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="egg">14 eggs</specimenCount>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="137D46E5FFC2FFB6009DF8C4FB12F8D7" box="[1163,1245,1848,1872]" captionStart="FIGURE 13" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1659,1682]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1638]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[151,1436,193,1638]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 13. Reproductive activity of Nymphargus lasgralarias sp. nov. and Nymphargus griffithsi. (A, B) Clutch of eggs from N. lasgralarias sp. nov., containing 12 – 36 eggs. (C) Clutch of eggs from N. griffithsi containing 14 eggs. (D) Male of N. lasgralarias sp. nov. calling from a leaf over a stream." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/280691/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Fig. 13</figureCitation>
|
||
C). The quantity of eggs per mass appears to be highly variable. The egg masses were distinguished by continual monitoring of calling male activity and observed close proximity of calling males.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4621E3FFC2FFB6077AF87CFB44F81F" box="[876,1163,1920,1944]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Nymphargus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lasgralarias" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9328672FFC2FFB6077AF87CFB44F81F" box="[876,1163,1920,1944]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Nymphargus lasgralarias</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B9328672FFC2FFB60084F87DFB24F81E" bold="true" box="[1170,1259,1921,1945]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2013B09FFC2FFB60084F87DFB24F81E" box="[1170,1259,1921,1945]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
marks the third species of glassfrog in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3511AF0FFC2FFB60581F858FE3BF83B" box="[407,500,1956,1980]" name="Ecuador" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
|
||
with this egg habit
|
||
<typeStatus id="54FDE4C2FFC2FFB606C6F859FCCFF83A" box="[720,768,1957,1981]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">type</typeStatus>
|
||
(i.e., eggs dangling from the tips of leaves) — after
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4621E3FFC2FFB6015CF859FF00F867" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Nymphargus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="griffithsi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9328672FFC2FFB6015CF859FF00F867" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">N. griffithsi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4621E3FFC2FFB60513F835FD5FF867" authority="Guayasamin et al. 2006" authorityName="Guayasamin et al." authorityYear="2006" box="[261,656,1992,2016]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Nymphargus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="wileyi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9328672FFC2FFB60513F835FEA6F867" box="[261,361,1992,2016]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">N. wileyi</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD72791FFC2FFB60561F834FD47F867" author="Guayasamin" box="[375,648,1992,2016]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" refString="Guayasamin, J. M., Bustamante, M. R., Almeida-Reinoso, D. & Funk, C. W. (2006) Glass frogs (Centrolenidae) of Yanayacu Biological Station, Ecuador, with the description of a new species and comments on centrolenid systematics. Zoological Journal of the Linnaean Society of London, 147, 489 - 513." type="journal article" year="2006">
|
||
Guayasamin
|
||
<emphasis id="B9328672FFC2FFB6061AF835FD8BF867" box="[524,580,1992,2016]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2006
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF390AE8FFC5FFB10481FACDFBA8FAE1" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/280688/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" targetBox="[204,1379,201,1292]" targetPageId="12">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF95A60FFC5FFB10481FACDFBA8FAE1" blockId="12.[151,1436,1329,1382]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9328672FFC5FFB10481FACDFEEEFAC0" bold="true" box="[151,289,1329,1352]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">FIGURE 10.</emphasis>
|
||
Advertisement call of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4621E3FFC5FFB10606FACEFD3FFACF" box="[528,752,1330,1352]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Nymphargus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="griffithsi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9328672FFC5FFB10606FACEFD3FFACF" box="[528,752,1330,1352]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Nymphargus griffithsi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
MZUTI 100. (
|
||
<emphasis id="B9328672FFC5FFB1079BFACEFC50FAC0" bold="true" box="[909,927,1330,1351]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">A</emphasis>
|
||
) Oscillogram. (
|
||
<emphasis id="B9328672FFC5FFB10052FACEFB9AFAC0" bold="true" box="[1092,1109,1330,1351]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">B</emphasis>
|
||
) Audiospectrogram. (
|
||
<emphasis id="B9328672FFC5FFB1012EFACDFA85FACF" bold="true" box="[1336,1354,1329,1352]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">C</emphasis>
|
||
) Power spectrum. Fundamental frequency (darkest and lowest band) and two harmonics are shown in
|
||
<emphasis id="B9328672FFC5FFB10046FAADFBAEFAE1" bold="true" box="[1104,1121,1361,1382]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">B</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF95A60FFC5FFB104DFFA72FB6DF96E" blockId="12.[151,1436,1422,2022]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
The Saloya River basin is the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54FDE4C2FFC5FFB1060EFA73FD87FA20" box="[536,584,1423,1447]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4621E3FFC5FFB106C4FA73FC29FA21" authority="Goin 1961" authorityName="Goin" authorityYear="1961" box="[722,998,1422,1446]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Nymphargus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="griffithsi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9328672FFC5FFB106C4FA73FC9BFA21" box="[722,852,1422,1446]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">N. griffithsi</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD72791FFC5FFB10774FA72FC12FA21" author="Goin" box="[866,989,1422,1446]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" refString="Goin, C. J. (1961) Three new centrolenid frogs from Ecuador. Zoologischer Anzeiger, 166, 95 - 104." type="journal article" year="1961">Goin 1961</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, a locality that is about
|
||
<quantity id="4CBEF785FFC5FFB100F9FA72FAFAFA21" box="[1263,1333,1422,1446]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" unit="km" value="11.0">11 km</quantity>
|
||
from the population of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4621E3FFC5FFB1052EFA4FFE74FA4D" box="[312,443,1458,1482]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Nymphargus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="griffithsi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9328672FFC5FFB1052EFA4FFE74FA4D" box="[312,443,1458,1482]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">N. griffithsi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
at Reserva Las Gralarias (
|
||
<figureCitation id="137D46E5FFC5FFB106F9FA4DFCF9FA4E" box="[751,822,1457,1481]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1122,1145]" captionTargetBox="[165,1426,416,1087]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,409,1105]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Map of the waterways in Reserva Las Gralarias and the surrounding region. The map indicates the observed localities of Nymphargus griffithsi and Nymphargus lasgralarias sp. nov., in addition to the type locality of N. griffithsi at the Saloya River, from Goin (1961)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/280680/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
). These populations are nearly connected through the regional river system — the Canchupi River and Saloya River both flow into the Mindo River connecting the two systems, with ca. a
|
||
<quantity id="4CBEF785FFC5FFB10597FA05FE71F996" box="[385,446,1529,1553]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" unit="km" value="1.0">1 km</quantity>
|
||
gap between the start of the Canchupi River and “Five Frog Creek”. It is unknown whether
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4621E3FFC5FFB104ECF9E3FEB3F9B1" box="[250,380,1566,1590]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Nymphargus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="griffithsi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9328672FFC5FFB104ECF9E3FEB3F9B1" box="[250,380,1566,1590]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">N. griffithsi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4621E3FFC5FFB105A1F9E3FDACF9B1" box="[439,611,1566,1590]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Nymphargus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lasgralarias" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9328672FFC5FFB105A1F9E3FDACF9B1" box="[439,611,1566,1590]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">N. lasgralarias</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B9328672FFC5FFB1067AF9E2FD08F9B1" bold="true" box="[620,711,1566,1590]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2013B09FFC5FFB1067AF9E2FD08F9B1" box="[620,711,1566,1590]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
populations occur in between these two observed localities. At Reserva Las Gralarias,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4621E3FFC5FFB1058CF9BFFDD5F9DD" box="[410,538,1602,1626]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Nymphargus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="griffithsi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9328672FFC5FFB1058CF9BFFDD5F9DD" box="[410,538,1602,1626]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">N. griffithsi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was observed to occur sympatrically with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4621E3FFC5FFB107E0F9BFFB50F9DD" box="[1014,1183,1602,1626]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Nymphargus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lasgralarias" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9328672FFC5FFB107E0F9BFFB50F9DD" box="[1014,1183,1602,1626]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">N. lasgralarias</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B9328672FFC5FFB100B3F9BEFACEF9DD" bold="true" box="[1189,1281,1602,1626]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2013B09FFC5FFB100B3F9BEFACEF9DD" box="[1189,1281,1602,1626]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
at “Five Frog Creek”, “Hercules Giant Tree Frog Creek”, and “
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4621E3FFC5FFB106D0F99AFC8AF9F9" box="[710,837,1638,1662]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Centrolene" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="12" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="heloderma">Heloderma</taxonomicName>
|
||
Creek”. Another conspicuous spatial element is the absence of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4621E3FFC5FFB10503F977FE59F925" box="[277,406,1674,1698]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Nymphargus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="griffithsi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9328672FFC5FFB10503F977FE59F925" box="[277,406,1674,1698]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">N. griffithsi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and presence of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4621E3FFC5FFB10642F977FD31F925" box="[596,766,1674,1698]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Nymphargus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lasgralarias" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9328672FFC5FFB10642F977FD31F925" box="[596,766,1674,1698]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">N. lasgralarias</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B9328672FFC5FFB10712F976FC91F925" bold="true" box="[772,862,1674,1698]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2013B09FFC5FFB10712F976FC91F925" box="[772,862,1674,1698]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
at “Kathy’s Creek”, “Lucy’s Creek”, and the Chalguayacu Grande River, separated from the Santa Rosa River and associated creeks by less than
|
||
<quantity id="4CBEF785FFC5FFB100DFF952FACDF941" box="[1225,1282,1710,1734]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" unit="km" value="1.0">1 km</quantity>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="137D46E5FFC5FFB10104F952FA98F941" box="[1298,1367,1710,1734]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1122,1145]" captionTargetBox="[165,1426,416,1087]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,409,1105]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Map of the waterways in Reserva Las Gralarias and the surrounding region. The map indicates the observed localities of Nymphargus griffithsi and Nymphargus lasgralarias sp. nov., in addition to the type locality of N. griffithsi at the Saloya River, from Goin (1961)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/280680/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
). See
|
||
<figureCitation id="137D46E5FFC5FFB10481F92DFF3AF96E" box="[151,245,1745,1769]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1122,1145]" captionTargetBox="[165,1426,416,1087]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,409,1105]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Map of the waterways in Reserva Las Gralarias and the surrounding region. The map indicates the observed localities of Nymphargus griffithsi and Nymphargus lasgralarias sp. nov., in addition to the type locality of N. griffithsi at the Saloya River, from Goin (1961)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/280680/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Figure 2</figureCitation>
|
||
for a map of the localities and
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6C46FDBFFC5FFB10647F92DFD6BF96E" box="[593,676,1745,1769]" captionStart="TABLE 3" captionStartId="10.[151,235,1045,1066]" captionText="TABLE 3. Distribution of centrolenid species at various localities (and their elevational range) within Reserva Las Gralarias. A gray box indicates species presence at a particular locality." pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Table 3</tableCitation>
|
||
for a detailed species account for each creek.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF95A60FFC5FFB204DFF90AFC79FE9B" blockId="12.[151,1436,1422,2022]" lastBlockId="15.[151,1437,151,645]" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="16" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4621E3FFC5FFB104DFF90AFE71F889" box="[201,446,1782,1806]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Nymphargus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="griffithsi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9328672FFC5FFB104DFF90AFE71F889" box="[201,446,1782,1806]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Nymphargus griffithsi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4621E3FFC5FFB105E3F90BFD50F889" box="[501,671,1782,1806]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Nymphargus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lasgralarias" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9328672FFC5FFB105E3F90BFD50F889" box="[501,671,1782,1806]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">N. lasgralarias</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B9328672FFC5FFB106B1F90AFCCEF889" bold="true" box="[679,769,1782,1806]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2013B09FFC5FFB106B1F90AFCCEF889" box="[679,769,1782,1806]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
differ in timing of reproduction. We observed reproductive activity for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4621E3FFC5FFB1050BF8E7FE06F8B5" box="[285,457,1818,1842]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Nymphargus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lasgralarias" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9328672FFC5FFB1050BF8E7FE06F8B5" box="[285,457,1818,1842]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">N. lasgralarias</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B9328672FFC5FFB105C4F8E6FDE1F8B5" bold="true" box="[466,558,1818,1842]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2013B09FFC5FFB105C4F8E6FDE1F8B5" box="[466,558,1818,1842]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
between
|
||
<date id="FFF87CA0FFC5FFB1068BF8E5FCE0F8B6" box="[669,815,1817,1841]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" value="2011-04-05">5 April 2011</date>
|
||
and
|
||
<date id="FFF87CA0FFC5FFB1077FF8E5FC3CF8B6" box="[873,1011,1817,1841]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" value="2011-07-01">1 July 2011</date>
|
||
. The streams in which this species is present were surveyed several months prior to
|
||
<date id="FFF87CA0FFC5FFB106A4F8C2FC87F8D1" box="[690,840,1854,1878]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" value="2011-04-05">5 April 2011</date>
|
||
, and no calling individuals were observed until that date. Calling activity was initially low, but increased dramatically at the end of April and peaked in the middle of
|
||
<date id="FFF87CA0FFC5FFB10481F87BFEC3F819" box="[151,268,1926,1951]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" value="2011-05">May 2011</date>
|
||
, and slowly fell to a low density of calling males until final observations on
|
||
<date id="FFF87CA0FFC5FFB10061F87AFB31F819" box="[1143,1278,1926,1950]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" value="2011-07-01">1 July 2011</date>
|
||
. We observed reproductive activity for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4621E3FFC5FFB105A6F857FDFEF845" box="[432,561,1962,1986]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Nymphargus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="griffithsi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9328672FFC5FFB105A6F857FDFEF845" box="[432,561,1962,1986]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">N. griffithsi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<date id="FFF87CA0FFC5FFB10661F855FC0DF846" box="[631,962,1961,1985]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" value="2011-02-27" valueMax="2011-04-14" valueMin="2011-02-27">27 February to 14 April 2011</date>
|
||
with the number of calling males remaining low. While these species occur sympatrically, they were never observed to be calling near each other or even in the same stream on the same date. In the sympatric creeks,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4621E3FFC7FFB3072EF901FC76F893" box="[824,953,1788,1812]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Nymphargus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="griffithsi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9328672FFC7FFB3072EF901FC76F893" box="[824,953,1788,1812]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">N. griffithsi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
remained active until
|
||
<date id="FFF87CA0FFC7FFB300AEF907FA99F894" box="[1208,1366,1787,1811]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" value="2011-04-14">14 April 2011</date>
|
||
while
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4621E3FFC7FFB30481F8DDFE8FF8BF" box="[151,320,1824,1848]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Nymphargus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lasgralarias" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9328672FFC7FFB30481F8DDFE8FF8BF" box="[151,320,1824,1848]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">N. lasgralarias</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B9328672FFC7FFB30551F8DCFE6EF8BF" bold="true" box="[327,417,1824,1848]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2013B09FFC7FFB30551F8DCFE6EF8BF" box="[327,417,1824,1848]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
was never observed in active advertisement calling with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4621E3FFC7FFB30037F8DDFB6CF8BF" box="[1057,1187,1824,1848]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Nymphargus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="griffithsi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9328672FFC7FFB30037F8DDFB6CF8BF" box="[1057,1187,1824,1848]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">N. griffithsi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in these creeks before this date. However,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4621E3FFC7FFB30563F8B9FDD0F8DB" box="[373,543,1860,1884]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Nymphargus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lasgralarias" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9328672FFC7FFB30563F8B9FDD0F8DB" box="[373,543,1860,1884]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">N. lasgralarias</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B9328672FFC7FFB30633F8B8FDB0F8DB" bold="true" box="[549,639,1860,1884]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2013B09FFC7FFB30633F8B8FDB0F8DB" box="[549,639,1860,1884]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
was observed advertisement calling beginning on
|
||
<date id="FFF87CA0FFC7FFB300A5F8BFFA8FF8DC" box="[1203,1344,1859,1883]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" value="2011-04-05">5 April 2011</date>
|
||
— only in the creeks it occurred exclusively (
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6C46FDBFFC7FFB3062FF89BFD40F8F8" box="[569,655,1895,1919]" captionStart="TABLE 3" captionStartId="10.[151,235,1045,1066]" captionText="TABLE 3. Distribution of centrolenid species at various localities (and their elevational range) within Reserva Las Gralarias. A gray box indicates species presence at a particular locality." pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Table 3</tableCitation>
|
||
). After
|
||
<date id="FFF87CA0FFC7FFB306F1F89BFCB1F8F8" box="[743,894,1895,1921]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" value="2011-05-14">14 May 2011</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4621E3FFC7FFB3079FF895FBC5F807" box="[905,1034,1896,1920]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Nymphargus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="griffithsi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9328672FFC7FFB3079FF895FBC5F807" box="[905,1034,1896,1920]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">N. griffithsi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
ceased advertisement-calling activity and several days later, male
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4621E3FFC7FFB30612F871FD60F823" box="[516,687,1932,1956]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Nymphargus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lasgralarias" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9328672FFC7FFB30612F871FD60F823" box="[516,687,1932,1956]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">N. lasgralarias</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B9328672FFC7FFB306AEF870FCDBF823" bold="true" box="[696,788,1932,1956]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2013B09FFC7FFB306AEF870FCDBF823" box="[696,788,1932,1956]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
began calling activity while
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4621E3FFC7FFB30075F871FB29F823" box="[1123,1254,1932,1956]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Nymphargus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="griffithsi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9328672FFC7FFB30075F871FB29F823" box="[1123,1254,1932,1956]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">N. griffithsi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
never resumed. Furthermore, the levels of precipitation during reproductive activity of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4621E3FFC7FFB307D6F84CFB78F84F" box="[960,1207,1968,1992]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Nymphargus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="griffithsi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9328672FFC7FFB307D6F84CFB78F84F" box="[960,1207,1968,1992]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Nymphargus griffithsi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4621E3FFC7FFB300E7F84DFA53F84F" box="[1265,1436,1968,1992]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Nymphargus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lasgralarias" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9328672FFC7FFB300E7F84DFA53F84F" box="[1265,1436,1968,1992]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">N. lasgralarias</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B9328672FFC7FFB30481F828FF21F86B" bold="true" box="[151,238,2004,2028]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2013B09FFC7FFB30481F828FF21F86B" box="[151,238,2004,2028]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" rank="species">sp. nov</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
showed a significant difference (T-test:
|
||
<emphasis id="B9328672FFC7FFB306A9F829FD02F86B" box="[703,717,2005,2028]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">p</emphasis>
|
||
<0.001).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4621E3FFC7FFB3075FF828FB8EF86B" box="[841,1089,2004,2028]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Nymphargus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="griffithsi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9328672FFC7FFB3075FF828FB8EF86B" box="[841,1089,2004,2028]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Nymphargus griffithsi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is reproductively active when precipitation is higher (
|
||
<date id="FFF87CA0FFC6FFB205B4FF6BFDA1FF28" box="[418,622,151,175]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" value="2011-02-27">27 February 2011</date>
|
||
until
|
||
<date id="FFF87CA0FFC6FFB206A5FF6BFC98FF28" box="[691,855,151,175]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" value="2011-04-14">14 April 2011</date>
|
||
;
|
||
<quantity id="4CBEF785FFC6FFB20773FF6BFC30FF28" box="[869,1023,151,175]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.135" metricValueMax="4.1899999999999995" metricValueMin="0.08" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" unit="mm" value="21.349999999999998" valueMax="41.9" valueMin="0.8">0.8–41.9 mm</quantity>
|
||
, mean =
|
||
<quantity id="4CBEF785FFC6FFB2007DFF6BFB1BFF28" box="[1131,1236,151,175]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.49" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" unit="mm" value="14.9">14.9 mm</quantity>
|
||
, SD =
|
||
<quantity id="4CBEF785FFC6FFB20131FF6BFA5FFF28" box="[1319,1424,151,175]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1099999999999999" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" unit="mm" value="11.1">11.1 mm</quantity>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4621E3FFC6FFB20481FF40FE79FF53" box="[151,438,188,212]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Nymphargus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lasgralarias" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9328672FFC6FFB20481FF40FE79FF53" box="[151,438,188,212]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Nymphargus lasgralarias</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B9328672FFC6FFB205A8FF40FDD6FF53" bold="true" box="[446,537,188,212]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2013B09FFC6FFB205A8FF40FDD6FF53" box="[446,537,188,212]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
was active from
|
||
<date id="FFF87CA0FFC6FFB206C8FF40FC44FF53" box="[734,907,188,212]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" value="2011-03-17">17 March 2011</date>
|
||
to
|
||
<date id="FFF87CA0FFC6FFB207A7FF40FBFAFF53" box="[945,1077,188,212]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" value="2011-07-01">1 July 2011</date>
|
||
(rainfall =
|
||
<quantity id="4CBEF785FFC6FFB200A1FF40FAF5FF53" box="[1207,1338,188,212]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0949999999999998" metricValueMax="4.1899999999999995" metricValueMin="0.0" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" unit="mm" value="20.95" valueMax="41.9" valueMin="0.0">0–41.9 mm</quantity>
|
||
, mean =
|
||
<quantity id="4CBEF785FFC6FFB20481FF23FF3EFF70" box="[151,241,223,247]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.5" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" unit="mm" value="8.5">8.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
, SD =
|
||
<quantity id="4CBEF785FFC6FFB20555FF23FE51FF70" box="[323,414,223,247]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.6" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" unit="mm" value="9.6">9.6 mm</quantity>
|
||
;
|
||
<figureCitation id="137D46E5FFC6FFB205BAFF23FDCFFF70" box="[428,512,223,247]" captionStart="FIGURE 14" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1330,1353]" captionTargetBox="[163,1427,715,1306]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[151,1436,700,1309]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 14. Average daily rainfall from 17 January 2011 to 1 July 2011, measured in mm. Calling males of Nymphargus griffithsi were observed from 27 February 2011 until 14 April 2011; calling males of N. lasgralarias sp. nov. were observed from 17 March 2011 until 1 July 2011. Rainfall was measured using a weather station on site at the reserve." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/280692/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Fig. 14</figureCitation>
|
||
). Although we suggest differential reproductive timing, we simply may not have observed simultaneous reproductive activity in these or other localities.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF390AE8FFC4FFB00481FB49FE01FA8F" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/280689/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" targetBox="[177,1424,231,1178]" targetPageId="13">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF95A60FFC4FFB00481FB49FE01FA8F" blockId="13.[151,1436,1205,1288]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9328672FFC4FFB00481FB49FED0FB4D" bold="true" box="[151,287,1205,1228]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">FIGURE 11.</emphasis>
|
||
Inter– and intraspecific waveform variation between
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4621E3FFC4FFB00755FB49FB88FB4C" box="[835,1095,1205,1227]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Nymphargus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lasgralarias" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9328672FFC4FFB00755FB49FB88FB4C" box="[835,1095,1205,1227]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Nymphargus lasgralarias</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B9328672FFC4FFB00058FB4AFB50FB4C" bold="true" box="[1102,1183,1206,1227]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2013B09FFC4FFB00058FB4AFB50FB4C" box="[1102,1183,1206,1227]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B9328672FFC4FFB000B9FB49FB2FFB4B" bold="true" box="[1199,1248,1205,1228]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">A–C</emphasis>
|
||
) and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4621E3FFC4FFB0010AFB49FF21FB6D" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Nymphargus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="griffithsi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9328672FFC4FFB0010AFB49FF21FB6D" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Nymphargus griffithsi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B9328672FFC4FFB00516FB28FEE1FB6E" bold="true" box="[256,302,1236,1257]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">D–F</emphasis>
|
||
). Individuals represented:
|
||
<emphasis id="B9328672FFC4FFB00646FB28FDADFB6E" bold="true" box="[592,610,1236,1257]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">A</emphasis>
|
||
= MZUTI 096;
|
||
<emphasis id="B9328672FFC4FFB00705FB28FCEBFB6E" bold="true" box="[787,804,1236,1257]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">B</emphasis>
|
||
= MZUTI 092;
|
||
<emphasis id="B9328672FFC4FFB007C2FB2FFC29FB6D" bold="true" box="[980,998,1235,1258]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">C</emphasis>
|
||
= MZUTI 18839;
|
||
<emphasis id="B9328672FFC4FFB000A6FB28FB0DFB6E" bold="true" box="[1200,1218,1236,1257]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">D</emphasis>
|
||
= MZUTI 100;
|
||
<emphasis id="B9328672FFC4FFB00165FB28FA4BFB6E" bold="true" box="[1395,1412,1236,1257]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">E</emphasis>
|
||
= MZUTI 098;
|
||
<emphasis id="B9328672FFC4FFB00537FB0FFEFFFA8F" bold="true" box="[289,304,1267,1288]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">F</emphasis>
|
||
= MZUTI 101.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF390AE8FFC4FFB00481F867FABDF869" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/280690/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" targetBox="[165,1407,1362,1908]" targetPageId="13">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF95A60FFC4FFB00481F867FABDF869" blockId="13.[151,1436,1947,2031]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9328672FFC4FFB00481F867FEEFF837" bold="true" box="[151,288,1947,1970]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">FIGURE 12.</emphasis>
|
||
Advertisement call variation of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4621E3FFC4FFB00679F867FCBCF836" box="[623,883,1947,1969]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Nymphargus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lasgralarias" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9328672FFC4FFB00679F867FCBCF836" box="[623,883,1947,1969]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Nymphargus lasgralarias</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B9328672FFC4FFB0076CF860FC03F836" bold="true" box="[890,972,1948,1969]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2013B09FFC4FFB0076CF860FC03F836" box="[890,972,1948,1969]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B9328672FFC4FFB007CAF867FC21F837" bold="true" box="[988,1006,1947,1968]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">A</emphasis>
|
||
) One–call series. (
|
||
<emphasis id="B9328672FFC4FFB000A4F860FB0CF836" bold="true" box="[1202,1219,1948,1969]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">B</emphasis>
|
||
) two–call series. (
|
||
<emphasis id="B9328672FFC4FFB00197F867FA5CF835" bold="true" box="[1409,1427,1947,1970]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">C</emphasis>
|
||
) three–call series. (
|
||
<emphasis id="B9328672FFC4FFB00546F846FEADF848" bold="true" box="[336,354,1978,1999]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">D</emphasis>
|
||
) four–call series. (
|
||
<emphasis id="B9328672FFC4FFB00634F846FDFCF848" bold="true" box="[546,563,1978,1999]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">E</emphasis>
|
||
) Advertisement call of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4621E3FFC4FFB00732F846FBCDF857" box="[804,1026,1978,2000]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Nymphargus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="griffithsi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9328672FFC4FFB00732F846FBCDF857" box="[804,1026,1978,2000]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Nymphargus griffithsi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which never occur in a series, for comparison. Individuals represented:
|
||
<emphasis id="B9328672FFC4FFB005FEF825FE35F869" bold="true" box="[488,506,2009,2030]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">A</emphasis>
|
||
= MZUTI 091;
|
||
<emphasis id="B9328672FFC4FFB00689F825FD7FF869" bold="true" box="[671,688,2009,2030]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">B</emphasis>
|
||
= MZUTI 096;
|
||
<emphasis id="B9328672FFC4FFB00743F824FCA8F868" bold="true" box="[853,871,2008,2031]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">C</emphasis>
|
||
= MZUTI 095;
|
||
<emphasis id="B9328672FFC4FFB0001AF825FBD1F869" bold="true" box="[1036,1054,2009,2030]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">D</emphasis>
|
||
= MZUTI 095;
|
||
<emphasis id="B9328672FFC4FFB000D5F825FB1BF869" bold="true" box="[1219,1236,2009,2030]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">E</emphasis>
|
||
= MZUTI 101.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF390AE8FFC7FFB30481F987FD0FF948" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/280691/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" targetBox="[151,1436,193,1638]" targetPageId="14">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF95A60FFC7FFB30481F987FD0FF948" blockId="14.[151,1437,1659,1743]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9328672FFC7FFB30481F987FEEDF916" bold="true" box="[151,290,1659,1682]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">FIGURE 13.</emphasis>
|
||
Reproductive activity of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4621E3FFC7FFB30639F980FCFBF915" box="[559,820,1660,1682]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Nymphargus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lasgralarias" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9328672FFC7FFB30639F980FCFBF915" box="[559,820,1660,1682]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Nymphargus lasgralarias</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B9328672FFC7FFB3072BF980FC5FF916" bold="true" box="[829,912,1660,1681]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2013B09FFC7FFB3072BF980FC5FF916" box="[829,912,1660,1681]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis id="B9328672FFC7FFB307D1F980FB60F915" box="[967,1199,1660,1682]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4621E3FFC7FFB307D1F980FB64F915" box="[967,1195,1660,1682]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Nymphargus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="griffithsi">Nymphargus griffithsi</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B9328672FFC7FFB300A9F980FB3EF916" bold="true" box="[1215,1265,1660,1681]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">A, B</emphasis>
|
||
) Clutch of eggs from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4621E3FFC7FFB304D9F967FEA7F937" box="[207,360,1690,1712]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Nymphargus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lasgralarias" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9328672FFC7FFB304D9F967FEA7F937" box="[207,360,1690,1712]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">N. lasgralarias</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B9328672FFC7FFB30579F967FE09F937" bold="true" box="[367,454,1691,1712]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2013B09FFC7FFB30579F967FE0DF937" box="[367,450,1691,1712]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
containing 12–36 eggs. (
|
||
<emphasis id="B9328672FFC7FFB306DEF966FD15F936" bold="true" box="[712,730,1690,1713]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">C</emphasis>
|
||
) Clutch of eggs from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4621E3FFC7FFB307AAF967FBFDF937" box="[956,1074,1690,1712]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Nymphargus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="griffithsi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9328672FFC7FFB307AAF967FBFDF937" box="[956,1074,1690,1712]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">N. griffithsi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
containing 14 eggs. (
|
||
<emphasis id="B9328672FFC7FFB3011BF967FAD0F937" bold="true" box="[1293,1311,1691,1712]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">D</emphasis>
|
||
) Male of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4621E3FFC7FFB30192F967FEDCF948" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Nymphargus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lasgralarias" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9328672FFC7FFB30192F967FEDCF948" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">N. lasgralarias</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B9328672FFC7FFB3050FF945FEA6F949" bold="true" box="[281,361,1721,1742]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2013B09FFC7FFB3050FF945FEA6F949" box="[281,361,1721,1742]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
calling from a leaf over a stream.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF95A60FFC6FFB204D1FEDBFCE2FE48" blockId="15.[151,1437,151,645]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9328672FFC6FFB204D1FEDBFE6DFEC7" bold="true" box="[199,418,295,320]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Combat behavior.</emphasis>
|
||
Combat behavior has previously been reported by Duellman and Savitzky (1974) for
|
||
<emphasis id="B9328672FFC6FFB20481FEB0FE5AFEE3" box="[151,405,332,356]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4621E3FFC6FFB20481FEB0FE5EFEE3" box="[151,401,332,356]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Nymphargus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="griffithsi">Nymphargus griffithsi</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
They observed the behavior in a stream
|
||
<quantity id="4CBEF785FFC6FFB20772FEB0FC51FEE3" box="[868,926,332,356]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" unit="km" value="9.0">9 km</quantity>
|
||
SE of Tandayapa, Pichincha. With the information at hand, it seems that their observations correspond to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4621E3FFC6FFB2075AFE8DFC39FE0F" box="[844,1014,368,392]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Nymphargus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lasgralarias" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9328672FFC6FFB2075AFE8DFC39FE0F" box="[844,1014,368,392]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">N. lasgralarias</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B9328672FFC6FFB207EBFE8CFB99FE0F" bold="true" box="[1021,1110,368,392]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2013B09FFC6FFB207EBFE8CFB99FE0F" box="[1021,1110,368,392]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
, as they described the advertisement call as a “high pitched peep”, occurring in a series of two calls. Additionally, the illustration in the account does not indicate the presence of dark spots on the dorsum.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C35C09EBFFC6FFB204D1FE20FAA0FD03" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF95A60FFC6FFB204D1FE20FAA0FD03" blockId="15.[151,1437,151,645]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9328672FFC6FFB204D1FE20FE81FE73" bold="true" box="[199,334,476,500]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Etymology.</emphasis>
|
||
The specific epithet
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4621E3FFC6FFB2062DFE20FD0BFE73" box="[571,708,476,500]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Nymphargus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lasgralarias">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9328672FFC6FFB2062DFE20FD0BFE73" box="[571,708,476,500]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">lasgralarias</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is a noun in apposition and refers to the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54FDE4C2FFC6FFB20087FE21FB0EFE72" box="[1169,1217,477,501]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality of the new species, Reserva Las Gralarias (http://www.reservalasgralarias.com). We take pleasure in dedicating this species to the reserve and the team of people, led by Dr. Jane Lyons, for efforts on the conservation of Ecuadorian cloud forests and their commitment and support for research.
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3511AF0FFC6FFB206F5FDB4FCCDFDE7" box="[739,770,584,608]" name="American Samoa" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">As</collectingCountry>
|
||
the English common name for this species, we suggest
|
||
<emphasis id="B9328672FFC6FFB20162FDB5FEB6FD03" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Las Gralarias Glassfrog</emphasis>
|
||
. Moreover, we suggest
|
||
<emphasis id="B9328672FFC6FFB20693FD91FC38FD03" box="[645,1015,620,644]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Rana de cristal de Las Gralarias</emphasis>
|
||
as the common name in Spanish.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |