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<mods:title id="8218AD15604D803775D480E02F3C6F4B">The taxonomy of Indian gorgonians: an assessment of the descriptive records of gorgonians (Anthozoa: Octocorallia: Alcyonacea) recorded as occurring in the territorial waters of India, along with neighbouring regions and the Andaman and Nicobar Islands, and the highlighting of perceived unethical practice</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="9B96978C387B75B265526B2D68990457">Ramvilas, Ghosh</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="9BE5842A1E5C9F2FBD5454C4B7C5A264">Alderslade, Philip</mods:namePart>
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<treatment id="0388B6417B43FFFAFF56FA53FC40FF1A" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7641121" ID-GBIF-Taxon="209290989" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7641121" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0388B6417B43FFFAFF56FA53FC40FF1A" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/0388B6417B43FFFAFF56FA53FC40FF1A" lastPageId="86" lastPageNumber="86" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">
<subSubSection id="C33B54DC7B43FFF9FF56FA53FCA6FA0B" box="[151,856,1450,1477]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8B9E07577B43FFF9FF56FA53FCA6FA0B" blockId="85.[151,856,1450,1477]" box="[151,856,1450,1477]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">
<heading id="D0D6B03B7B43FFF9FF56FA53FCA6FA0B" bold="true" box="[151,856,1450,1477]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" reason="4">
<emphasis id="B955DB457B43FFF9FF56FA53FCA6FA0B" bold="true" box="[151,856,1450,1477]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">
<taxonomicName id="4C217CD47B43FFF9FF56FA53FDE8FA0B" authority="Fernando, 2011" authorityName="Fernando" authorityYear="2011" box="[151,534,1450,1477]" class="Anthozoa" family="Ellisellidae" genus="Ellisella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="bayeri">
<emphasis id="B955DB457B43FFF9FF56FA53FEB3FA0A" bold="true" box="[151,333,1450,1477]" italics="true" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">Ellisella bayeri</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B43FFF9FE95FA52FDE8FA0B" author="Fernando, S. A." box="[340,534,1450,1477]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" refId="ref100707" refString="Fernando, S. A. (2011) Monograph on Gorgonids (Sea fans) of India. Centre of Advanced Study in Marine Biology, Faculty of Marine Sciences, Parangipettai, 145 pp." type="book" year="2011">Fernando, 2011</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(species status uncertain)
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C33B54DC7B43FFF9FF56FA16FD59F942" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8B9E07577B43FFF9FF56FA16FE97F9E9" blockId="85.[151,1436,1519,1605]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">
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<treatmentCitation id="0A8021467B43FFF9FF56FA16FDD8F9C8" author="Fernando, S. A." box="[151,550,1519,1543]" page="110" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" year="2011">
<taxonomicName id="4C217CD47B43FFF9FF56FA16FDD8F9C8" authority="Fernando, 2011: 110" authorityName="Fernando" authorityPageNumber="110" authorityYear="2011" box="[151,550,1519,1543]" class="Anthozoa" family="Ellisellidae" genus="Ellisella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="bayeri">
<emphasis id="B955DB457B43FFF9FF56FA16FEC7F9C8" box="[151,313,1519,1543]" italics="true" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">Ellisella bayeri</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B43FFF9FE87FA16FDD8F9C8" author="Fernando, S. A." box="[326,550,1519,1543]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" refId="ref100707" refString="Fernando, S. A. (2011) Monograph on Gorgonids (Sea fans) of India. Centre of Advanced Study in Marine Biology, Faculty of Marine Sciences, Parangipettai, 145 pp." type="book" year="2011">Fernando, 2011: 110</bibRefCitation>
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, pl. 68, fig. 11d (Kanyakumari);
<treatmentCitation id="0A8021467B43FFF9FC69FA16FB37F9C8" author="Fernando, S. &amp; Venkataraman, K. &amp; Raghunathan, C." box="[936,1225,1519,1543]" page="228" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" year="2017">
<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B43FFF9FC69FA16FB37F9C8" author="Fernando, S. &amp; Venkataraman, K. &amp; Raghunathan, C." box="[936,1225,1519,1543]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" refId="ref100744" refString="Fernando, S. A, Venkataraman, K. &amp; Raghunathan, C. (2017) Gorgonians of Indian sea. Director, Zoological Survey of India, Kolkata, 330 pp. Available from: https: // www. nhbs. com / (accessed 21 March 2022)" type="book" year="2017">
Fernando
<emphasis id="B955DB457B43FFF9FBD5FA09FBB9F9C8" box="[1044,1095,1519,1543]" italics="true" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">et al</emphasis>
. 2017: 228
</bibRefCitation>
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, pl. 105, fig. 11d (Kanyakumari).
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9E07577B43FFF9FF56F9D4FC38F98B" blockId="85.[151,1436,1519,1605]" box="[151,966,1580,1605]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB3120797B43FFF9FF56F9D4FC38F98B" box="[151,966,1580,1605]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">
?
<treatmentCitation id="0A8021467B43FFF9FF68F9D5FD8DF98A" author="Fernando, S. A." box="[169,627,1580,1605]" page="112" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" year="2011">
<taxonomicName id="4C217CD47B43FFF9FF68F9D5FD8DF98A" authority="Fernando, 2011: 111 - 112" authorityName="Fernando" authorityPageNumber="111 - 112" authorityYear="2011" box="[169,627,1580,1605]" class="Anthozoa" family="Ellisellidae" genus="Ellisella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="grasshoffi">
<emphasis id="B955DB457B43FFF9FF68F9D5FE97F98B" box="[169,361,1580,1604]" italics="true" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">Ellisella grasshoffi</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B43FFF9FEAEF9D5FD8DF98A" author="Fernando, S. A." box="[367,627,1580,1605]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" refId="ref100707" refString="Fernando, S. A. (2011) Monograph on Gorgonids (Sea fans) of India. Centre of Advanced Study in Marine Biology, Faculty of Marine Sciences, Parangipettai, 145 pp." type="book" year="2011">Fernando, 2011: 111112</bibRefCitation>
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, pl. 70, fig. 11e (Thiruchendur).
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9E07577B43FFF9FF56F98AFD59F942" blockId="85.[151,679,1651,1677]" box="[151,679,1651,1677]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">Opinion: This species does occur in the region.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C33B54DC7B43FFFAFF56F942FC40FF1A" lastPageId="86" lastPageNumber="87" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" type="description">
<paragraph id="8B9E07577B43FFF9FF56F942FED7F91A" blockId="85.[151,1437,1723,2037]" box="[151,297,1723,1749]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">Justification:</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9E07577B43FFFAFF06F926FC40FF1A" blockId="85.[151,1437,1723,2037]" lastBlockId="86.[151,1437,151,213]" lastPageId="86" lastPageNumber="87" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">
<emphasis id="B955DB457B43FFF9FF06F926FE60F936" box="[199,414,1759,1785]" italics="true" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">Literature analysis</emphasis>
: The publications of
<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B43FFF9FD5BF926FCA6F936" author="Fernando, S. A." box="[666,856,1759,1785]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" refId="ref100707" refString="Fernando, S. A. (2011) Monograph on Gorgonids (Sea fans) of India. Centre of Advanced Study in Marine Biology, Faculty of Marine Sciences, Parangipettai, 145 pp." type="book" year="2011">Fernando (2011)</bibRefCitation>
and
<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B43FFF9FC54F926FB64F936" author="Fernando, S. &amp; Venkataraman, K. &amp; Raghunathan, C." box="[917,1178,1759,1785]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" refId="ref100744" refString="Fernando, S. A, Venkataraman, K. &amp; Raghunathan, C. (2017) Gorgonians of Indian sea. Director, Zoological Survey of India, Kolkata, 330 pp. Available from: https: // www. nhbs. com / (accessed 21 March 2022)" type="book" year="2017">
Fernando
<emphasis id="B955DB457B43FFF9FBCBF926FBBBF936" box="[1034,1093,1759,1785]" italics="true" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">et al.</emphasis>
(2017)
</bibRefCitation>
both present identical accounts, but without more detailed descriptions and larger illustrations of the sclerites it would be difficult to recognise their species, and without a revision of the genus it would probably be impossible to assess its validity as a new species. The authors state, “The colony morphology and arrangements of the sclerites and their structure and dimension and the colour of the colony are distinct from other species of
<taxonomicName id="4C217CD47B43FFF9FBD2F896FB8EF846" authorityName=", Simpson" authorityYear="1910" box="[1043,1136,1903,1929]" class="Anthozoa" family="Ellisellidae" genus="Ellisella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B955DB457B43FFF9FBD2F896FB8EF846" box="[1043,1136,1903,1929]" italics="true" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">Ellisella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
reported so far”, which is not quite accurate. The colony shape, for example, is similar to their specimens identified as
<taxonomicName id="4C217CD47B43FFF9FB77F86AFAA9F862" authorityName=", Fernando" authorityYear="2011" box="[1206,1367,1939,1965]" class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Villogorgia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="ceylonensis">
<emphasis id="B955DB457B43FFF9FB77F86AFAA9F862" box="[1206,1367,1939,1965]" italics="true" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">E. ceylonensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, to
<taxonomicName id="4C217CD47B43FFF9FA45F86AFE5FF81E" authority="Simpson" authorityName="Simpson" authorityYear="1910" class="Anthozoa" family="Ellisellidae" genus="Scirpearia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="andamanensis">
<emphasis id="B955DB457B43FFF9FA45F86AFEC9F81E" italics="true" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">E. andamanensis</emphasis>
Simpson
</taxonomicName>
, and to
<taxonomicName id="4C217CD47B43FFF9FE3DF84EFD7EF81F" authorityName="Grasshoff" authorityYear="1999" box="[508,640,1975,2000]" class="Anthozoa" family="Ellisellidae" genus="Ellisella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="nuctenea">
<emphasis id="B955DB457B43FFF9FE3DF84EFD7EF81F" box="[508,640,1975,2000]" italics="true" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">E. nuctenea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C217CD47B43FFF9FD79F84EFC0EF81E" authority="Grasshoff, 1999" authorityName="Grasshoff" authorityYear="1999" box="[696,1008,1975,2001]" class="Anthozoa" family="Ellisellidae" genus="Ellisella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="acacesia">
<emphasis id="B955DB457B43FFF9FD79F84EFCCCF81F" box="[696,818,1975,2000]" italics="true" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">E acacesia</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B43FFF9FCF8F84EFC0EF81E" author="Grasshoff, M." box="[825,1008,1975,2001]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" pagination="1 - 121" refId="ref101429" refString="Grasshoff, M. (1999) The shallow water gorgonians of New Caledonia and adjacent islands (Coelenterata: Octocorallia). Senckenbergiana biologica, 78 (1 / 2), 1 - 121." type="journal article" year="1999">Grasshoff, 1999</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
. The sclerite arrangement presumably refers to their “spindles concentrate around the polyps”, which is actually characteristic of the genus. The spindles are quite long, but those, for example, in
<taxonomicName id="4C217CD47B40FFFAFD9AFF6EFCD1FF7E" authority="Studer" authorityName="Studer" authorityYear="1878" box="[603,815,151,177]" class="Anthozoa" family="Ellisellidae" genus="Ellisella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="maculate">
<emphasis id="B955DB457B40FFFAFD9AFF6EFD1EFF7E" box="[603,736,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">E. maculate</emphasis>
Studer
</taxonomicName>
or
<taxonomicName id="4C217CD47B40FFFAFC93FF6EFB81FF7E" authority="(Simpson)" baseAuthorityName="Simpson" baseAuthorityYear="1910" box="[850,1151,151,177]" class="Anthozoa" family="Ellisellidae" genus="Ellisella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="quadriliniata">
<emphasis id="B955DB457B40FFFAFC93FF6EFBFAFF7E" box="[850,1028,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">E. quadriliniata</emphasis>
(Simpson)
</taxonomicName>
are as long or longer. The species bears a significant resemblance to
<taxonomicName id="4C217CD47B40FFFAFDB0FF42FC47FF1A" authority="Fernando, 2011" authorityName="Fernando" authorityYear="2011" box="[625,953,187,213]" class="Anthozoa" family="Ellisellidae" genus="Ellisella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="grasshoffi">
<emphasis id="B955DB457B40FFFAFDB0FF42FCFFFF1A" box="[625,769,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">E. grasshoffi</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B40FFFAFCC9FF42FC47FF1A" author="Fernando, S. A." box="[776,953,187,213]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" refId="ref100707" refString="Fernando, S. A. (2011) Monograph on Gorgonids (Sea fans) of India. Centre of Advanced Study in Marine Biology, Faculty of Marine Sciences, Parangipettai, 145 pp." type="book" year="2011">Fernando, 2011</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
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