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<document id="B17A0CDE41DD17B91ADDFFB8EE9DC316" ID-DOI="10.4202/app.00537.2018" ID-ISSN="1732-2421" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10626616" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="karina" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="karina" IM.tables_approvedBy="karina" IM.treatments_approvedBy="karina" checkinTime="1707250101656" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Barattolo, Filippo, Ionesi, Viorel &amp; Ţibuleac, Paul" docDate="2019" docId="03D62622D149FFB4FCE1D9F9FBBDFDCB" docLanguage="en" docName="ActaPalaeontolPol.64.1.85-100.pdf" docOrigin="Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 64 (1)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.4202/app.00537.2018" docStyle="DocumentStyle:E4780F6D34569985EDF9CACFB9BC780E.4:ActaPalaeontolPol.2015-.journal_article" docStyleId="E4780F6D34569985EDF9CACFB9BC780E" docStyleName="ActaPalaeontolPol.2015-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Acetabularia Lamouroux 1812" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="88" masterDocId="FFEF5E5AD14BFFB7FFBFDC47FFC1FFD5" masterDocTitle="A new polyphysacean alga from the Miocene of Romania and its biomineralization" masterLastPageNumber="100" masterPageNumber="85" pageNumber="87" updateTime="1713566278559" updateUser="karina" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:title id="7C0FF1BA278D86DCE46BEDB0B37EBBE6">A new polyphysacean alga from the Miocene of Romania and its biomineralization</mods:title>
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<subSubSection id="C365C4BFD149FFB5FCE1D9F9FA8DFA0F" box="[862,1356,1470,1498]" pageId="2" pageNumber="87" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BC09734D149FFB5FCE1D9F9FA8DFA0F" blockId="2.[862,1356,1470,1498]" box="[862,1356,1470,1498]" pageId="2" pageNumber="87">
<heading id="D0882058D149FFB5FCE1D9F9FA8DFA0F" box="[862,1356,1470,1498]" fontSize="12" level="2" pageId="2" pageNumber="87" reason="3">
Genus
<taxonomicName id="4C7FECB7D149FFB5FC08D9F9FA8DFA0F" ID-CoL="MN8" authority="Lamouroux, 1812" authorityName="Lamouroux" authorityYear="1812" box="[951,1356,1470,1498]" class="Ulvophyceae" family="Polyphysaceae" genus="Acetabularia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Dasycladales" pageId="2" pageNumber="87" phylum="Chlorophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B90B4B26D149FFB5FC08D9F9FB9FFA0F" box="[951,1118,1470,1498]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="87">Acetabularia</emphasis>
Lamouroux, 1812
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C365C4BFD149FFB4FCE1D9ADFBBDFDCB" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="88" pageId="2" pageNumber="87" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BC09734D149FFB5FCE1D9ADFC26F9CE" blockId="2.[862,1535,1514,1563]" pageId="2" pageNumber="87">
<emphasis id="B90B4B26D149FFB5FCE1D9ADFC16FA2A" box="[862,983,1514,1535]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="87">
<typeStatus id="54C42996D149FFB5FCE1D9ADFC4AFA2A" box="[862,907,1514,1535]" pageId="2" pageNumber="87">Type</typeStatus>
species
</emphasis>
:
<taxonomicName id="4C7FECB7D149FFB5FC5AD9ADFAA8FA2A" authority="Linnaeus, 1758" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[997,1385,1514,1535]" class="Anthozoa" family="Oculinidae" genus="Madrepora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scleractinia" pageId="2" pageNumber="87" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="acetabulum">
<emphasis id="B90B4B26D149FFB5FC5AD9ADFB08FA2A" box="[997,1225,1514,1535]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="87">Madrepora acetabulum</emphasis>
Linnaeus, 1758
</taxonomicName>
; Recent, Mediterranean Sea.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC09734D149FFB5FCE1DA69FBE3F932" blockId="2.[862,1535,1582,1959]" pageId="2" pageNumber="87">
<emphasis id="B90B4B26D149FFB5FCE1DA69FC1EF992" box="[862,991,1582,1607]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="87">Remarks.—</emphasis>
The alga consists of a cylindrical stalk terminating, at maturity, with a cap made by a whorl of fertile rays. At the inner end, each fertile ray bears two small convex cushions, one above (corona superior) and one below (corona inferior), and communicates with the stalk by means of a small vestibule.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC09734D149FFB5FC3BDAA9FAB1F872" blockId="2.[862,1535,1582,1959]" pageId="2" pageNumber="87">
The presence of both superior and inferior coronae or of the corona superior only (i.e., absence of corona inferior) is a character of generic importance. Among extant genera,
<taxonomicName id="4C7FECB7D149FFB5FCE1DB09FC33F8B2" authorityName="Lamouroux" authorityYear="1812" box="[862,1010,1870,1895]" class="Ulvophyceae" family="Polyphysaceae" genus="Acetabularia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Dasycladales" pageId="2" pageNumber="87" phylum="Chlorophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B90B4B26D149FFB5FCE1DB09FC33F8B2" box="[862,1010,1870,1895]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="87">Acetabularia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
possesses both superior and inferior coronae, while
<taxonomicName id="4C7FECB7D149FFB5FC1BDB29FBEDF852" authorityName="S. Berger, U. Fettweiss, S. Gleissberg, L. B. Liddle, U. Richter, H. Sawitzky &amp; G. C. Zuccarello" authorityYear="2003" box="[932,1068,1902,1927]" class="Ulvophyceae" family="Polyphysaceae" genus="Parvocaulis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Dasycladales" pageId="2" pageNumber="87" phylum="Chlorophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B90B4B26D149FFB5FC1BDB29FBEDF852" box="[932,1068,1902,1927]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="87">Parvocaulis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C7FECB7D149FFB5FB85DB29FB75F852" authorityName="Solms-Laubach" authorityYear="1895" box="[1082,1204,1902,1927]" class="Ulvophyceae" family="Polyphysaceae" genus="Chalmasia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Dasycladales" pageId="2" pageNumber="87" phylum="Chlorophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B90B4B26D149FFB5FB85DB29FB75F852" box="[1082,1204,1902,1927]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="87">Chalmasia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="4C7FECB7D149FFB5FB4CDB29FAB3F852" baseAuthorityName="Elliott" baseAuthorityYear="1986" box="[1267,1394,1902,1927]" class="Ulvophyceae" family="Dasycladaceae" genus="Halicoryne" kingdom="Plantae" order="Dasycladales" pageId="2" pageNumber="87" phylum="Chlorophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B90B4B26D149FFB5FB4CDB29FAB3F852" box="[1267,1394,1902,1927]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="87">Halicoryne</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
lack the corona inferior (
<bibRefCitation id="EFEEEAC5D149FFB5FC44DBC9FB09F872" author="Berger, S. &amp; Fettweiss, U. &amp; Gleissberg, S. &amp; Liddle, L. B. &amp; Richter, U. &amp; Sawitsky, H. &amp; Zuccarello, G. C." box="[1019,1224,1934,1959]" pageId="2" pageNumber="87" pagination="506 - 561" refId="ref9238" refString="Berger, S., Fettweiss, U., Gleissberg, S., Liddle, L. B., Richter, U., Sawitsky, H., and Zuccarello, G. C. 2003. 18 S rDNA phylogeny and evaluation of cap development in Polyphysaceae (formerly Acetabulariaceae; Dasyladales, Chlorophyta). Phycologia 42: 506 - 561." type="journal article" year="2003">Berger et al. 2003</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFEEEAC5D149FFB5FB6CDBC9FAA5F872" author="Berger, S." box="[1235,1380,1934,1959]" pageId="2" pageNumber="87" pagination="2006" refId="ref9166" refString="Berger, S. 2006. Photo-atlas of living Dasycladales. Carnets de G e ologie 2006 / 02: CG 2006 _ BOOK _ 02, http: // hdl. handle. net / 2042 / 5831." type="journal article" year="2006">Berger 2006</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC09734D148FFB4FF38DCE7FD9FFECC" blockId="3.[98,771,160,1785]" pageId="3" pageNumber="88">
From a structural point of view, coronae have been variously interpreted as (i) expansions of the central stem, (ii) primary laterals together with the basal part, or (iii) as secondary laterals (
<bibRefCitation id="EFEEEAC5D148FFB4FEA6DD47FD93FECC" author="Dumais, J. &amp; Harrison, L. G." box="[281,594,256,281]" pageId="3" pageNumber="88" pagination="281 - 305" refId="ref9494" refString="Dumais, J. and Harrison, L. G. 2000. Whorl morphogenesis in the dasycladalean algae: the pattern formation viewpoint. Philosophical Transactions Royal Society of London, Biological Sciences 355: 281 - 305." type="journal article" year="2000">Dumais and Harrison 2000</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC09734D148FFB4FF38DD67FF1AFD4C" blockId="3.[98,771,160,1785]" pageId="3" pageNumber="88">
According to
<bibRefCitation id="EFEEEAC5D148FFB4FE92DD67FDD9FEEC" author="Berger, S. &amp; Fettweiss, U. &amp; Gleissberg, S. &amp; Liddle, L. B. &amp; Richter, U. &amp; Sawitsky, H. &amp; Zuccarello, G. C." box="[301,536,288,313]" pageId="3" pageNumber="88" pagination="506 - 561" refId="ref9238" refString="Berger, S., Fettweiss, U., Gleissberg, S., Liddle, L. B., Richter, U., Sawitsky, H., and Zuccarello, G. C. 2003. 18 S rDNA phylogeny and evaluation of cap development in Polyphysaceae (formerly Acetabulariaceae; Dasyladales, Chlorophyta). Phycologia 42: 506 - 561." type="journal article" year="2003">Berger et al. (2003)</bibRefCitation>
, morphological and developmental characters of the cap, and molecular data 18
<collectionCode id="ED6E0FF1D148FFB4FF39DD27FF54FEAC" box="[134,149,352,377]" country="Sweden" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15668" name="Department of Botany, Swedish Museum of Natural History" pageId="3" pageNumber="88" type="Herbarium">S</collectionCode>
rDNA), allow
<taxonomicName id="4C7FECB7D148FFB4FEF2DD27FDFCFEAC" box="[333,573,352,377]" class="Ulvophyceae" family="Dasycladaceae" genus="Acicularia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Dasycladales" pageId="3" pageNumber="88" phylum="Chlorophyta" rank="species" species="schenckii">
<emphasis id="B90B4B26D148FFB4FEF2DD27FDFCFEAC" box="[333,573,352,377]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="88">Acicularia schenckii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
to be placed in the
<taxonomicName id="4C7FECB7D148FFB4FF2FDDC7FEE4FE4C" authorityName="Lamouroux" authorityYear="1812" box="[144,293,384,409]" class="Ulvophyceae" family="Polyphysaceae" genus="Acetabularia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Dasycladales" pageId="3" pageNumber="88" phylum="Chlorophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B90B4B26D148FFB4FF2FDDC7FEE4FE4C" box="[144,293,384,409]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="88">Acetabularia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
that also includes
<taxonomicName id="4C7FECB7D148FFB4FDB3DDC7FD3AFE4C" authorityName="C.Agardh" authorityYear="1823" box="[524,763,384,409]" class="Ulvophyceae" family="Polyphysaceae" genus="Polyphysa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Plantae" order="Dasycladales" pageId="3" pageNumber="88" phylum="Chlorophyta" rank="species" species="peniculus">
<emphasis id="B90B4B26D148FFB4FDB3DDC7FD3AFE4C" box="[524,763,384,409]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="88">Polyphysa peniculus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, a species lacking a corona inferior, the absence of which is supposed to be a derived feature (
<bibRefCitation id="EFEEEAC5D148FFB4FDA6DD87FD37FE0C" author="Berger, S. &amp; Fettweiss, U. &amp; Gleissberg, S. &amp; Liddle, L. B. &amp; Richter, U. &amp; Sawitsky, H. &amp; Zuccarello, G. C." box="[537,758,448,473]" pageId="3" pageNumber="88" pagination="506 - 561" refId="ref9238" refString="Berger, S., Fettweiss, U., Gleissberg, S., Liddle, L. B., Richter, U., Sawitsky, H., and Zuccarello, G. C. 2003. 18 S rDNA phylogeny and evaluation of cap development in Polyphysaceae (formerly Acetabulariaceae; Dasyladales, Chlorophyta). Phycologia 42: 506 - 561." type="journal article" year="2003">Berger et al. 2003</bibRefCitation>
). These authors concluded that the genus
<taxonomicName id="4C7FECB7D148FFB4FD84DDA7FD11FE2C" authorityName="Lamouroux" authorityYear="1812" box="[571,720,480,505]" class="Ulvophyceae" family="Polyphysaceae" genus="Acetabularia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Dasycladales" pageId="3" pageNumber="88" phylum="Chlorophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B90B4B26D148FFB4FD84DDA7FD11FE2C" box="[571,720,480,505]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="88">Acetabularia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can be split into two subgenera,
<taxonomicName id="4C7FECB7D148FFB4FE16DE47FDFFFDCC" authorityName="Lamouroux" authorityYear="1812" box="[425,574,512,537]" class="Ulvophyceae" family="Polyphysaceae" genus="Acetabularia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Dasycladales" pageId="3" pageNumber="88" phylum="Chlorophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B90B4B26D148FFB4FE16DE47FDFFFDCC" box="[425,574,512,537]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="88">Acetabularia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, containing only
<taxonomicName id="4C7FECB7D148FFB4FFDDDE67FEC8FDEC" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[98,265,544,569]" class="Anthozoa" family="Oculinidae" genus="Madrepora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scleractinia" pageId="3" pageNumber="88" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="acetabulum">
<emphasis id="B90B4B26D148FFB4FFDDDE67FEC8FDEC" box="[98,265,544,569]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="88">A. acetabulum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="4C7FECB7D148FFB4FEF5DE67FE03FDEC" authorityName="Archiac" authorityYear="1843" box="[330,450,544,569]" class="Ulvophyceae" family="Dasycladaceae" genus="Acicularia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Dasycladales" pageId="3" pageNumber="88" phylum="Chlorophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B90B4B26D148FFB4FEF5DE67FE03FDEC" box="[330,450,544,569]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="88">Acicularia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
including all other species. The former subgenus develops cap rings with congenitally fused cap primordia, the latter subgenus has unfused cap primordia.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC09734D148FFB4FF38DEE7FF21FC6C" blockId="3.[98,771,160,1785]" pageId="3" pageNumber="88">
As discussed below,
<taxonomicName id="4C7FECB7D148FFB4FE2BDEE7FDCCFD6C" authorityName="Archiac" authorityYear="1843" box="[404,525,672,697]" class="Ulvophyceae" family="Dasycladaceae" genus="Acicularia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Dasycladales" pageId="3" pageNumber="88" phylum="Chlorophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B90B4B26D148FFB4FE2BDEE7FDCCFD6C" box="[404,525,672,697]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="88">Acicularia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(with
<typeStatus id="54C42996D148FFB4FDD4DEE7FD5EFD6C" box="[619,671,672,697]" pageId="3" pageNumber="88">type</typeStatus>
species
<taxonomicName id="4C7FECB7D148FFB4FFDDDE87FE92FD0C" authorityName="Archiac" authorityYear="1843" box="[98,339,704,729]" class="Ulvophyceae" family="Dasycladaceae" genus="Acicularia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Dasycladales" pageId="3" pageNumber="88" phylum="Chlorophyta" rank="species" species="pavantina">
<emphasis id="B90B4B26D148FFB4FFDDDE87FE92FD0C" box="[98,339,704,729]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="88">Acicularia pavantina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) should be restricted to fossil aggregates of cysts only. Therefore, extant species of
<taxonomicName id="4C7FECB7D148FFB4FDD0DEA7FCC2FD2C" authorityName="Lamouroux" authorityYear="1812" box="[623,771,736,761]" class="Ulvophyceae" family="Polyphysaceae" genus="Acetabularia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Dasycladales" pageId="3" pageNumber="88" phylum="Chlorophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B90B4B26D148FFB4FDD0DEA7FCC2FD2C" box="[623,771,736,761]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="88">Acetabularia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with unfused cap primordia are better referred to the sectio
<emphasis id="B90B4B26D148FFB4FF33DF67FEECFCEC" box="[140,301,800,825]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="88">Acetabuloides</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFEEEAC5D148FFB4FE85DF67FD83FCEC" author="Solms-Laubach, H." box="[314,578,800,825]" pageId="3" pageNumber="88" pagination="1 - 39" refId="ref10829" refString="Solms-Laubach, H. graf zu 1895. Monograph of the Acetabularieae. Transactions of the Linnean Society of London, 2 nd Series. Botany 5 (1): 1 - 39." type="journal article" year="1895">Solms-Laubach (1895)</bibRefCitation>
, with
<typeStatus id="54C42996D148FFB4FD2CDF67FD04FCEC" box="[659,709,800,825]" pageId="3" pageNumber="88">type</typeStatus>
species
<taxonomicName id="4C7FECB7D148FFB4FF25DF07FE44FC8C" box="[154,389,832,857]" class="Ulvophyceae" family="Polyphysaceae" genus="Acetabularia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Dasycladales" pageId="3" pageNumber="88" phylum="Chlorophyta" rank="species" species="kilneri">
<emphasis id="B90B4B26D148FFB4FF25DF07FE44FC8C" box="[154,389,832,857]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="88">Acetabularia kilneri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, rather than to the fossil genus
<taxonomicName id="4C7FECB7D148FFB4FFDDDF27FF18FCAC" authorityName="Archiac" authorityYear="1843" box="[98,217,864,889]" class="Ulvophyceae" family="Dasycladaceae" genus="Acicularia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Dasycladales" pageId="3" pageNumber="88" phylum="Chlorophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B90B4B26D148FFB4FFDDDF27FF18FCAC" box="[98,217,864,889]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="88">Acicularia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as proposed by
<bibRefCitation id="EFEEEAC5D148FFB4FE34DF27FD92FCAC" author="Berger, S. &amp; Fettweiss, U. &amp; Gleissberg, S. &amp; Liddle, L. B. &amp; Richter, U. &amp; Sawitsky, H. &amp; Zuccarello, G. C." box="[395,595,864,889]" pageId="3" pageNumber="88" pagination="506 - 561" refId="ref9238" refString="Berger, S., Fettweiss, U., Gleissberg, S., Liddle, L. B., Richter, U., Sawitsky, H., and Zuccarello, G. C. 2003. 18 S rDNA phylogeny and evaluation of cap development in Polyphysaceae (formerly Acetabulariaceae; Dasyladales, Chlorophyta). Phycologia 42: 506 - 561." type="journal article" year="2003">Berger et al. 2003</bibRefCitation>
, because extant
<taxonomicName id="4C7FECB7D148FFB4FFDDDFC7FEA9FC4C" authorityName="Mobius" authorityYear="1889" box="[98,360,896,921]" class="Ulvophyceae" family="Polyphysaceae" genus="Acetabularia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Dasycladales" pageId="3" pageNumber="88" phylum="Chlorophyta" rank="species" species="schenckii">
<emphasis id="B90B4B26D148FFB4FFDDDFC7FEA9FC4C" box="[98,360,896,921]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="88">Acetabularia schenckii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is not the
<typeStatus id="54C42996D148FFB4FE5DDFC7FDD5FC4C" box="[482,532,896,921]" pageId="3" pageNumber="88">type</typeStatus>
species of the genus
<taxonomicName id="4C7FECB7D148FFB4FFDDDFE7FF18FC6C" authorityName="Archiac" authorityYear="1843" box="[98,217,928,953]" class="Ulvophyceae" family="Dasycladaceae" genus="Acicularia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Dasycladales" pageId="3" pageNumber="88" phylum="Chlorophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B90B4B26D148FFB4FFDDDFE7FF18FC6C" box="[98,217,928,953]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="88">Acicularia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC09734D148FFB4FF38DF87FBBDFDCB" blockId="3.[98,771,160,1785]" lastBlockId="3.[808,1481,160,542]" pageId="3" pageNumber="88">
<emphasis id="B90B4B26D148FFB4FF38DF87FE88FC0C" box="[135,329,960,985]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="88">Genera included</emphasis>
: Several Cenozoic polyphysacean remains showing evidence of coronae (see review in
<bibRefCitation id="EFEEEAC5D148FFB4FD1CDFA7FEE6FBCC" author="Deloffre, R. &amp; Granier, B." pageId="3" pageNumber="88" pagination="331 - 356" refId="ref9467" refString="Deloffre, R. and Granier, B. 1992. Inventaire critique des algues Dasycladales fossiles. Revue de Paleobiologie 11: 331 - 356." type="journal article" year="1992">Deloffre and Granier 1992</bibRefCitation>
): (i)
<bibRefCitation id="EFEEEAC5D148FFB4FEE7D847FDE9FBCC" author="Andrussow, N." box="[344,552,1024,1049]" pageId="3" pageNumber="88" pagination="77 - 80" refId="ref8761" refString="Andrussow, N. 1887. Eine fossile Acetabularia als gesteinbildender Organismus. Annalen des K. K. Naturhisthistorischen. Hofmuseums Wien 2: 77 - 80." type="journal article" year="1887">Andrussow (1887)</bibRefCitation>
established
<taxonomicName id="4C7FECB7D148FFB4FD0FD847FF6DFBEC" authorityName="Andrussow" authorityYear="1887" class="Ulvophyceae" family="Dasycladaceae" genus="Acicularia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Dasycladales" pageId="3" pageNumber="88" phylum="Chlorophyta" rank="species" species="miocenica">
<emphasis id="B90B4B26D148FFB4FD0FD847FF6DFBEC" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="88">A. miocenica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from the Miocene of the Kerch Peninsula and near Sevastopol (Crimea). Later
<bibRefCitation id="EFEEEAC5D148FFB4FE18D807FD6AFB8C" author="Solms-Laubach, H." box="[423,683,1088,1113]" pageId="3" pageNumber="88" pagination="1 - 39" refId="ref10829" refString="Solms-Laubach, H. graf zu 1895. Monograph of the Acetabularieae. Transactions of the Linnean Society of London, 2 nd Series. Botany 5 (1): 1 - 39." type="journal article" year="1895">Solms-Laubach (1895)</bibRefCitation>
moved the taxon to
<taxonomicName id="4C7FECB7D148FFB4FF4BD827FEAAFBAC" authorityName="Archiac" authorityYear="1843" box="[244,363,1120,1145]" class="Ulvophyceae" family="Dasycladaceae" genus="Acicularia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Dasycladales" pageId="3" pageNumber="88" phylum="Chlorophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B90B4B26D148FFB4FF4BD827FEAAFBAC" box="[244,363,1120,1145]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="88">Acicularia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and renamed it
<taxonomicName id="4C7FECB7D148FFB4FD96D827FE58FB4C" authority="Solms-Laubach, 1895" authorityName="Solms-Laubach" authorityYear="1895" class="Ulvophyceae" family="Dasycladaceae" genus="Acicularia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Dasycladales" pageId="3" pageNumber="88" phylum="Chlorophyta" rank="species" species="andrussowii">
<emphasis id="B90B4B26D148FFB4FD96D827FF5CFB4C" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="88">Acicularia andrussowii</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFEEEAC5D148FFB4FF1BD8C7FE58FB4C" author="Solms-Laubach, H." box="[164,409,1152,1177]" pageId="3" pageNumber="88" pagination="1 - 39" refId="ref10829" refString="Solms-Laubach, H. graf zu 1895. Monograph of the Acetabularieae. Transactions of the Linnean Society of London, 2 nd Series. Botany 5 (1): 1 - 39." type="journal article" year="1895">Solms-Laubach, 1895</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
because of the homonymy with
<taxonomicName id="4C7FECB7D148FFB4FFDDD8E7FE36FB6C" authority="Reuss, 1861" authorityName="Reuss" authorityYear="1861" box="[98,503,1184,1209]" class="Ulvophyceae" family="Dasycladaceae" genus="Acicularia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Dasycladales" pageId="3" pageNumber="88" phylum="Chlorophyta" rank="species" species="miocaenica">
<emphasis id="B90B4B26D148FFB4FFDDD8E7FEA5FB6C" box="[98,356,1184,1209]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="88">Acicularia miocaenica</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFEEEAC5D148FFB4FED1D8E7FE36FB6C" author="Reuss, A. E." box="[366,503,1184,1209]" pageId="3" pageNumber="88" pagination="7 - 10" refId="ref10703" refString="Reuss, A. E. 1861. Uber die fossile Gattung Acicularia d'Arch. Sitzungsberichte Akademie Wissenschaften Wien, Mathematische-Naturwissenshaften Klasse (I) 43: 7 - 10." type="journal article" year="1861">Reuss, 1861</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
<bibRefCitation id="EFEEEAC5D148FFB4FDBAD8E7FF43FB0C" author="Solms-Laubach, H." pageId="3" pageNumber="88" pagination="1 - 39" refId="ref10829" refString="Solms-Laubach, H. graf zu 1895. Monograph of the Acetabularieae. Transactions of the Linnean Society of London, 2 nd Series. Botany 5 (1): 1 - 39." type="journal article" year="1895">Solms-Laubach (1895: 11)</bibRefCitation>
observed
<bibRefCitation id="EFEEEAC5D148FFB4FF40D887FE24FB0C" author="Andrussow, N." box="[255,485,1216,1241]" pageId="3" pageNumber="88" pagination="77 - 80" refId="ref8761" refString="Andrussow, N. 1887. Eine fossile Acetabularia als gesteinbildender Organismus. Annalen des K. K. Naturhisthistorischen. Hofmuseums Wien 2: 77 - 80." type="journal article" year="1887">Andrussows (1887)</bibRefCitation>
material and confirmed the occurrence of double coronae. Here the original attribution to
<taxonomicName id="4C7FECB7D148FFB4FF6ED947FEA4FACC" authorityName="Lamouroux" authorityYear="1812" box="[209,357,1280,1305]" class="Ulvophyceae" family="Polyphysaceae" genus="Acetabularia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Dasycladales" pageId="3" pageNumber="88" phylum="Chlorophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B90B4B26D148FFB4FF6ED947FEA4FACC" box="[209,357,1280,1305]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="88">Acetabularia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is followed: the name
<taxonomicName id="4C7FECB7D148FFB4FDD2D947FEEAFAEC" authority="Andrussow, 1887" authorityName="Andrussow" authorityYear="1887" class="Ulvophyceae" family="Dasycladaceae" genus="Acicularia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Dasycladales" pageId="3" pageNumber="88" phylum="Chlorophyta" rank="species" species="miocenica">
<emphasis id="B90B4B26D148FFB4FDD2D947FCC3FACC" box="[621,770,1280,1305]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="88">A. miocenica</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFEEEAC5D148FFB4FFDDD967FEEAFAEC" author="Andrussow, N." box="[98,299,1312,1337]" pageId="3" pageNumber="88" pagination="77 - 80" refId="ref8761" refString="Andrussow, N. 1887. Eine fossile Acetabularia als gesteinbildender Organismus. Annalen des K. K. Naturhisthistorischen. Hofmuseums Wien 2: 77 - 80." type="journal article" year="1887">Andrussow, 1887</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
is maintained and a
<typeStatus id="54C42996D148FFB4FD93D967FD54FAEC" box="[556,661,1312,1337]" pageId="3" pageNumber="88">lectotype</typeStatus>
is designated (
<bibRefCitation id="EFEEEAC5D148FFB4FF0ED907FEB6FA8C" author="Andrussow, N." box="[177,375,1344,1369]" pageId="3" pageNumber="88" pagination="77 - 80" refId="ref8761" refString="Andrussow, N. 1887. Eine fossile Acetabularia als gesteinbildender Organismus. Annalen des K. K. Naturhisthistorischen. Hofmuseums Wien 2: 77 - 80." type="journal article" year="1887">Andrussow 1887</bibRefCitation>
: text-fig. 1); (ii)
<bibRefCitation id="EFEEEAC5D148FFB4FD81D907FCC2FA8C" author="Squinabol, S." box="[574,771,1344,1369]" pageId="3" pageNumber="88" pagination="151 - 155" refId="ref10864" refString="Squinabol, S. 1902. Di una specie fossile di Acetabularia. Atti e Memorie della R. Accademia di Scienze Lettere ed Arti di Padova 18: 151 - 155." type="journal article" year="1902">Squinabol (1902)</bibRefCitation>
described
<taxonomicName id="4C7FECB7D148FFB4FF68D927FEB2FAAC" authorityName="Squinabol" authorityYear="1902" box="[215,371,1376,1401]" class="Ulvophyceae" family="Polyphysaceae" genus="Acetabularia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Dasycladales" pageId="3" pageNumber="88" phylum="Chlorophyta" rank="species" species="chiavonica">
<emphasis id="B90B4B26D148FFB4FF68D927FEB2FAAC" box="[215,371,1376,1401]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="88">A. chiavonica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from Oligocene beds cropping out along the river Chiavon. This is a classical middle Oligocene fossiliferous horizon (with fishes, crustaceans, and palms) near Vicenza (Northern
<collectingCountry id="F368D7A4D148FFB4FE3BD987FE7AFA0C" box="[388,443,1472,1497]" name="Italy" pageId="3" pageNumber="88">Italy</collectingCountry>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFEEEAC5D148FFB4FE75D987FD01FA0C" author="Giusberti, L. &amp; Roghi, G. &amp; Martinetto, E. &amp; Fornasiero, M. &amp; Simonetto, L." box="[458,704,1472,1497]" pageId="3" pageNumber="88" pagination="206 - 231" refId="ref9804" refString="Giusberti, L., Roghi, G., Martinetto, E., Fornasiero, M., and Simonetto, L. 2014. The Palaeogene flora of northern Italy. In: E. Kustatscher, G. Roghi, A. Bertini, and A. Miola (eds.), Palaeobotany of Italy, 206 - 231. Naturmuseum Sudtirol, Bolzano." type="book chapter" year="2014">Giusberti et al. 2014</bibRefCitation>
). The thin calcified wall shows evidence of both coronae, and fertile rays display no evidence of intracellular mineralization. The specimen in
<bibRefCitation id="EFEEEAC5D148FFB4FE33DA67FD8AF9EC" author="Squinabol, S." box="[396,587,1568,1593]" pageId="3" pageNumber="88" pagination="151 - 155" refId="ref10864" refString="Squinabol, S. 1902. Di una specie fossile di Acetabularia. Atti e Memorie della R. Accademia di Scienze Lettere ed Arti di Padova 18: 151 - 155." type="journal article" year="1902">Squinabol (1902</bibRefCitation>
: text-fig. 2) has been selected as
<typeStatus id="54C42996D148FFB4FE9BDA07FE4CF98C" box="[292,397,1600,1625]" pageId="3" pageNumber="88">lectotype</typeStatus>
by
<bibRefCitation id="EFEEEAC5D148FFB4FE05DA07FD3FF98C" author="Deloffre, R. &amp; Granier, B." box="[442,766,1600,1625]" pageId="3" pageNumber="88" pagination="331 - 356" refId="ref9467" refString="Deloffre, R. and Granier, B. 1992. Inventaire critique des algues Dasycladales fossiles. Revue de Paleobiologie 11: 331 - 356." type="journal article" year="1992">Deloffre and Granier (1992)</bibRefCitation>
; iii)
<taxonomicName id="4C7FECB7D148FFB4FF2DDA27FD04F9AC" authority="Banyai and Morellet, 1936" authorityName="Banyai and Morellet" authorityYear="1936" box="[146,709,1632,1657]" class="Ulvophyceae" family="Dasycladaceae" genus="Acicularia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Dasycladales" pageId="3" pageNumber="88" phylum="Chlorophyta" rank="species" species="transylvana">
<emphasis id="B90B4B26D148FFB4FF2DDA27FE54F9AC" box="[146,405,1632,1657]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="88">Acicularia transylvana</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFEEEAC5D148FFB4FE23DA27FD04F9AC" author="Banyai, J. &amp; Morellet, L." box="[412,709,1632,1657]" pageId="3" pageNumber="88" pagination="168 - 172" refId="ref8938" refString="Banyai, J. and Morellet, L. 1936. Deux Acetabulariacees nouvelles du Sarmatien de Transylvanie. Bulletin de la Section scientifique de l'Academie de Roumanie 17: 168 - 172." type="journal article" year="1936">Bányai and Morellet, 1936</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
from the Sarmatian near Satul Nou (
<collectingCountry id="F368D7A4D148FFB4FE79DAC7FDEEF94C" box="[454,559,1664,1689]" name="Romania" pageId="3" pageNumber="88">Romania</collectingCountry>
) is preserved with a calcareous sheath and mineralized fertile rays, and structures related to coronae are also present (
<bibRefCitation id="EFEEEAC5D148FFB4FD85DA87FD03F90C" author="Genot, P." box="[570,706,1728,1753]" pageId="3" pageNumber="88" refId="ref9600" refString="Genot, P. 1987. Les Chlorophyc e es calcaires du Paleogene d'Europe nord-occidentale - Bassin de Paris, Bretagne, Cotentin, Bassin de Mons. 500 pp. Ph. D. Thesis, Sciences de la Terre, Universite de Nantes, Nantes." type="book" year="1987">Génot 1987</bibRefCitation>
). The presence of intracellular mineralization allowed
<bibRefCitation id="EFEEEAC5D148FFB4FD3CDAA7FCC3F92C" author="Banyai, J. &amp; Morellet, L." box="[643,770,1760,1785]" pageId="3" pageNumber="88" pagination="168 - 172" refId="ref8938" refString="Banyai, J. and Morellet, L. 1936. Deux Acetabulariacees nouvelles du Sarmatien de Transylvanie. Bulletin de la Section scientifique de l'Academie de Roumanie 17: 168 - 172." type="journal article" year="1936">Bányai and</bibRefCitation>
Morellet (1936) to attribute the taxon to
<taxonomicName id="4C7FECB7D148FFB4FB5BDCE7FA9AFF6C" authorityName="Archiac" authorityYear="1843" box="[1252,1371,160,185]" class="Ulvophyceae" family="Dasycladaceae" genus="Acicularia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Dasycladales" pageId="3" pageNumber="88" phylum="Chlorophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B90B4B26D148FFB4FB5BDCE7FA9AFF6C" box="[1252,1371,160,185]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="88">Acicularia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The species resembles
<taxonomicName id="4C7FECB7D148FFB4FC64DC87FA05FF0C" authority="Andrussow, 1887" authorityName="Andrussow" authorityYear="1887" box="[987,1476,192,217]" class="Ulvophyceae" family="Polyphysaceae" genus="Acetabularia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Dasycladales" pageId="3" pageNumber="88" phylum="Chlorophyta" rank="species" species="miocenica">
<emphasis id="B90B4B26D148FFB4FC64DC87FB2EFF0C" box="[987,1263,192,217]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="88">Acetabularia miocenica</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFEEEAC5D148FFB4FB44DC87FA05FF0C" author="Andrussow, N." box="[1275,1476,192,217]" pageId="3" pageNumber="88" pagination="77 - 80" refId="ref8761" refString="Andrussow, N. 1887. Eine fossile Acetabularia als gesteinbildender Organismus. Annalen des K. K. Naturhisthistorischen. Hofmuseums Wien 2: 77 - 80." type="journal article" year="1887">Andrussow, 1887</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, but according to
<bibRefCitation id="EFEEEAC5D148FFB4FC57DCA6FADCFF2F" author="Banyai, J. &amp; Morellet, L." box="[1000,1309,225,250]" pageId="3" pageNumber="88" pagination="168 - 172" refId="ref8938" refString="Banyai, J. and Morellet, L. 1936. Deux Acetabulariacees nouvelles du Sarmatien de Transylvanie. Bulletin de la Section scientifique de l'Academie de Roumanie 17: 168 - 172." type="journal article" year="1936">Bányai and Morellet (1936)</bibRefCitation>
mineralization between the fertile rays is much thinner, the distal ends of the fertile rays are more or less rounded, and gametangia are not arranged in a single row on the upper and the lower side of gametophores. The taxon is here moved to the genus
<taxonomicName id="4C7FECB7D148FFB4FCE7DDC4FC2DFE49" authorityName="Lamouroux" authorityYear="1812" box="[856,1004,387,412]" class="Ulvophyceae" family="Polyphysaceae" genus="Acetabularia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Dasycladales" pageId="3" pageNumber="88" phylum="Chlorophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B90B4B26D148FFB4FCE7DDC4FC2DFE49" box="[856,1004,387,412]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="88">Acetabularia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and maintained the name
<taxonomicName id="4C7FECB7D148FFB4FA9EDDC4FBAEFE68" authority="(Banyai and Morellet, 1936)" baseAuthorityName="Banyai and Morellet" baseAuthorityYear="1936" class="Ulvophyceae" family="Dasycladaceae" genus="Acicularia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Dasycladales" pageId="3" pageNumber="88" phylum="Chlorophyta" rank="species" species="transylvana">
<emphasis id="B90B4B26D148FFB4FA9EDDC4FA08FE49" box="[1313,1481,387,412]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="88">A. transylvana</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFEEEAC5D148FFB4FC8FDDE3FBA6FE68" author="Banyai, J. &amp; Morellet, L." box="[816,1127,420,445]" pageId="3" pageNumber="88" pagination="168 - 172" refId="ref8938" refString="Banyai, J. and Morellet, L. 1936. Deux Acetabulariacees nouvelles du Sarmatien de Transylvanie. Bulletin de la Section scientifique de l'Academie de Roumanie 17: 168 - 172." type="journal article" year="1936">Bányai and Morellet, 1936</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
. The specimen corresponding to the drawings by
<bibRefCitation id="EFEEEAC5D148FFB4FBBADD83FAF4FE08" author="Banyai, J. &amp; Morellet, L." box="[1029,1333,452,477]" pageId="3" pageNumber="88" pagination="168 - 172" refId="ref8938" refString="Banyai, J. and Morellet, L. 1936. Deux Acetabulariacees nouvelles du Sarmatien de Transylvanie. Bulletin de la Section scientifique de l'Academie de Roumanie 17: 168 - 172." type="journal article" year="1936">Bányai and Morellet (1936</bibRefCitation>
: fig. 2) is selected as
<typeStatus id="54C42996D148FFB4FC30DDA2FC39FE2B" box="[911,1016,485,510]" pageId="3" pageNumber="88">lectotype</typeStatus>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFEEEAC5D148FFB4FBBADDA2FAF2FE2B" author="Deloffre, R. &amp; Granier, B." box="[1029,1331,485,510]" pageId="3" pageNumber="88" pagination="331 - 356" refId="ref9467" refString="Deloffre, R. and Granier, B. 1992. Inventaire critique des algues Dasycladales fossiles. Revue de Paleobiologie 11: 331 - 356." type="journal article" year="1992">Deloffre and Granier 1992</bibRefCitation>
); (iv) a fourth new species is described here.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>