178 lines
20 KiB
XML
178 lines
20 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="30EE38F268D50544B2C8AE6619C8A731">The taxonomy of Indian gorgonians: an assessment of the descriptive records of gorgonians (Anthozoa: Octocorallia: Alcyonacea) recorded as occurring in the territorial waters of India, along with neighbouring regions and the Andaman and Nicobar Islands, and the highlighting of perceived unethical practice</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="BB283BA3066DF4C7AD6F54DE04F924EA">Ramvilas, Ghosh</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="3560C471F5F79A2FD097310BAE41D43F">Alderslade, Philip</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="F96D9C9B0F5CC04FDA964D8D3CCE045A" type="email">phil.alderslade@csiro.au</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="2122E4C4B2B38AB6A74421911D70BE15">Ranjeet, Kutty</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="AE1CD4A4383D7F3D4824AB8BE658EF62" type="email">ramvilas@kufos.ac.in</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:title id="7FC7A09A671BB6DDCC468F412C89C310">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="B2E0A850D8AFFAB4A14B4F90EA20B7D5">2023</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="18DB2827500885054EC411CFD564B0AE">2023-02-07</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="A97AA127D3A8B99F09D83478A5994DAA">5236</mods:number>
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<treatment id="0388B6417B24FF9FFF56F9B9FA80FE62" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7641072" ID-GBIF-Taxon="209291267" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7641072" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0388B6417B24FF9FFF56F9B9FA80FE62" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/0388B6417B24FF9FFF56F9B9FA80FE62" lastPageId="51" lastPageNumber="52" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">
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<subSubSection id="C33B54DC7B24FF9EFF56F9B9FD59F995" box="[151,679,1599,1626]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8B9E07577B24FF9EFF56F9B9FD59F995" blockId="50.[151,679,1599,1626]" box="[151,679,1599,1626]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">
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<heading id="D0D6B03B7B24FF9EFF56F9B9FD59F995" bold="true" box="[151,679,1599,1626]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" reason="4">
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<taxonomicName id="4C217CD47B24FF9EFF56F9B9FD59F995" ID-CoL="8538S" authority="(Nutting, 1910)" baseAuthorityName="Nutting" baseAuthorityYear="1910" box="[151,679,1599,1626]" class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Discogorgia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="campanulifera">
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<emphasis id="B955DB457B24FF9EFF56F9B9FD59F995" bold="true" box="[151,679,1599,1626]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">
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<emphasis id="B955DB457B24FF9EFF56F9B9FE1DF995" bold="true" box="[151,483,1599,1626]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Discogorgia campanulifera</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B24FF9EFE33F9B9FD61F995" author="Nutting, C. C." box="[498,671,1600,1626]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" pagination="1 - 108" refId="ref104950" refString="Nutting, C. C. (1910) The Gorgonacea of the Siboga Expedition III. The Muriceidae. Siboga-Expeditie Monograph, 13 b, 1 - 108." type="journal article" year="1910">Nutting, 1910</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C33B54DC7B24FF9EFF56F97DFC70F8ED" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8B9E07577B24FF9EFF56F97DFB8DF953" blockId="50.[151,1139,1668,1754]" box="[151,1139,1668,1693]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB3120797B24FF9EFF56F97DFB8DF953" box="[151,1139,1668,1693]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">
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<treatmentCitation id="0A8021467B24FF9EFF56F97DFD6FF952" author="Nutting, C. C." box="[151,657,1668,1693]" page="78" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" year="1910">
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<taxonomicName id="4C217CD47B24FF9EFF56F97DFD6FF952" authority="Nutting, 1910: 77 - 78" authorityName="Nutting" authorityPageNumber="77 - 78" authorityYear="1910" box="[151,657,1668,1693]" class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Placogorgia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="campanulifera">
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<emphasis id="B955DB457B24FF9EFF56F97DFE51F953" box="[151,431,1668,1692]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Placogorgia campanulifera</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B24FF9EFE74F97DFD6FF952" author="Nutting, C. C." box="[437,657,1668,1693]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" pagination="1 - 108" refId="ref104950" refString="Nutting, C. C. (1910) The Gorgonacea of the Siboga Expedition III. The Muriceidae. Siboga-Expeditie Monograph, 13 b, 1 - 108." type="journal article" year="1910">Nutting, 1910: 77–78</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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, pl. 11, figs. 3, 3a; pl. 21, fig. 13 (Bay of Bima)
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9E07577B24FF9EFF56F95DFD75F974" blockId="50.[151,1139,1668,1754]" box="[151,651,1699,1723]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB3120797B24FF9EFF56F95DFD75F974" box="[151,651,1699,1723]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">
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<treatmentCitation id="0A8021467B24FF9EFF56F95DFD75F974" author="Kukenthal, W." box="[151,651,1699,1723]" page="842" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" year="1919">
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<taxonomicName id="4C217CD47B24FF9EFF56F95DFD75F974" ID-CoL="8538S" authority="Kukenthal 1919: 842" authorityName="Kukenthal" authorityPageNumber="842" authorityYear="1919" box="[151,651,1699,1723]" class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Discogorgia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="campanulifera">
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<emphasis id="B955DB457B24FF9EFF56F95DFE51F974" box="[151,431,1699,1723]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Discogorgia campanulifera</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B24FF9EFE74F95AFD75F974" author="Kukenthal, W." box="[437,651,1699,1723]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" pagination="1 - 946" refId="ref103239" refString="Kukenthal, W. (1919) Gorgonaria. Wissensschaftliche Ergebnisse der Deutschen Tiefsee - Expedition auf dem Dampfer " Valdivia ", 1898 - 1899, 13, 1 - 946." type="journal article" year="1919">Kükenthal 1919: 842</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="8B9E07577B24FF9EFF56F93BFD6CF915" blockId="50.[151,1139,1668,1754]" box="[151,658,1730,1754]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB3120797B24FF9EFF56F93BFD6CF915" box="[151,658,1730,1754]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">
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<treatmentCitation id="0A8021467B24FF9EFF56F93BFD70F915" author="Kukenthal, W." box="[151,654,1730,1754]" page="213" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" year="1924">
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<taxonomicName id="4C217CD47B24FF9EFF56F93BFD70F915" ID-CoL="8538S" authority="Kukenthal 1924: 213" authorityName="Kukenthal" authorityPageNumber="213" authorityYear="1924" box="[151,654,1730,1754]" class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Discogorgia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="campanulifera">
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||
<emphasis id="B955DB457B24FF9EFF56F93BFE51F915" box="[151,431,1730,1754]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Discogorgia campanulifera</emphasis>
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B24FF9EFE74F93BFD70F915" author="Kukenthal, W." box="[437,654,1730,1754]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" refId="ref103272" refString="Kukenthal, W. (1924) Gorgonaria. Das Tierreich. Vol. 47. Walter de Gruyter and Co., Berlin und Leipzig, xxviii + 478 pp." type="book" year="1924">Kükenthal 1924: 213</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</treatmentCitation>
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.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9E07577B24FF9EFF56F8F1FC70F8ED" blockId="50.[151,910,1800,1827]" box="[151,910,1800,1827]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Opinion: There is no evidence that this species occurs in the region.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C33B54DC7B24FF9FFF56F8A9FA80FE62" lastPageId="51" lastPageNumber="52" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8B9E07577B24FF9EFF56F8A9FED7F8A5" blockId="50.[151,1436,1872,1970]" box="[151,297,1872,1898]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Justification:</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9E07577B24FF9EFF06F88DFEE9F87D" blockId="50.[151,1436,1872,1970]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">
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<emphasis id="B955DB457B24FF9EFF06F88DFC56F841" box="[199,936,1908,1934]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">These Indian records seem to be either invalid or unconfirmable</emphasis>
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:
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B24FF9EFC78F88DFAF2F841" author="Thomas, P. A. & George, R. M. & Lazarus, S." box="[953,1292,1908,1935]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" pagination="134 - 142" refId="ref108160" refString="Thomas, P. A., George, R. M. & Lazarus, S. (1995) Distribution of gorgonids in the northeast coast of India with particular reference to Heterogorgia flabellum (Pallas). Journal of the Marine Biological Association of India, 37, 134 - 142." type="journal article" year="1995">
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Thomas
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<emphasis id="B955DB457B24FF9EFBDDF88CFBB1F841" box="[1052,1103,1908,1934]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">et al</emphasis>
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. 1995: 136–138
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</bibRefCitation>
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, fig. 2c, 1–3 (NE coast).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9E07577B24FF9FFF06F818FCF0FE8E" blockId="50.[199,1436,2016,2043]" lastBlockId="51.[151,1436,151,429]" lastPageId="51" lastPageNumber="52" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">
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<emphasis id="B955DB457B24FF9EFF06F818FE64F835" box="[199,410,2016,2042]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Literature analysis</emphasis>
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||
: This species, first collected in
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<collectingCountry id="F33647C77B24FF9EFD39F819FC96F835" box="[760,872,2016,2042]" name="Indonesia" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
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, was originally named
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<taxonomicName id="4C217CD47B24FF9EFBA9F819FA62F835" authorityName="Nutting" authorityYear="1910" box="[1128,1436,2016,2042]" class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Placogorgia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="campanulifera">
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||
<emphasis id="B955DB457B24FF9EFBA9F819FA62F835" box="[1128,1436,2016,2042]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Placogorgia campanulifera</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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by Nutting, but it was later made the type species of the genus
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<taxonomicName id="4C217CD47B25FF9FFCB4FF6EFBFEFF7F" authorityName="Kükenthal" authorityYear="1919" box="[885,1024,151,176]" class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Discogorgia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
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||
<emphasis id="B955DB457B25FF9FFCB4FF6EFBFEFF7F" box="[885,1024,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Discogorgia</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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by
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B25FF9FFBEEFF6EFB05FF7E" author="Kukenthal, W." box="[1071,1275,151,177]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" pagination="1 - 946" refId="ref103239" refString="Kukenthal, W. (1919) Gorgonaria. Wissensschaftliche Ergebnisse der Deutschen Tiefsee - Expedition auf dem Dampfer " Valdivia ", 1898 - 1899, 13, 1 - 946." type="journal article" year="1919">Kükenthal (1919)</bibRefCitation>
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. Although the species is unrecognisable from Nutting’s poorly illustrated description,
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B25FF9FFC79FF42FB7BFF1A" author="Bayer, F. M." box="[952,1157,186,213]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" pagination="3 - 11" refId="ref98812" refString="Bayer, F. M. (1981) Status of knowledge of octocorals of world seas. Seminarios de Biologia Marinha, Academia Brasileira de Ciencias, 1981, 3 - 11." type="journal article" year="1981">Bayer (1981: 945)</bibRefCitation>
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||
proposed to synonymise the genus
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<taxonomicName id="4C217CD47B25FF9FFECAFF26FE68FF37" authorityName="Kükenthal" authorityYear="1919" box="[267,406,223,248]" class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Discogorgia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B955DB457B25FF9FFECAFF26FE68FF37" box="[267,406,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Discogorgia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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||
with
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<taxonomicName id="4C217CD47B25FF9FFE18FF26FDD6FF36" box="[473,552,223,249]" class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Thesea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
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||
<emphasis id="B955DB457B25FF9FFE18FF26FDD6FF36" box="[473,552,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Thesea</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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, which is how it appears in the WoRMS database.
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<taxonomicName id="4C217CD47B25FF9FFBAEFF26FB40FF36" box="[1135,1214,223,249]" class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Thesea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B955DB457B25FF9FFBAEFF26FB40FF36" box="[1135,1214,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Thesea</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, however, does not occur in the Indo-West-Pacific, and the report by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B25FF9FFD7EFEFAFC55FED2" author="Grasshoff, M." box="[703,939,259,285]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" pagination="1 - 125" refId="ref101466" refString="Grasshoff, M. (2000) The gorgonians of the Sinai coast and the Strait of Gubal, Red Sea (Coelenterata, Octocorallia). Courier Forschungsinstitut Senckenberg, 224, 1 - 125." type="journal article" year="2000">Grasshoff (2000: 63)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, who examined the
|
||
<typeStatus id="549AB9F57B25FF9FFB4BFEFAFB12FED2" box="[1162,1260,259,285]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
of
|
||
<emphasis id="B955DB457B25FF9FFAD0FEFAFEBFFE8E" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C217CD47B25FF9FFAD0FEFAFEC3FE8E" authorityName="Nutting" authorityYear="1910" class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Placogorgia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="campanulifera">Placogorgia campanulifera</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
confirmed
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C217CD47B25FF9FFE02FEDEFDB0FE8F" authorityName="Kükenthal" authorityYear="1919" box="[451,590,295,320]" class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Discogorgia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B955DB457B25FF9FFE02FEDEFDB0FE8F" box="[451,590,295,320]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Discogorgia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as a valid genus.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9E07577B25FF9FFF06FEB2FA80FE62" blockId="51.[151,1436,151,429]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">
|
||
Although the exact details of the characteristics of the taxon are unknown,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B25FF9FFBEAFEB2FAE2FEAA" author="Thomas, P. A. & George, R. M. & Lazarus, S." box="[1067,1308,330,357]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" pagination="134 - 142" refId="ref108160" refString="Thomas, P. A., George, R. M. & Lazarus, S. (1995) Distribution of gorgonids in the northeast coast of India with particular reference to Heterogorgia flabellum (Pallas). Journal of the Marine Biological Association of India, 37, 134 - 142." type="journal article" year="1995">
|
||
Thomas
|
||
<emphasis id="B955DB457B25FF9FFB4FFEB2FB37FEAA" box="[1166,1225,331,357]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(1995)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
assigned a specimen to the species. However, as their material was described as being dichotomously branched, unlike the
|
||
<typeStatus id="549AB9F57B25FF9FFF56FE6AFF02FE62" box="[151,252,403,429]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
, which was an irregular, lateral to pinnately branched fan, the identification would appear to be wrong.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |