275 lines
33 KiB
XML
275 lines
33 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="FE095758941FDC2945502031F40C0927">The genus Pseudolycoriella Menzel & Mohrig, 1998 (Diptera, Sciaridae) in New Zealand</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="2631581486EE14887598ECEC5A469089">Köhler, Arne</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="EF9B6A7DCC5D29A76374994F87260B53">2019</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="6703BB0DAE5E8A1A4C542FA1BD4FD319">4707</mods:number>
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<treatment id="03D43F593643FFDBFF32F8D031FD3D78" ID-GBIF-Taxon="160798354" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D43F593643FFDBFF32F8D031FD3D78" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D43F593643FFDBFF32F8D031FD3D78" lastPageId="47" lastPageNumber="48" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
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<subSubSection id="C367DDC43643FFDBFF32F8D036623A14" lastPageId="47" lastPageNumber="48" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BC28E4F3643FFDAFF32F8D037D63C1C" blockId="46.[151,658,1877,1904]" box="[151,658,1877,1904]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
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<heading id="D08A39233643FFDAFF32F8D037D63C1C" bold="true" box="[151,658,1877,1904]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B909525D3643FFDAFF32F8D037D63C1C" bold="true" box="[151,658,1877,1904]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
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<taxonomicName id="4C7DF5CC3643FFDAFF32F8D037663C1C" ID-CoL="4P24K" authorityName="in Mohrig & Jaschhof" authorityYear="1999" box="[151,546,1877,1904]" class="Insecta" family="Sciaridae" genus="Pseudolycoriella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="macrotegmenta">
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<emphasis id="B909525D3643FFDAFF32F8D037663C1C" bold="true" box="[151,546,1877,1904]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Pseudolycoriella macrotegmenta</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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complex
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BC28E4F3643FFDBFF32F81336623A14" blockId="46.[151,1436,1942,2041]" lastBlockId="47.[151,1437,153,1547]" lastPageId="47" lastPageNumber="48" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
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Thirteen of the species examined during this study have a very similar hypopygia structure. The number of gonostylar spines, ranging from four to ten, is greater than in most other
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<taxonomicName id="4C7DF5CC3643FFDAFC3EF83F311D3CA7" authority="Menzel & Mohrig, 1998" authorityName="Menzel & Mohrig" authorityYear="1998" box="[923,1113,1978,2004]" class="Insecta" family="Sciaridae" genus="Pseudolycoriella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B909525D3643FFDAFC3EF83F311D3CA7" box="[923,1113,1978,2004]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Pseudolycoriella</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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species. The length of those spines is also reduced. Consequently, the spines are very difficult to distinguish from the surrounding setae at the apex of the gonostylus. The apical whip-lash hair is also mostly reduced in length, and in several species two or even three hairs are present. The tegmen possesses a variety of unique characters. Some species bear teeth on the lateral margin of the tegmen (
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<emphasis id="B909525D3642FFDBFE38FF6434E93B88" box="[413,429,225,251]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">lt</emphasis>
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in
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<figureCitation id="134692CA3642FFDBFE76FF6437623B88" box="[467,550,224,251]" captionStart="FIGURES 48–53" captionStartId="51.[151,264,1910,1935]" captionTargetBox="[214,1380,192,1880]" captionTargetId="figure@51.[204,1384,181,1884]" captionTargetPageId="51" captionText="FIGURES 48–53. Pseudolycoriella macrotegmenta complex, hypopygia. 48. Pseudolycoriella macrotegmenta Mohrig 49. Pseudolycoriella plicitegmenta sp. n. 50. Pseudolycoriella wernermohrigi sp. n. 51. Pseudolycoriella huttoni sp. n. 52. Pseudolycoriella gonotegmenta sp. n. 53. Pseudolycoriella subtilitegmenta sp. n. Abbreviations: ba = basal angle; ds = dorsal structure on the tegmen; lt = teeth on lateral side of the tegmen." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3587173" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3587173/files/figure.png" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Fig. 52</figureCitation>
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). In the most derived state these teeth cover the whole apicolateral part of the tegmen (
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<figureCitation id="134692CA3642FFDBFF5DFE8034093A53" box="[248,333,261,288]" captionStart="FIGURES 55–60" captionStartId="59.[151,264,1937,1962]" captionTargetBox="[210,1373,179,1913]" captionTargetId="figure@59.[203,1384,166,1917]" captionTargetPageId="59" captionText="FIGURES 55–60. Pseudolycoriella macrotegmenta complex, hypopygia. 55. Pseudolycoriella fiordlandia sp. n. 56. Pseudolycoriella jaschhofi sp. n. 57. Pseudolycoriella frederickedwardsi Köhler 58. Pseudolycoriella tonnoiri Köhler 59. Pseudolycoriella breviseta Mohrig 60. Pseudolycoriella dentitegmenta sp. n." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3587175" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3587175/files/figure.png" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Fig. 60</figureCitation>
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). On the dorsal side of the tegmen of some species there are creases arising from the outer base and converging towards the apex. These dorsal structures (
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<emphasis id="B909525D3642FFDBFD5DFEAC36553A30" box="[760,785,297,323]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">ds</emphasis>
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in
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<figureCitation id="134692CA3642FFDBFC91FEAC36C13A30" box="[820,901,296,323]" captionStart="FIGURES 48–53" captionStartId="51.[151,264,1910,1935]" captionTargetBox="[214,1380,192,1880]" captionTargetId="figure@51.[204,1384,181,1884]" captionTargetPageId="51" captionText="FIGURES 48–53. Pseudolycoriella macrotegmenta complex, hypopygia. 48. Pseudolycoriella macrotegmenta Mohrig 49. Pseudolycoriella plicitegmenta sp. n. 50. Pseudolycoriella wernermohrigi sp. n. 51. Pseudolycoriella huttoni sp. n. 52. Pseudolycoriella gonotegmenta sp. n. 53. Pseudolycoriella subtilitegmenta sp. n. Abbreviations: ba = basal angle; ds = dorsal structure on the tegmen; lt = teeth on lateral side of the tegmen." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3587173" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3587173/files/figure.png" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Fig. 52</figureCitation>
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) can vary in length and number. The phylogeny of the
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<emphasis id="B909525D3642FFDBFF7AFEC834473A14" box="[223,259,333,359]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Psl</emphasis>
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.
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<taxonomicName id="4C7DF5CC3642FFDBFEB5FECB34F93A14" authorityName="in Mohrig & Jaschhof" authorityYear="1999" box="[272,445,334,359]" class="Insecta" family="Sciaridae" genus="Pseudolycoriella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="macrotegmenta">
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<emphasis id="B909525D3642FFDBFEB5FECB34F93A14" box="[272,445,334,359]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">macrotegmenta</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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complex is shown in
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<figureCitation id="134692CA3642FFDBFD16FEC836663A14" box="[691,802,333,359]" captionStart="FIGURE 61" captionStartId="63.[151,250,1859,1884]" captionTargetBox="[218,1376,171,1833]" captionTargetId="figure@63.[210,1377,166,1839]" captionTargetPageId="63" captionText="FIGURE 61. Phylogenetic tree of the New Zealand Pseudolycoriella species inferred from Maximum Likelihood analysis based on three concatenated genes (COI, 16S, and 28S; total length 3,053 bp) applying the model GTR+F+R4. Ultrafast bootstrap values (UFBoot; 1,000 replicates) are given if these values are greater than or equal to 95%. Intraspecific UFBoot values are not specified. Pseudolycoriella species without available genetic data are also inserted and assigned to a species complex according to the morphological results." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3587177" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3587177/files/figure.png" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Figure 61</figureCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C367DDC43642FFDBFF62FEF531FD3D78" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="8BC28E4F3642FFDBFF62FEF531FD3D78" blockId="47.[151,1437,153,1547]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
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<emphasis id="B909525D3642FFDBFF62FEF534083AF8" bold="true" box="[199,332,368,395]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Discussion.</emphasis>
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An assignment of this assemblage of species to one of the existing species groups of
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<taxonomicName id="4C7DF5CC3642FFDBFB5AFEF435853ADC" class="Insecta" family="Sciaridae" genus="Pseudolycoriella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B909525D3642FFDBFB5AFEF435853ADC" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Pseudolycoriella</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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was not possible, as already mentioned by
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<bibRefCitation id="EFECF3BE3642FFDBFD38FE1036F43AC3" author="Kohler, A. & Mohrig, W." box="[669,944,405,432]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" pagination="91 - 109" refId="ref58314" refString="Kohler, A. & Mohrig, W. (2016) Additions to the New Zealand fauna of black fungus gnats (Diptera: Sciaridae), with descriptions of six new species. New Zealand Entomologist, 39 (2), 91 - 109. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00779962.2016.1153233" type="journal article" year="2016">Köhler & Mohrig (2016)</bibRefCitation>
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for
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<emphasis id="B909525D3642FFDBFC79FE1031443ADC" box="[988,1024,405,431]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Psl</emphasis>
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.
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<taxonomicName id="4C7DF5CC3642FFDBFBA8FE1031933ADC" box="[1037,1239,405,431]" class="Insecta" family="Sciaridae" genus="Pseudolycoriella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="frederickedwardsi">
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<emphasis id="B909525D3642FFDBFBA8FE1031933ADC" box="[1037,1239,405,431]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">frederickedwardsi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<emphasis id="B909525D3642FFDBFAAFFE10306A3ADC" box="[1290,1326,405,431]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Psl</emphasis>
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.
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<taxonomicName id="4C7DF5CC3642FFDBFA9EFE1330D13ADC" authorityName="Kohler" authorityYear="2016" box="[1339,1429,406,431]" class="Insecta" family="Sciaridae" genus="Pseudolycoriella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tonnoiri">
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<emphasis id="B909525D3642FFDBFA9EFE1330D13ADC" box="[1339,1429,406,431]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">tonnoiri</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. With the bulging prefrons and clypeus, and the ground plan of the tibial organ this species complex is undoubtedly part of the genus
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<taxonomicName id="4C7DF5CC3642FFDBFEFFFE58375C3A84" box="[346,536,477,503]" class="Insecta" family="Sciaridae" genus="Pseudolycoriella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B909525D3642FFDBFEFFFE58375C3A84" box="[346,536,477,503]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Pseudolycoriella</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. The increase in the number of gonostylar spines and the reduction of the length and the multiplication of the whip-lash hair can be considered to be morphological evidence for the monophyly of the
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<emphasis id="B909525D3642FFDBFF40FDA0344D394C" box="[229,265,549,575]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Psl</emphasis>
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.
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<taxonomicName id="4C7DF5CC3642FFDBFEBCFDA33482394C" authorityName="in Mohrig & Jaschhof" authorityYear="1999" box="[281,454,550,575]" class="Insecta" family="Sciaridae" genus="Pseudolycoriella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="macrotegmenta">
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<emphasis id="B909525D3642FFDBFEBCFDA33482394C" box="[281,454,550,575]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">macrotegmenta</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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complex. The result of the molecular analysis also strongly supports the monophyly (
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<figureCitation id="134692CA3642FFDBFF05FDCC35B73917" box="[160,243,585,612]" captionStart="FIGURE 61" captionStartId="63.[151,250,1859,1884]" captionTargetBox="[218,1376,171,1833]" captionTargetId="figure@63.[210,1377,166,1839]" captionTargetPageId="63" captionText="FIGURE 61. Phylogenetic tree of the New Zealand Pseudolycoriella species inferred from Maximum Likelihood analysis based on three concatenated genes (COI, 16S, and 28S; total length 3,053 bp) applying the model GTR+F+R4. Ultrafast bootstrap values (UFBoot; 1,000 replicates) are given if these values are greater than or equal to 95%. Intraspecific UFBoot values are not specified. Pseudolycoriella species without available genetic data are also inserted and assigned to a species complex according to the morphological results." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3587177" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3587177/files/figure.png" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Fig. 61</figureCitation>
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). With the numerous gonostylar spines and the reduction of the length of the whip-lash hair the
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<emphasis id="B909525D3642FFDBFABEFDCC307B3910" box="[1307,1343,585,611]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Psl</emphasis>
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.
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<taxonomicName id="4C7DF5CC3642FFDBFAE9FDCF35BA39F4" authorityName="in Mohrig & Jaschhof" authorityYear="1999" class="Insecta" family="Sciaridae" genus="Pseudolycoriella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="macrotegmenta">
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<emphasis id="B909525D3642FFDBFAE9FDCF35BA39F4" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">macrotegmenta</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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complex resembles the
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<emphasis id="B909525D3642FFDBFDA2FDE8376F39F4" box="[519,555,621,647]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Psl</emphasis>
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||
.
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<emphasis id="B909525D3642FFDBFD92FDE8379339F4" box="[567,727,621,647]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">quadrispinosa</emphasis>
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group from
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<collectingCountry id="F36ACEDF3642FFDBFCC5FDE8317239F4" box="[864,1078,621,647]" name="Papua New Guinea" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Papua New Guinea</collectingCountry>
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(Mohrig 2013). However, in the
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<emphasis id="B909525D3642FFDBFF32FD1435FF39D8" box="[151,187,657,683]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Psl</emphasis>
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||
.
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<emphasis id="B909525D3642FFDBFF6CFD14342D39D8" box="[201,361,657,683]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">quadrispinosa</emphasis>
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group the gonostylar spines are easily distinguishable from the surrounding setae and the whiplash hair is lost, except in
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<emphasis id="B909525D3642FFDBFE64FD3034A139BC" box="[449,485,693,719]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Psl</emphasis>
|
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.
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<emphasis id="B909525D3642FFDBFE51FD30371F39BC" box="[500,603,693,719]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">bitorquia</emphasis>
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Mohrig where a small whip-lash hair persists. In the
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<emphasis id="B909525D3642FFDBFB19FD3031A439BC" box="[1212,1248,693,719]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Psl</emphasis>
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.
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<taxonomicName id="4C7DF5CC3642FFDBFB4AFD3330D839BC" authorityName="in Mohrig & Jaschhof" authorityYear="1999" box="[1263,1436,694,719]" class="Insecta" family="Sciaridae" genus="Pseudolycoriella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="macrotegmenta">
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<emphasis id="B909525D3642FFDBFB4AFD3330D839BC" box="[1263,1436,694,719]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">macrotegmenta</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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complex the spines are not as easy to distinguish from the surrounding setae and the whip-lash hair is never completely reduced, only shortened. Further, several species of the
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<emphasis id="B909525D3642FFDBFCC0FD7836CD3864" box="[869,905,765,791]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Psl</emphasis>
|
||
.
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<taxonomicName id="4C7DF5CC3642FFDBFC3DFD7B31013864" authorityName="in Mohrig & Jaschhof" authorityYear="1999" box="[920,1093,766,791]" class="Insecta" family="Sciaridae" genus="Pseudolycoriella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="macrotegmenta">
|
||
<emphasis id="B909525D3642FFDBFC3DFD7B31013864" box="[920,1093,766,791]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">macrotegmenta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
complex possess two or three whip-lash hairs. Thus, the gonostylar spines and the whip-lash hair(s) do not necessarily share the same taxonomic value and it is likely that their appearance is a result of convergence. Another similar species is
|
||
<emphasis id="B909525D3642FFDBFB4FFCC0304A382C" box="[1258,1294,837,863]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Psl</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7DF5CC3642FFDBFABBFCC035AF38F0" authority="Mohrig" authorityName="Mohrig" class="Insecta" family="Sciaridae" genus="Pseudolycoriella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="curvimedia">
|
||
<emphasis id="B909525D3642FFDBFABBFCC030D8382C" box="[1310,1436,837,863]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">curvimedia</emphasis>
|
||
Mohrig
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
& Rulik—a species recorded from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F36ACEDF3642FFDBFDD3FCEC365E38F0" box="[630,794,873,899]" name="Dominican Republic" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">the Dominican</collectingCountry>
|
||
Republic. It also has a similar pattern of spines on the gonostylus. However, there are other characters that differ significantly from those in the
|
||
<emphasis id="B909525D3642FFDBFBFDFC08313838D4" box="[1112,1148,909,935]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Psl</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7DF5CC3642FFDBFB2CFC0B307238D4" authorityName="in Mohrig & Jaschhof" authorityYear="1999" box="[1161,1334,910,935]" class="Insecta" family="Sciaridae" genus="Pseudolycoriella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="macrotegmenta">
|
||
<emphasis id="B909525D3642FFDBFB2CFC0B307238D4" box="[1161,1334,910,935]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">macrotegmenta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
complex and therefore do not support integration into the
|
||
<emphasis id="B909525D3642FFDBFD0AFC34379738B8" box="[687,723,945,971]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Psl</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7DF5CC3642FFDBFD45FC3736C938B8" authorityName="in Mohrig & Jaschhof" authorityYear="1999" box="[736,909,946,971]" class="Insecta" family="Sciaridae" genus="Pseudolycoriella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="macrotegmenta">
|
||
<emphasis id="B909525D3642FFDBFD45FC3736C938B8" box="[736,909,946,971]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">macrotegmenta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
complex. The flagellomeres of
|
||
<emphasis id="B909525D3642FFDBFB48FC34305538B8" box="[1261,1297,945,971]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Psl</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7DF5CC3642FFDBFABBFC3430D838B8" box="[1310,1436,945,971]" class="Insecta" family="Sciaridae" genus="Pseudolycoriella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="curvimedia">
|
||
<emphasis id="B909525D3642FFDBFABBFC3430D838B8" box="[1310,1436,945,971]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">curvimedia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
have a rather smooth surface (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFECF3BE3642FFDBFE48FC50378D389C" author="Mohrig, W. & Roschmann, F. & Rulik, B." box="[493,713,981,1007]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" pagination="267 - 331" refId="ref59662" refString="Mohrig, W., Roschmann, F. & Rulik, B. (2004) The fauna of scarid flies from the Dominican Republic (Diptera, Sciaridae). Beitrage zur Entomologie, 54 (2), 267 - 331. https: // doi. org / 10.21248 / contrib. entomol. 54.2.267 - 331" type="journal article" year="2004">
|
||
Mohrig
|
||
<emphasis id="B909525D3642FFDBFDEEFC53373A389C" box="[587,638,981,1007]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2004
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), while those of the species of
|
||
<emphasis id="B909525D3642FFDBFB8CFC503109389C" box="[1065,1101,981,1007]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Psl</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7DF5CC3642FFDBFBF9FC53304D389C" authorityName="in Mohrig & Jaschhof" authorityYear="1999" box="[1116,1289,982,1007]" class="Insecta" family="Sciaridae" genus="Pseudolycoriella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="macrotegmenta">
|
||
<emphasis id="B909525D3642FFDBFBF9FC53304D389C" box="[1116,1289,982,1007]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">macrotegmenta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
complex are rough with deep pits. Also, the wing venation of
|
||
<emphasis id="B909525D3642FFDBFD65FC7C37A03F60" box="[704,740,1017,1043]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Psl</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7DF5CC3642FFDBFD57FC7C36343F60" box="[754,880,1017,1043]" class="Insecta" family="Sciaridae" genus="Pseudolycoriella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="curvimedia">
|
||
<emphasis id="B909525D3642FFDBFD57FC7C36343F60" box="[754,880,1017,1043]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">curvimedia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is very aberrant in comparison to representatives of the
|
||
<emphasis id="B909525D3642FFDBFF79FB9834443F44" box="[220,256,1053,1079]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Psl</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7DF5CC3642FFDBFEA8FB9B34FE3F44" authorityName="in Mohrig & Jaschhof" authorityYear="1999" box="[269,442,1054,1079]" class="Insecta" family="Sciaridae" genus="Pseudolycoriella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="macrotegmenta">
|
||
<emphasis id="B909525D3642FFDBFEA8FB9B34FE3F44" box="[269,442,1054,1079]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">macrotegmenta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
complex.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7DF5CC3642FFDBFD88FB98362B3F44" box="[557,879,1053,1079]" class="Insecta" family="Sciaridae" genus="Pseudolycoriella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="curvimedia">
|
||
<emphasis id="B909525D3642FFDBFD88FB98362B3F44" box="[557,879,1053,1079]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Pseudolycoriella curvimedia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
shows a very short R
|
||
<subScript id="17F98C0A3642FFDBFBFEFBAB31273F4F" attach="left" box="[1115,1123,1070,1084]" fontSize="6" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">1</subScript>
|
||
that only comprises a fourth of R, a very unusual M-fork, and a nearly rectangularly bent CuA
|
||
<subScript id="17F98C0A3642FFDBFCC9FBD736303F13" attach="left" box="[876,884,1106,1120]" fontSize="6" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">2</subScript>
|
||
. Furthermore, the gonocoxites of
|
||
<emphasis id="B909525D3642FFDBFB48FBC430553F28" box="[1261,1297,1089,1115]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Psl</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7DF5CC3642FFDBFABBFBC430D83F28" box="[1310,1436,1089,1115]" class="Insecta" family="Sciaridae" genus="Pseudolycoriella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="curvimedia">
|
||
<emphasis id="B909525D3642FFDBFABBFBC430D83F28" box="[1310,1436,1089,1115]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">curvimedia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are fused ventrally, while they are widely separated in the
|
||
<emphasis id="B909525D3642FFDBFC83FBE0360E3F0C" box="[806,842,1125,1151]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Psl</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7DF5CC3642FFDBFCFDFBE331413F0C" authorityName="in Mohrig & Jaschhof" authorityYear="1999" box="[856,1029,1126,1151]" class="Insecta" family="Sciaridae" genus="Pseudolycoriella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="macrotegmenta">
|
||
<emphasis id="B909525D3642FFDBFCFDFBE331413F0C" box="[856,1029,1126,1151]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">macrotegmenta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
complex. Another similar species is the Australian
|
||
<emphasis id="B909525D3642FFDBFE9BFB0C34263FD0" box="[318,354,1161,1187]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Psl</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B909525D3642FFDBFED4FB0C34AD3FD0" box="[369,489,1161,1187]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">rubroalata</emphasis>
|
||
Mohrig, Kauschke & Broadley, which also bears eight to ten short spines (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFECF3BE3642FFDBFAE3FB0C34523FB4" author="Mohrig, W. & Kauschke, E. & Broadley, A." pageId="47" pageNumber="48" pagination="203 - 241" refId="ref59525" refString="Mohrig, W., Kauschke, E. & Broadley, A. (2018) New black fungus gnats (Diptera: Sciaridae) from Eastern Australia. Zootaxa, 4450 (2), 203 - 241. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4450.2.3" type="journal article" year="2018">
|
||
Mohrig
|
||
<emphasis id="B909525D3642FFDBFF32FB2B358E3FB4" box="[151,202,1197,1223]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2018
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), but shows none of the characters on the tegmen that occur in the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F36ACEDF3642FFDBFBBEFB2831F63FB4" box="[1051,1202,1197,1223]" name="New Zealand" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
|
||
<emphasis id="B909525D3642FFDBFB1EFB28319B3FB4" box="[1211,1247,1197,1223]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Psl</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7DF5CC3642FFDBFB4AFB2B30D83FB4" authorityName="in Mohrig & Jaschhof" authorityYear="1999" box="[1263,1436,1198,1223]" class="Insecta" family="Sciaridae" genus="Pseudolycoriella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="macrotegmenta">
|
||
<emphasis id="B909525D3642FFDBFB4AFB2B30D83FB4" box="[1263,1436,1198,1223]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">macrotegmenta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
complex. However, without an accurate examination, preferably incorporating genetic analyses, a well-founded conclusion about the relationship of the
|
||
<emphasis id="B909525D3642FFDBFDF9FB7037C43E7C" box="[604,640,1269,1295]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Psl</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B909525D3642FFDBFD2BFB70366A3E7C" box="[654,814,1269,1295]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">quadrispinosa</emphasis>
|
||
group,
|
||
<emphasis id="B909525D3642FFDBFC23FB7036EE3E7C" box="[902,938,1269,1295]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Psl</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7DF5CC3642FFDBFC1DFB7031723E7C" box="[952,1078,1269,1295]" class="Insecta" family="Sciaridae" genus="Pseudolycoriella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="curvimedia">
|
||
<emphasis id="B909525D3642FFDBFC1DFB7031723E7C" box="[952,1078,1269,1295]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">curvimedia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<emphasis id="B909525D3642FFDBFBD1FB7031DC3E7C" box="[1140,1176,1269,1295]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Psl</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B909525D3642FFDBFB02FB70305B3E7C" box="[1191,1311,1269,1295]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">rubroalata</emphasis>
|
||
to the species of the
|
||
<emphasis id="B909525D3642FFDBFEABFA9C34763E40" box="[270,306,1305,1331]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Psl</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7DF5CC3642FFDBFE9AFA9F34A83E40" authorityName="in Mohrig & Jaschhof" authorityYear="1999" box="[319,492,1306,1331]" class="Insecta" family="Sciaridae" genus="Pseudolycoriella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="macrotegmenta">
|
||
<emphasis id="B909525D3642FFDBFE9AFA9F34A83E40" box="[319,492,1306,1331]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">macrotegmenta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
complex is not possible. Until such an examination, it remains unclear whether these species belong to the
|
||
<emphasis id="B909525D3642FFDBFE2FFAB834EA3E24" box="[394,430,1341,1367]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Psl</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7DF5CC3642FFDBFE19FABB372D3E24" authorityName="in Mohrig & Jaschhof" authorityYear="1999" box="[444,617,1342,1367]" class="Insecta" family="Sciaridae" genus="Pseudolycoriella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="macrotegmenta">
|
||
<emphasis id="B909525D3642FFDBFE19FABB372D3E24" box="[444,617,1342,1367]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">macrotegmenta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
complex or whether the similar patterns of gonostylar spines are a result of convergence. Nevertheless, it can be stated that surely these species do not belong to the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F36ACEDF3642FFDBFB13FAE430093E08" box="[1206,1357,1377,1403]" name="New Zealand" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
|
||
crown group of the
|
||
<emphasis id="B909525D3642FFDBFE83FA00340E3EEC" box="[294,330,1413,1439]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Psl</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7DF5CC3642FFDBFEF2FA0337403EEC" authorityName="in Mohrig & Jaschhof" authorityYear="1999" box="[343,516,1414,1439]" class="Insecta" family="Sciaridae" genus="Pseudolycoriella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="macrotegmenta">
|
||
<emphasis id="B909525D3642FFDBFEF2FA0337403EEC" box="[343,516,1414,1439]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">macrotegmenta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
complex. The combination of an increased number of reduced (i.e. thinner) spines and flagellomeres with a pitted surface can be held to be a synapomorphy for the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F36ACEDF3642FFDBFBE6FA2C319F3EB0" box="[1091,1243,1449,1475]" name="New Zealand" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
|
||
members of this complex. Apart from the morphological considerations noted above, the very small genetic distances between the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F36ACEDF3642FFDBFF32FA7434693D78" box="[151,301,1521,1547]" name="New Zealand" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
|
||
representatives of this complex indicate a more recent radiation of these species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |