299 lines
41 KiB
XML
299 lines
41 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="1CFE5CEC15813752E867676C60257688">Synopsis of the Snakes of the Philippines A Synthesis of Data from Biodiversity Repositories, Field Studies, and the Literature</mods:title>
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<mods:affiliation id="57246EAD77C45C18008F1FF3293EA8D5">Herpetology Division, Institute of Biodiversity Science & Sustainibility, California Academy of Sciences, 55 Music Concourse Drive, San Francisco, California 94118 & Research Associate, Division of Amphibians & Reptiles, Department of Vertebrate Zoology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC, USA.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="795DD4B5E3741ABDB8770352A1A2DACE">Siler, Cameron D.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="270340BF04B27A30E42966AA5E792A50">Department of Biology and Sam Noble Museum, University of Oklahoma, 2401 Chautauqua Ave., Norman, OK 73072 - 7029, USA & Zoology Division, National Museum of the Philippines, Rizal Park, Burgos Ave., Ermita 1000, Manila, Philippines.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="BDBA1BE0AD0CF8D48B431EDF62D3D71F" type="email">camsiler@ou.edu</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation id="7DA3CE2B519876CE479EC7D7474FC7F1">Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology and Biodiversity Institute, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="E88AE5B9C87FF6716FA0FF2C72A00E53">Brown, Rafe M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="B25AF06D31A18CDA24E151E05F01AE8F">Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology and Biodiversity Institute, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045 & Zoology Division, National Museum of the Philippines, Rizal Park, Burgos Ave., Ermita 1000, Manila, Philippines.</mods:affiliation>
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<emphasis id="B96EE658844FFFFCFFDCFD67FEAFFD59" bold="true" box="[123,364,715,739]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="457">Ophiophagus hannah</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EF8B47BB844FFFFCFEDCFD67FDD3FD59" author="CANTOR, THEODORE" box="[379,528,715,739]" pageId="58" pageNumber="457" pagination="87 - 93" refId="ref60563" refString="CANTOR, THEODORE E. 1836. Sketch of an undescribed hooded serpent (Hamadryas hannah). Asiatic Researches 19: 87 - 93, 3 pls. [NB: Volume 19 of Asiatic Researches was published in 1836, and plates 1 through 9, associated with the pre-Cantor articles, bear imprint volume number XIX, yet the plates associated with Cantor's paper are imprinted " Vol. XX. " It is possible that Cantor's three plates were not printed with his article that appeared in vol. 19, and which likely appeared in the first half of 1836, but were included in vol. 20, which was opened later that same year. Asiatic Researches was first issued in 1788 as " Asiatic Researches; or, Transactions of the Society, instituted in Bengal, for enquiring into the History, the Antiquities, the Arts and Sciences, and Literature of Asia. Volume the First. " and printed in Calcutta by Manuel Cantopher. The first volume was reprinted in London and bears a date of 1798. Volume 19, part 1 was printed in Calcutta in 1836 by the Bengal Military Orphan Press, Calcutta under the name " Asiatic Researches ".]" type="book chapter" year="1836">Cantor, 1836</bibRefCitation>
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<emphasis id="B96EE658844FFFFCFC78FD60FB4CFD5E" bold="true" box="[991,1167,716,740]" pageId="58" pageNumber="457">
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Photo
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<figureCitation id="132126CF844FFFFCFB8EFD60FB4CFD5E" box="[1065,1167,716,740]" captionStart="FIGURE" captionStartId="165.[689,701,1549,1568]" captionTargetPageId="165" captionText="FIGURE 95. Ophiophagus hannah (juvenile). Photo © JT." pageId="58" pageNumber="457">figure 95</figureCitation>
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<paragraph id="8BA53A4A844FFFFCFFDCFD40FF3BFCBE" blockId="58.[123,1167,715,772]" box="[123,248,748,772]" pageId="58" pageNumber="457">King Cobra</paragraph>
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<emphasis id="B96EE658844FFFFCFF7CFCB5FE5AFC94" box="[219,409,793,814]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="457">Hamadryas hannah</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EF8B47BB844FFFFCFE07FCB5FDFEFC95" author="CANTOR, THEODORE" box="[416,573,793,815]" pageId="58" pageNumber="457" pagination="87 - 93" refId="ref60563" refString="CANTOR, THEODORE E. 1836. Sketch of an undescribed hooded serpent (Hamadryas hannah). Asiatic Researches 19: 87 - 93, 3 pls. [NB: Volume 19 of Asiatic Researches was published in 1836, and plates 1 through 9, associated with the pre-Cantor articles, bear imprint volume number XIX, yet the plates associated with Cantor's paper are imprinted " Vol. XX. " It is possible that Cantor's three plates were not printed with his article that appeared in vol. 19, and which likely appeared in the first half of 1836, but were included in vol. 20, which was opened later that same year. Asiatic Researches was first issued in 1788 as " Asiatic Researches; or, Transactions of the Society, instituted in Bengal, for enquiring into the History, the Antiquities, the Arts and Sciences, and Literature of Asia. Volume the First. " and printed in Calcutta by Manuel Cantopher. The first volume was reprinted in London and bears a date of 1798. Volume 19, part 1 was printed in Calcutta in 1836 by the Bengal Military Orphan Press, Calcutta under the name " Asiatic Researches ".]" type="book chapter" year="1836">Cantor, 1836:87</bibRefCitation>
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, pls. 10–12; 1838:72.
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<paragraph id="8BA53A4A844FFFFCFF7CFC95FC22FB2A" blockId="58.[219,1174,793,1199]" pageId="58" pageNumber="457">
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<treatmentCitation id="0ABB1C5B844FFFFCFF7CFC95FD6BFCF5" author="GUNTHER, ALBERT" box="[219,680,825,847]" page="341" pageId="58" pageNumber="457" year="1864">
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<taxonomicName id="4C1A41C9844FFFFCFF7CFC95FD6BFCF5" ID-CoL="74Q7K" authority=", Gunther, 1864: 341" authorityName=", Gunther" authorityPageNumber="341" authorityYear="1864" box="[219,680,825,847]" class="Repitilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Ophiophagus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="58" pageNumber="457" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hannah">
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<emphasis id="B96EE658844FFFFCFF7CFC95FE02FCF4" box="[219,449,825,846]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="457">Ophiophagus hannah</emphasis>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="EF8B47BB844FFFFCFE7AFC95FD6BFCF5" author="GUNTHER, ALBERT" box="[477,680,825,847]" pageId="58" pageNumber="457" refId="ref64907" refString="GUNTHER, ALBERT C. L. G. 1864. The Reptiles of British India. Robert Hardwick (for the Ray Society), London, England, UK. xxvii + 452, 26 pls." type="book" year="1864">Günther, 1864:341</bibRefCitation>
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.—
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<treatmentCitation id="0ABB1C5B844FFFFCFD69FC95FC60FCF5" author="LEVITON, ALAN" box="[718,931,825,847]" page="544" pageId="58" pageNumber="457" year="1965">
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<bibRefCitation id="EF8B47BB844FFFFCFD69FC95FC60FCF5" author="LEVITON, ALAN" box="[718,931,825,847]" pageId="58" pageNumber="457" pagination="531 - 550" refId="ref67424" refString="LEVITON, ALAN E. 1965 b [1964]. Contributions to a review of Philippine snakes, VII. The snakes of the genera Naja and Ophiophagus. Philippine Journal of Science 93 (4): 531 - 550." type="journal article" year="1965">Leviton, 1965b:544</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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.—
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<treatmentCitation id="0ABB1C5B844FFFFCFC6FFC95FB52FCF5" author="ALCALA, ANGEL" box="[968,1169,825,847]" page="161" pageId="58" pageNumber="457" year="1986">
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<bibRefCitation id="EF8B47BB844FFFFCFC6FFC95FB52FCF5" author="ALCALA, ANGEL" box="[968,1169,825,847]" pageId="58" pageNumber="457" refId="ref57381" refString="ALCALA, ANGEL C. 1986 a. Amphibians and Reptiles. JMC Press, Quezon City, Philippines. xiv + 195 pp. [NB: Publication sponsored by Natural Resources Center, Ministry of Natural Resources and the University of the Philippines.]" type="book" year="1986">Alcala, 1986a:161</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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;
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<treatmentCitation id="0ABB1C5B844FFFFCFEACFCFBFEB2FCD7" author="ALCALA, ANGEL" box="[267,369,855,877]" page="161" pageId="58" pageNumber="457" year="1986">
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<bibRefCitation id="EF8B47BB844FFFFCFEACFCFBFEB2FCD7" author="ALCALA, ANGEL" box="[267,369,855,877]" pageId="58" pageNumber="457" refId="ref57428" refString="ALCALA, ANGEL C. 1986 b. Philippine poisonous animals. Pages 77 - 158. JMC Press, Quezon City, Philippines. [NB: Publication sponsored by Natural Resources Center, Ministry of Natural Resources and the University of the Philippines.]" type="book" year="1986">1986b:161</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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.—
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0ABB1C5B844FFFFCFE32FCF4FCCBFCD7" author="BROADLEY, DONALD & JEAN-CLAUDE RAGE, AND" box="[405,776,855,878]" page="195" pageId="58" pageNumber="457" year="1993">
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<bibRefCitation id="EF8B47BB844FFFFCFE32FCF4FCCBFCD7" author="BROADLEY, DONALD & JEAN-CLAUDE RAGE, AND" box="[405,776,855,878]" pageId="58" pageNumber="457" pagination="184 - 193" refId="ref59597" refString="BROADLEY, DONALD G., JEAN-CLAUDE RAGE, AND MICHICISA TORIBA. 1993. Naja Laurenti, 1768. Pages 184 - 193 in P. Golay, H. M. Smith, D. G. Broadley, J. R. Dixon, C. McCarthy, J. - C. Rage, B. Schatti, and M. Toriba, eds., Endoglyphs and other Major Venomous Snakes of the World. Azemiops S. A., Aire-Geneva, Switzerland." type="journal article" year="1993">Broadley, Rage, and Toriba, 1993:195</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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.— David and Ineich, 1999:171.—
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<treatmentCitation id="0ABB1C5B844FFFFCFBC6FCF4FDFAFC30" author="DIESMOS, A. C. & RAFE & M. BROWN & G. V. A. GEE" page="71" pageId="58" pageNumber="457" year="2004">
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<bibRefCitation id="EF8B47BB844FFFFCFBC6FCF4FDFAFC30" author="DIESMOS, A. C. & RAFE & M. BROWN & G. V. A. GEE" pageId="58" pageNumber="457" pagination="63 - 80" refId="ref62081" refString="DIESMOS, A. C., RAFE M. BROWN, AND G. V. A. GEE. 2004. Preliminary report on the amphibians and reptiles of Balbalasang-Balbalan National Park, Luzon Island, Philippines. Sylvatrop, Technical Journal of Philippine Ecosystems and Natural Resources 13: 63 - 80." type="journal article" year="2004">Diesmos, Brown, and Gee, 2004:71</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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.— David, Pauwels, Lays, and Lenglet. 2006:220.—
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<treatmentCitation id="0ABB1C5B844FFFFCFB9BFCD9FE4DFC1D" author="CASTOE, TODD & N. SMITH & RAFE & M. BROWN & AND CHRISTOPHER & L. PARKINSON" page="809" pageId="58" pageNumber="457" year="2007">
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<bibRefCitation id="EF8B47BB844FFFFCFB9BFCD9FE4DFC1D" author="CASTOE, TODD & N. SMITH & RAFE & M. BROWN & AND CHRISTOPHER & L. PARKINSON" pageId="58" pageNumber="457" pagination="809 - 832" refId="ref60949" refString="CASTOE, TODD A., ERIC N. SMITH, RAFE M. BROWN, AND CHRISTOPHER L. PARKINSON. 2007. Higher-level phylogeny of Asian and American coralsnakes, their placement within the Elapidae (Squamata), and the systematic affinities of the enigmatic Asian coralsnake Hemibungarus calligaster (Wiegmann, 1834). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 151: 809 - 832, 5 figs., 3 tables, Appendices 801 - 802." type="book chapter" year="2007">Castoe et al., 2007:809</bibRefCitation>
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|
||
et seq.—
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0ABB1C5B844FFFFCFE5CFC3EFD1DFC1D" author="GAULKE, MAREN" box="[507,734,914,936]" page="324" pageId="58" pageNumber="457" year="2011">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8B47BB844FFFFCFE5CFC3EFD1DFC1D" author="GAULKE, MAREN" box="[507,734,914,936]" pageId="58" pageNumber="457" refId="ref63696" refString="GAULKE, MAREN. 2011. The Herpetofauna of Panay Island, Philippines. Chimaira Buchhandelsgesellschaft, Frankfurt am Main, Germany. 390 pp., 258 figs." type="book" year="2011">Gaulke, 2011:324–327</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
, figs. 322–324.— McLeod, Siler, Diesmos, Diesmos, Garcia, Arkonceo, Balaquit, Uy, Villaseran, Yarra, and Brown, 2011:189.—
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0ABB1C5B844FFFFCFBC4FC03FD22FC5B" author="SILER, CAMERON & J. WELTON & JESSI & M. SILER & JOSEPH BROWN, ABNER & BUCOL, ARVIN & C. DIESMOS & AND RAFE & M. BROWN" page="297" pageId="58" pageNumber="457" year="2011">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8B47BB844FFFFCFBC4FC03FD22FC5B" author="SILER, CAMERON & J. WELTON & JESSI & M. SILER & JOSEPH BROWN, ABNER & BUCOL, ARVIN & C. DIESMOS & AND RAFE & M. BROWN" pageId="58" pageNumber="457" pagination="182 - 195" refId="ref74198" refString="SILER, CAMERON D., LUKE J. WELTON, JESSI M. SILER, JOSEPH BROWN, ABNER BUCOL, ARVIN C. DIESMOS, AND RAFE M. BROWN. 2011. Amphibians and reptiles, Luzon Island, Aurora Province and Aurora Memorial National Park, northern Philippines: New island distribution records. Check List 7 (2): 182 - 195." type="journal article" year="2011">Siler, Welton, Brown, Infante, and Diesmos, 2011:297</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
, fig. 1.—
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0ABB1C5B844FFFFCFCE3FC60FDFDFC44" author="SILER, CAMERON & J. WELTON & JESSI & M. SILER & JOSEPH BROWN, ABNER & BUCOL, ARVIN & C. DIESMOS & AND RAFE & M. BROWN" page="190" pageId="58" pageNumber="457" year="2011">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8B47BB844FFFFCFCE3FC60FDFDFC44" author="SILER, CAMERON & J. WELTON & JESSI & M. SILER & JOSEPH BROWN, ABNER & BUCOL, ARVIN & C. DIESMOS & AND RAFE & M. BROWN" pageId="58" pageNumber="457" pagination="182 - 195" refId="ref74198" refString="SILER, CAMERON D., LUKE J. WELTON, JESSI M. SILER, JOSEPH BROWN, ABNER BUCOL, ARVIN C. DIESMOS, AND RAFE M. BROWN. 2011. Amphibians and reptiles, Luzon Island, Aurora Province and Aurora Memorial National Park, northern Philippines: New island distribution records. Check List 7 (2): 182 - 195." type="journal article" year="2011">Siler, Welton, Siler, Brown, Bucol, Diesmos, and Brown, 2011:190</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
.— Devan-Song and
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0ABB1C5B844FFFFCFCADFC45FC6AFC45" author="BROWN, RAFE & H. OLIVEROS & CAMERON & D. SILER & JASON & B. FERNANDEZ & LUKE & J. WELTON & PERRY ARCHIVAL & C. BUENAVENTE & MAE LOWE & L. DIESMOS & AND ARVIN & C. DIESMOS" box="[778,937,1001,1023]" page="15" pageId="58" pageNumber="457" year="2012">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8B47BB844FFFFCFCADFC45FC6AFC45" author="BROWN, RAFE & H. OLIVEROS & CAMERON & D. SILER & JASON & B. FERNANDEZ & LUKE & J. WELTON & PERRY ARCHIVAL & C. BUENAVENTE & MAE LOWE & L. DIESMOS & AND ARVIN & C. DIESMOS" box="[778,937,1001,1023]" pageId="58" pageNumber="457" pagination="469 - 490" refId="ref60090" refString="BROWN, RAFE M., CARL H. OLIVEROS, CAMERON D. SILER, JASON B. FERNANDEZ, LUKE J. WELTON, PERRY ARCHIVAL C. BUENAVENTE, MAE LOWE L. DIESMOS, AND ARVIN C. DIESMOS. 2012. Amphibians and reptiles of Luzon Island (Philippines), VII: Herpetofauna of Ilocos Norte Province, Northern Cordillera Mountain Range. Check List 8 (3): 469 - 490." type="journal article" year="2012">Brown, 2012:15</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="132126CF844FFFFCFC13FC45FC37FC45" box="[948,1012,1001,1023]" captionStart="FIGURE" captionStartId="156.[687,699,1400,1419]" captionTargetBox="[649,1176,577,923]" captionTargetId="figure-18@156.[652,1177,579,925]" captionTargetPageId="156" captionText="FIGURE 36. Boiga schultzei (Narra, Palawan Id.) (KU 327776). Photo © RMB." pageId="58" pageNumber="457">fig. 36</figureCitation>
|
||
.— Sy and Wallbank, 2013:110.—
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0ABB1C5B844FFFFCFE6CFBAAFC88FBA1" author="LEVITON, ALAN & M. BROWN & AND CAMERON & D. SILER" box="[459,843,1030,1052]" page="497" pageId="58" pageNumber="457" year="2014">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8B47BB844FFFFCFE6CFBAAFC88FBA1" author="LEVITON, ALAN & M. BROWN & AND CAMERON & D. SILER" box="[459,843,1030,1052]" pageId="58" pageNumber="457" refId="ref67937" refString="LEVITON, ALAN E., RAFE M. BROWN, AND CAMERON D. SILER. 2014. The dangerously venomous snakes of the Philippine Archipelago. Pages 473 - 530 in G. C. Williams and T. M. Gosliner, eds., The Coral Triangle: The 2011 Hearst Biodiversity Philippine Expedition. California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco, California, USA." type="book" year="2014">Leviton, Brown, and Siler, 2014:497</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="132126CF844FFFFCFCFAFBAAFC13FBA1" box="[861,976,1030,1052]" captionStart="FIGURE" captionStartId="150.[687,699,1683,1702]" captionTargetBox="[120,647,1369,1725]" captionTargetId="figure-133@150.[120,644,1372,1727]" captionTargetPageId="150" captionText="FIGURE 7. Ramphotyphlops cumingii (head) (Augsan del Norte Prov., Mindanao Id.) (KU 334468). Photo © RMB." pageId="58" pageNumber="457">figs. 7A–B</figureCitation>
|
||
, 36–37.— Wallach, Williams, and Boundy, 2014:497.—
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0ABB1C5B844FFFFCFDDDFB8FFBEFFB83" author="SY, EMERSON & LOUISE ABIGAEL DE LAYOLA, CHRISTOPHER & MARIANO & T. YU & AND ARVIN & C. DIESMOS" box="[634,1068,1059,1081]" page="220" pageId="58" pageNumber="457" year="2015">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8B47BB844FFFFCFDDDFB8FFBEFFB83" author="SY, EMERSON & LOUISE ABIGAEL DE LAYOLA, CHRISTOPHER & MARIANO & T. YU & AND ARVIN & C. DIESMOS" box="[634,1068,1059,1081]" pageId="58" pageNumber="457" pagination="220" refId="ref75519" refString="SY, EMERSON Y., LOUISE ABIGAEL DE LAYOLA, CHRISTOPHER MARIANO T. YU, AND ARVIN C. DIESMOS. 2015. Ophiophagus hannaha (King Cobra), Philippines: Luzon Island: Pangasinan Province. Herpetological Review 46 (2): 220." type="journal article" year="2015">Sy, de Layola, Yu, and Diesmos, 2015:220</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
.— Sy and Boos, 2015:220.—
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0ABB1C5B844FFFFCFE6DFBECFBE7FBEC" author="SANGUILA, M. B. & K. A. COBB & C. D. SILER & A. C. DIESMOS & A. C. ALCALA & R. M. BROWN" box="[458,1060,1088,1110]" page="14" pageId="58" pageNumber="457" year="2016">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8B47BB844FFFFCFE6DFBECFBE7FBEC" author="SANGUILA, M. B. & K. A. COBB & C. D. SILER & A. C. DIESMOS & A. C. ALCALA & R. M. BROWN" box="[458,1060,1088,1110]" pageId="58" pageNumber="457" pagination="1 - 132" refId="ref72917" refString="SANGUILA, M. B., K. A. COBB, C. D. SILER, A. C. DIESMOS, A. C. ALCALA, AND R. M. BROWN. 2016. The amphibians and reptiles of Mindanao Island, southern Philippines, II: the herpetofauna of northeast Mindanao and adjacent islands. Zookeys 624: 1 - 132, 81 figs., 2 tables. (doi: 10.3897 / zookeys. 634.9814)" type="book chapter" year="2016">Sanguila, Cobb, Siler, Diesmos Alcala, and Brown, 2016:14</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
.—
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0ABB1C5B844FFFFCFBEEFBECFBA8FBC9" author="SUPSUP, CHRISTIAN & M. PUNA & AUGUSTO & A. ASIS & BERNARD & R. REDOBLADO & MARIA FATIMA & G. PANAGUINIT & FAITH & M. GUINTO & EDMUND & B. RICO & ARVIN & C. DIESMOS & RAFE & M. BROWN & AND NEIL ALDRIN & D. MALLARI" page="170" pageId="58" pageNumber="457" year="2016">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8B47BB844FFFFCFBEEFBECFBA8FBC9" author="SUPSUP, CHRISTIAN & M. PUNA & AUGUSTO & A. ASIS & BERNARD & R. REDOBLADO & MARIA FATIMA & G. PANAGUINIT & FAITH & M. GUINTO & EDMUND & B. RICO & ARVIN & C. DIESMOS & RAFE & M. BROWN & AND NEIL ALDRIN & D. MALLARI" pageId="58" pageNumber="457" pagination="151 - 179" refId="ref75088" refString="SUPSUP, CHRISTIAN E., NEVONG M. PUNA, AUGUSTO A. ASIS, BERNARD R. REDOBLADO, MARIA FATIMA G. PANAGUINIT, FAITH M. GUINTO, EDMUND B. RICO, ARVIN C. DIESMOS, RAFE M. BROWN, AND NEIL ALDRIN D. MALLARI. 2016. Amphibians and reptiles of Cebu, Philippines: The poorly understood herpetofauna of an island with very little remaining natural habitat. Asian Herpetological Research 7 (3): 151 - 179, 36 figs., 2 tables." type="book chapter" year="2016">Supsup, Puna, Asis, Redoblado, Panaguinit, Guinto, Rico, Diesmos, Brown, and Mallari, 2016:170</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
, fig. 34.—
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0ABB1C5B844FFFFCFEE0FBD6FE10FB2A" author="SY, EMERSON" box="[327,467,1146,1168]" page="263" pageId="58" pageNumber="457" year="2016">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8B47BB844FFFFCFEE0FBD6FE10FB2A" author="SY, EMERSON" box="[327,467,1146,1168]" pageId="58" pageNumber="457" pagination="263" refId="ref75258" refString="SY, EMERSON Y. 2016 a. Ophiophagus hannah (King Cobra). Philippines: Cebu Island: Cebu Province: Cebu City. Herpetological Review 43 (2): 263." type="journal article" year="2016">Sy, 2016a:263</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0ABB1C5B844FFFFCFE79FBD6FD86FB2A" author="SY, EMERSON" box="[478,581,1146,1168]" page="264" pageId="58" pageNumber="457" year="2016">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8B47BB844FFFFCFE79FBD6FD86FB2A" author="SY, EMERSON" box="[478,581,1146,1168]" pageId="58" pageNumber="457" pagination="264" refId="ref75293" refString="SY, EMERSON Y. 2016 b. Ophiophagus hannah (King Cobra). Philippines: Mindanao Island: Zamboanga del Norte Province. Herpetological Review 47 (2): 264." type="journal article" year="2016">2016b:264</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
.—
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0ABB1C5B844FFFFCFDCFFBD6FC1EFB2A" author="SY, EMERSON & D. BANIQUED & AND ARVIN & C. DIESMOS" box="[616,989,1146,1168]" page="264" pageId="58" pageNumber="457" year="2016">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8B47BB844FFFFCFDCFFBD6FC1EFB2A" author="SY, EMERSON & D. BANIQUED & AND ARVIN & C. DIESMOS" box="[616,989,1146,1168]" pageId="58" pageNumber="457" pagination="263" refId="ref75327" refString="SY, EMERSON Y., RUSSEL D. BANIQUED, AND ARVIN C. DIESMOS. 2016. Ophiophagus hannah (King Cobra). Philippines: Luzon Island: Nueva Ecija Province. Herpetological Review 43 (2): 263." type="journal article" year="2016">Sy, Baniqued, and Diesmos, 2016:264</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA53A4A844FFFFCFF7CFB35FBB3FB15" blockId="58.[219,1174,793,1199]" box="[219,1136,1177,1199]" pageId="58" pageNumber="457">
|
||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB0A1D64844FFFFCFF7CFB35FBB3FB15" box="[219,1136,1177,1199]" pageId="58" pageNumber="457">
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0ABB1C5B844FFFFCFF7CFB35FDD5FB15" author="TAYLOR, EDWARD" box="[219,534,1177,1199]" page="256" pageId="58" pageNumber="457" year="1922">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1A41C9844FFFFCFF7CFB35FDD5FB15" authority=", Taylor, 1922 a: 256" authorityName="Taylor" authorityPageNumber="256" authorityYear="1922" box="[219,534,1177,1199]" class="Repitilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Naja" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="58" pageNumber="457" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hannah">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96EE658844FFFFCFF7CFB35FE9BFB14" box="[219,344,1177,1198]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="457">Naja hannah</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8B47BB844FFFFCFEC3FB35FDD5FB15" author="TAYLOR, EDWARD" box="[356,534,1177,1199]" pageId="58" pageNumber="457" refId="ref75830" refString="TAYLOR, EDWARD H. 1922 a. The Snakes of the Philippine Islands. Bureau of Science, Manila, Philippines. 312 pp., 32 text-figs., 63 tables, 37 pls." type="book" year="1922">Taylor, 1922a:256</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
, text-fig. 29, pl. 31,
|
||
<figureCitation id="132126CF844FFFFCFD7BFB35FCF0FB14" box="[732,819,1177,1199]" captionStart-0="FIGURE" captionStart-1="FIGURE" captionStartId-0="150.[687,699,1427,1446]" captionStartId-1="150.[687,699,1478,1497]" captionTargetBox-0="[119,1177,293,1728]" captionTargetPageId-0="150" captionTargetPageId-1="150" captionText-0="FIGURE 2. Indotyphlops braminus (Ilocos Norte Prov., Luzon Id.) (KU 329680). Photo © RMB." captionText-1="FIGURE 3. Malayotyphlops ruficaudus (Camarines Sur Prov., Luzon Id.) (TNHC 62474). Photo © RMB." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11512593" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/11512593/files/figure.png" pageId="58" pageNumber="457">figs. 2–3</figureCitation>
|
||
; 1922d:139.—
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0ABB1C5B844FFFFCFC6FFB35FBAFFB15" author="SMITH, MALCOLM" box="[968,1132,1177,1199]" page="436" pageId="58" pageNumber="457" year="1943">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8B47BB844FFFFCFC6FFB35FBAFFB15" author="SMITH, MALCOLM" box="[968,1132,1177,1199]" pageId="58" pageNumber="457" refId="ref74577" refString="SMITH, MALCOLM A. 1943. The Fauna of British India, Ceylon and Burma including the Whole of the Indo- Chibnese Region. Reptilia and Amphibia. Vol. III - Serpentes. Taylor and Francis, London, England, UK. xii + 583 pp., 166 text-figs., fold-out map." type="book" year="1943">Smith, 1943:436</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C30069C1844FFFFCFFDCFB6EFD97FB40" pageId="58" pageNumber="457" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA53A4A844FFFFCFFDCFB6EFD97FB40" blockId="58.[123,1174,1218,1597]" pageId="58" pageNumber="457">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96EE658844FFFFCFFDCFB6EFDE2FB60" bold="true" box="[123,545,1218,1242]" pageId="58" pageNumber="457">
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||
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<smallCapsWord id="8D43AC96844FFFFCFE3DFB69FDC7FB62" baselines="1235" box="[410,516,1221,1240]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="10" normCase="lower" normString="specimen" pageId="58" pageNumber="457">SPECIMEN</smallCapsWord>
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(
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<smallCapsWord id="8D43AC96844FFFFCFDAAFB69FDDBFB62" baselines="1235" box="[525,536,1221,1240]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="10" normCase="lower" normString="s" pageId="58" pageNumber="457">S</smallCapsWord>
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)
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
.—
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B723017844FFFFCFDEEFB6EFD97FB40" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4905143357" collectionCode="BMNH" country="India" county="Bengal" location="Sundarbans" municipality="Calcutta" pageId="58" pageNumber="457" specimenCode="BMNH 1996.451" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Bengal" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||
<location id="8EC56C91844FFFFCFDEEFB6EFD06FB60" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B38B5C844FFFFCFFDCFD67FCA0F987:8EC56C91844FFFFCFDEEFB6EFD06FB60" box="[585,709,1218,1242]" country="India" county="Bengal" municipality="Calcutta" name="Sundarbans" pageId="58" pageNumber="457" stateProvince="Bengal">Sundarbans</location>
|
||
(also as Sunderbuns), nr.
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="6BC1A030844FFFFCFC7BFB6EFBFBFB60" box="[988,1080,1218,1242]" pageId="58" pageNumber="457">Calcutta</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49DEF4A8844FFFFCFBE4FB6EFB52FB60" box="[1091,1169,1218,1242]" pageId="58" pageNumber="457">Bengal</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F30D7ADA844FFFFCFF7CFB4EFED6FB40" box="[219,277,1250,1274]" name="India" pageId="58" pageNumber="457">India</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
<typeStatus id="54A184E8844FFFFCFEB8FB4EFE45FB40" box="[287,390,1250,1274]" pageId="58" pageNumber="457" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
:
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBBC9231844FFFFCFE36FB4FFD93FB40" box="[401,592,1250,1274]" collectionCode="BMNH" pageId="58" pageNumber="457">BMNH 1996.451</specimenCode>
|
||
.
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C30069C1844FFFFCFFDCFAAFFBD8F9A6" pageId="58" pageNumber="457" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA53A4A844FFFFCFFDCFAAFFCD6FA06" blockId="58.[123,1174,1218,1597]" pageId="58" pageNumber="457">
|
||
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||
<smallCapsWord id="8D43AC96844FFFFCFF58FAAAFE50FAA3" baselines="1300" box="[255,403,1286,1305]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="10" normCase="lower" normString="distribution" pageId="58" pageNumber="457">DISTRIBUTION</smallCapsWord>
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||
</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="132126CF844FFFFCFE01FAAFFDCEFAA1" box="[422,525,1283,1307]" captionStart="A B C D" captionStartId="138.[179,206,234,267]" captionText="A B C D MAPS 28A–D. Geographic range maps for Philippine records of (A) Oligodon modestus; (B) Oligodon notospilus; (C) Oligodon perkinsi; (D) Ophiophagus hannah." pageId="58" pageNumber="457">Map 28D</figureCitation>
|
||
[p. 139]).— Balabac,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49DEF4A8844FFFFCFCA6FAAEFEDBFA81" isEnumeration="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="457">Bohol, Catanduanes, Cebu, Dinagat, Leyte</collectingRegion>
|
||
(Prov.:
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49DEF4A8844FFFFCFEC9FA8FFE6CFA81" box="[366,431,1315,1339]" country="Philippines" name="Southern Leyte" pageId="58" pageNumber="457">Leyte</collectingRegion>
|
||
), Luzon (Prov.:
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49DEF4A8844FFFFCFDFDFA8FFE52FAE1" isEnumeration="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="457">Aurora, Benguet, Bulacan, Camarines Norte, Isabela, Kalinga, Laguna</collectingRegion>
|
||
, Nueva Ecja,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49DEF4A8844FFFFCFD95FAEFFB8EFAE1" box="[562,1101,1347,1371]" isEnumeration="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="457">Nueva Vizcaya, Pangasinan, Sorsogon, Zambales</collectingRegion>
|
||
), Mindanao (Prov.:
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49DEF4A8844FFFFCFEDFFAC8FBC7FAC1" box="[376,1028,1379,1403]" isEnumeration="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="457">Davao del Sur, Zamboanga del Norte, Zamboanga del Sur</collectingRegion>
|
||
[
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49DEF4A8844FFFFCFBB2FACFFB55FAC1" box="[1045,1174,1379,1403]" country="Philippines" name="Zamboanga" pageId="58" pageNumber="457">Zamboanga</collectingRegion>
|
||
City],
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49DEF4A8844FFFFCFEB9FA2FFE04FA21" box="[286,455,1411,1435]" country="Philippines" name="South Cotabato" pageId="58" pageNumber="457">South Cotabato</collectingRegion>
|
||
), Mindoro, Negros (Prov.:
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49DEF4A8844FFFFCFD46FA28FC53FA21" box="[737,912,1411,1436]" country="Philippines" name="Negros Oriental" pageId="58" pageNumber="457">Negros Oriental</collectingRegion>
|
||
),
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49DEF4A8844FFFFCFC07FA2FFC3EFA21" box="[928,1021,1411,1435]" country="Philippines" name="Palawan" pageId="58" pageNumber="457">Palawan</collectingRegion>
|
||
, Panay (Prov.:
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49DEF4A8844FFFFCFF7CFA08FEF6FA06" box="[219,309,1444,1468]" country="Philippines" name="Antique" pageId="58" pageNumber="457">Antique</collectingRegion>
|
||
), Polillo,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49DEF4A8844FFFFCFE3AFA08FDFCFA06" box="[413,575,1444,1468]" isEnumeration="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="457">Romblon, Sulu</collectingRegion>
|
||
Archipelago (Jolo).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA53A4A844FFFFCFFDCFA68FBD8F9A6" blockId="58.[123,1174,1218,1597]" pageId="58" pageNumber="457">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96EE658844FFFFCFFDCFA68FD77FA61" bold="true" box="[123,692,1475,1500]" pageId="58" pageNumber="457">
|
||
<smallCapsWord id="8D43AC96844FFFFCFFDCFA68FF21FA60" baselines="1494,1493" box="[123,226,1476,1500]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="10" normCase="title" normString="General" pageId="58" pageNumber="457">GENERAL</smallCapsWord>
|
||
<smallCapsWord id="8D43AC96844FFFFCFF4CFA6BFEBCFA60" baselines="1493" box="[235,383,1479,1498]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="10" normCase="lower" normString="distribution" pageId="58" pageNumber="457">DISTRIBUTION</smallCapsWord>
|
||
(
|
||
<smallCapsWord id="8D43AC96844FFFFCFE35FA6BFE19FA60" baselines="1493" box="[402,474,1479,1498]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="10" normCase="lower" normString="other" pageId="58" pageNumber="457">OTHER</smallCapsWord>
|
||
<smallCapsWord id="8D43AC96844FFFFCFE43FA6BFDDDFA60" baselines="1493" box="[484,542,1479,1498]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="10" normCase="lower" normString="than" pageId="58" pageNumber="457">THAN</smallCapsWord>
|
||
<smallCapsWord id="8D43AC96844FFFFCFD80FA68FD68FA60" baselines="1494,1493" box="[551,683,1476,1500]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="10" normCase="title" normString="Philippines" pageId="58" pageNumber="457">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F30D7ADA844FFFFCFD80FA68FD68FA60" box="[551,683,1476,1500]" name="Philippines" pageId="58" pageNumber="457">PHILIPPINES</collectingCountry>
|
||
</smallCapsWord>
|
||
)
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
.— Widely distributed throughout Southeast Asia, from Pakistan through South and Southeast Asia, southern China, Malaysia, Singapore, Indonesia. (See Wallach, Williams, and Boundy [2014:497] for details.)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C30069C1844FFFFCFFDCF988FCA0F987" box="[123,867,1572,1597]" pageId="58" pageNumber="457" type="conservation">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA53A4A844FFFFCFFDCF988FCA0F987" blockId="58.[123,1174,1218,1597]" box="[123,867,1572,1597]" pageId="58" pageNumber="457">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96EE658844FFFFCFFDCF988FE0DF986" bold="true" box="[123,462,1572,1596]" pageId="58" pageNumber="457">
|
||
<smallCapsWord id="8D43AC96844FFFFCFFDCF988FEDDF981" baselines="1590,1590" box="[123,286,1572,1596]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="10" normCase="title" normString="Conservation" pageId="58" pageNumber="457">CONSERVATION</smallCapsWord>
|
||
<smallCapsWord id="8D43AC96844FFFFCFE82F984FEB3F981" baselines="1590" box="[293,368,1576,1595]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="10" normCase="lower" normString="status" pageId="58" pageNumber="457">STATUS</smallCapsWord>
|
||
[IUCN]
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
.— Vulnerable A2acd [2016] ver. 3.1.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |