125 lines
15 KiB
XML
125 lines
15 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5779569" ID-GBIF-Dataset="723c8018-f87a-440a-bed1-3d2fe2a46e42" ID-ISBN="978-3-906484-76-1" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5779569" approvalRequired="4" approvalRequired_for_treatments="4" checkinTime="1639140111949" checkinUser="donat" docAuthor="Alexander, Timothy & Seehausen, Ole" docDate="2021" docId="039187D59BA7BBDDFFE5711770B989A0" docLanguage="en" docName="ProjectLacSynthesisReport.2021.1-281.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Eawag: Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology" docSource="https://www.dora.lib4ri.ch/eawag/islandora/object/eawag:24051" docTitle="Gasterosteus aculeatus Linnaeus 1758" docType="treatment" docVersion="12" lastPageNumber="141" masterDocId="FFA8FFAD9B2EBB57FF94744D755A8830" masterDocTitle="Diversity, distribution and community composition of fish in perialpine lakes – “ Projet Lac ” synthesis report" pageNumber="140" updateTime="1655230699012" updateUser="carolina" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0" zenodo-license-figures="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Diversity, distribution and community composition of fish in perialpine lakes – “ Projet Lac ” synthesis report</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Alexander, Timothy</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Seehausen, Ole</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Eawag: Das Wasserforschungsinstitut des ETH-Bereichs Überlandstrasse 133, CH- 8600 Dübendorf</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:originInfo>
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<mods:dateIssued>2021</mods:dateIssued>
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<mods:dateOther type="pubDate">2021-11-12</mods:dateOther>
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<mods:publisher>Eawag: Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology</mods:publisher>
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</mods:originInfo>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>https://www.dora.lib4ri.ch/eawag/islandora/object/eawag:24051</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>book</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5779569</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="GBIF-Dataset">723c8018-f87a-440a-bed1-3d2fe2a46e42</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ISBN">978-3-906484-76-1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">5779569</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5776982" ID-GBIF-Taxon="191772220" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5776982" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039187D59BA7BBDDFFE5711770B989A0" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/039187D59BA7BBDDFFE5711770B989A0" lastPageId="138" lastPageNumber="141" pageId="137" pageNumber="140">
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<subSubSection box="[113,646,1370,1392]" pageId="137" pageNumber="140" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph blockId="137.[112,1222,1370,1552]" box="[113,646,1370,1392]" pageId="137" pageNumber="140">
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Also not native to Switzerland,
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[412,646,1370,1392]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Gasterosteidae" genus="Gasterosteus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gasterosteiformes" pageId="137" pageNumber="140" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="aculeatus">Gasterosteus aculeatus</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="138" lastPageNumber="141" pageId="137" pageNumber="140" type="discussion">
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<paragraph blockId="137.[112,1222,1370,1552]" pageId="137" pageNumber="140">
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was recorded in lakes Constance (Upper and Lower lakes), Biel and Lucerne.
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[297,421,1402,1424]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Gasterosteidae" genus="Gasterosteus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gasterosteiformes" pageId="137" pageNumber="140" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="aculeatus">G. aculeatus</taxonomicName>
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was first recorded in the Lake Constance catchment in
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<quantity box="[985,1060,1402,1424]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.7498" pageId="137" pageNumber="140" unit="in" value="1870.0">1870 in</quantity>
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streams on the Austrian side of the lake (see and references in
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<superScript attach="right" box="[624,655,1432,1447]" fontSize="6" pageId="137" pageNumber="140">[174]</superScript>
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). Genetic analyses suggest that the
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[1018,1142,1434,1456]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Gasterosteidae" genus="Gasterosteus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gasterosteiformes" pageId="137" pageNumber="140" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="aculeatus">G. aculeatus</taxonomicName>
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in Lake Constance derive mostly from a genetic lineage found in the Baltic drainage (Poland)
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<superScript attach="right" box="[966,999,1464,1479]" fontSize="6" pageId="137" pageNumber="140">[172]</superScript>
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.
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<taxonomicName authorityName="C.Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[1012,1147,1466,1487]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Gasterosteidae" genus="Gasterosteus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gasterosteiformes" pageId="137" pageNumber="140" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Gasterosteus</taxonomicName>
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across the middle of Switzerland, such as those caught in lake Biel, are a hybrid mixture of the native upper Rhine and non-native Baltic lineages of
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[399,522,1530,1552]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Gasterosteidae" genus="Gasterosteus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gasterosteiformes" pageId="137" pageNumber="140" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="aculeatus">G. aculeatus</taxonomicName>
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, as well as the non-native middle Rhone lineage of
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Cuvier" authorityYear="1829" box="[1034,1163,1530,1552]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Gasterosteidae" genus="Gasterosteus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gasterosteiformes" pageId="137" pageNumber="140" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gymnurus">G. gymnurus</taxonomicName>
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<superScript attach="right" box="[1169,1201,1528,1543]" fontSize="6" pageId="137" pageNumber="140">[175]</superScript>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="137.[112,1222,1370,1552]" box="[407,440,1432,1447]" pageId="137" pageNumber="140">
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<superScript attach="none" box="[407,440,1432,1447]" fontSize="6" pageId="137" pageNumber="140">[173]</superScript>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="137.[112,1225,1594,2032]" pageId="137" pageNumber="140">
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The
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[155,393,1594,1616]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Gasterosteidae" genus="Gasterosteus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gasterosteiformes" pageId="137" pageNumber="140" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="aculeatus">Gasterosteus aculeatus</taxonomicName>
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of Lake Constance, and especially those of Upper Lake Constance, were far more abundant, larger and were found in a wider range of lake habitats than stickleback caught in the other lakes sampled by Projet Lac (
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<tableCitation box="[303,383,1658,1680]" captionStart="Table 11" captionStartId="139.[114,162,190,206]" captionTargetId="graphics-22@139.[113,1248,213,1562]" captionTargetPageId="139" captionText="Table 11: Overview of lakes surveyed by Projet Lac where Gasterosteus spp were recorded." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF47664B9BA5BBDCFFE674F376C088FF" pageId="137" pageNumber="140" tableUuid="DF47664B9BA5BBDCFFE674F376C088FF">Table 11</tableCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation box="[394,488,1658,1680]" captionStart="Figure 52" captionStartId="138.[460,518,1502,1519]" captionTargetBox="[468,1420,465,1454]" captionTargetId="figure-143@138.[458,1422,456,1464]" captionTargetPageId="138" captionText="Figure 52: Stickleback were dramatically larger in Upper Lake Constance compared to other lakes. Length frequency distribution of all Gasterosteus spp caught in Projet Lac. Scaled photos on the right show one of the larger individuals from each lake." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5779681" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5779681/files/figure.png" pageId="137" pageNumber="140">Figure 52</figureCitation>
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). More than 2,500
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[676,800,1658,1680]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Gasterosteidae" genus="Gasterosteus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gasterosteiformes" pageId="137" pageNumber="140" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="aculeatus">G. aculeatus</taxonomicName>
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were recorded in the littoral zone, benthic zone and pelagic zones of Upper Lake Constance, to around 45 meters deep. This species formed 96% of the number of fish and 30% of the biomass caught in the CEN pelagic nets in Upper Lake Constance and formed around 50% of the fish caught in the vertical gillnets (volume-weighted, whole-lake
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<collectionCode box="[950,1014,1754,1776]" pageId="137" pageNumber="140">NPUE</collectionCode>
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).The
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[1069,1193,1754,1776]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Gasterosteidae" genus="Gasterosteus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gasterosteiformes" pageId="137" pageNumber="140" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="aculeatus">G. aculeatus</taxonomicName>
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of Upper Lake Constance have many and large bony plates covering the entire side of their body and thereby resemble both their freshwater-Baltic and marine ancestors. Most other lineages of
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[957,1081,1818,1840]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Gasterosteidae" genus="Gasterosteus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gasterosteiformes" pageId="137" pageNumber="140" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="aculeatus">G. aculeatus</taxonomicName>
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reduced their number of bony plates as they adapted to freshwater habitats, such as streams, rivers, small lakes or the littoral zone of larger lakes
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<superScript attach="right" box="[309,342,1880,1895]" fontSize="6" pageId="137" pageNumber="140">[177]</superScript>
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. However, freshwater lineages of
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[689,814,1882,1904]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Gasterosteidae" genus="Gasterosteus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gasterosteiformes" pageId="137" pageNumber="140" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="aculeatus">G. aculeatus</taxonomicName>
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in the Baltic
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<superScript attach="left" box="[939,971,1880,1895]" fontSize="6" pageId="137" pageNumber="140">[176]</superScript>
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, as well as several other lineages around the world have maintained the full set of bony plates. This may provide them with an adaptive advantage in the habitats of large lakes where piscivorous fish are the dominant predators
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<superScript attach="left" box="[1136,1170,1944,1959]" fontSize="6" pageId="137" pageNumber="140">[180]</superScript>
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. The strong and highly developed armour of the Upper Lake Constance
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[781,906,1978,2000]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Gasterosteidae" genus="Gasterosteus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gasterosteiformes" pageId="137" pageNumber="140" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="aculeatus">G. aculeatus</taxonomicName>
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, inherited from their marine ancestors, may be part of the reason why they are able to colonise the pelagic zone of such a large waterbody.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="137.[112,1225,1594,2032]" box="[685,717,1816,1831]" pageId="137" pageNumber="140">
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<superScript attach="left" box="[685,717,1816,1831]" fontSize="6" pageId="137" pageNumber="140">[176]</superScript>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="137.[112,1225,1594,2032]" box="[387,453,1912,1927]" pageId="137" pageNumber="140">
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<superScript attach="right" box="[387,453,1912,1927]" fontSize="6" pageId="137" pageNumber="140">[178, 179]</superScript>
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</paragraph>
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<footnote box="[112,636,2127,2144]" pageId="137" pageNumber="140">
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<paragraph blockId="137.[112,636,2127,2144]" box="[112,636,2127,2144]" pageId="137" pageNumber="140">
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7
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<taxonomicName box="[140,286,2127,2144]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Gasterosteidae" genus="Gasterosteus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gasterosteiformes" pageId="137" pageNumber="140" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="undetermined">Gasterosteus spp</taxonomicName>
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were not recorded in Garda by Projet Lac.
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</paragraph>
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</footnote>
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<paragraph blockId="138.[457,1570,186,400]" pageId="138" pageNumber="141">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[457,695,186,208]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Gasterosteidae" genus="Gasterosteus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gasterosteiformes" pageId="138" pageNumber="141" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="aculeatus">Gasterosteus aculeatus</taxonomicName>
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were also abundant in the pelagic zone of Lower Lake Constance, constituting almost 65% of fish caught in the CEN pelagic nets.
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[919,1045,218,240]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Gasterosteidae" genus="Gasterosteus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gasterosteiformes" pageId="138" pageNumber="141" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="aculeatus">G. aculeatus</taxonomicName>
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caught in Lower Lake Constance were on average
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smaller than those caught in the Upper Lake (average total length
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<quantity box="[1171,1242,250,272]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.7" pageId="138" pageNumber="141" unit="mm" value="47.0">47 mm</quantity>
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compared to
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<quantity box="[1380,1454,250,272]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.7" pageId="138" pageNumber="141" unit="mm" value="67.0">67 mm</quantity>
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).The smaller body size of
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[614,739,282,304]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Gasterosteidae" genus="Gasterosteus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gasterosteiformes" pageId="138" pageNumber="141" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="aculeatus">G. aculeatus</taxonomicName>
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in Lower Lake Constance meant that very few were caught in the vertical nets in this lake. Analyses of gillnet mesh size selectivity show that the smallest mesh size of the vertical nets (
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<quantity box="[1489,1558,314,336]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="138" pageNumber="141" unit="mm" value="10.0">10 mm</quantity>
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) only starts to become efficient at catching stickleback over
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<quantity box="[1048,1119,346,368]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="138" pageNumber="141" unit="mm" value="60.0">60 mm</quantity>
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in length.The smaller size of the stickleback in the Lower Lake therefore resulted in very few of this species being caught in this vertical net protocol.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |