361 lines
42 KiB
XML
361 lines
42 KiB
XML
<document id="FB78B48B59C7D22770276E8364EA0247" ID-DOI="10.1111/zoj.12368" ID-ISSN="0024-4082" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5364289" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1630243133640" checkinUser="marcus" docAuthor="Goodman, Steven M., Schoeman, M. Corrie, Rakotoarivelo, Andrinajoro & Willows-Munro, Sandi" docDate="2016" docId="A1606B27FF90FFC1FF46F882907EFED3" docLanguage="en" docName="zoj12368.pdf" docOrigin="Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 177 (2)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/zoj.12368" docStyle="DocumentStyle:FBF0BF18BB2B256F1F8008F27D80BF37.3:ZoolJLinnSoc.2010-2016.journal_article" docStyleId="FBF0BF18BB2B256F1F8008F27D80BF37" docStyleName="ZoolJLinnSoc.2010-2016.journal_article" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Hipposideros commersoni" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="444" masterDocId="5D59135FFF9FFFD0FFDDFFBA923FFFA0" masterDocTitle="How many species of Hipposideros have occurred on Madagascar since the Late Pleistocene?" masterLastPageNumber="449" masterPageNumber="428" pageNumber="443" updateTime="1699196565681" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:mods id="407E3C490B6EFA69E6993F1E7DE7DE2B" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="05F4DB432E61C528E1B54F5B511790B3">
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<mods:title id="543CF225D3EE53D4E6CFA619E63D7E47">How many species of Hipposideros have occurred on Madagascar since the Late Pleistocene?</mods:title>
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<mods:roleTerm id="D724DB0C19A73DCCA88CA765E88F7D4A">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="02B587208BA42AC8B1BB48E3804FCECB">Goodman, Steven M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:roleTerm id="7EF2F6AD666429670BFC188C05A68FAD">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="D2D316C7DDAEF88770E7C442CD91B313">Schoeman, M. Corrie</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:roleTerm id="B5092F24517F807A04972B31F414E0E3">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="0D7BEDC78A7DDB10620B4B0AC390FB17">Rakotoarivelo, Andrinajoro</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="01E79CE8B40773F3A1315EB541BAB19D" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="C0D20273D7C62CEEDB06FA3D209A4F75">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="304EF0920315896371E25520B9B1F4F1">Willows-Munro, Sandi</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="2CEBA3199BDA6F80F501304DBE970702">Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="CFB8890E792DC9E27FA199B5DDCF325A">
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<mods:date id="6036B6B7A2EE864E44747F51DE8C0D99">2016</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="CD27F176EC55F36ED5B7620FEA95030F">2016-05-20</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="14EB20B2B3082FCDB4208905C575F690" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="BB65A35817B9435DF2506BE3F164E102">177</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="BC4639A4DC026338B6E25A6A2F0DB268">2</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="1921ABC7643BDA68C4A88A8AB950C011">428</mods:start>
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<mods:end id="BE3A68F0EFDDBA57B484B0912746484B">449</mods:end>
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<mods:url id="1191305F78BA6DF9A9CC853381EDEDD0">http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/zoj.12368</mods:url>
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<mods:classification id="70120C2D8144B0780B7DDE8FBAAAC5D3">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="BE75956D8ABE929250BC89372C7D444A" type="DOI">10.1111/zoj.12368</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="55BE69E2CE53F9BF24FE5B8A4BE3FDAF" type="ISSN">0024-4082</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="832970112897FF877142B98DFC1DC6B7" type="Zenodo-Dep">5364289</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="A1606B27FF90FFC1FF46F882907EFED3" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:A1606B27FF90FFC1FF46F882907EFED3" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/A1606B27FF90FFC1FF46F882907EFED3" lastPageId="17" lastPageNumber="444" pageId="15" pageNumber="443">
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<subSubSection id="61D389BAFF90FFDFFF46F88290D8F8ED" box="[155,743,1848,1870]" pageId="15" pageNumber="443" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="2976DA31FF90FFDFFF46F88290D8F8ED" blockId="15.[155,743,1848,1870]" box="[155,743,1848,1870]" pageId="15" pageNumber="443">
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<heading id="723E6D5DFF90FFDFFF46F88290D8F8ED" box="[155,743,1848,1870]" centered="true" fontSize="8" level="2" pageId="15" pageNumber="443" reason="8">
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SYN.
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<taxonomicName id="EEC9A1B2FF90FFDFFF04F8839021F8EC" ID-CoL="9D2DQ" baseAuthorityName="Sabatier & Legendre" baseAuthorityYear="1985" box="[217,542,1849,1870]" class="Mammalia" family="Hipposideridae" genus="Hipposideros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="449" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="commersoni">
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<emphasis id="1BBD0623FF90FFDFFF04F8839021F8EC" box="[217,542,1849,1870]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="443">HIPPOSIDEROS COMMERSONI</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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GOODMAN, 2011,
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="61D389BAFF90FFC1FE4BF8E6907EFED3" lastPageId="17" lastPageNumber="445" pageId="15" pageNumber="443" type="description">
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<paragraph id="2976DA31FF90FFDFFE4BF8E693D2F8CD" blockId="15.[406,493,1884,1901]" box="[406,493,1884,1901]" pageId="15" pageNumber="443">
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<heading id="723E6D5DFF90FFDFFE4BF8E693D2F8CD" box="[406,493,1884,1901]" centered="true" fontSize="8" level="2" pageId="15" pageNumber="443" reason="8">IN PART</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="2976DA31FF90FFDFFCF9F9A491B8F993" blockId="15.[804,903,1566,1587]" box="[804,903,1566,1587]" pageId="15" pageNumber="443">
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<emphasis id="1BBD0623FF90FFDFFCF9F9A491B8F993" box="[804,903,1566,1587]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="443">
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<typeStatus id="F6726493FF90FFDFFCF9F9A491B8F993" box="[804,903,1566,1587]" pageId="15" pageNumber="443" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="2976DA31FF90FFC0FCF9F9FE92CCFDAD" blockId="15.[804,1419,1604,1902]" lastBlockId="16.[166,781,197,525]" lastPageId="16" lastPageNumber="444" pageId="15" pageNumber="443">
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Adult female, FMNH 175970, collected
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<date id="5D77FCF1FF90FFDFFB2AF9FE9759F9FA" box="[1271,1382,1604,1626]" pageId="15" pageNumber="443" value="2002-12-09">9.xii.2002</date>
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by S. M. Goodman (field number SMG 13399). The specimen was conserved in 12% formaldehyde and subsequently transferred to 70% ethanol. Before preservation, the skull was removed via small incisions on both sides of the mouth, conserved in 60% ethanol, and then cleaned by dermestid beetles. The skull is in good condition, with the exception of the medial portion of the left upper canine being cracked. Samples of pectoral muscle were collected and saved in lysis buffer. The specimen, with a full adult dentition and the basisphenoid–basioccipital suture completely fused, had large mammae, an enlarged embryo (crown– rump length of
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<quantity id="EE3177D4FF8FFFC0FEBEFE9B938BFE96" box="[355,436,289,310]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.3" pageId="16" pageNumber="444" unit="mm" value="43.0">43 mm</quantity>
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), and enlarged pubic nipples (see
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<bibRefCitation id="4D58A7C0FF8FFFC0FF03FE8593ABFEF5" author="Simmons NB" box="[222,404,319,341]" pageId="16" pageNumber="444" pagination="1 - 37" refId="ref15045" refString="Simmons NB. 1993. Morphology, function, and phylogenetic significance of pubic nipples in bats (Mammalia, Chiroptera). American Museum Novitates 3077: 1 - 37." type="journal article" year="1993">Simmons, 1993</bibRefCitation>
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). External measurements: total length
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<quantity id="EE3177D4FF8FFFC0FF26FEE49364FED3" box="[251,347,350,371]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.23" pageId="16" pageNumber="444" unit="mm" value="123.0">123 mm</quantity>
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, tail length
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<quantity id="EE3177D4FF8FFFC0FE29FEE49079FED3" box="[500,582,350,371]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.4" pageId="16" pageNumber="444" unit="mm" value="34.0">34 mm</quantity>
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, hindfoot length (without claws)
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<quantity id="EE3177D4FF8FFFC0FEBAFEC69386FE32" box="[359,441,380,402]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="16" pageNumber="444" unit="mm" value="15.0">15 mm</quantity>
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, ear length
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<quantity id="EE3177D4FF8FFFC0FD92FEC7909EFE32" box="[591,673,381,402]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.7" pageId="16" pageNumber="444" unit="mm" value="27.0">27 mm</quantity>
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, forearm length
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||
<quantity id="EE3177D4FF8FFFC0FF24FE219376FE11" box="[249,329,411,433]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="16" pageNumber="444" unit="mm" value="80.0">80 mm</quantity>
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, and body mass
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||
<quantity id="EE3177D4FF8FFFC0FDCCFE21907EFE11" box="[529,577,411,433]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="5.5" pageId="16" pageNumber="444" unit="g" value="55.0">55 g</quantity>
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||
(including
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||
<quantity id="EE3177D4FF8FFFC0FD15FE219133FE11" box="[712,780,411,433]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="1.25" pageId="16" pageNumber="444" unit="g" value="12.5">12.5 g</quantity>
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||
embryo) (
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||
<tableCitation id="644BEF8AFF8FFFC0FED1FE009363FE70" box="[268,348,442,464]" captionStart="Table 2" captionStartId="7.[142,206,579,598]" captionText="Table 2. External measurements (in millimetres) and mass (in grams) of adults (sexes separated) of different clades of Hipposideros commersoni based on the results of the mtDNA analyses. Clade A is referable to Hipposideros cryptovalorona sp. nov. and clades B and C to H. commersoni. Measurements all taken by the same field collector (S. M. G.) and presented as mean ± SD, minimum and maximum measurements, and number of specimens. The considerable variance in body mass is associated with seasonal accumulation of body fat" pageId="16" pageNumber="444">Table 2</tableCitation>
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||
). Information associated with the specimen includes ‘Netted over Sahanafa River in gallery forest’.
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</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="2976DA31FF8FFFC0FF7BFD8F930AFDE9" blockId="16.[166,781,564,739]" box="[166,309,564,586]" pageId="16" pageNumber="444">
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||
<emphasis id="1BBD0623FF8FFFC0FF7BFD8F930AFDE9" box="[166,309,564,586]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="444">Type locality</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="2976DA31FF8FFFC0FF7BFDE9913AFD43" blockId="16.[166,781,564,739]" pageId="16" pageNumber="444">
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||
<materialsCitation id="99A1D06CFF8FFFC0FF7BFDE9913EFD43" collectionCode="FMNH" country="Madagascar" county="Parc National de l'Isalo" elevation="550" latitude="-22.316668" location="Bevato" longLatPrecision="125" longitude="45.293335" municipality="Sahanafa River" pageId="16" pageNumber="444" specimenCode="FMNH 175972" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Fianarantsoa" typeStatus="neotype">
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<collectingCountry id="51DE9AA1FF8FFFC0FF7BFDE9930BFDC9" box="[166,308,595,617]" name="Madagascar" pageId="16" pageNumber="444">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
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:
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<collectingRegion id="EB0D14D3FF8FFFC0FE9DFDE99053FDC9" box="[320,620,595,617]" country="Madagascar" name="Fianarantsoa" pageId="16" pageNumber="444">Province de Fianarantsoa</collectingRegion>
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,
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<collectingCounty id="C017A2BDFF8FFFC0FDA4FDE99317FD27" pageId="16" pageNumber="444">Parc National de l’Isalo</collectingCounty>
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, along
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<collectingMunicipality id="C912404BFF8FFFC0FEA5FDCB9019FD27" box="[376,550,625,647]" pageId="16" pageNumber="444">Sahanafa River</collectingMunicipality>
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, near foot of
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<location id="2C168CEAFF8FFFC0FD64FDC89136FD27" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:A1606B27FF90FFC1FF46F882907EFED3:2C168CEAFF8FFFC0FD64FDC89136FD27" box="[697,777,626,647]" country="Madagascar" county="Parc National de l'Isalo" latitude="-22.316668" longLatPrecision="125" longitude="45.293335" municipality="Sahanafa River" name="Bevato" pageId="16" pageNumber="444" stateProvince="Fianarantsoa">Bevato</location>
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,
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<quantity id="EE3177D4FF8FFFC0FF7BFD2A92CEFD06" box="[166,241,656,678]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.8" pageId="16" pageNumber="444" unit="km" value="28.0">28 km</quantity>
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south-east of
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<location id="2C168CEAFF8FFFC0FE73FD2A9040FD06" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:A1606B27FF90FFC1FF46F882907EFED3:2C168CEAFF8FFFC0FE73FD2A9040FD06" box="[430,639,656,678]" country="Madagascar" county="Parc National de l'Isalo" latitude="-22.316668" longLatPrecision="125" longitude="45.293335" municipality="Sahanafa River" name="Berenty-Betsileo" pageId="16" pageNumber="444" stateProvince="Fianarantsoa">Berenty-Betsileo</location>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="4CFDBCF6FF8FFFC0FD4CFD2A9138FD05" box="[657,775,655,677]" degrees="22" direction="south" minutes="19.0" orientation="latitude" pageId="16" pageNumber="444" precision="92" value="-22.316668">22°19.0′S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="4CFDBCF6FF8FFFC0FF7BFD14932AFD64" box="[166,277,686,708]" degrees="45" direction="east" minutes="17.6" orientation="longitude" pageId="16" pageNumber="444" precision="92" value="45.293335">45°17.6′E</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<elevation id="A2E43D02FF8FFFC0FEFBFD149392FD64" box="[294,429,686,708]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.5" pageId="16" pageNumber="444" unit="m" value="550.0">
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<quantity id="EE3177D4FF8FFFC0FEFBFD149353FD64" box="[294,364,686,708]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.5" pageId="16" pageNumber="444" unit="m" value="550.0">550 m</quantity>
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a.s.l.
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</elevation>
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This is the same site as the
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<typeStatus id="F6726493FF8FFFC0FF7BFD7792C0FD42" box="[166,255,717,738]" pageId="16" pageNumber="444" type="neotype">neotype</typeStatus>
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of
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<taxonomicName id="EEC9A1B2FF8FFFC0FEFAFD7493EFFD43" baseAuthorityName="Sabatier & Legendre" baseAuthorityYear="1985" box="[295,464,718,739]" class="Mammalia" family="Hipposideridae" genus="Hipposideros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="444" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="commersoni">
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<emphasis id="1BBD0623FF8FFFC0FEFAFD7493EFFD43" box="[295,464,718,739]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="444">H. commersoni</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(clade B,
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<specimenCode id="796F724AFF8FFFC0FD94FD7790C6FD43" box="[585,761,717,739]" collectionCode="FMNH" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34795" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34795" name="Field Museum of Natural History" pageId="16" pageNumber="444" type="Museum">FMNH 175972</specimenCode>
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)
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</materialsCitation>
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||
.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="2976DA31FF8FFFC0FF7BFCB19333FC80" blockId="16.[166,781,779,1076]" box="[166,268,779,800]" pageId="16" pageNumber="444">
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<emphasis id="1BBD0623FF8FFFC0FF7BFCB19333FC80" box="[166,268,779,800]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="444">
|
||
<typeStatus id="F6726493FF8FFFC0FF7BFCB19333FC80" box="[166,268,779,800]" pageId="16" pageNumber="444" type="paratype">Paratype</typeStatus>
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||
</emphasis>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="2976DA31FF8FFFC0FF7BFC9390DCFB94" blockId="16.[166,781,779,1076]" pageId="16" pageNumber="444">
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||
<materialsCitation id="99A1D06CFF8FFFC0FF7BFC9390E0FB94" accessionNumber="SMG 14582" collectionCode="SMG" country="Madagascar" county="This" elevation="110" latitude="-24.6502" location="Itampolo" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="43.963284" municipality="Grotte d'Androimpano" pageId="16" pageNumber="444" specimenCode="FMNH 184173" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Toliara" typeStatus="paratype">
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The only other individual amongst the sequenced animals that grouped with clade A,
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<taxonomicName id="EEC9A1B2FF8FFFC0FDE0FCF29139FCFC" authorityName="Goodman & Schoeman & Rakotoarivelo & Willows-Munro" authorityYear="2016" box="[573,774,839,861]" class="Mammalia" family="Hipposideridae" genus="Hipposideros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="444" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cryptovalorona">
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||
<emphasis id="1BBD0623FF8FFFC0FDE0FCF29139FCFC" box="[573,774,839,861]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="444">H. cryptovalorona</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, is
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<specimenCode id="796F724AFF8FFFC0FF18FCDC9348FCDB" box="[197,375,870,891]" collectionCode="FMNH" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34795" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34795" name="Field Museum of Natural History" pageId="16" pageNumber="444" type="Museum">FMNH 184173</specimenCode>
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(field number
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<collectionCode id="4FD842F4FF8FFFC0FDEDFCDC9054FCDB" box="[560,619,870,891]" pageId="16" pageNumber="444">SMG</collectionCode>
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||
14582).
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<collectingCounty id="C017A2BDFF8FFFC0FD05FCDC9133FCDC" box="[728,780,870,892]" pageId="16" pageNumber="444">This</collectingCounty>
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||
animal was obtained in
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||
<collectingCountry id="51DE9AA1FF8FFFC0FE75FC3F9011FC3B" box="[424,558,901,923]" name="Madagascar" pageId="16" pageNumber="444">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
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||
:
|
||
<collectingRegion id="EB0D14D3FF8FFFC0FDE5FC3F9137FC3B" box="[568,776,901,923]" country="Madagascar" name="Toliara" pageId="16" pageNumber="444">Province de Toliara</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="C912404BFF8FFFC0FF7BFC199396FC19" box="[166,425,931,953]" pageId="16" pageNumber="444">Grotte d’Androimpano</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="EE3177D4FF8FFFC0FE68FC19903DFC19" box="[437,514,931,953]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.2" pageId="16" pageNumber="444" unit="km" value="4.2">4.2 km</quantity>
|
||
north-east of
|
||
<location id="2C168CEAFF8FFFC0FD7AFC199132FC19" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:A1606B27FF90FFC1FF46F882907EFED3:2C168CEAFF8FFFC0FD7AFC199132FC19" box="[679,781,931,953]" country="Madagascar" county="This" latitude="-24.6502" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="43.963284" municipality="Grotte d'Androimpano" name="Itampolo" pageId="16" pageNumber="444" stateProvince="Toliara">Itampolo</location>
|
||
(village), on old road to
|
||
<location id="2C168CEAFF8FFFC0FE74FC7893D5FC78" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:A1606B27FF90FFC1FF46F882907EFED3:2C168CEAFF8FFFC0FE74FC7893D5FC78" box="[425,490,962,984]" country="Madagascar" county="This" latitude="-24.6502" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="43.963284" municipality="Grotte d'Androimpano" name="Ejeda" pageId="16" pageNumber="444" stateProvince="Toliara">Ejeda</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="4CFDBCF6FF8FFFC0FE2BFC789047FC77" box="[502,632,961,983]" degrees="24" direction="south" minutes="39.012" orientation="latitude" pageId="16" pageNumber="444" precision="1" value="-24.6502">24°39.012′S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="4CFDBCF6FF8FFFC0FD5EFC789138FC77" box="[643,775,961,984]" degrees="43" direction="east" minutes="57.797" orientation="longitude" pageId="16" pageNumber="444" precision="1" value="43.963284">43°57.797′E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<elevation id="A2E43D02FF8FFFC0FF7BFC5A930AFC56" box="[166,309,992,1014]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" pageId="16" pageNumber="444" unit="m" value="110.0">
|
||
<quantity id="EE3177D4FF8FFFC0FF7BFC5A92D1FC56" box="[166,238,992,1014]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" pageId="16" pageNumber="444" unit="m" value="110.0">110 m</quantity>
|
||
a.s.l.
|
||
</elevation>
|
||
This specimen was obtained ‘in disturbed spiny bush along western escarpment of Mahafaly Plateau. Captured at rim of sink hole’
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="2976DA31FF8FFFC0FF7BFBE19322FBD0" blockId="16.[166,781,1115,1351]" box="[166,285,1115,1136]" pageId="16" pageNumber="444">
|
||
<emphasis id="1BBD0623FF8FFFC0FF7BFBE19322FBD0" box="[166,285,1115,1136]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="444">Etymology</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="2976DA31FF8FFFC0FF7BFBC39023FAE6" blockId="16.[166,781,1115,1351]" pageId="16" pageNumber="444">
|
||
The name
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EEC9A1B2FF8FFFC0FEFBFBC393F0FB2E" authorityName="Goodman & Schoeman & Rakotoarivelo & Willows-Munro" authorityYear="2016" box="[294,463,1145,1166]" class="Mammalia" family="Hipposideridae" genus="Hipposideros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="444" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cryptovalorona">
|
||
<emphasis id="1BBD0623FF8FFFC0FEFBFBC393F0FB2E" box="[294,463,1145,1166]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="444">cryptovalorona</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is derived from the Greek ‘
|
||
<emphasis id="1BBD0623FF8FFFC0FF76FB2292C1FB0D" box="[171,254,1176,1197]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="444">kryptos</emphasis>
|
||
’, meaning hidden or concealed, and from the Sakalava dialect of Malagasy ‘
|
||
<emphasis id="1BBD0623FF8FFFC0FDDBFB0C9055FB6B" box="[518,618,1206,1227]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="444">valorona</emphasis>
|
||
’, which is the local vernacular name of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EEC9A1B2FF8FFFC0FE09FB6F9056FB4A" baseAuthorityName="Happold" baseAuthorityYear="2013" box="[468,617,1237,1258]" class="Mammalia" family="Hipposideridae" genus="Hipposideros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="444" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1BBD0623FF8FFFC0FE09FB6F9056FB4A" box="[468,617,1237,1258]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="444">Hipposideros</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and refers to its distinct nasal structure, and can be translated as ‘eight nose’, referring to the complicated and multiple layers of the nose structure.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="2976DA31FF8FFFC0FF7BFAD593F0FA23" blockId="16.[166,781,1390,1902]" box="[166,463,1390,1412]" pageId="16" pageNumber="444">
|
||
<emphasis id="1BBD0623FF8FFFC0FF7BFAD593F0FA23" box="[166,463,1390,1412]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="444">Diagnosis and description</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="2976DA31FF8FFFC0FF7BFA37901DF9FA" blockId="16.[166,781,1390,1902]" pageId="16" pageNumber="444">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="99A1D06CFF8FFFC0FF7BFA379020F9FA" collectionCode="FMNH" pageId="16" pageNumber="444" specimenCode="FMNH 175970, FMNH 184173" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||
This is a large-bodied hipposiderid bat known from
|
||
<specimenCount id="3FCF11B8FF8FFFC0FD39FA379324FA61" pageId="16" pageNumber="444" type="generic">two specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
, the
|
||
<typeStatus id="F6726493FF8FFFC0FE8FFA11938EFA61" box="[338,433,1451,1473]" pageId="16" pageNumber="444" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
(
|
||
<specimenCode id="796F724AFF8FFFC0FE1DFA119057FA61" box="[448,616,1451,1473]" collectionCode="FMNH" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34795" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34795" name="Field Museum of Natural History" pageId="16" pageNumber="444" type="Museum">FMNH 175970</specimenCode>
|
||
) and
|
||
<typeStatus id="F6726493FF8FFFC0FD74FA169132FA61" box="[681,781,1452,1473]" pageId="16" pageNumber="444" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
(
|
||
<specimenCode id="796F724AFF8FFFC0FF70FA709362FA40" box="[173,349,1482,1504]" collectionCode="FMNH" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34795" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34795" name="Field Museum of Natural History" pageId="16" pageNumber="444" type="Museum">FMNH 184173</specimenCode>
|
||
), both of which are female and with a forearm length of
|
||
<quantity id="EE3177D4FF8FFFC0FE56FA53903DFA5E" box="[395,514,1513,1534]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.05" metricValueMax="8.1" metricValueMin="8.0" pageId="16" pageNumber="444" unit="mm" value="80.5" valueMax="81.0" valueMin="80.0">80–81 mm</quantity>
|
||
(
|
||
<tableCitation id="644BEF8AFF8FFFC0FDCCFA529058FA5F" box="[529,615,1512,1535]" captionStart="Table 2" captionStartId="7.[142,206,579,598]" captionText="Table 2. External measurements (in millimetres) and mass (in grams) of adults (sexes separated) of different clades of Hipposideros commersoni based on the results of the mtDNA analyses. Clade A is referable to Hipposideros cryptovalorona sp. nov. and clades B and C to H. commersoni. Measurements all taken by the same field collector (S. M. G.) and presented as mean ± SD, minimum and maximum measurements, and number of specimens. The considerable variance in body mass is associated with seasonal accumulation of body fat" pageId="16" pageNumber="444">Table 2</tableCitation>
|
||
). On the basis of external characters, this species is either smaller than or towards the minimum range values for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EEC9A1B2FF8FFFC0FF7BF9FF9370F9FA" baseAuthorityName="Sabatier & Legendre" baseAuthorityYear="1985" box="[166,335,1605,1626]" class="Mammalia" family="Hipposideridae" genus="Hipposideros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="444" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="commersoni">
|
||
<emphasis id="1BBD0623FF8FFFC0FF7BF9FF9370F9FA" box="[166,335,1605,1626]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="444">H. commersoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(clades B and C)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="2976DA31FF8FFFC0FF63F9D996EDFEB8" blockId="16.[166,781,1390,1902]" lastBlockId="16.[828,1444,197,1504]" pageId="16" pageNumber="444">
|
||
The non-attached ears have pointed and rounded tips and are narrow at the base, similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EEC9A1B2FF8FFFC0FD82F938913AF937" baseAuthorityName="Sabatier & Legendre" baseAuthorityYear="1985" box="[607,773,1666,1687]" class="Mammalia" family="Hipposideridae" genus="Hipposideros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="444" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="commersoni">
|
||
<emphasis id="1BBD0623FF8FFFC0FD82F938913AF937" box="[607,773,1666,1687]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="444">H. commersoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. In
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EEC9A1B2FF8FFFC0FF15F91B93ACF915" authorityName="Goodman & Schoeman & Rakotoarivelo & Willows-Munro" authorityYear="2016" box="[200,403,1696,1718]" class="Mammalia" family="Hipposideridae" genus="Hipposideros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="444" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cryptovalorona">
|
||
<emphasis id="1BBD0623FF8FFFC0FF15F91B93ACF915" box="[200,403,1696,1718]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="444">H. cryptovalorona</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
a small section of tail (
|
||
<quantity id="EE3177D4FF8FFFC0FD75F91A913AF916" box="[680,773,1696,1718]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="16" pageNumber="444" unit="mm" value="3.5" valueMax="4.0" valueMin="3.0">3–4 mm</quantity>
|
||
) protrudes from the uropatagium. The noseleaf is large and not particularly elaborate compared with other African and Asian members of the genus. It has a small internarial septum and three lateral leaflets, the innermost with median emargination. Anterior portion of noseleaf with three cells separated by two distinct septa and without thickened emargination or lateral process; in all cases these characters are similar to the
|
||
<typeStatus id="F6726493FF8FFFC0FA91FF5E979CFF59" box="[1356,1443,228,249]" pageId="16" pageNumber="444" type="neotype">neotype</typeStatus>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EEC9A1B2FF8FFFC0FC86FEB9963BFEB7" baseAuthorityName="Sabatier & Legendre" baseAuthorityYear="1985" box="[859,1028,258,280]" class="Mammalia" family="Hipposideridae" genus="Hipposideros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="444" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="commersoni">
|
||
<emphasis id="1BBD0623FF8FFFC0FC86FEB9963BFEB7" box="[859,1028,258,280]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="444">H. commersoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(FMNH 175972).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="2976DA31FF8FFFC0FC88FE9A96A8FD64" blockId="16.[828,1444,197,1504]" pageId="16" pageNumber="444">
|
||
Pelage in
|
||
<typeStatus id="F6726493FF8FFFC0FC1EFE9A961EFE96" box="[963,1057,288,310]" pageId="16" pageNumber="444" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
is relatively dense and short, with the dorsum having a slightly shaggy appearance. The back fur is a medium light brown with the middorsal portion showing a slightly grizzled coloration, and ventrum slightly lighter and tending towards tanbrown. The
|
||
<typeStatus id="F6726493FF8FFFC0FC12FE009609FE6F" box="[975,1078,442,463]" pageId="16" pageNumber="444" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
is distinctly darker in coloration than the
|
||
<typeStatus id="F6726493FF8FFFC0FC3DFE62967CFE4E" box="[992,1091,472,494]" pageId="16" pageNumber="444" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
, particularly the dorsum with certain fur having a dark brown appearance. Both specimens have distinct white fur patches on the shoulders. The wing and tail membranes in FMNH 175970 are pale brown and in FMNH 184173 distinctly dark brown. The
|
||
<typeStatus id="F6726493FF8FFFC0FC16FDCB961BFD26" box="[971,1060,625,646]" pageId="16" pageNumber="444" type="neotype">neotype</typeStatus>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EEC9A1B2FF8FFFC0FB90FDC896C9FD27" baseAuthorityName="Sabatier & Legendre" baseAuthorityYear="1985" box="[1101,1270,626,647]" class="Mammalia" family="Hipposideridae" genus="Hipposideros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="444" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="commersoni">
|
||
<emphasis id="1BBD0623FF8FFFC0FB90FDC896C9FD27" box="[1101,1270,626,647]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="444">H. commersoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
cannot be differentiated in plumage coloration and texture from the
|
||
<typeStatus id="F6726493FF8FFFC0FCE1FD1491A2FD64" box="[828,925,686,708]" pageId="16" pageNumber="444" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EEC9A1B2FF8FFFC0FC18FD1596AFFD63" authorityName="Goodman & Schoeman & Rakotoarivelo & Willows-Munro" authorityYear="2016" box="[965,1168,686,708]" class="Mammalia" family="Hipposideridae" genus="Hipposideros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="444" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cryptovalorona">
|
||
<emphasis id="1BBD0623FF8FFFC0FC18FD1596AFFD63" box="[965,1168,686,708]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="444">H. cryptovalorona</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="2976DA31FF8FFFC0FC88FD779185FB2F" blockId="16.[828,1444,197,1504]" pageId="16" pageNumber="444">
|
||
The skull of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EEC9A1B2FF8FFFC0FC3BFD77968EFD42" authorityName="Goodman & Schoeman & Rakotoarivelo & Willows-Munro" authorityYear="2016" box="[998,1201,717,738]" class="Mammalia" family="Hipposideridae" genus="Hipposideros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="444" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cryptovalorona">
|
||
<emphasis id="1BBD0623FF8FFFC0FC3BFD77968EFD42" box="[998,1201,717,738]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="444">H. cryptovalorona</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is large, with prominent lambdoid and sagittal crests and with a greatest skull length of
|
||
<quantity id="EE3177D4FF8FFFC0FBF3FCB096E5FCBF" box="[1070,1242,778,800]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.695" metricValueMax="2.7399999999999998" metricValueMin="2.65" pageId="16" pageNumber="444" unit="mm" value="26.95" valueMax="27.4" valueMin="26.5">26.5–27.4 mm</quantity>
|
||
(
|
||
<tableCitation id="644BEF8AFF8FFFC0FB32FCB09777FC80" box="[1263,1352,778,800]" captionStart="Table 3" captionStartId="8.[166,230,197,216]" captionText="Table 3. Cranial measurements (in millimetres) of adults (sexes separated) of different clades of Hipposideros commersoni based on the results of the mtDNA analyses. Clade A is referable to Hipposideros cryptovalorona sp. nov. and clades B and C to H. commersoni. Measurements presented as mean ± SD, minimum and maximum measurements, and number of specimens" pageId="16" pageNumber="444">Table 3</tableCitation>
|
||
); these measurements show some overlap with the minimum values of clade B and are smaller than clade C of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EEC9A1B2FF8FFFC0FCE1FCDC91DAFCDB" baseAuthorityName="Sabatier & Legendre" baseAuthorityYear="1985" box="[828,997,870,891]" class="Mammalia" family="Hipposideridae" genus="Hipposideros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="444" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="commersoni">
|
||
<emphasis id="1BBD0623FF8FFFC0FCE1FCDC91DAFCDB" box="[828,997,870,891]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="444">H. commersoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<tableCitation id="644BEF8AFF8FFFC0FC2AFCDC9672FCDC" box="[1015,1101,870,892]" captionStart="Table 3" captionStartId="8.[166,230,197,216]" captionText="Table 3. Cranial measurements (in millimetres) of adults (sexes separated) of different clades of Hipposideros commersoni based on the results of the mtDNA analyses. Clade A is referable to Hipposideros cryptovalorona sp. nov. and clades B and C to H. commersoni. Measurements presented as mean ± SD, minimum and maximum measurements, and number of specimens" pageId="16" pageNumber="444">Table 3</tableCitation>
|
||
). The same pattern exists in the other cranial measurements between
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EEC9A1B2FF8FFFC0FCE1FC1E9638FC18" authorityName="Goodman & Schoeman & Rakotoarivelo & Willows-Munro" authorityYear="2016" box="[828,1031,931,953]" class="Mammalia" family="Hipposideridae" genus="Hipposideros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="444" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cryptovalorona">
|
||
<emphasis id="1BBD0623FF8FFFC0FCE1FC1E9638FC18" box="[828,1031,931,953]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="444">H. cryptovalorona</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EEC9A1B2FF8FFFC0FB9BFC1E96D0FC19" baseAuthorityName="Sabatier & Legendre" baseAuthorityYear="1985" box="[1094,1263,932,953]" class="Mammalia" family="Hipposideridae" genus="Hipposideros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="444" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="commersoni">
|
||
<emphasis id="1BBD0623FF8FFFC0FB9BFC1E96D0FC19" box="[1094,1263,932,953]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="444">H. commersoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, although with the exception of postorbital breadth there is no overlap between the new species and clade C (
|
||
<tableCitation id="644BEF8AFF8FFFC0FAD4FC5A9760FC56" box="[1289,1375,992,1014]" captionStart="Table 3" captionStartId="8.[166,230,197,216]" captionText="Table 3. Cranial measurements (in millimetres) of adults (sexes separated) of different clades of Hipposideros commersoni based on the results of the mtDNA analyses. Clade A is referable to Hipposideros cryptovalorona sp. nov. and clades B and C to H. commersoni. Measurements presented as mean ± SD, minimum and maximum measurements, and number of specimens" pageId="16" pageNumber="444">Table 3</tableCitation>
|
||
). The greatest zygomatic breadth is wider than the mastoid breath. The jugal has a well-developed dorsal projection. The rostrum of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EEC9A1B2FF8FFFC0FBECFB8796C3FBF1" authorityName="Goodman & Schoeman & Rakotoarivelo & Willows-Munro" authorityYear="2016" box="[1073,1276,1084,1106]" class="Mammalia" family="Hipposideridae" genus="Hipposideros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="444" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cryptovalorona">
|
||
<emphasis id="1BBD0623FF8FFFC0FBECFB8796C3FBF1" box="[1073,1276,1084,1106]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="444">H. cryptovalorona</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has a distinct frontal depression and the anterior portion is laterally inflated.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="2976DA31FF8FFFC0FC88FB229676FA40" blockId="16.[828,1444,197,1504]" pageId="16" pageNumber="444">
|
||
The various dental measurements of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EEC9A1B2FF8FFFC0FB38FB22979CFB0D" authorityName="Goodman & Schoeman & Rakotoarivelo & Willows-Munro" authorityYear="2016" box="[1253,1443,1176,1197]" class="Mammalia" family="Hipposideridae" genus="Hipposideros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="444" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cryptovalorona">
|
||
<emphasis id="1BBD0623FF8FFFC0FB38FB22979CFB0D" box="[1253,1443,1176,1197]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="444">H. cryptovalorona</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
presented in
|
||
<tableCitation id="644BEF8AFF8FFFC0FC2DFB0C9674FB6B" box="[1008,1099,1206,1228]" captionStart="Table 4" captionStartId="9.[142,206,197,216]" captionText="Table 4. Dental measurements (in millimetres) of adults (sexes separated) of different clades of Hipposideros commersoni based on the results of the mtDNA analyses. Clade A is referable to Hipposideros cryptovalorona sp. nov. and clades B and C to H. commersoni. Measurements presented as mean ± SD, minimum and maximum measurements and number of specimens" pageId="16" pageNumber="444">Table 4</tableCitation>
|
||
show broad overlap with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EEC9A1B2FF8FFFC0FCE1FB6C91DAFB4A" baseAuthorityName="Sabatier & Legendre" baseAuthorityYear="1985" box="[828,997,1237,1259]" class="Mammalia" family="Hipposideridae" genus="Hipposideros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="444" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="commersoni">
|
||
<emphasis id="1BBD0623FF8FFFC0FCE1FB6C91DAFB4A" box="[828,997,1237,1259]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="444">H. commersoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
but tend to be smaller, falling within the range of lower values of clade B and showing no overlap with clade C. Upper incisors widely separat- ed. Upper canines with a groove running the anterolateral length of the tooth and with a prominent posterior cusp positioned at approximately half the tooth length. The first upper premolar (P
|
||
<superScript id="DEBC7779FF8FFFC0FAFBFA319712FA37" attach="left" box="[1318,1325,1419,1431]" fontSize="5" pageId="16" pageNumber="444">2</superScript>
|
||
) is greatly reduced and is in direct contact with the canine and the next premolar (P
|
||
<superScript id="DEBC7779FF8FFFC0FBECFA729606FA74" attach="left" box="[1073,1081,1480,1492]" fontSize="5" pageId="16" pageNumber="444">4</superScript>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="2976DA31FF8FFFC0FCE1F9B291D7F9BD" blockId="16.[828,1443,1544,1688]" box="[828,1000,1544,1565]" pageId="16" pageNumber="444">
|
||
<emphasis id="1BBD0623FF8FFFC0FCE1F9B291D7F9BD" box="[828,1000,1544,1565]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="444">Common name</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="2976DA31FF8FFFC0FCE1F99C91F3F938" blockId="16.[828,1443,1544,1688]" pageId="16" pageNumber="444">
|
||
We propose for this new species the English vernacular name
|
||
<collectingCountry id="51DE9AA1FF8FFFC0FC6DF9FE9604F9FA" box="[944,1083,1604,1626]" name="Madagascar" pageId="16" pageNumber="444">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
|
||
cryptic leaf-nosed bat and the French vernacular name La Phyllorhine cryptique de
|
||
<collectingCountry id="51DE9AA1FF8FFFC0FCE1F93891F7F938" box="[828,968,1666,1688]" name="Madagascar" pageId="16" pageNumber="444">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="2976DA31FF8FFFC0FCE1F9059630F974" blockId="16.[828,1444,1727,1902]" box="[828,1039,1727,1748]" pageId="16" pageNumber="444">
|
||
<emphasis id="1BBD0623FF8FFFC0FCE1F9059630F974" box="[828,1039,1727,1748]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="444">Molecular genetics</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="2976DA31FF8FFFC1FCE1F967907EFED3" blockId="16.[828,1444,1727,1902]" lastBlockId="17.[142,757,197,372]" lastPageId="17" lastPageNumber="445" pageId="16" pageNumber="444">
|
||
The independently evolving
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EEC9A1B2FF8FFFC0FB5DF9649775F952" authorityName="Goodman & Schoeman & Rakotoarivelo & Willows-Munro" authorityYear="2016" box="[1152,1354,1757,1779]" class="Mammalia" family="Hipposideridae" genus="Hipposideros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="444" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cryptovalorona">
|
||
<emphasis id="1BBD0623FF8FFFC0FB5DF9649775F952" box="[1152,1354,1757,1779]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="444">H. cryptovalorona</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
lineage is diagnosable primarily using molecular data. The average
|
||
<emphasis id="1BBD0623FF8FFFC0FC7DF8A191E0F890" box="[928,991,1819,1840]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="444">Cyt b</emphasis>
|
||
GTR + I + G genetic distance between clade A and other
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EEC9A1B2FF8FFFC0FBCFF8809683F8EF" baseAuthorityName="Sabatier & Legendre" baseAuthorityYear="1985" box="[1042,1212,1850,1871]" class="Mammalia" family="Hipposideridae" genus="Hipposideros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="444" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="commersoni">
|
||
<emphasis id="1BBD0623FF8FFFC0FBCFF8809683F8EF" box="[1042,1212,1850,1871]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="444">H. commersoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(clades B and C) is 9–11%. The results from this study also suggest that clade A is not closely related to the other
|
||
<collectingCountry id="51DE9AA1FF8EFFC1FD58FF7F928FFF59" name="Madagascar" pageId="17" pageNumber="445">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EEC9A1B2FF8EFFC1FF6AFF59937BFF58" baseAuthorityName="Happold" baseAuthorityYear="2013" box="[183,324,227,248]" class="Mammalia" family="Hipposideridae" genus="Hipposideros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="445" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1BBD0623FF8EFFC1FF6AFF59937BFF58" box="[183,324,227,248]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="445">Hipposideros</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, with the phylogenetic analysis placing clade A in close association with the African taxa
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EEC9A1B2FF8EFFC1FF53FE9B92D4FE96" baseAuthorityName="Wagner" baseAuthorityYear="1845" box="[142,235,289,310]" class="Mammalia" family="Hipposideridae" genus="Hipposideros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="445" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gigas">
|
||
<emphasis id="1BBD0623FF8EFFC1FF53FE9B92D4FE96" box="[142,235,289,310]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="445">H. gigas</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EEC9A1B2FF8EFFC1FEF8FE9B93A3FE96" baseAuthorityName="Peters" baseAuthorityYear="1852" box="[293,412,289,310]" class="Mammalia" family="Hipposideridae" genus="Hipposideros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="445" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vittatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1BBD0623FF8EFFC1FEF8FE9B93A3FE96" box="[293,412,289,310]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="445">H. vittatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Further analysis will need to be conducted to determine the phylogenetic position of this new species within the genus.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |