145 lines
17 KiB
XML
145 lines
17 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5779569" ID-GBIF-Dataset="723c8018-f87a-440a-bed1-3d2fe2a46e42" ID-ISBN="978-3-906484-76-1" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5779569" approvalRequired="4" approvalRequired_for_treatments="4" checkinTime="1639140111949" checkinUser="donat" docAuthor="Alexander, Timothy & Seehausen, Ole" docDate="2021" docId="039187D59BA5BBDBFFE47297714F8DA0" docLanguage="en" docName="ProjectLacSynthesisReport.2021.1-281.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Eawag: Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology" docSource="https://www.dora.lib4ri.ch/eawag/islandora/object/eawag:24051" docTitle="Cottus gobio" docType="treatment" docVersion="5" lastPageNumber="143" masterDocId="FFA8FFAD9B2EBB57FF94744D755A8830" masterDocTitle="Diversity, distribution and community composition of fish in perialpine lakes – “ Projet Lac ” synthesis report" pageNumber="142" updateTime="1655230699012" updateUser="carolina" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0" zenodo-license-figures="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Diversity, distribution and community composition of fish in perialpine lakes – “ Projet Lac ” synthesis report</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Alexander, Timothy</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Seehausen, Ole</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Eawag: Das Wasserforschungsinstitut des ETH-Bereichs Überlandstrasse 133, CH- 8600 Dübendorf</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:originInfo>
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<mods:dateIssued>2021</mods:dateIssued>
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<mods:dateOther type="pubDate">2021-11-12</mods:dateOther>
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<mods:publisher>Eawag: Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology</mods:publisher>
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</mods:originInfo>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>https://www.dora.lib4ri.ch/eawag/islandora/object/eawag:24051</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>book</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5779569</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="GBIF-Dataset">723c8018-f87a-440a-bed1-3d2fe2a46e42</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ISBN">978-3-906484-76-1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">5779569</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5776984" ID-GBIF-Taxon="191772216" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5776984" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039187D59BA5BBDBFFE47297714F8DA0" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/039187D59BA5BBDBFFE47297714F8DA0" lastPageId="140" lastPageNumber="143" pageId="139" pageNumber="142">
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<subSubSection box="[112,233,1754,1776]" pageId="139" pageNumber="142" type="discussion">
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<paragraph blockId="139.[112,1224,1720,2032]" box="[112,233,1754,1776]" pageId="139" pageNumber="142">The sculpin,</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[238,366,1754,1776]" pageId="139" pageNumber="142" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph blockId="139.[112,1224,1720,2032]" box="[238,366,1754,1776]" pageId="139" pageNumber="142">
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<taxonomicName box="[238,366,1754,1776]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cottidae" genus="Cottus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpaeniformes" pageId="139" pageNumber="142" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gobio">Cottus gobio</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="140" lastPageNumber="143" pageId="139" pageNumber="142" type="discussion">
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<paragraph blockId="139.[112,1224,1720,2032]" pageId="139" pageNumber="142">
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is a taxon with wide and irregular distribution across Europe and considerable phenotypic and genetic variation between populations that may well comprise of several species.
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<taxonomicName authorityName="C.Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[1105,1170,1786,1807]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cottidae" genus="Cottus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpaeniformes" pageId="139" pageNumber="142" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Cottus</taxonomicName>
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was caught in the benthic zone of many lakes across a wide range of depths from the littoral zone to the deepest point. Along the depth gradient, two peaks in abundance were evident in many lakes, in the shallow littoral and in the profundal, with a gap at intermediate depths.
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<taxonomicName authorityName="C.Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[634,699,1882,1903]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cottidae" genus="Cottus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpaeniformes" pageId="139" pageNumber="142" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Cottus</taxonomicName>
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were common in the Rhine catchment, naturally absent only from the higher-altitude Jura lakes Brenet, Joux and Rousses, and were notably missing from Projet Lac catches in the lakes Zug, Morat and Constance Untersee. In the Po catchment,
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<taxonomicName authorityName="C.Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[935,1000,1946,1967]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cottidae" genus="Cottus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpaeniformes" pageId="139" pageNumber="142" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Cottus</taxonomicName>
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were caught in Poschiavo, Como, Mezzola, Garda and Maggiore, while in the Rhone catchment, this species was only caught in Geneva, Annecy and Chalain.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="139.[112,1224,1720,2032]" box="[1041,1092,1784,1799]" pageId="139" pageNumber="142">
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<superScript attach="right" box="[1041,1092,1784,1799]" fontSize="6" pageId="139" pageNumber="142">[9, 183]</superScript>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="140.[458,1569,187,400]" box="[459,1477,187,208]" pageId="140" pageNumber="143">
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<emphasis box="[459,1477,187,208]" italics="true" pageId="140" pageNumber="143">Genetic differences among catchments, and between lake and stream populations in the Aare-Rhine</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="140.[458,1569,187,400]" pageId="140" pageNumber="143">
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Analysis of
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<taxonomicName box="[570,696,218,240]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cottidae" genus="Cottus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpaeniformes" pageId="140" pageNumber="143" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gobio">Cottus gobio</taxonomicName>
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collected in Projet Lac and an earlier Eawag project “BioChange” identified that the populations of
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<taxonomicName box="[570,697,250,272]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cottidae" genus="Cottus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpaeniformes" pageId="140" pageNumber="143" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gobio">Cottus gobio</taxonomicName>
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in the Rhine (Aare, but also including Geneva), Rhone (Doubs, but not Geneva) and Po catchments showed substantial genetic differentiation (
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<figureCitation box="[1017,1112,282,304]" captionStart="Figure 55" captionStartId="141.[115,173,2078,2095]" captionTargetBox="[121,1192,1269,2023]" captionTargetId="figure-36@141.[113,1220,1269,2023]" captionTargetPageId="141" captionText="Figure 55: Phylogenetic relationships of Cottus from perialpine lakes (green labels) and streams/rivers (blue labels). RAxML tree with 100 bootstrap replicates. Grey dots on nodes indicate>50% bootstrap support. Adapted from Lucek et al. [41]." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5779689" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5779689/files/figure.png" pageId="140" pageNumber="143">Figure 55</figureCitation>
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)
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<superScript attach="right" box="[1125,1150,280,295]" fontSize="6" pageId="140" pageNumber="143">[41]</superScript>
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. The similarity of the
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<taxonomicName box="[1366,1450,282,304]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cottidae" genus="Cottus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpaeniformes" pageId="140" pageNumber="143" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gobio">C. gobio</taxonomicName>
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in Lake Geneva to populations in the Rhine catchment had already been shown in earlier work
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<superScript attach="none" box="[1295,1328,312,327]" fontSize="6" pageId="140" pageNumber="143">[184]</superScript>
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and is attributed to fish crossing from the Upper Rhine to Rhone through ephemeral waterways formed at the retreating edge of the Rhone glacier in the early Holocene (c. 11,000 years ago).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="140.[458,1569,442,688]" pageId="140" pageNumber="143">
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In addition, lake populations of
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<taxonomicName authorityName="C.Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[775,840,442,463]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cottidae" genus="Cottus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpaeniformes" pageId="140" pageNumber="143" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Cottus</taxonomicName>
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within the Aare-Rhine catchment were genetically distinct from stream populations, whereas lake populations were more similar to each other than to geographically intervening stream populations. Lake and stream
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<taxonomicName authorityName="C.Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[884,949,506,527]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cottidae" genus="Cottus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpaeniformes" pageId="140" pageNumber="143" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Cottus</taxonomicName>
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in the Aare catchment thus seem to belong to two distinct evolutionary lineages, possibly representing two separate colonisations (with lakes Constance and Geneva belonging to the stream lineage).This suggested that recolonization of Switzerland after deglaciation occurred in two waves, with the stream lineage representing the first wave of colonization. The lake lineage only arrived in the Aare after lakes Constance and Geneva had become inaccessible for colonisation of fish from the Aare; respectively by the Rhine falls in Constance and the retreat of the Rhone glacier further into the Alps for Geneva
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<superScript attach="right" box="[1536,1561,664,679]" fontSize="6" pageId="140" pageNumber="143">[41]</superScript>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="140.[458,1569,442,688]" box="[664,688,504,519]" pageId="140" pageNumber="143">
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<superScript attach="right" box="[664,688,504,519]" fontSize="6" pageId="140" pageNumber="143">[41]</superScript>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="140.[457,1569,731,1008]" box="[459,1201,731,752]" pageId="140" pageNumber="143">
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<emphasis box="[459,1201,731,752]" italics="true" pageId="140" pageNumber="143">Phenotypic and genetic differences between littoral and profundal forms</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="140.[457,1569,731,1008]" pageId="140" pageNumber="143">
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Phenotypically distinct forms of
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<taxonomicName authorityName="C.Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[779,844,762,783]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cottidae" genus="Cottus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpaeniformes" pageId="140" pageNumber="143" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Cottus</taxonomicName>
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were recorded in the profundal zone of lakes in the Aare and Po-Adriatic catchments to almost the deepest point of several lakes. In the Aare catchment,
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<taxonomicName authorityName="C.Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[1270,1335,794,815]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cottidae" genus="Cottus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpaeniformes" pageId="140" pageNumber="143" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Cottus</taxonomicName>
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were caught to
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deep in Lake Thun (lake max depth
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=
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), to
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deep in Lake Lucerne (
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=
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) and to
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in Lake Walen (
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=
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<quantity box="[675,739,858,880]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.51" pageId="140" pageNumber="143" unit="m" value="151.0">151 m</quantity>
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). Also in the Po-Adriatic catchment,
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<taxonomicName authorityName="C.Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[1093,1158,858,879]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cottidae" genus="Cottus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpaeniformes" pageId="140" pageNumber="143" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Cottus</taxonomicName>
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were caught to
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deep in Lake Maggiore (
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=
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) and to
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<quantity box="[732,796,890,912]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.9" pageId="140" pageNumber="143" unit="m" value="290.0">290 m</quantity>
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deep in Lake Garda (
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=
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<quantity box="[1073,1138,890,912]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" pageId="140" pageNumber="143" unit="m" value="350.0">350 m</quantity>
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).The deep-caught fish were paler in colour and tended to have flatter heads compared to the fish caught in the littoral zone of the same lakes (
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<figureCitation box="[1461,1555,922,944]" captionStart="Figure 53" captionStartId="140.[460,518,2014,2031]" captionTargetBox="[458,1562,1474,1973]" captionTargetId="figure-640@140.[458,1562,1474,1974]" captionTargetPageId="140" captionText="Figure 53: Littoral (left) and profundal (right) Cottus were phenotypically distinct in lakes Thun (shown in photos), Walen and Lucerne in the Rhine catchment and lakes Garda and Maggiore in the Po catchment." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5779683" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5779683/files/figure.png" pageId="140" pageNumber="143">Figure 53</figureCitation>
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). In the Po-Adriatic lakes the profundal fish corresponded to
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<taxonomicName box="[1058,1245,954,976]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cottidae" genus="Cottus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpaeniformes" pageId="140" pageNumber="143" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ferrugineus">Cottus ferrugineus</taxonomicName>
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(described by Heckel & Kner in 1858), currently considered a synonym of
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<taxonomicName box="[877,960,986,1008]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cottidae" genus="Cottus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpaeniformes" pageId="140" pageNumber="143" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gobio">C. gobio</taxonomicName>
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(
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<figureCitation box="[973,1067,986,1008]" captionStart="Figure 54" captionStartId="141.[115,173,1214,1231]" captionTargetBox="[120,1213,204,1168]" captionTargetId="figure-8@141.[113,1213,179,1179]" captionTargetPageId="141" captionText="Figure 54: Phenotypic differences between littoral and profundal Cottus were consistent with the distinction between Cottus gobio (top) and Cottus ferrugineus (bottom) in Seeley [185]." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5779685" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5779685/files/figure.png" pageId="140" pageNumber="143">Figure 54</figureCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="140.[458,1570,1050,1424]" pageId="140" pageNumber="143">
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Parts of the genomes of profundal and littoral individuals from lakes Thun, Walen and Lucerne were analysed in detail. Significant genomic differentiation between littoral and profundal
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<taxonomicName authorityName="C.Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[1224,1289,1082,1103]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cottidae" genus="Cottus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpaeniformes" pageId="140" pageNumber="143" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Cottus</taxonomicName>
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existed in Lake Walen, but not in lakes Lucerne or Thun. However, several genetic loci showed substantial genetic differentiation between the profundal and littoral populations, especially in Lake Thun, suggesting that the very small number of profundal fish that were available for analysis (e.g. n =
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Lake Thun) may have limited the ability to detect genomewide differentiation. Alternatively, it is possible that the phenotypic differences are the result of plasticity (i.e. the ability of one genotype to produce different phenotypes when exposed to different environments) and further research with a greater number profundal fish is required to properly understand the situation. Sufficient numbers of profundal fish from lakes Maggiore and Garda were not available to test for genomic differentiation. However, DNA barcoding revealed that three profundal fish from Maggiore and Garda belonged to a different mitochondrial lineage than the one barcoded littoral fish from Lake Maggiore and two stream fish from the Maggia (collected by Progetto Fiumi).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |