482 lines
45 KiB
XML
482 lines
45 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3503995" ID-GBIF-Dataset="887f4c2c-1812-4aa5-b994-58388f6a45c5" ID-GBIF-Taxon="131977841" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3503995" checkinTime="1497949082728" checkinUser="jeremy" docAuthor="Deeleman-Reinhold, Christa" docDate="2001" docId="03B3FE72C966FFBB67548CD3DE0CFCC5" docLanguage="en" docName="Deeleman-Reinhold_2001_LIOCRANIDAE_mat_cite_checked_IV.imf" docOrigin="Forest Spiders of South East Asia With a revision of the sac and ground spiders- Family Liocranidae, Leiden, Netherlands: Brill Leiden; Boston; Köln" docStyle="DocumentStyle{}" docTitle="Sphingius Thorell" docType="treatment" docVersion="24" lastPageId="92" lastPageNumber="492" masterDocId="FF8A860AC93EFFE765528965DD50FFD6" masterDocTitle="Forest Spiders of South East Asia With a revision of the sac and ground spiders (Araneae: Clubionidae, Corinnidae, Liocranidae, Gnaphosidae, Prodidomidae and Trochanteriidae)." masterLastPageNumber="505" masterPageNumber="400" pageId="88" pageNumber="488" updateTime="1634566706600" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
|
||
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:title>Forest Spiders of South East Asia With a revision of the sac and ground spiders (Araneae: Clubionidae, Corinnidae, Liocranidae, Gnaphosidae, Prodidomidae and Trochanteriidae).</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:name type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role>
|
||
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart>Deeleman-Reinhold, Christa</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
|
||
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
|
||
<mods:originInfo>
|
||
<mods:dateIssued>2001</mods:dateIssued>
|
||
<mods:publisher>Brill Leiden; Boston; Köln</mods:publisher>
|
||
<mods:place>
|
||
<mods:placeTerm>Leiden, Netherlands</mods:placeTerm>
|
||
</mods:place>
|
||
</mods:originInfo>
|
||
<mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:title>Forest Spiders of South East Asia With a revision of the sac and ground spiders- Family Liocranidae</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:part>
|
||
<mods:extent unit="page">
|
||
<mods:start>400</mods:start>
|
||
<mods:end>505</mods:end>
|
||
</mods:extent>
|
||
</mods:part>
|
||
</mods:relatedItem>
|
||
<mods:classification>book chapter</mods:classification>
|
||
<mods:identifier type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.814704</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier type="GBIF-Dataset">887f4c2c-1812-4aa5-b994-58388f6a45c5</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">814704</mods:identifier>
|
||
</mods:mods>
|
||
<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3503995" ID-GBIF-Taxon="131977841" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3503995" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B3FE72C966FFBB67548CD3DE0CFCC5" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B3FE72C966FFBB67548CD3DE0CFCC5" lastPageId="92" lastPageNumber="492" pageId="88" pageNumber="488">
|
||
<subSubSection box="[518,855,1462,1490]" pageId="88" pageNumber="488" type="nomenclature">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="88.[518,856,1460,1490]" box="[518,855,1462,1490]" pageId="88" pageNumber="488">
|
||
<heading box="[518,855,1462,1490]" centered="true" fontSize="13" level="2" pageId="88" pageNumber="488" reason="1">
|
||
Genus
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Thorell" authorityName="Thorell" box="[611,747,1462,1490]" class="Arachnida" family="Liocranidae" genus="Sphingius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="88" pageNumber="488" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[611,747,1462,1490]" italics="true" pageId="88" pageNumber="488">Sphingius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Thorell
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="88" pageNumber="488" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="88.[157,1216,1533,1663]" pageId="88" pageNumber="488">
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Thorell, 1890: 284" authorityName="Thorell" authorityPageNumber="284" authorityYear="1890" box="[159,515,1535,1559]" class="Arachnida" family="Liocranidae" genus="Sphingius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="88" pageNumber="488" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[159,273,1535,1559]" italics="true" pageId="88" pageNumber="488">Sphingius</emphasis>
|
||
Thorell, 1890: 284
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Type species:
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Thorell, 1890: 284" authorityName="Thorell" authorityPageNumber="284" authorityYear="1890" box="[706,1171,1535,1559]" class="Arachnida" family="Liocranidae" genus="Sphingius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="88" pageNumber="488" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="thecatus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[706,928,1535,1559]" italics="true" pageId="88" pageNumber="488">Sphingius thecatus</emphasis>
|
||
Thorell, 1890: 284
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, no figures, ♂, Malay Peninsula, Penang.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="88" pageNumber="488" type="synonymic_list">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="88.[157,1216,1533,1663]" box="[160,1081,1604,1628]" pageId="88" pageNumber="488">
|
||
<emphasis box="[160,296,1604,1628]" italics="true" pageId="88" pageNumber="488">Thamphilus</emphasis>
|
||
Thorell, 1895: 35; placed in synonymy in 1897 by Simon (HNA).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="88.[157,1216,1533,1663]" box="[158,730,1639,1663]" pageId="88" pageNumber="488">
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Barrion and Litsinger, 1995: 170" authorityName="Barrion and Litsinger" authorityPageNumber="170" authorityYear="1995" box="[158,639,1639,1663]" class="Arachnida" family="Liocranidae" genus="Alaeho" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="88" pageNumber="488" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[158,240,1639,1663]" italics="true" pageId="88" pageNumber="488">Alaeho</emphasis>
|
||
Barrion and Litsinger, 1995: 170
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, syn. n.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection lastPageId="89" lastPageNumber="489" pageId="88" pageNumber="488" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="88.[159,1215,1706,1836]" lastBlockId="89.[36,1096,199,332]" lastPageId="89" lastPageNumber="489" pageId="88" pageNumber="488">
|
||
<emphasis box="[159,245,1708,1732]" italics="true" pageId="88" pageNumber="488">History</emphasis>
|
||
.— See also under
|
||
<emphasis box="[470,576,1708,1732]" italics="true" pageId="88" pageNumber="488">
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[470,572,1708,1732]" class="Arachnida" family="Liocranidae" genus="Jacaena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="88" pageNumber="488" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Jacaena</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
The placement of
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[801,915,1708,1732]" class="Arachnida" family="Liocranidae" genus="Sphingius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="88" pageNumber="488" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[801,915,1708,1732]" italics="true" pageId="88" pageNumber="488">Sphingius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has aroused controversy. Simon (1897,
|
||
<collectionCode box="[328,393,1743,1767]" pageId="88" pageNumber="488">NHA</collectionCode>
|
||
: 157) moved the genus to the Molycriae, a tribe within the subfamily
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[160,285,1777,1801]" class="Arachnida" family="Gnaphosidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="88" pageNumber="488" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Micariinae">Micariinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[305,462,1777,1801]" class="Arachnida" family="Gnaphosidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="88" pageNumber="488" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Gnaphosidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
), which also included
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[739,844,1777,1801]" class="Arachnida" family="Prodidomidae" genus="Molycria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="88" pageNumber="488" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[739,844,1777,1801]" italics="true" pageId="88" pageNumber="488">Molycria</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis box="[909,1022,1777,1801]" italics="true" pageId="88" pageNumber="488">
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[909,1018,1777,1801]" class="Arachnida" family="Prodidomidae" genus="Myandra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="88" pageNumber="488" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Myandra</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
This placement was erroneous, as explained under
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[586,681,1812,1836]" class="Arachnida" family="Liocranidae" genus="Jacaena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="88" pageNumber="488" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[586,681,1812,1836]" italics="true" pageId="88" pageNumber="488">Jacaena</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
on p. 465. It was based mainly on a vague resemblance to
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[221,326,202,226]" class="Arachnida" family="Prodidomidae" genus="Myandra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="89" pageNumber="489" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[221,326,202,226]" italics="true" pageId="89" pageNumber="489">Myandra</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Simon admitted that the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[715,821,202,226]" class="Arachnida" family="Prodidomidae" genus="Molycria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="89" pageNumber="489" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[715,821,202,226]" italics="true" pageId="89" pageNumber="489">Molycria</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was unknown to him). He further argued this placement by the absence of ventral spines on anterior tibiae. Lehtinen (1967: 292) suggested that
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[404,518,272,296]" class="Arachnida" family="Liocranidae" genus="Sphingius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="89" pageNumber="489" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[404,518,272,296]" italics="true" pageId="89" pageNumber="489">Sphingius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
belongs in the
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[700,829,272,296]" class="Arachnida" family="Corinnidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="89" pageNumber="489" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Corinnidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
and this view was followed by Brignoli (1983) and Platnick (1989,
|
||
<date box="[589,765,308,332]" pageId="89" pageNumber="489" value="1993" valueMax="1997">1993 and 1997</date>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="89.[36,1094,375,437]" pageId="89" pageNumber="489">
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[36,149,378,402]" class="Arachnida" family="Liocranidae" genus="Sphingius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="89" pageNumber="489" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[36,149,378,402]" italics="true" pageId="89" pageNumber="489">Sphingius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is much less uniform than
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[487,595,378,402]" class="Arachnida" family="Liocranidae" genus="Teutamus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="89" pageNumber="489" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[487,595,378,402]" italics="true" pageId="89" pageNumber="489">Teutamus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis box="[660,773,378,402]" italics="true" pageId="89" pageNumber="489">
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[660,762,378,402]" class="Arachnida" family="Liocranidae" genus="Sesieutes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="89" pageNumber="489" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Sesieutes</taxonomicName>
|
||
\
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
eye pattern, spination and genital organs exhibit a wide variety.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="89" pageNumber="489" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="89.[35,1095,480,962]" pageId="89" pageNumber="489">
|
||
<emphasis box="[36,253,483,507]" italics="true" pageId="89" pageNumber="489">Described species</emphasis>
|
||
.— Apart from the type species, 11 species have been described in
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[36,149,517,541]" class="Arachnida" family="Liocranidae" genus="Sphingius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="89" pageNumber="489" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[36,149,517,541]" italics="true" pageId="89" pageNumber="489">Sphingius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis box="[210,345,517,541]" italics="true" pageId="89" pageNumber="489">Thamphilus</emphasis>
|
||
from a region stretching from India to Viet Nam and the Malay Peninsula; I add five new species here. Four of the Indian species were described by Gravely; two of the latter, emended by Majumder and Tikader, 1991, probably do not fit in the genus and are left out here (
|
||
<collectionCode box="[452,461,623,647]" pageId="89" pageNumber="489">I</collectionCode>
|
||
suspect that
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[623,751,623,647]" class="Arachnida" family="Liocranidae" genus="Sphingius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="89" pageNumber="489" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="longipes">
|
||
<emphasis box="[623,751,623,647]" italics="true" pageId="89" pageNumber="489">S. longipes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
belongs in
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="89" pageNumber="489">
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[896,995,623,647]" class="Arachnida" family="Miturgidae" genus="Systaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="89" pageNumber="489" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Systaria</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Thorell, 1890" authorityName="Thorell" authorityYear="1890" class="Arachnida" family="Liocranidae" genus="Sphingius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="89" pageNumber="489" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="thecatus">Sphingius thecatus Thorell, 1890</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
, ♀, Malaysia, Penang;
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Simon, 1897" authorityName="Simon" authorityYear="1897" box="[628,913,658,682]" class="Arachnida" family="Liocranidae" genus="Sphingius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="89" pageNumber="489" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="scutatus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[628,753,658,682]" italics="true" pageId="89" pageNumber="489">S. scutatus</emphasis>
|
||
Simon, 1897
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, ♂, Sri Lanka;
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Thorell, 1897" authorityName="Thorell" authorityYear="1897" box="[36,326,693,717]" class="Arachnida" family="Liocranidae" genus="Sphingius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="89" pageNumber="489" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vivax">
|
||
<emphasis box="[36,128,693,717]" italics="true" pageId="89" pageNumber="489">S. vivax</emphasis>
|
||
(Thorell, 1897)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, ♀. Myanmar (Burma) to Philippines;
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Thorell, 1897" authorityName="Thorell" authorityYear="1897" class="Arachnida" family="Liocranidae" genus="Sesieutes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="89" pageNumber="489" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="scrobiculatus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[801,989,693,717]" italics="true" pageId="89" pageNumber="489">S. scrobiculatus</emphasis>
|
||
Thorell, 1897
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, ♂, Myanmar (Burma), Palon;
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Gravely, 1931" authorityName="Gravely" authorityYear="1931" box="[481,822,728,752]" class="Arachnida" family="Liocranidae" genus="Sphingius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="89" pageNumber="489" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nilgiriensis">
|
||
<emphasis box="[481,642,728,752]" italics="true" pageId="89" pageNumber="489">S. nilgiriensis</emphasis>
|
||
Gravely, 1931
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, ♂, India;
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Simon. 1906" authorityName="Simon." authorityYear="1906" class="Arachnida" family="Liocranidae" genus="Sphingius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="89" pageNumber="489" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="caniceps">
|
||
<emphasis box="[963,1093,728,752]" italics="true" pageId="89" pageNumber="489">S. caniceps</emphasis>
|
||
Simon. 1906
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, ♂♀, India;
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Gravely, 1931" authorityName="Gravely" authorityYear="1931" box="[339,702,762,786]" class="Arachnida" family="Liocranidae" genus="Sphingius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="89" pageNumber="489" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="barkudensis">
|
||
<emphasis box="[339,512,762,786]" italics="true" pageId="89" pageNumber="489">S. barkudensis</emphasis>
|
||
Gravely, 1931
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis box="[715,740,762,786]" italics="true" pageId="89" pageNumber="489">♂</emphasis>
|
||
♀, India;
|
||
<emphasis box="[853,873,762,786]" italics="true" pageId="89" pageNumber="489">S.</emphasis>
|
||
bilineatus Simon, 1906, ♂♀, India;
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Biswas and Biswas, 1992" authorityName="Biswas and Biswas" authorityYear="1992" box="[254,729,797,821]" class="Arachnida" family="Liocranidae" genus="Sphingius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="89" pageNumber="489" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="paltaensis">
|
||
<emphasis box="[254,405,797,821]" italics="true" pageId="89" pageNumber="489">S. paltaensis</emphasis>
|
||
Biswas and Biswas, 1992
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, ♀. India;
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Thorell, 1895" authorityName="Thorell" authorityYear="1895" class="Arachnida" family="Liocranidae" genus="Sphingius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="89" pageNumber="489" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gracilis">
|
||
<emphasis box="[859,980,797,821]" italics="true" pageId="89" pageNumber="489">S. gracilis</emphasis>
|
||
(Thorell, 1895)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, ♀. Myanmar (Burma), Tharrawaddy;
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[566,696,832,856]" class="Arachnida" family="Liocranidae" genus="Sphingius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="89" pageNumber="489" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gothicus" status="sp. n.">
|
||
<emphasis box="[566,696,832,856]" italics="true" pageId="89" pageNumber="489">S. gothicus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[708,772,832,856]" pageId="89" pageNumber="489" rank="species">
|
||
sp.
|
||
<emphasis box="[751,768,832,856]" italics="true" pageId="89" pageNumber="489">n</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
, ♂♀, N Thailand;
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Liocranidae" genus="Sphingius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="89" pageNumber="489" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="penicillus" status="sp. n.">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1004,1092,832,856]" italics="true" pageId="89" pageNumber="489">S. penicillus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[109,173,867,891]" pageId="89" pageNumber="489" rank="species">
|
||
sp.
|
||
<emphasis box="[152,169,867,891]" italics="true" pageId="89" pageNumber="489">n</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
, ♂♀, Thailand;
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[376,576,867,891]" class="Arachnida" family="Liocranidae" genus="Sphingius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="89" pageNumber="489" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="octomaculatus" status="sp. n.">
|
||
<emphasis box="[376,576,867,891]" italics="true" pageId="89" pageNumber="489">S. octomaculatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[589,653,867,891]" pageId="89" pageNumber="489" rank="species">
|
||
sp.
|
||
<emphasis box="[632,649,867,891]" italics="true" pageId="89" pageNumber="489">n</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
, ♂♀, Thailand;
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[856,950,867,891]" class="Arachnida" family="Liocranidae" genus="Sphingius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="89" pageNumber="489" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="songi" status="sp. n.">
|
||
<emphasis box="[856,950,867,891]" italics="true" pageId="89" pageNumber="489">S. songi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[961,1025,867,891]" pageId="89" pageNumber="489" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
, ♂♀, Thailand;
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[156,297,902,926]" class="Arachnida" family="Liocranidae" genus="Sphingius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="89" pageNumber="489" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="punctatus" status="sp. n.">
|
||
<emphasis box="[156,297,902,926]" italics="true" pageId="89" pageNumber="489">S. punctatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[308,371,902,926]" pageId="89" pageNumber="489" rank="species">
|
||
sp.
|
||
<emphasis box="[349,367,902,926]" italics="true" pageId="89" pageNumber="489">n</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
, ♂♀, Thailand. Sumatra, Sulawesi, Lesser Sunda Islands, all this volume. New species are described in geographic order.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="89" pageNumber="489" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="89.[35,1095,1005,1555]" box="[37,431,1008,1032]" pageId="89" pageNumber="489">
|
||
<emphasis box="[37,308,1008,1032]" italics="true" pageId="89" pageNumber="489">Unidentified specimens</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation box="[328,419,1008,1032]" captionStart="Map 41" captionStartId="96.[152,198,990,1009]" captionTargetBox="[155,1196,234,912]" captionTargetId="figure@96.[155,1196,234,912]" captionTargetPageId="96" captionText="Map 41: (g) Sphingius gracilis (t) S. thecatus (b) S. barkudensis (p) S. paltaensis (n) S. nilgiriensis © S. caniceps ⁎ S. scrobiculatus ● S. vivax ■ S. gothicus ▲ S. penicillus ▼ S. octomaculatus ★ S. songi ◙ S. punctatus Ө Unidentified specimen 1 - 6" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/814782/files/figure.png" pageId="89" pageNumber="489">map 41</figureCitation>
|
||
):
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="89.[35,1095,1005,1555]" pageId="89" pageNumber="489">
|
||
Loc. 1: Thailand, Huay Yang, ♂: pale, smooth carapace, no collar, long curved embolus (
|
||
<collectionCode box="[79,172,1078,1102]" collectionName="Switzerland, Geneva, Museum d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="89" pageNumber="489">MHNG</collectionCode>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="89.[35,1095,1005,1555]" box="[36,1094,1112,1136]" pageId="89" pageNumber="489">
|
||
Loc. 2: Thailand, Ko Chang, ♀: epigyne with loops running through depression (
|
||
<collectionCode box="[989,1083,1112,1136]" collectionName="Switzerland, Geneva, Museum d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="89" pageNumber="489">MHNG</collectionCode>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="89.[35,1095,1005,1555]" pageId="89" pageNumber="489">
|
||
Loc. 3: Thailand, Ko Samui, Na Muang Waterfall,
|
||
<emphasis box="[670,680,1147,1171]" italics="true" pageId="89" pageNumber="489">♂</emphasis>
|
||
:21/
|
||
<quantity box="[701,773,1147,1171]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="89" pageNumber="489" unit="mm" value="2.0">2 mm</quantity>
|
||
, dorsal scutum, ventral brush in the middle (
|
||
<collectionCode box="[317,410,1182,1206]" collectionName="Switzerland, Geneva, Museum d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="89" pageNumber="489">MHNG</collectionCode>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="89.[35,1095,1005,1555]" box="[36,724,1217,1241]" pageId="89" pageNumber="489">
|
||
Loc. 4: Thailand, Mae Hia, ♂, with
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[471,600,1217,1241]" class="Arachnida" family="Liocranidae" genus="Sphingius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="89" pageNumber="489" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gothicus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[471,600,1217,1241]" italics="true" pageId="89" pageNumber="489">S. gothicus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectionCode box="[619,712,1217,1241]" collectionName="Switzerland, Geneva, Museum d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="89" pageNumber="489">MHNG</collectionCode>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="89.[35,1095,1005,1555]" pageId="89" pageNumber="489">
|
||
Loc. 5: Thailand, Ban Kiriwong, Khao Luang National Park, ♂♀: granulate carapace, small PME, very long tibial apophysis, epigyne with very large and deep depression, small spermathecae (
|
||
<collectionCode box="[318,411,1322,1346]" collectionName="Switzerland, Geneva, Museum d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="89" pageNumber="489">MHNG</collectionCode>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="89.[35,1095,1005,1555]" pageId="89" pageNumber="489">
|
||
Loc. 6: Thailand, Yala Province, Banglang National Park,
|
||
<quantity box="[743,816,1357,1381]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="89" pageNumber="489" unit="m" value="150.0">150 m</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<date box="[833,930,1357,1381]" pageId="89" pageNumber="489" value="1990-01-02">2.i. 1990</date>
|
||
, 1 ♂:
|
||
<quantity box="[1019,1089,1357,1381]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="89" pageNumber="489" unit="mm" value="2.0">2 mm</quantity>
|
||
, carapace smooth, femur
|
||
<date box="[368,420,1392,1416]" pageId="89" pageNumber="489">IV 2</date>
|
||
large dorsal spines; ventral brush in front of spinnerets (
|
||
<collectionCode box="[78,171,1427,1451]" collectionName="Switzerland, Geneva, Museum d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="89" pageNumber="489">MHNG</collectionCode>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="89.[35,1095,1005,1555]" box="[35,759,1462,1486]" pageId="89" pageNumber="489">
|
||
Loc. a (not on map): N Malaysia, Chenderiang 1 ♀ (
|
||
<collectionCode box="[654,748,1462,1486]" collectionName="Switzerland, Geneva, Museum d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="89" pageNumber="489">MHNG</collectionCode>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="89.[35,1095,1005,1555]" pageId="89" pageNumber="489">
|
||
Loc. b (not on map):
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Gravely, 1931" authorityName="Gravely" authorityYear="1931" box="[283,636,1496,1520]" class="Arachnida" family="Liocranidae" genus="Sphingius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="89" pageNumber="489" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="barkudensis">
|
||
cf.
|
||
<emphasis box="[320,460,1496,1520]" italics="true" pageId="89" pageNumber="489">barkudensis</emphasis>
|
||
Gravely, 1931
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, W Java, Cibodas, Gunung Gedeh Nat. Park, ♂♀.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="89.[35,1095,1597,1730]" pageId="89" pageNumber="489">
|
||
<emphasis box="[36,285,1600,1624]" italics="true" pageId="89" pageNumber="489">Old material studied</emphasis>
|
||
.—
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[331,427,1600,1624]" class="Arachnida" family="Liocranidae" genus="Sphingius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="89" pageNumber="489" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vivax">
|
||
<emphasis box="[331,427,1600,1624]" italics="true" pageId="89" pageNumber="489">S. vivax</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, ♀ type, Moulmein,
|
||
<collectionCode box="[694,800,1600,1624]" collectionName="MCSNG" pageId="89" pageNumber="489">MCSNG</collectionCode>
|
||
;
|
||
<emphasis box="[818,946,1600,1624]" italics="true" pageId="89" pageNumber="489">
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[818,942,1600,1624]" class="Arachnida" family="Liocranidae" genus="Sphingius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="89" pageNumber="489" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gracilis">S. gracilis</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
2 ♀, Palon,
|
||
<collectionCode box="[36,137,1635,1659]" collectionName="MCSNG" pageId="89" pageNumber="489">MCSNG</collectionCode>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation box="[155,256,1635,1659]" captionStart="Figs 837" captionStartId="91.[41,85,1682,1701]" captionTargetBox="[75,1091,215,1647]" captionTargetId="figure@91.[75,1091,215,1647]]" captionTargetPageId="91" captionText="Figs 837. Sphingius gracilis, fem ale, type (M CSNG) Tharawaddy, epigyne, free hand sketch. 838. Female Palon (BM), vulva, free hand sketch. 839. Sphingius scrobiculatus, male type, Palon, male palp, free hand sketch. 840 - 842. Sphingius vivax, Malaysia. 840. M ale palp, ventral. 841. R etrolat eral. 842. Vulva, in clove oil, dorsal. 843 - 846. Sphingius gothicus sp. n. 843. Male holotype, palp, ventral. 844. Retrolateral. 845. Epigyne. 846. Vulva, in clove oil, ventral." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/814780/files/figure.png" pageId="89" pageNumber="489">figs 837</figureCitation>
|
||
-
|
||
<figureCitation box="[264,310,1635,1659]" captionStart="Figs 837" captionStartId="91.[41,85,1682,1701]" captionTargetBox="[75,1091,215,1647]" captionTargetId="figure@91.[75,1091,215,1647]]" captionTargetPageId="91" captionText="Figs 837. Sphingius gracilis, fem ale, type (M CSNG) Tharawaddy, epigyne, free hand sketch. 838. Female Palon (BM), vulva, free hand sketch. 839. Sphingius scrobiculatus, male type, Palon, male palp, free hand sketch. 840 - 842. Sphingius vivax, Malaysia. 840. M ale palp, ventral. 841. R etrolat eral. 842. Vulva, in clove oil, dorsal. 843 - 846. Sphingius gothicus sp. n. 843. Male holotype, palp, ventral. 844. Retrolateral. 845. Epigyne. 846. Vulva, in clove oil, ventral." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/814780/files/figure.png" pageId="89" pageNumber="489">838</figureCitation>
|
||
), ♀, (type), Tharrawaddy, leg. Oates, BM;
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Palon" authorityName="Palon" box="[818,1089,1635,1659]" class="Arachnida" family="Liocranidae" genus="Sesieutes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="89" pageNumber="489" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="scrobiculatus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[818,1010,1635,1659]" italics="true" pageId="89" pageNumber="489">S. scrobiculatus,</emphasis>
|
||
Palon
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, ♂, type,
|
||
<collectionCode box="[147,249,1670,1694]" collectionName="MCSNG" pageId="89" pageNumber="489">MCSNG</collectionCode>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation box="[268,364,1670,1694]" captionStart="Figs 837" captionStartId="91.[41,85,1682,1701]" captionTargetBox="[75,1091,215,1647]" captionTargetId="figure@91.[75,1091,215,1647]]" captionTargetPageId="91" captionText="Figs 837. Sphingius gracilis, fem ale, type (M CSNG) Tharawaddy, epigyne, free hand sketch. 838. Female Palon (BM), vulva, free hand sketch. 839. Sphingius scrobiculatus, male type, Palon, male palp, free hand sketch. 840 - 842. Sphingius vivax, Malaysia. 840. M ale palp, ventral. 841. R etrolat eral. 842. Vulva, in clove oil, dorsal. 843 - 846. Sphingius gothicus sp. n. 843. Male holotype, palp, ventral. 844. Retrolateral. 845. Epigyne. 846. Vulva, in clove oil, ventral." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/814780/files/figure.png" pageId="89" pageNumber="489">fig. 839</figureCitation>
|
||
). I could find no specimen of
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[723,850,1670,1694]" class="Arachnida" family="Liocranidae" genus="Sphingius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="89" pageNumber="489" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="thecatus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[723,850,1670,1694]" italics="true" pageId="89" pageNumber="489">S. thecatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the
|
||
<collectionCode box="[936,1038,1670,1694]" collectionName="MCSNG" pageId="89" pageNumber="489">MCSNG</collectionCode>
|
||
during my visits in
|
||
<date box="[232,405,1705,1729]" pageId="89" pageNumber="489" value="1986" valueMax="1989">1986 and 1989</date>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection lastPageId="90" lastPageNumber="490" pageId="89" pageNumber="489" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="89.[35,1096,1771,1834]" lastBlockId="90.[155,1217,204,859]" lastPageId="90" lastPageNumber="490" pageId="89" pageNumber="489">
|
||
<emphasis box="[35,153,1774,1798]" italics="true" pageId="89" pageNumber="489">Diagnosis</emphasis>
|
||
.— Cylindrical, vaguely ant-like spiders with armoured males of small to medium size, with spineless antior tibiae and metatarsi. The colour ranges from pale yellow to almost black. Species in the genus can be distinguished from other ground spiders with diagonally depressed endites by the juxtaposed and conical anterior spinnerets, the entire dorsal, epigastric and postgenital scutum in the abdomen in males. In females there is only a tripartite epigastric scutum.
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[604,718,311,335]" class="Arachnida" family="Liocranidae" genus="Sphingius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="90" pageNumber="490" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[604,718,311,335]" italics="true" pageId="90" pageNumber="490">Sphingius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is distinct from
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[921,1026,311,335]" class="Arachnida" family="Liocranidae" genus="Sesieutes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="90" pageNumber="490" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[921,1026,311,335]" italics="true" pageId="90" pageNumber="490">Sesieutes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by the absence of a dorsal scutum in females and from other phrurolithines by the spineless anterior tibiae and metatarsi and by the tarsi in leg I-III being almost as long as the metatarsi (except in
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[189,362,416,440]" class="Arachnida" family="Liocranidae" genus="Sphingius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="90" pageNumber="490" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="octomaculatus">octomaculatus</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis box="[362,375,416,440]" italics="true" pageId="90" pageNumber="490">).</emphasis>
|
||
Furthermore, there are distinguishing features in the male palp viz. a filiform embolus, a lanceolate membraneous conductor (which may be absent) and a compact median apophysis. The epigyne has an anterior rebordered depression (absent in
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Liocranidae" genus="Sphingius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="90" pageNumber="490" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gracilis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="90" pageNumber="490">S. gracilis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation box="[265,367,521,545]" captionStart="Figs 837" captionStartId="91.[41,85,1682,1701]" captionTargetBox="[75,1091,215,1647]" captionTargetId="figure@91.[75,1091,215,1647]]" captionTargetPageId="91" captionText="Figs 837. Sphingius gracilis, fem ale, type (M CSNG) Tharawaddy, epigyne, free hand sketch. 838. Female Palon (BM), vulva, free hand sketch. 839. Sphingius scrobiculatus, male type, Palon, male palp, free hand sketch. 840 - 842. Sphingius vivax, Malaysia. 840. M ale palp, ventral. 841. R etrolat eral. 842. Vulva, in clove oil, dorsal. 843 - 846. Sphingius gothicus sp. n. 843. Male holotype, palp, ventral. 844. Retrolateral. 845. Epigyne. 846. Vulva, in clove oil, ventral." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/814780/files/figure.png" pageId="90" pageNumber="490">figs 837</figureCitation>
|
||
-
|
||
<figureCitation box="[375,420,521,545]" captionStart="Figs 837" captionStartId="91.[41,85,1682,1701]" captionTargetBox="[75,1091,215,1647]" captionTargetId="figure@91.[75,1091,215,1647]]" captionTargetPageId="91" captionText="Figs 837. Sphingius gracilis, fem ale, type (M CSNG) Tharawaddy, epigyne, free hand sketch. 838. Female Palon (BM), vulva, free hand sketch. 839. Sphingius scrobiculatus, male type, Palon, male palp, free hand sketch. 840 - 842. Sphingius vivax, Malaysia. 840. M ale palp, ventral. 841. R etrolat eral. 842. Vulva, in clove oil, dorsal. 843 - 846. Sphingius gothicus sp. n. 843. Male holotype, palp, ventral. 844. Retrolateral. 845. Epigyne. 846. Vulva, in clove oil, ventral." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/814780/files/figure.png" pageId="90" pageNumber="490">838</figureCitation>
|
||
, not obvious in
|
||
<emphasis box="[620,773,521,545]" italics="true" pageId="90" pageNumber="490">octopunctata</emphasis>
|
||
) which is often filled with plugging material and in which the funnel-shaped openings are located.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="90.[155,1217,204,859]" pageId="90" pageNumber="490">
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[192,306,591,615]" class="Arachnida" family="Liocranidae" genus="Sphingius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="90" pageNumber="490" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[192,306,591,615]" italics="true" pageId="90" pageNumber="490">Sphingius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
may be confounded with the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[768,860,591,615]" class="Arachnida" family="Gnaphosidae" genus="Micaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="90" pageNumber="490" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[768,860,591,615]" italics="true" pageId="90" pageNumber="490">Micaria</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[884,1041,591,615]" class="Arachnida" family="Gnaphosidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="90" pageNumber="490" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Gnaphosidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1067,1160,591,615]" class="Arachnida" family="Gnaphosidae" genus="Micaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="90" pageNumber="490" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1067,1160,591,615]" italics="true" pageId="90" pageNumber="490">Micaria</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has cylindrical, well separated anterior spinnerets which typifies this genus as gnaphosid and the males have an unusual abdomen, constricted dorsally and covered with iridescent hair. Further properties of
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[411,503,695,719]" class="Arachnida" family="Gnaphosidae" genus="Micaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="90" pageNumber="490" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[411,503,695,719]" italics="true" pageId="90" pageNumber="490">Micaria</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
which distinguish it from
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[823,936,695,719]" class="Arachnida" family="Liocranidae" genus="Sphingius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="90" pageNumber="490" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[823,936,695,719]" italics="true" pageId="90" pageNumber="490">Sphingius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are the procurved posterior eye row, the cheliceral armature which consists of 2 promarginal teeth and 0 or 1 retrolateral denticles and the posterior median spinnerets in females, which are cylindrical-acuminate. The male palp in
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[567,658,800,824]" class="Arachnida" family="Gnaphosidae" genus="Micaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="90" pageNumber="490" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[567,658,800,824]" italics="true" pageId="90" pageNumber="490">Micaria</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has a much shorter thicker embolus than in
|
||
<emphasis box="[156,275,835,859]" italics="true" pageId="90" pageNumber="490">
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[156,272,835,859]" class="Arachnida" family="Liocranidae" genus="Sphingius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="90" pageNumber="490" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Sphingius</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection lastPageId="92" lastPageNumber="492" pageId="90" pageNumber="490" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="90.[154,1214,902,1832]" lastBlockId="92.[151,1209,201,262]" lastPageId="92" lastPageNumber="492" pageId="90" pageNumber="490">
|
||
<emphasis box="[156,302,905,929]" italics="true" pageId="90" pageNumber="490">Description.</emphasis>
|
||
— Carapace low and flat, surface with pits and thorns, granulate or smooth. Eye group width over at most 2/3 of carapace width, AER procurved in frontal view, straight in dorsal view; posterior row slightly longer than anterior row, AME smallest, PER straight or slightly recurved in dorsal view, PME often angular or somewhat oval; clypeus rebordered, equal to or less than 1 d AME. Chilum a triangular, separate sclerite, juxtaposed to clypeus. Labium longer than wide, excavated at the tip. Chelicerae with 3 promarginal teeth and 2 widely spaced denticles on retromargin. Sternum widely truncate between coxae IV, sometimes fused with pedicel. Retrocoxal window absent. Tarsi long, almost as long as metatarsi. Femora with a small dorsal spine basally, anterior tibiae and metatarsi spineless except in the undescribed species from Thailand, Huay Yang, in which tibia I and II bear 1 pair of small ventral spines. Anterior femora dorsally geniculate near base, shorter than carapace length; anterior femora with 1 proximo-dorsal spine, posterior legs with spines or spineless; posterior metatarsi with apical brush, tarsal claw tufts feeble; tarsal claws long and curved, teeth sometimes obsolete in posterior legs. Females with arched and flattened palpal femur. Abdomen widest in posterior half, in males with dorsal and ventral scutum, the latter composed of an epigastric and a full postgenital scutum; epigastric scutum sometimes with collar, postgenital scutum most often fused with epigastric scutum; in females dorsal scutum absent and epigastric scutum tripartite, divided into a central plate and two lateral plates. ALS juxtaposed and conical, PLS with very short and flat distal segment with several thin elongate spigots, PMS in females feebly compressed laterally, on flat truncation 2 rows of spigots (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[695,788,1600,1624]" captionStart="Figs 847 - 852" captionStartId="98.[150,193,1718,1737]" captionTargetBox="[156,1191,232,1677]" captionTargetId="figure@98.[156,1191,232,1677]" captionTargetPageId="98" captionText="Figs 847 - 852. Sphingius penicillus sp. n. 847. Male holotype, habitus. 848. Palp, retrolateral. 849. Ventral. 850. Epigyne. 8 5 1. Vulva, in clove oil, ventral. 852. Female, spinnerets, ventro-caudal. 853 - 856. Sphingius songi sp. n. 853. Male palp, ventral. 854. Retrolateral. 855. Epigyne. 856. Vulva, dorsal." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/814784/files/figure.png" pageId="90" pageNumber="490">fig. 852</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis box="[801,930,1600,1624]" italics="true" pageId="90" pageNumber="490">
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[801,918,1600,1624]" class="Arachnida" family="Liocranidae" genus="Sphingius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="90" pageNumber="490" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="penicillus">penicillus</taxonomicName>
|
||
),
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
PMS in males cylindrical, with very few spigots apically. Male palp with simple tibial apophysis; spiniform embolus only occasionally reaching beyond tip of tegulum, median apophysis cubical; conductor small and lanceolate or absent. Epigyne framed in rectangular central epigastric plate. Epigyne consisting of a usually large and rebordered depression anteriorly, often plugged with black substance, from which a funnel-shaped duct leads to the spermathecae. Openings in the corners of depression. Bursae present, thin-walled, often small. Insemination ducts join the ducts which connect bursae with spermathecae at a point usually close to bursae.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/814780/files/figure.png" pageId="91" pageNumber="491" targetBox="[75,1091,215,1647]" targetPageId="91">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="91.[41,1096,1682,1828]" pageId="91" pageNumber="491">
|
||
Figs 837.
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[147,250,1682,1701]" class="Arachnida" family="Liocranidae" genus="Sphingius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="91" pageNumber="491" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[147,250,1682,1701]" italics="true" pageId="91" pageNumber="491">Sphingius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[259,339,1682,1701]" class="Arachnida" family="Liocranidae" genus="Sphingius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="91" pageNumber="491" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gracilis">gracilis</taxonomicName>
|
||
, female, type (M CSNG) Tharawaddy,
|
||
<emphasis box="[760,846,1682,1701]" italics="true" pageId="91" pageNumber="491">epigyne</emphasis>
|
||
, free hand sketch. 838. Female Palon (BM), vulva, free hand sketch. 839.
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[582,835,1714,1733]" class="Arachnida" family="Liocranidae" genus="Sphingius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="91" pageNumber="491" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="scrobiculatus">Sphingius scrobiculatus</taxonomicName>
|
||
, male type, Palon, male palp, free hand sketch. 840-842.
|
||
<emphasis box="[391,562,1745,1764]" italics="true" pageId="91" pageNumber="491">
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[391,557,1745,1764]" class="Arachnida" family="Liocranidae" genus="Sphingius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="91" pageNumber="491" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vivax">Sphingius vivax</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Malaysia. 840. Male palp, ventral. 841. R etrolat eral. 842. Vulva, in clove oil, dorsal. 843-846.
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[544,744,1777,1796]" class="Arachnida" family="Liocranidae" genus="Sphingius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="91" pageNumber="491" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gothicus" status="sp. n.">
|
||
<emphasis box="[544,744,1777,1796]" italics="true" pageId="91" pageNumber="491">Sphingius gothicus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[755,811,1777,1796]" pageId="91" pageNumber="491" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
843. Male holotype, palp, ventral. 844. Retrolateral. 845. Epigyne. 846. Vulva, in clove oil, ventral.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="92.[151,1211,306,437]" pageId="92" pageNumber="492">
|
||
<emphasis box="[151,241,308,332]" italics="true" pageId="92" pageNumber="492">Remark</emphasis>
|
||
.— Long-term pitfall trapping activities in various parts of Thailand by P. Schwendinger resulted in a number of small (
|
||
<quantity box="[738,840,343,367]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="92" pageNumber="492" unit="mm" value="2.5" valueMax="3.0" valueMin="2.0">2-3 mm</quantity>
|
||
), possibly endemic
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1095,1208,343,367]" class="Arachnida" family="Liocranidae" genus="Sphingius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="92" pageNumber="492" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1095,1208,343,367]" italics="true" pageId="92" pageNumber="492">Sphingius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species (see under unidentified specimens), showing that the area was a centre of speciation.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="92" pageNumber="492" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="92.[151,1211,481,647]" pageId="92" pageNumber="492">
|
||
<emphasis box="[151,294,483,507]" italics="true" pageId="92" pageNumber="492">Distribution</emphasis>
|
||
.— India, Sri Lanka, Myanmar (Burma), Vietnam, southern Thailand, Malaysia, Sumatra, Java, Lesser Sunda Islands, Sulawesi, Philippines.
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1021,1210,518,542]" class="Arachnida" family="Liocranidae" genus="Sphingius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="92" pageNumber="492" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vivax">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1021,1210,518,542]" italics="true" pageId="92" pageNumber="492">Sphingius vivax</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[202,316,553,577]" class="Arachnida" family="Liocranidae" genus="Sphingius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="92" pageNumber="492" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="punctatus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[202,316,553,577]" italics="true" pageId="92" pageNumber="492">punctatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are widely distributed, the other species appear to be local, but may have their range extended into neighbouring regions, which for the time being are poorly known arachnologically.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="92" pageNumber="492" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="92.[151,1211,691,787]" pageId="92" pageNumber="492">
|
||
<emphasis box="[151,241,693,717]" italics="true" pageId="92" pageNumber="492">Habitat</emphasis>
|
||
.— A variety of forests, from primary rainforest to light monsoon forests. Most material was collected by sifting leaf litter in forests and in pitfall traps. Some male specimens were taken by day when they crossed a road or track.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |