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<mods:title id="B67F0FFB034EED55DC513FEA4712E8E3">Taxonomic revision of Neotropical Phyllocnistis Zeller, 1848 (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae), with descriptions of seven new species and host plant associations</mods:title>
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<paragraph id="8860E3345A34FF9A17AAF989FD91F9D5" blockId="21.[151,614,1558,1617]" box="[151,614,1558,1584]" pageId="21" pageNumber="322">
<heading id="D32854585A34FF9A17AAF989FD91F9D5" bold="true" box="[151,614,1558,1584]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="21" pageNumber="322" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="4FDF98B75A34FF9A17AAF989FD91F9D5" ID-CoL="4H65R" authority="Davis, 1994" authorityName="Davis" authorityYear="1994" box="[151,614,1558,1584]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Phyllocnistis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="322" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="puyehuensis">
<emphasis id="BAAB3F265A34FF9A17AAF989FD91F9D5" bold="true" box="[151,614,1558,1584]" pageId="21" pageNumber="322">
<emphasis id="BAAB3F265A34FF9A17AAF989FE38F9D5" bold="true" box="[151,463,1558,1584]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="322">Phyllocnistis puyehuensis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EC4E9EC55A34FF9A16EBF989FD91F9D5" author="Davis" box="[470,614,1558,1584]" pageId="21" pageNumber="322" refString="Davis, D. R. (1994) Neotropical Microlepidoptera 25. New leaf-mining moths from Chile, with remarks on the history and composition of Phyllocnistinae (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae). Tropical Lepidoptera, 5 (1), 65 - 75." type="journal article" year="1994">Davis, 1994</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
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</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8860E3345A34FF9A17AAF9A7FE4DF9B4" blockId="21.[151,614,1558,1617]" box="[151,442,1592,1617]" pageId="21" pageNumber="322">
<figureCitation id="10E4FFB15A34FF9A17AAF9A7FF02F9B4" box="[151,245,1592,1617]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="20.[151,250,1735,1757]" captionTargetBox="[165,1429,193,1723]" captionTargetId="figure@20.[165,1429,193,1723]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURE 3. Forewings of Neotropical Phyllocnistis. (A) P. abatiae holotype (left forewing reversed); (B) P. aurilinea lectotype (left, reversed); (C) P. baccharidis holotype (left, reversed); (D) P. bourquini holotype (right); (E) P. citrella lectotype (left, reversed); (F) P. dorcas holotype (right); (G) P. drimiphaga holotype (right); (H) P. helios holotype (right); (I) P. jupiter paratype (left, reversed); (J) P. kawakitai holotype (left, reversed); (K) P. maxberryi holotype (right); (L) P. meliacella holotype (right); (M) P. norak holotype (right); (N) P. ohshimai holotype (right); (O) P. ourea paratype (right); (P) P. perseafolia holotype (left, reversed); (Q) P. petronellii paratype (right); (R) P. phoebus paratype (left, reversed); (S) P. puyehuensis holotype (right); (T) P. rotans lectotype (right); (U) P. sciophanta holotype (left, reversed); (V) P. selene specimen (left, reversed); (W) P. sexangula lectotype (left, reversed); (X) P. tethys specimen (right); (Y) P. tropaeolicola holotype (right); (Z) P. wygodzinskyi holotype (left, reversed); (AA) P. xylopiella holotype (right). Scale bars: 1 (A H, K, L, O, P, R Z), 0.5 mm (I, J, M, N, Q, AA)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1040009/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="322">Figs. 3S</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="10E4FFB15A34FF9A163CF9A6FED6F9B4" box="[257,289,1593,1617]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="25.[151,250,1837,1859]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1815]" captionTargetId="figure@25.[151,1436,193,1815]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="FIGURE 4. Labels of Neotropical Phyllocnistis types found in museums. (A) P. abatiae; (B) P. aurilinea; (C) P. baccharidis; (D) P. bourquini; (E) P. citrella; (F) P. dorcas; (G) P. drimiphaga; (H) P. helios; (I) P. jupiter; (J) P. kawakitai; (K) P. maxberryi; (L) P. meliacella; (M) P. norak; (N) P. ohshimai; (O) P. ourea; (P) P. perseafolia; (Q) P. petronellii; (R) P. phoebus; (S) P. puyehuensis; (T) P. rotans; (U) P. sciophanta; (V) P. selene; (W) P. sexangula; (X) P. tethys; (Y) P. tropaeolicola; (Z) P. wygodzinskyi; (AA) P. xylopiella." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1040013/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="322">4S</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="10E4FFB15A34FF9A1611F9A7FECBF9B4" box="[300,316,1592,1617]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="27.[151,250,1770,1792]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1748]" captionTargetId="figure@27.[151,1436,193,1748]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="FIGURE 5. Geographical distribution of Phyllocnistis species endemic to the Neotropical region." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1040015/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="322">5</figureCitation>
, S1;
<tableCitation id="C55DD68F5A34FF9A1648F9A7FE4DF9B4" box="[373,442,1592,1617]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="35.[125,194,614,632]" captionText="TABLE 2. (Continued)" pageId="21" pageNumber="322">Tab. 2</tableCitation>
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C0C5B0BF5A34FF9A17AAF91EFBF1F972" box="[151,1030,1665,1687]" pageId="21" pageNumber="322" type="description">
<paragraph id="8860E3345A34FF9A17AAF91EFBF1F972" blockId="21.[151,1030,1665,1687]" box="[151,1030,1665,1687]" pageId="21" pageNumber="322">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="A8CFC41A5A34FF9A17AAF91EFBF1F972" box="[151,1030,1665,1687]" pageId="21" pageNumber="322">
<taxonomicName id="4FDF98B75A34FF9A17AAF91EFE6CF972" ID-CoL="4H65R" authorityName="Davis" authorityYear="1994" box="[151,411,1665,1687]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Phyllocnistis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="322" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="puyehuensis">
<emphasis id="BAAB3F265A34FF9A17AAF91EFE6CF972" box="[151,411,1665,1687]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="322">Phyllocnistis puyehuensis</emphasis>
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;
<treatmentCitation id="097EC5255A34FF9A1694F91EFDB3F972" author="Davis" box="[425,580,1665,1687]" page="72" pageId="21" pageNumber="322" year="1994">
<bibRefCitation id="EC4E9EC55A34FF9A1694F91EFDD6F972" author="Davis" box="[425,545,1665,1687]" pageId="21" pageNumber="322" refString="Davis, D. R. (1994) Neotropical Microlepidoptera 25. New leaf-mining moths from Chile, with remarks on the history and composition of Phyllocnistinae (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae). Tropical Lepidoptera, 5 (1), 65 - 75." type="journal article" year="1994">Davis 1994</bibRefCitation>
: 72
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74, figs. 4, 5457. De Prins
<emphasis id="BAAB3F265A34FF9A1451F91DFC6FF972" box="[876,920,1665,1687]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="322">et al</emphasis>
. 2016: 37.
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<subSubSection id="C0C5B0BF5A34FF9A17AAF95CFDBFF875" pageId="21" pageNumber="322" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8860E3345A34FF9A17AAF95CFD7CF889" blockId="21.[151,1436,1731,2011]" pageId="21" pageNumber="322">
<emphasis id="BAAB3F265A34FF9A17AAF95CFEC9F939" bold="true" box="[151,318,1731,1756]" pageId="21" pageNumber="322">Type material</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName id="4FDF98B75A34FF9A1670F95CFD08F939" authority="Davis, 1994" authorityName="Davis" authorityYear="1994" box="[333,767,1731,1756]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Phyllocnistis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="322" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="puyehuensis">
<emphasis id="BAAB3F265A34FF9A1670F95CFD98F939" box="[333,623,1731,1756]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="322">Phyllocnistis puyehuensis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EC4E9EC55A34FF9A154AF95CFD08F939" author="Davis" box="[631,767,1731,1756]" pageId="21" pageNumber="322" refString="Davis, D. R. (1994) Neotropical Microlepidoptera 25. New leaf-mining moths from Chile, with remarks on the history and composition of Phyllocnistinae (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae). Tropical Lepidoptera, 5 (1), 65 - 75." type="journal article" year="1994">Davis, 1994</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
description was based on two males from Puyehue, Aguas Calientes National Park, Chile. The male holotype (
<figureCitation id="10E4FFB15A34FF9A15CCF978FCB1F8E5" box="[753,838,1767,1792]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="20.[151,250,1735,1757]" captionTargetBox="[165,1429,193,1723]" captionTargetId="figure@20.[165,1429,193,1723]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURE 3. Forewings of Neotropical Phyllocnistis. (A) P. abatiae holotype (left forewing reversed); (B) P. aurilinea lectotype (left, reversed); (C) P. baccharidis holotype (left, reversed); (D) P. bourquini holotype (right); (E) P. citrella lectotype (left, reversed); (F) P. dorcas holotype (right); (G) P. drimiphaga holotype (right); (H) P. helios holotype (right); (I) P. jupiter paratype (left, reversed); (J) P. kawakitai holotype (left, reversed); (K) P. maxberryi holotype (right); (L) P. meliacella holotype (right); (M) P. norak holotype (right); (N) P. ohshimai holotype (right); (O) P. ourea paratype (right); (P) P. perseafolia holotype (left, reversed); (Q) P. petronellii paratype (right); (R) P. phoebus paratype (left, reversed); (S) P. puyehuensis holotype (right); (T) P. rotans lectotype (right); (U) P. sciophanta holotype (left, reversed); (V) P. selene specimen (left, reversed); (W) P. sexangula lectotype (left, reversed); (X) P. tethys specimen (right); (Y) P. tropaeolicola holotype (right); (Z) P. wygodzinskyi holotype (left, reversed); (AA) P. xylopiella holotype (right). Scale bars: 1 (A H, K, L, O, P, R Z), 0.5 mm (I, J, M, N, Q, AA)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1040009/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="322">Fig. 3S</figureCitation>
) figured is deposited at ZMUC, with the following labels (separated by forward slash symbols,
<figureCitation id="10E4FFB15A34FF9A15A4F894FD07F8C1" box="[665,752,1803,1828]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="25.[151,250,1837,1859]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1815]" captionTargetId="figure@25.[151,1436,193,1815]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="FIGURE 4. Labels of Neotropical Phyllocnistis types found in museums. (A) P. abatiae; (B) P. aurilinea; (C) P. baccharidis; (D) P. bourquini; (E) P. citrella; (F) P. dorcas; (G) P. drimiphaga; (H) P. helios; (I) P. jupiter; (J) P. kawakitai; (K) P. maxberryi; (L) P. meliacella; (M) P. norak; (N) P. ohshimai; (O) P. ourea; (P) P. perseafolia; (Q) P. petronellii; (R) P. phoebus; (S) P. puyehuensis; (T) P. rotans; (U) P. sciophanta; (V) P. selene; (W) P. sexangula; (X) P. tethys; (Y) P. tropaeolicola; (Z) P. wygodzinskyi; (AA) P. xylopiella." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1040013/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="322">Fig. 4S</figureCitation>
): / HOLOTYPE
<taxonomicName id="4FDF98B75A34FF9A148AF894FAD1F8C1" authority="Davis" authorityName="Davis" authorityYear="1994" box="[951,1318,1803,1828]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Phyllocnistis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="322" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="puyehuensis">
<emphasis id="BAAB3F265A34FF9A148AF894FB2CF8C1" box="[951,1243,1803,1828]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="322">Phyllocnistis puyehuensis</emphasis>
Davis
</taxonomicName>
/ CHILE, Osorno 16: Parque Nacional Puyehue, Aguas Calientes,
<quantity id="4F274ED15A34FF9A1421F8B0FC90F8A2" box="[796,871,1839,1864]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" pageId="21" pageNumber="322" unit="m" value="450.0">450 m</quantity>
,
<date id="FC61C5F45A34FF9A1448F8B0FC03F8AD" box="[885,1012,1839,1864]" pageId="21" pageNumber="322" value="1981-12-12">12.xii.1981</date>
Nielsen &amp; Karsholt /. Paratype male with the same data of the holotype (ZMUC).
</paragraph>
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<emphasis id="BAAB3F265A34FF9A17FAF8E8FE7DF875" bold="true" box="[199,394,1911,1936]" pageId="21" pageNumber="322">Forewing length</emphasis>
.
<quantity id="4F274ED15A34FF9A16AAF8E8FE0CF86A" box="[407,507,1911,1936]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.65" pageId="21" pageNumber="322" unit="mm" value="2.65">2.65 mm</quantity>
(n=1).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
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<emphasis id="BAAB3F265A34FF9A17FAF804FECDF851" bold="true" box="[199,314,1947,1972]" pageId="21" pageNumber="322">Diagnosis</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="10E4FFB15A34FF9A1676F804FE3CF851" box="[331,459,1947,1972]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="20.[151,250,1735,1757]" captionTargetBox="[165,1429,193,1723]" captionTargetId="figure@20.[165,1429,193,1723]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURE 3. Forewings of Neotropical Phyllocnistis. (A) P. abatiae holotype (left forewing reversed); (B) P. aurilinea lectotype (left, reversed); (C) P. baccharidis holotype (left, reversed); (D) P. bourquini holotype (right); (E) P. citrella lectotype (left, reversed); (F) P. dorcas holotype (right); (G) P. drimiphaga holotype (right); (H) P. helios holotype (right); (I) P. jupiter paratype (left, reversed); (J) P. kawakitai holotype (left, reversed); (K) P. maxberryi holotype (right); (L) P. meliacella holotype (right); (M) P. norak holotype (right); (N) P. ohshimai holotype (right); (O) P. ourea paratype (right); (P) P. perseafolia holotype (left, reversed); (Q) P. petronellii paratype (right); (R) P. phoebus paratype (left, reversed); (S) P. puyehuensis holotype (right); (T) P. rotans lectotype (right); (U) P. sciophanta holotype (left, reversed); (V) P. selene specimen (left, reversed); (W) P. sexangula lectotype (left, reversed); (X) P. tethys specimen (right); (Y) P. tropaeolicola holotype (right); (Z) P. wygodzinskyi holotype (left, reversed); (AA) P. xylopiella holotype (right). Scale bars: 1 (A H, K, L, O, P, R Z), 0.5 mm (I, J, M, N, Q, AA)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1040009/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="322">Figs. 3S, S</figureCitation>
1;
<tableCitation id="C55DD68F5A34FF9A16DBF804FDD8F851" box="[486,559,1947,1972]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="35.[125,194,614,632]" captionText="TABLE 2. (Continued)" pageId="21" pageNumber="322">Tab. 2</tableCitation>
).
<emphasis id="BAAB3F265A34FF9A157BF804FD08F851" box="[582,767,1947,1972]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="322">Dorsal forewing</emphasis>
: ground color light gray.
<emphasis id="BAAB3F265A34FF9A1319F804FBC2F851" bold="true" box="[1060,1077,1947,1972]" pageId="21" pageNumber="322">lf</emphasis>
absent.
<emphasis id="BAAB3F265A34FF9A13A8F804FB47F85D" bold="true" box="[1173,1200,1947,1976]" pageId="21" pageNumber="322">tf1</emphasis>
fused to
<emphasis id="BAAB3F265A34FF9A1225F804FAC4F85D" bold="true" box="[1304,1331,1947,1976]" pageId="21" pageNumber="322">tf2</emphasis>
, forming together a thicker golden yellow bar with dark brown borders that cross the wing entirely in the middle region (II).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8860E3345A37FF9917AAFF08FA83FEFA" blockId="22.[151,1436,151,578]" pageId="22" pageNumber="323">
They extend to the base of the wing as a fine, dark brown strip that is alligned with the costal margin. On the distal region (III) there is a second blotch of similar color, formed by fusion of
<emphasis id="BAAB3F265A37FF9914FEFF23FBE2FF3C" bold="true" box="[963,1045,188,217]" pageId="22" pageNumber="323">tf3 + tf4</emphasis>
. Costal and apical strigulae typical for the genus. A light gray stripe precedes the
<emphasis id="BAAB3F265A37FF99159FFF7DFD4DFF1E" bold="true" box="[674,698,226,251]" pageId="22" pageNumber="323">as</emphasis>
. This species is different from all other Neotropical
<taxonomicName id="4FDF98B75A37FF991236FF7DFA6BFF1E" authorityName="Zeller" authorityYear="1848" box="[1291,1436,226,251]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Phyllocnistis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="323" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="BAAB3F265A37FF991236FF7DFA6BFF1E" box="[1291,1436,226,251]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="323">Phyllocnistis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by the absence of
<emphasis id="BAAB3F265A37FF99165CFE99FE85FEFA" bold="true" box="[353,370,262,287]" pageId="22" pageNumber="323">lf</emphasis>
, and presence of a brown line along the costal margin in connection with the fused
<emphasis id="BAAB3F265A37FF991227FE99FA9AFEC6" bold="true" box="[1306,1389,262,291]" pageId="22" pageNumber="323">tf1 + tf2</emphasis>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8860E3345A37FF9917FAFEB2FEB4FE6B" blockId="22.[151,1436,151,578]" pageId="22" pageNumber="323">
<emphasis id="BAAB3F265A37FF9917FAFEB2FDF6FEA3" bold="true" box="[199,513,301,326]" pageId="22" pageNumber="323">Geographical distribution</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="10E4FFB15A37FF99152EFEB2FDACFEA3" box="[531,603,301,326]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="27.[151,250,1770,1792]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1748]" captionTargetId="figure@27.[151,1436,193,1748]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="FIGURE 5. Geographical distribution of Phyllocnistis species endemic to the Neotropical region." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1040015/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="323">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
). This species is known from Puyehue National Park, Aguas Calientes, Osorno province,
<collectingRegion id="4A1B2DD65A37FF991659FECDFDD8FE8F" box="[356,559,337,362]" country="Chile" name="Los Lagos" pageId="22" pageNumber="323">Los Lagos region</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="F0C8A3A45A37FF991506FECEFD8FFE8F" box="[571,632,337,362]" name="Chile" pageId="22" pageNumber="323">Chile</collectingCountry>
at
<quantity id="4F274ED15A37FF9915A0FECEFD11FE8C" box="[669,742,337,362]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" pageId="22" pageNumber="323" unit="m" value="450.0">450 m</quantity>
elevation, a region of the cold and humid Valdivian Forests, southern
<collectingCountry id="F0C8A3A45A37FF9917C3FEEAFEC9FE6B" box="[254,318,373,398]" name="Chile" pageId="22" pageNumber="323">Chile</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C0C5B0BF5A37FF9917FAFE06FD5AFE57" box="[199,685,409,434]" pageId="22" pageNumber="323" type="description">
<paragraph id="8860E3345A37FF9917FAFE06FD5AFE57" blockId="22.[151,1436,151,578]" box="[199,685,409,434]" pageId="22" pageNumber="323">
<emphasis id="BAAB3F265A37FF9917FAFE06FE8AFE57" bold="true" box="[199,381,409,434]" pageId="22" pageNumber="323">Natural history</emphasis>
. No information available.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C0C5B0BF5A37FF9917FAFE22FE11FE33" box="[199,486,445,470]" pageId="22" pageNumber="323" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="8860E3345A37FF9917FAFE22FE11FE33" blockId="22.[151,1436,151,578]" box="[199,486,445,470]" pageId="22" pageNumber="323">
<emphasis id="BAAB3F265A37FF9917FAFE22FE95FE33" bold="true" box="[199,354,445,470]" pageId="22" pageNumber="323">Host plant(s)</emphasis>
. Unknown.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C0C5B0BF5A37FF9917FAFE7EFDDDFE1F" box="[199,554,481,506]" pageId="22" pageNumber="323" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8860E3345A37FF9917FAFE7EFDDDFE1F" blockId="22.[151,1436,151,578]" box="[199,554,481,506]" pageId="22" pageNumber="323">
<emphasis id="BAAB3F265A37FF9917FAFE7EFE5BFE1F" bold="true" box="[199,428,481,506]" pageId="22" pageNumber="323">Examined material</emphasis>
. Holotype.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C0C5B0BF5A37FF9917FAFD9AFCD4FDA7" pageId="22" pageNumber="323" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8860E3345A37FF9917FAFD9AFCD4FDA7" blockId="22.[151,1436,151,578]" pageId="22" pageNumber="323">
<emphasis id="BAAB3F265A37FF9917FAFD9AFEC3FDFB" bold="true" box="[199,308,517,542]" pageId="22" pageNumber="323">Remarks</emphasis>
. The author of this species illustrated only the male genitalia. Information regarding female genitalia, immature stages and biology were not provided.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>