305 lines
50 KiB
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305 lines
50 KiB
XML
<document id="FD545095CAC6EAB8E0F975EC66E218F6" ID-CLB-Dataset="289369" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5415.1.8" ID-GBIF-Dataset="dab5539f-d301-4580-832e-ad59ffab76ef" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10692802" ID-ZooBank="C7ADB355-25A5-4E03-841E-7D429C6CC370" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="carolina" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="carolina" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="carolina" checkinTime="1708602935388" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="González-Mozo, Laura & Mckamey, Stuart H." docDate="2024" docId="756587F1FFBCFF9EFF37FB14FE0E3A9E" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5415.1.8.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5415 (1)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5415.1.8" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Polyodontotrochus González-Mozo & Mckamey 2024, new genus" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="171" masterDocId="895CFF89FFBDFF9CFFA0FF92FFD03D43" masterDocTitle="A new genus and four new species of Darnini (Hemiptera: Membracidae) from South America" masterLastPageNumber="180" masterPageNumber="169" pageNumber="170" updateTime="1709039395122" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:titleInfo id="59C90CFF1704BDC338C8FE09FA70E638">
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<mods:title id="8312DF8782C2E956ECE5AABEE1C9A78D">A new genus and four new species of Darnini (Hemiptera: Membracidae) from South America</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="C1E4F31BF01062746C809FEF3ADD5549" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="CE58E1EB5741BD48F7E7B626DA38773E">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="77CE4B23134862A1E3D03D4F05C1DFB6">González-Mozo, Laura</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="4AAAEED69F7267FB0DBDA3C302B9583E">American Museum of Natural History, Invertebrate Zoology, American Museum of Natural History, New York, New York; Grupo Sistemática de Insectos Agronomía SIA, Museo Entomológico UNAB, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Carrera 30, 45 - 03 Bogotá, Colombia.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="CA8B847C7143C9741D9921D73F4FFEF4">Mckamey, Stuart H.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="1BF9805AA03D048793552EDA91D50233">USDA Agricultural Research Service, Systematic Entomology Laboratory, c / o NMNH, MRC- 168, Smithsonian Institution, P. O. Box 37012, Washington, DC, 20013 - 7012, U. S. A.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title id="8B15334A9E9C26C2C1797130DAFBEF64">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="706A567B7CCF215A4C01D3B46A406580">2024</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="A7E65728D2F267974D7A9CEE7AF7C93A">2024-02-20</mods:number>
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<treatment id="756587F1FFBCFF9EFF37FB14FE0E3A9E" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10692787" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10692787" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:756587F1FFBCFF9EFF37FB14FE0E3A9E" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/756587F1FFBCFF9EFF37FB14FE0E3A9E" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="171" pageId="1" pageNumber="170">
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<subSubSection id="B5D6656CFFBCFF9DFF37FB14FDDC39E2" box="[151,524,1158,1185]" pageId="1" pageNumber="170" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="FD7336E7FFBCFF9DFF37FB14FDDC39E2" blockId="1.[151,524,1158,1185]" box="[151,524,1158,1185]" pageId="1" pageNumber="170">
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<heading id="A63B818BFFBCFF9DFF37FB14FDDC39E2" bold="true" box="[151,524,1158,1185]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="170" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="CFB8EAF5FFBCFF9DFF37FB14FDDC39E2" bold="true" box="[151,524,1158,1185]" pageId="1" pageNumber="170">
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<taxonomicName id="3ACC4D64FFBCFF9DFF37FB14FEAB39E2" authority="González-Mozo & Mckamey, 2024" authorityName="González-Mozo & Mckamey" authorityYear="2024" box="[151,379,1158,1185]" class="Insecta" family="Membracidae" genus="Polyodontotrochus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="170" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
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<emphasis id="CFB8EAF5FFBCFF9DFF37FB14FEAB39E2" bold="true" box="[151,379,1158,1185]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="170">Polyodontotrochus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="D48B578EFFBCFF9DFE2AFB15FDDC39E2" box="[394,524,1159,1185]" pageId="1" pageNumber="170" rank="genus">new genus</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="B5D6656CFFBCFF9DFF37FB5DFD6F39AA" box="[151,703,1230,1257]" pageId="1" pageNumber="170" type="type_taxon">
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<paragraph id="FD7336E7FFBCFF9DFF37FB5DFD6F39AA" blockId="1.[151,1437,1230,2013]" box="[151,703,1230,1257]" pageId="1" pageNumber="170">
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<emphasis id="CFB8EAF5FFBCFF9DFF37FB5DFEE539AB" bold="true" box="[151,309,1230,1257]" pageId="1" pageNumber="170">
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<typeStatus id="22778845FFBCFF9DFF37FB5DFF0239AA" box="[151,210,1231,1257]" pageId="1" pageNumber="170">Type</typeStatus>
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species:
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</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="3ACC4D64FFBCFF9DFE9CFB5DFDA339AA" authority="González-Mozo & Mckamey, 2024" authorityName="González-Mozo & Mckamey" authorityYear="2024" box="[316,627,1231,1257]" class="Insecta" family="Membracidae" genus="Polyodontotrochus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="170" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="elevatus" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="CFB8EAF5FFBCFF9DFE9CFB5DFDA339AA" box="[316,627,1231,1257]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="170">Polyodontotrochus elevatus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<emphasis id="CFB8EAF5FFBCFF9DFD20FB5DFD6F39AA" bold="true" box="[640,703,1231,1257]" pageId="1" pageNumber="170">
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="D48B578EFFBCFF9DFD20FB5DFD6F39AA" box="[640,703,1231,1257]" pageId="1" pageNumber="170" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="B5D6656CFFBCFF9DFF67FB60FB893816" pageId="1" pageNumber="170" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="FD7336E7FFBCFF9DFF67FB60FB893816" blockId="1.[151,1437,1230,2013]" pageId="1" pageNumber="170">
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<emphasis id="CFB8EAF5FFBCFF9DFF67FB60FEEA384F" bold="true" box="[199,314,1266,1292]" pageId="1" pageNumber="170">Diagnosis</emphasis>
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. Head subquadrate; pronotum with large suprahumeral horns projected anterolaterally or dorsolaterally, with truncate apices; inner sides of metathoracic trochanters with apposed, studded, flattened plates (
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<figureCitation id="65F72A62FFBCFF9DFF3FFAA9FF343816" box="[159,228,1339,1365]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–6" captionStartId="4.[152,270,1768,1792]" captionTargetBox="[218,1370,179,1742]" captionTargetId="figure-24@4.[218,1370,179,1742]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 1–6. (1) Polyodontotrochus auriculatus forewing; (2) P. inpa Metathoracic leg; (3) P. elevatus metathoracic tibia; (4–6) P. auriculatus; (4) metathoracic trochanter studs; (5–6) SEM of metathoracic leg: (5) metathoracic trochanter ventral view showing studs; (6) metathoracic femur ventral view showing cucullate setae and studs. Abbreviation: C: Costal vein; CS: cucullate setae; Cu: Cubital vein; M: Medial vein; R: Radial vein." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10692804" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10692804/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="170">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
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); metathoracic tibiae with cucullate setal rows II and III incomplete, I missing.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="B5D6656CFFBCFF9EFF67FACCFE413F22" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="171" pageId="1" pageNumber="170" type="description">
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<paragraph id="FD7336E7FFBCFF9DFF67FACCFE9C3882" blockId="1.[151,1437,1230,2013]" pageId="1" pageNumber="170">
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<emphasis id="CFB8EAF5FFBCFF9DFF67FACCFE81383B" bold="true" box="[199,337,1374,1400]" pageId="1" pageNumber="170">Description</emphasis>
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.
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<emphasis id="CFB8EAF5FFBCFF9DFEFFFACCFE73383B" bold="true" box="[351,419,1374,1400]" pageId="1" pageNumber="170">Color</emphasis>
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. Various shades of gray and brown; with white waxy substance on pronotal lateral lobe and proepimeron.
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<emphasis id="CFB8EAF5FFBCFF9DFE93FA10FE7738DF" bold="true" box="[307,423,1410,1436]" pageId="1" pageNumber="170">Sculpture</emphasis>
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. Vertex with setae, without ventrolateral punctate regions; pronotum strongly punctate with numerous setae.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="FD7336E7FFBCFF9DFF67FA59FED83B12" blockId="1.[151,1437,1230,2013]" pageId="1" pageNumber="170">
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<emphasis id="CFB8EAF5FFBCFF9DFF67FA59FEDE38A6" bold="true" box="[199,270,1483,1509]" pageId="1" pageNumber="170">Head.</emphasis>
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Subquadrate, coronal suture indistinctly delimited on vertex in anterior view, dorsal and ventral margins not parallel, dorsal margin extended in mid 2/3rds (
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<figureCitation id="65F72A62FFBCFF9DFD78FA7DFC833B4A" box="[728,851,1519,1545]" captionStart="FIGURES 7–10" captionStartId="5.[152,270,893,917]" captionTargetBox="[241,1347,181,869]" captionTargetId="figure-17@5.[241,1347,181,869]" captionText="FIGURES 7–10. Anterior views. (7) P. auriculatus; (8) P. elevatus; (9) P. inpa; (10) P. extentapalaestrus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10716838" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10716838/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="170">Figs. 7–10</figureCitation>
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), vertically oriented, wider than high; supraantennal margins straight (
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<figureCitation id="65F72A62FFBCFF9DFEFFF981FE0A3B6E" box="[351,474,1555,1581]" captionStart="FIGURES 7–10" captionStartId="5.[152,270,893,917]" captionTargetBox="[241,1347,181,869]" captionTargetId="figure-17@5.[241,1347,181,869]" captionText="FIGURES 7–10. Anterior views. (7) P. auriculatus; (8) P. elevatus; (9) P. inpa; (10) P. extentapalaestrus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10716838" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10716838/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="170">Figs. 8, 10</figureCitation>
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) or weakly convex (
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<figureCitation id="65F72A62FFBCFF9DFD67F981FCE53B6E" box="[711,821,1555,1581]" captionStart="FIGURES 7–10" captionStartId="5.[152,270,893,917]" captionTargetBox="[241,1347,181,869]" captionTargetId="figure-17@5.[241,1347,181,869]" captionText="FIGURES 7–10. Anterior views. (7) P. auriculatus; (8) P. elevatus; (9) P. inpa; (10) P. extentapalaestrus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10716838" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10716838/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="170">Figs. 7, 9</figureCitation>
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), slightly overlapping clypeus; ocelli oblong, dorsally divergent.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="FD7336E7FFBCFF9EFF67F9C9FB853C5E" blockId="1.[151,1437,1230,2013]" lastBlockId="2.[151,1437,150,2013]" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="171" pageId="1" pageNumber="170">
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<emphasis id="CFB8EAF5FFBCFF9DFF67F9C9FEF73B36" bold="true" box="[199,295,1627,1653]" pageId="1" pageNumber="170">Thorax.</emphasis>
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<emphasis id="CFB8EAF5FFBCFF9DFE94F9C9FE733B37" box="[308,419,1627,1652]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="170">Pronotum</emphasis>
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. Mostly covering forewing in repose (not covering costal or radial cells), with large suprahumeral horns, postocular lobe wide but undeveloped (not carinate), dorsal carina distinctly raised throughout, lateral longitudinal carinae present or absent, posteriorly with subtriangular apex and ventrally hollow, without air pocket, apex with single point, highest point of pronotum, excluding suprahumeral horns, behind humeral angles.
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<emphasis id="CFB8EAF5FFBCFF9DFF37F979FED33A47" box="[151,259,1771,1796]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="170">Forewing</emphasis>
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. Costal margin curving to forewing apex, apical limbus beginning at vein R
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<subScript id="614834A2FFBCFF9DFBE7F96FFB9F3A48" attach="left" box="[1095,1103,1789,1803]" fontSize="6" pageId="1" pageNumber="170">1</subScript>
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, costal cell mostly sclerotized and punctate, vein R branched,
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<emphasis id="CFB8EAF5FFBCFF9DFE5EF89DFDD93A6B" box="[510,521,1807,1832]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="170">s</emphasis>
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crossvein present or absent, with 1 or 2 m-cu crossveins, veins M
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<subScript id="614834A2FFBCFF9DFB56F8B3FB2E3A6C" attach="left" box="[1270,1278,1825,1839]" fontSize="6" pageId="1" pageNumber="170">3</subScript>
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and M
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<subScript id="614834A2FFBCFF9DFAEFF8B3FA873A6C" attach="left" box="[1359,1367,1825,1839]" fontSize="6" pageId="1" pageNumber="170">4</subScript>
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fused until marginal vein, M and Cu veins strongly divergent distally, forewing at rest at least half-concealed by pronotum and not quite attaining pronotal apex (
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<figureCitation id="65F72A62FFBCFF9DFDE1F8C5FD453A32" box="[577,661,1879,1905]" captionStart="FIGURES 15–18" captionStartId="7.[152,270,1224,1248]" captionTargetBox="[262,1325,416,1200]" captionTargetId="figure-108@7.[262,1325,416,1200]" captionText="FIGURES 15–18. Lateral views. (15) P. auriculatus; (16) P. elevatus; (17) P. inpa; (18) P. extentapalaestrus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10716844" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10716844/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="170">Fig. 18</figureCitation>
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).
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<emphasis id="CFB8EAF5FFBCFF9DFD09F8C5FD0E3A33" box="[681,734,1879,1904]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="170">Legs</emphasis>
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. Mesothoracic trochanters with 2–5 strongly sclerotized studs; mesothoracic femora with irregular row of ventral, strongly sclerotized studs and with apical, anterior lobe small (extending ventrally in length less than apical width); mesothoracic tibia with 2 complete ventral rows of strongly sclerotized studs; metathoracic trochanters with inner face flat, platelike, bearing 14–17 black, strongly sclerotized short studs scattered throughout (
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<figureCitation id="65F72A62FFBFFF9EFDB1FF05FD4C3DF2" box="[529,668,150,177]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–6" captionStartId="4.[152,270,1768,1792]" captionTargetBox="[218,1370,179,1742]" captionTargetId="figure-24@4.[218,1370,179,1742]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 1–6. (1) Polyodontotrochus auriculatus forewing; (2) P. inpa Metathoracic leg; (3) P. elevatus metathoracic tibia; (4–6) P. auriculatus; (4) metathoracic trochanter studs; (5–6) SEM of metathoracic leg: (5) metathoracic trochanter ventral view showing studs; (6) metathoracic femur ventral view showing cucullate setae and studs. Abbreviation: C: Costal vein; CS: cucullate setae; Cu: Cubital vein; M: Medial vein; R: Radial vein." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10692804" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10692804/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="171">Figs. 2, 4, 5</figureCitation>
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); metathoracic femora ventrally with 1–5 strongly sclerotized studs present in only basal 1/4, but not in single row, 1–3 cucullate setae present (
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<figureCitation id="65F72A62FFBFFF9EFC42FF29FBF63D96" box="[994,1062,187,213]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–6" captionStartId="4.[152,270,1768,1792]" captionTargetBox="[218,1370,179,1742]" captionTargetId="figure-24@4.[218,1370,179,1742]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 1–6. (1) Polyodontotrochus auriculatus forewing; (2) P. inpa Metathoracic leg; (3) P. elevatus metathoracic tibia; (4–6) P. auriculatus; (4) metathoracic trochanter studs; (5–6) SEM of metathoracic leg: (5) metathoracic trochanter ventral view showing studs; (6) metathoracic femur ventral view showing cucullate setae and studs. Abbreviation: C: Costal vein; CS: cucullate setae; Cu: Cubital vein; M: Medial vein; R: Radial vein." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10692804" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10692804/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="171">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
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); metathoracic tibia row I absent; row II present as single row of cucullate setae but incomplete, with only 2–5 present, spinelike; row III complete in single row for entire length; first tarsomere lacking cucullate setae on plantar surface.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="FD7336E7FFBFFF9EFF67FEB4FC243CB6" blockId="2.[151,1437,150,2013]" pageId="2" pageNumber="171">
|
||
<emphasis id="CFB8EAF5FFBFFF9EFF67FEB4FE933C02" bold="true" box="[199,323,294,321]" pageId="2" pageNumber="171">Abdomen.</emphasis>
|
||
Terga without pits, fossae, or digitate processes; pygofer without dorsal carina (
|
||
<figureCitation id="65F72A62FFBFFF9EFB10FEB5FADB3C02" box="[1200,1291,295,321]" captionStart="FIGURES 19–24" captionStartId="8.[152,270,1915,1939]" captionTargetBox="[250,1337,273,1892]" captionTargetId="figure-67@8.[250,1337,273,1892]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 19–24. Male genitalia P. auriculatus. (19) Pygofer, lateral plate and subgenital plate lateral view; (20) Subgenital plate; (21) Aedeagus anterior view; (22) Style posterior view; (23) Aedeagus lateral view; (24) Detail, aedeagus scalelike ridges." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10692806" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10692806/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="171">Figs. 19</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="65F72A62FFBFFF9EFAB6FEB4FAE53C02" box="[1302,1333,294,321]" captionStart="FIGURES 25–28" captionStartId="9.[152,270,1588,1612]" captionTargetBox="[225,1361,453,1565]" captionTargetId="figure-133@9.[225,1361,453,1565]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURES 25–28. Male genitalia P. elevatus.(25) lateral plate and subgenital plate; (26) subgenital plate; (27) aedeagus anterior view; (28) Style and aedeagus lateral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10692808" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10692808/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="171">25</figureCitation>
|
||
); slightly narrowed distally; subgenital plate fused for about ½ length, appearing narrowly and deeply emarginate in distal half (
|
||
<figureCitation id="65F72A62FFBFFF9EFF72FEFDFEE03CCA" box="[210,304,367,393]" captionStart="FIGURES 19–24" captionStartId="8.[152,270,1915,1939]" captionTargetBox="[250,1337,273,1892]" captionTargetId="figure-67@8.[250,1337,273,1892]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 19–24. Male genitalia P. auriculatus. (19) Pygofer, lateral plate and subgenital plate lateral view; (20) Subgenital plate; (21) Aedeagus anterior view; (22) Style posterior view; (23) Aedeagus lateral view; (24) Detail, aedeagus scalelike ridges." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10692806" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10692806/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="171">Figs. 20</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="65F72A62FFBFFF9EFE9BFEFDFE893CCA" box="[315,345,367,393]" captionStart="FIGURES 25–28" captionStartId="9.[152,270,1588,1612]" captionTargetBox="[225,1361,453,1565]" captionTargetId="figure-133@9.[225,1361,453,1565]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURES 25–28. Male genitalia P. elevatus.(25) lateral plate and subgenital plate; (26) subgenital plate; (27) aedeagus anterior view; (28) Style and aedeagus lateral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10692808" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10692808/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="171">26</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="65F72A62FFBFFF9EFEC5FEFDFE553CCA" box="[357,389,367,393]" captionStart="FIGURES 29–37" captionStartId="10.[152,270,1874,1898]" captionTargetBox="[296,1291,181,1850]" captionTargetId="figure-24@10.[296,1291,181,1850]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURES 29–37. Male genitalia of P. extentapalaestrus and P. inpa. (29–34) P. extentapalaestrus; (29) Abdominal tergum VIII and pygofer, dorsal view; (30) subgenital plate, ventral view; (31) dissected pygofer, lateral view (anal segments pushed ventrally after dissection); (32) aedeagus and styles, anterior view; (33) Detail, aedeagus scalelike ridges; (34) aedeagus and styles, lateral view. (35–37) P. inpa; (35) aedeagus, anterior view; (36) aedeagus, lateral view; (37) Detail, aedeagus scalelike ridges." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10692810" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10692810/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="171">30</figureCitation>
|
||
); lateral plate projected dorsally distally acuminate, not fused with pygofer (
|
||
<figureCitation id="65F72A62FFBFFF9EFB7CFEFDFAE93CCA" box="[1244,1337,367,393]" captionStart="FIGURES 19–24" captionStartId="8.[152,270,1915,1939]" captionTargetBox="[250,1337,273,1892]" captionTargetId="figure-67@8.[250,1337,273,1892]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 19–24. Male genitalia P. auriculatus. (19) Pygofer, lateral plate and subgenital plate lateral view; (20) Subgenital plate; (21) Aedeagus anterior view; (22) Style posterior view; (23) Aedeagus lateral view; (24) Detail, aedeagus scalelike ridges." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10692806" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10692806/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="171">Figs. 19</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="65F72A62FFBFFF9EFAE5FEFCFAB33CCA" box="[1349,1379,366,393]" captionStart="FIGURES 25–28" captionStartId="9.[152,270,1588,1612]" captionTargetBox="[225,1361,453,1565]" captionTargetId="figure-133@9.[225,1361,453,1565]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURES 25–28. Male genitalia P. elevatus.(25) lateral plate and subgenital plate; (26) subgenital plate; (27) aedeagus anterior view; (28) Style and aedeagus lateral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10692808" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10692808/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="171">25</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="65F72A62FFBFFF9EFACFFEFDFA5E3CCA" box="[1391,1422,367,393]" captionStart="FIGURES 29–37" captionStartId="10.[152,270,1874,1898]" captionTargetBox="[296,1291,181,1850]" captionTargetId="figure-24@10.[296,1291,181,1850]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURES 29–37. Male genitalia of P. extentapalaestrus and P. inpa. (29–34) P. extentapalaestrus; (29) Abdominal tergum VIII and pygofer, dorsal view; (30) subgenital plate, ventral view; (31) dissected pygofer, lateral view (anal segments pushed ventrally after dissection); (32) aedeagus and styles, anterior view; (33) Detail, aedeagus scalelike ridges; (34) aedeagus and styles, lateral view. (35–37) P. inpa; (35) aedeagus, anterior view; (36) aedeagus, lateral view; (37) Detail, aedeagus scalelike ridges." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10692810" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10692810/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="171">31</figureCitation>
|
||
); aedeagus variable among species, in anterior view U-shaped (
|
||
<figureCitation id="65F72A62FFBFFF9EFCE3FE01FC703CEE" box="[835,928,403,429]" captionStart="FIGURES 19–24" captionStartId="8.[152,270,1915,1939]" captionTargetBox="[250,1337,273,1892]" captionTargetId="figure-67@8.[250,1337,273,1892]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 19–24. Male genitalia P. auriculatus. (19) Pygofer, lateral plate and subgenital plate lateral view; (20) Subgenital plate; (21) Aedeagus anterior view; (22) Style posterior view; (23) Aedeagus lateral view; (24) Detail, aedeagus scalelike ridges." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10692806" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10692806/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="171">Figs. 21</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="65F72A62FFBFFF9EFC0BFE01FC1A3CEE" box="[939,970,403,429]" captionStart="FIGURES 29–37" captionStartId="10.[152,270,1874,1898]" captionTargetBox="[296,1291,181,1850]" captionTargetId="figure-24@10.[296,1291,181,1850]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURES 29–37. Male genitalia of P. extentapalaestrus and P. inpa. (29–34) P. extentapalaestrus; (29) Abdominal tergum VIII and pygofer, dorsal view; (30) subgenital plate, ventral view; (31) dissected pygofer, lateral view (anal segments pushed ventrally after dissection); (32) aedeagus and styles, anterior view; (33) Detail, aedeagus scalelike ridges; (34) aedeagus and styles, lateral view. (35–37) P. inpa; (35) aedeagus, anterior view; (36) aedeagus, lateral view; (37) Detail, aedeagus scalelike ridges." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10692810" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10692810/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="171">32</figureCitation>
|
||
), posterior shaft with minute raised ridges oriented horizontally or vertically on distoanterior surface (
|
||
<figureCitation id="65F72A62FFBFFF9EFC97FE25FC453C92" box="[823,917,439,465]" captionStart="FIGURES 19–24" captionStartId="8.[152,270,1915,1939]" captionTargetBox="[250,1337,273,1892]" captionTargetId="figure-67@8.[250,1337,273,1892]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 19–24. Male genitalia P. auriculatus. (19) Pygofer, lateral plate and subgenital plate lateral view; (20) Subgenital plate; (21) Aedeagus anterior view; (22) Style posterior view; (23) Aedeagus lateral view; (24) Detail, aedeagus scalelike ridges." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10692806" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10692806/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="171">Figs. 23</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="65F72A62FFBFFF9EFC02FE25FC103C92" box="[930,960,439,465]" captionStart="FIGURES 25–28" captionStartId="9.[152,270,1588,1612]" captionTargetBox="[225,1361,453,1565]" captionTargetId="figure-133@9.[225,1361,453,1565]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURES 25–28. Male genitalia P. elevatus.(25) lateral plate and subgenital plate; (26) subgenital plate; (27) aedeagus anterior view; (28) Style and aedeagus lateral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10692808" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10692808/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="171">28</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="65F72A62FFBFFF9EFC6DFE25FBC83C92" box="[973,1048,439,465]" captionStart="FIGURES 29–37" captionStartId="10.[152,270,1874,1898]" captionTargetBox="[296,1291,181,1850]" captionTargetId="figure-24@10.[296,1291,181,1850]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURES 29–37. Male genitalia of P. extentapalaestrus and P. inpa. (29–34) P. extentapalaestrus; (29) Abdominal tergum VIII and pygofer, dorsal view; (30) subgenital plate, ventral view; (31) dissected pygofer, lateral view (anal segments pushed ventrally after dissection); (32) aedeagus and styles, anterior view; (33) Detail, aedeagus scalelike ridges; (34) aedeagus and styles, lateral view. (35–37) P. inpa; (35) aedeagus, anterior view; (36) aedeagus, lateral view; (37) Detail, aedeagus scalelike ridges." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10692810" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10692810/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="171">34, 36</figureCitation>
|
||
); style simple with recurved acute apex (
|
||
<figureCitation id="65F72A62FFBFFF9EFF7BFE49FEEA3CB6" box="[219,314,475,501]" captionStart="FIGURES 19–24" captionStartId="8.[152,270,1915,1939]" captionTargetBox="[250,1337,273,1892]" captionTargetId="figure-67@8.[250,1337,273,1892]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 19–24. Male genitalia P. auriculatus. (19) Pygofer, lateral plate and subgenital plate lateral view; (20) Subgenital plate; (21) Aedeagus anterior view; (22) Style posterior view; (23) Aedeagus lateral view; (24) Detail, aedeagus scalelike ridges." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10692806" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10692806/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="171">Figs. 22</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="65F72A62FFBFFF9EFEE5FE49FEB53CB6" box="[325,357,475,501]" captionStart="FIGURES 29–37" captionStartId="10.[152,270,1874,1898]" captionTargetBox="[296,1291,181,1850]" captionTargetId="figure-24@10.[296,1291,181,1850]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURES 29–37. Male genitalia of P. extentapalaestrus and P. inpa. (29–34) P. extentapalaestrus; (29) Abdominal tergum VIII and pygofer, dorsal view; (30) subgenital plate, ventral view; (31) dissected pygofer, lateral view (anal segments pushed ventrally after dissection); (32) aedeagus and styles, anterior view; (33) Detail, aedeagus scalelike ridges; (34) aedeagus and styles, lateral view. (35–37) P. inpa; (35) aedeagus, anterior view; (36) aedeagus, lateral view; (37) Detail, aedeagus scalelike ridges." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10692810" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10692810/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="171">32</figureCitation>
|
||
); anal segments (X, XI) sclerotized with many short setae.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="FD7336E7FFBFFF9EFF67FE6CFC883F7E" blockId="2.[151,1437,150,2013]" pageId="2" pageNumber="171">
|
||
<emphasis id="CFB8EAF5FFBFFF9EFF67FE6CFDC43F5B" bold="true" box="[199,532,510,537]" pageId="2" pageNumber="171">Dimensions of males (mm).</emphasis>
|
||
Length 3.5–9.2, maximum width (across suprahumeral horns) 3.1–6.0, height above humeral angles 0.9–1.7, ratio of length to width 1.2–2.2.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="FD7336E7FFBFFF9EFF67FDD5FE413F22" blockId="2.[151,1437,150,2013]" box="[199,401,583,609]" pageId="2" pageNumber="171">Female unknown.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="B5D6656CFFBFFF9EFF67FDF8FD793FC6" box="[199,681,618,645]" pageId="2" pageNumber="171" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="FD7336E7FFBFFF9EFF67FDF8FD793FC6" blockId="2.[151,1437,150,2013]" box="[199,681,618,645]" pageId="2" pageNumber="171">
|
||
<emphasis id="CFB8EAF5FFBFFF9EFF67FDF8FE893FC7" bold="true" box="[199,345,618,644]" pageId="2" pageNumber="171">Distribution</emphasis>
|
||
. Neotropical: South America.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="B5D6656CFFBFFF9EFF67FD1DFAA43F8E" pageId="2" pageNumber="171" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="FD7336E7FFBFFF9EFF67FD1DFAA43F8E" blockId="2.[151,1437,150,2013]" pageId="2" pageNumber="171">
|
||
<emphasis id="CFB8EAF5FFBFFF9EFF67FD1DFE983FEA" bold="true" box="[199,328,655,681]" pageId="2" pageNumber="171">Etymology</emphasis>
|
||
. Formed from Greek: πολύς (many) + ὀδούς, ὀδόντος (tooth) + τροχός (wheel, runner)—the first part of τροχαντήρ (trochanter)—masculine, in reference to the diagnostic condition of the metathoracic trochanther.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="B5D6656CFFBFFF9EFF67FD44FE0E3A9E" pageId="2" pageNumber="171" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="FD7336E7FFBFFF9EFF67FD44FC09391A" blockId="2.[151,1437,150,2013]" pageId="2" pageNumber="171">
|
||
<emphasis id="CFB8EAF5FFBFFF9EFF67FD44FE953FB3" bold="true" box="[199,325,726,752]" pageId="2" pageNumber="171">Discussion</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="995D4B16FFBFFF9EFEF7FD45FE383FB2" author="Deitz, L. L." box="[343,488,726,753]" pageId="2" pageNumber="171" pagination="1 - 177" refId="ref5619" refString="Deitz, L. L. (1975) Classification of the higher categories of the New World treehoppers (Homoptera, Membracidae). North Carolina Agricultural Experiment Station Technical Bulletin, 225, 1 - 177. [https: // babel. hathitrust. org / cgi / pt? id = uc 1. b 398 2411 & view = 1 up & seq = 52]" type="journal article" year="1975">Deitz (1975)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
included in the tribal diagnosis of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3ACC4D64FFBFFF9EFC27FD45FC0D3FB2" authorityName="Amyot & Serville" authorityYear="1843" box="[903,989,727,753]" class="Insecta" family="Membracidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="171" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Darnini">Darnini</taxonomicName>
|
||
the presence of cucullate setae on the ventral side of pro- and mesothoracic femora, which
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="995D4B16FFBFFF9EFD5DFD69FC3F3E56" author="Dietrich, C. H. & McKamey, S. H. & Deitz, L. L." box="[765,1007,763,789]" pageId="2" pageNumber="171" pagination="213 - 239" refId="ref5741" refString="Dietrich, C. H., McKamey, S. H. & Deitz, L. L. (2001) Morphology-based phylogeny of the treehopper family Membracidae (Hemiptera: Cicadomorpha: Membracoidea). Systematic Entomology, 26, 213 - 239. https: // doi. org / 10.1046 / j. 1365 - 3113.2001.00140. x" type="journal article" year="2001">
|
||
Dietrich
|
||
<emphasis id="CFB8EAF5FFBFFF9EFCFFFD69FC433E56" box="[863,915,763,789]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="171">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (2001)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="995D4B16FFBFFF9EFB8BFD69FB203E56" author="Roy, L. & Guilbert, E. & Bourgoin, T." box="[1067,1264,763,789]" pageId="2" pageNumber="171" pagination="273 - 288" refId="ref5970" refString="Roy, L., Guilbert, E. & Bourgoin, T. (2007) Phylogenetic patterns of mimicry strategies in Darnini (Hemiptera: Membracidae). Annales de la Societe Entomologique de France, 43 (3), 273 - 288. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00379271.2007.10697523" type="journal article" year="2007">
|
||
Roy
|
||
<emphasis id="CFB8EAF5FFBFFF9EFBC1FD69FB453E56" box="[1121,1173,763,789]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="171">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (2007)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
found, in their phylogenetic analyses based on morphology, to be a synapomorphy supporting the monophyly of the tribe. Cucullate setae (
|
||
<emphasis id="CFB8EAF5FFBFFF9EFF7FFCD1FED03E1E" box="[223,256,835,861]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="171">CS</emphasis>
|
||
) are modified trichoid sensilla, which consist of a cuticular projected socket, the base of which is usually smooth without punctations, with parallel longitudinal ridges distally, and a trichoid sensillum articulated within the socket.
|
||
<emphasis id="CFB8EAF5FFBFFF9EFEB8FC19FEE93EE6" box="[280,313,907,933]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="171">CS</emphasis>
|
||
are highly variable in size and shape among
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3ACC4D64FFBFFF9EFCE1FC19FC473EE6" authorityName="Amyot & Serville" authorityYear="1843" box="[833,919,907,933]" class="Insecta" family="Membracidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="171" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Darnini">Darnini</taxonomicName>
|
||
genera. In
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3ACC4D64FFBFFF9EFBB9FC19FB3D3EE6" authorityName="González-Mozo & Mckamey" authorityYear="2024" box="[1049,1261,907,933]" class="Insecta" family="Membracidae" genus="Polyodontotrochus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="171" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="CFB8EAF5FFBFFF9EFBB9FC19FB3D3EE6" box="[1049,1261,907,933]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="171">Polyodontotrochus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, we found two structures:
|
||
<emphasis id="CFB8EAF5FFBFFF9EFEB3FC3DFEE43E8A" box="[275,308,943,969]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="171">CS</emphasis>
|
||
and studs.
|
||
<emphasis id="CFB8EAF5FFBFFF9EFE12FC3DFE033E8A" box="[434,467,943,969]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="171">CS</emphasis>
|
||
scattered on the base of the femora, cuticular socket and associated sensillum slender with a slightly curved apex with lengths between 30–34 µm (
|
||
<figureCitation id="65F72A62FFBFFF9EFCC7FC41FC7F3EAE" box="[871,943,979,1005]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–6" captionStartId="4.[152,270,1768,1792]" captionTargetBox="[218,1370,179,1742]" captionTargetId="figure-24@4.[218,1370,179,1742]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 1–6. (1) Polyodontotrochus auriculatus forewing; (2) P. inpa Metathoracic leg; (3) P. elevatus metathoracic tibia; (4–6) P. auriculatus; (4) metathoracic trochanter studs; (5–6) SEM of metathoracic leg: (5) metathoracic trochanter ventral view showing studs; (6) metathoracic femur ventral view showing cucullate setae and studs. Abbreviation: C: Costal vein; CS: cucullate setae; Cu: Cubital vein; M: Medial vein; R: Radial vein." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10692804" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10692804/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="171">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
|
||
); here we use the word “
|
||
<emphasis id="CFB8EAF5FFBFFF9EFB42FC41FAF03EAE" box="[1250,1312,979,1005]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="171">stud”</emphasis>
|
||
to refer to structures found on the femora and the trochanter in which the cuticular projection is studlike as in the
|
||
<emphasis id="CFB8EAF5FFBFFF9EFAEEFC65FABF3952" box="[1358,1391,1015,1041]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="171">CS</emphasis>
|
||
but without an associated trichoid sensillum (
|
||
<figureCitation id="65F72A62FFBFFF9EFDC3FB89FD763976" box="[611,678,1050,1077]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–6" captionStartId="4.[152,270,1768,1792]" captionTargetBox="[218,1370,179,1742]" captionTargetId="figure-24@4.[218,1370,179,1742]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 1–6. (1) Polyodontotrochus auriculatus forewing; (2) P. inpa Metathoracic leg; (3) P. elevatus metathoracic tibia; (4–6) P. auriculatus; (4) metathoracic trochanter studs; (5–6) SEM of metathoracic leg: (5) metathoracic trochanter ventral view showing studs; (6) metathoracic femur ventral view showing cucullate setae and studs. Abbreviation: C: Costal vein; CS: cucullate setae; Cu: Cubital vein; M: Medial vein; R: Radial vein." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10692804" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10692804/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="171">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
). Both structures have the same studlike cuticular projection, but we refrain from referring to them as cucullate setae due to the lack of sensilla.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="FD7336E7FFBFFF9EFF67FBF1FD683B12" blockId="2.[151,1437,150,2013]" pageId="2" pageNumber="171">
|
||
The function of the apposed, studded metathoracic trochanters in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3ACC4D64FFBFFF9EFC02FBF1FBA6393E" authorityName="González-Mozo & Mckamey" authorityYear="2024" box="[930,1142,1123,1149]" class="Insecta" family="Membracidae" genus="Polyodontotrochus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="171" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="CFB8EAF5FFBFFF9EFC02FBF1FBA6393E" box="[930,1142,1123,1149]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="171">Polyodontotrochus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are unknown, but perhaps a clue is found in the planthopper nymphs (but not adults) of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3ACC4D64FFBFFF9EFC90FB15FBAC39E2" authority="(Fabricius)" baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1781" box="[816,1148,1159,1185]" class="Insecta" family="Issidae" genus="Issus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="171" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="coleoptratus">
|
||
<emphasis id="CFB8EAF5FFBFFF9EFC90FB15FC2939E2" box="[816,1017,1159,1185]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="171">Issus coleoptratus</emphasis>
|
||
(Fabricius)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3ACC4D64FFBFFF9EFB28FB15FAD439E2" box="[1160,1284,1159,1185]" class="Insecta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="171" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Hemiptera</taxonomicName>
|
||
: Fulgoroidea:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3ACC4D64FFBFFF9EFF37FB39FF3A3986" authorityName="Spinola" authorityYear="1839" box="[151,234,1195,1221]" class="Insecta" family="Issidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="171" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Issidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
). This species has its metathoracic trochanters bearing apposed cogs that fit into each other, like gears, which ensures that both hind legs propel the insect with the same angular velocities without yaw rotation (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="995D4B16FFBFFF9EFAA9FB5DFEF3384E" author="Burrows, M. & Sutton, G." pageId="2" pageNumber="171" pagination="1254 - 1256" refId="ref5573" refString="Burrows, M. & Sutton, G. (2013) Interacting gears synchronize propulsive leg movements in a jumping insect. Science, 341 (6151), 1254 - 1256. https: // doi. org / 10.1126 / science. 1240284" type="journal article" year="2013">Burrows and Sutton 2013</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). A similar phenomenon may be also happening elsewhere in the treehopper subfamily
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3ACC4D64FFBFFF9EFB44FB61FA9E384E" authorityName="González-Mozo & Mckamey" authorityYear="2024" box="[1252,1358,1267,1293]" class="Insecta" family="Membracidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="171" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Darninae">Darninae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which is the only membracid taxon with genera having highly modified metathoracic trochanters. Though all less precise than those of the aforementioned planthopper, in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3ACC4D64FFBFFF9EFD62FAA9FCF93816" authorityName="González-Mozo & Mckamey" authorityYear="2024" box="[706,809,1339,1365]" class="Insecta" family="Membracidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="171" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Darninae">Darninae</taxonomicName>
|
||
these structures are present only in the adults.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3ACC4D64FFBFFF9EFA9AFAA9FF13383A" authority="Stal" authorityName="Stal" authorityYear="1869" class="Insecta" family="Membracidae" genus="Procyrta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="171" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="CFB8EAF5FFBFFF9EFA9AFAA9FA4D3817" box="[1338,1437,1339,1364]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="171">Procyrta</emphasis>
|
||
Stål
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Procyrtini) species bear a ring of large, irregular but sharp spines around the inner faces of their trochanters. Almost all
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3ACC4D64FFBFFF9EFEB7FA11FE2338DE" authority="Stal" authorityName="Stal" authorityYear="1866" box="[279,499,1410,1437]" class="Insecta" family="Membracidae" genus="Cymbomorpha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="171" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="CFB8EAF5FFBFFF9EFEB7FA11FE6D38DE" box="[279,445,1411,1437]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="171">Cymbomorpha</emphasis>
|
||
Stål
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Cymbomorphini) species have trochanters each bearing a single very stout spine apposing each other. Irregularly placed, un-apposed studs are present on the rounded mesothoracic trochanters of some “raindrop”
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3ACC4D64FFBFFF9EFEF9FA59FE7F38A6" authorityName="Amyot & Serville" authorityYear="1843" box="[345,431,1483,1509]" class="Insecta" family="Membracidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="171" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Darnini">Darnini</taxonomicName>
|
||
(SHM unpubl.). The new genus described here is the first occurrence in the tribe
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3ACC4D64FFBFFF9EFAE7FA59FA4D38A6" authorityName="Amyot & Serville" authorityYear="1843" box="[1351,1437,1483,1509]" class="Insecta" family="Membracidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="171" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Darnini">Darnini</taxonomicName>
|
||
with apposed trochanteral processes and the first in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3ACC4D64FFBFFF9EFD74FA7DFCBE3B4A" authorityName="Rafinesque" authorityYear="1815" box="[724,878,1519,1545]" class="Insecta" family="Membracidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="171" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Membracidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
with apposed trochanteral studs. If the function of these trochanter modifications is similar to that of the planthopper, these apposing structures among
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3ACC4D64FFBFFF9EFB5EF981FAB53B6E" authorityName="González-Mozo & Mckamey" authorityYear="2024" box="[1278,1381,1555,1581]" class="Insecta" family="Membracidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="171" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Darninae">Darninae</taxonomicName>
|
||
may help to synchronize the hind legs when jumping.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="FD7336E7FFBFFF9EFF67F9C9FE693BA2" blockId="2.[151,1437,150,2013]" pageId="2" pageNumber="171">
|
||
In any case, the presence of the uniquely modified trochanters in the four new species described here, in combination with metathoracic tibial differences compared to other
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3ACC4D64FFBFFF9EFC28F9EDFC0E3BDA" authorityName="Amyot & Serville" authorityYear="1843" box="[904,990,1663,1689]" class="Insecta" family="Membracidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="171" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Darnini">Darnini</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3ACC4D64FFBFFF9EFBB2F9EDFB7C3BDA" authorityName="Rafinesque" authorityYear="1815" box="[1042,1196,1663,1689]" class="Insecta" family="Membracidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="171" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Membracidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
in general, is deemed sufficient to establish a new genus. Females of the new genus are unknown and may differ from males in pronotal form, chaetotaxy, or both.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="FD7336E7FFBFFF9EFF67F979FCE43A32" blockId="2.[151,1437,150,2013]" pageId="2" pageNumber="171">
|
||
In some membracids, the presence of abdominal fossae or digitate processes are indicators of scoli in nymphs (e. g., see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="995D4B16FFBFFF9EFEACF89DFE583A6A" author="Deitz, L. L." box="[268,392,1806,1833]" pageId="2" pageNumber="171" pagination="1 - 177" refId="ref5619" refString="Deitz, L. L. (1975) Classification of the higher categories of the New World treehoppers (Homoptera, Membracidae). North Carolina Agricultural Experiment Station Technical Bulletin, 225, 1 - 177. [https: // babel. hathitrust. org / cgi / pt? id = uc 1. b 398 2411 & view = 1 up & seq = 52]" type="journal article" year="1975">Deitz 1975</bibRefCitation>
|
||
<figureCitation id="65F72A62FFBFFF9EFE30F89DFE323A6A" box="[400,482,1807,1833]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–6" captionStartId="4.[152,270,1768,1792]" captionTargetBox="[218,1370,179,1742]" captionTargetId="figure-24@4.[218,1370,179,1742]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 1–6. (1) Polyodontotrochus auriculatus forewing; (2) P. inpa Metathoracic leg; (3) P. elevatus metathoracic tibia; (4–6) P. auriculatus; (4) metathoracic trochanter studs; (5–6) SEM of metathoracic leg: (5) metathoracic trochanter ventral view showing studs; (6) metathoracic femur ventral view showing cucullate setae and studs. Abbreviation: C: Costal vein; CS: cucullate setae; Cu: Cubital vein; M: Medial vein; R: Radial vein." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10692804" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10692804/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="171">Fig. 3a</figureCitation>
|
||
); the absence of these suggests that the nymphs of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3ACC4D64FFBFFF9EFB86F89DFB2A3A6A" authorityName="González-Mozo & Mckamey" authorityYear="2024" box="[1062,1274,1807,1833]" class="Insecta" family="Membracidae" genus="Polyodontotrochus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="171" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="CFB8EAF5FFBFFF9EFB86F89DFB2A3A6A" box="[1062,1274,1807,1833]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="171">Polyodontotrochus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
probably lack scoli. The male terminalia are fairly uniform across the genus and therefore of little value for identification, while the pronotal structures are clear and distinct among species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="FD7336E7FFBFFF9EFF67F8E9FE0E3A9E" blockId="2.[151,1437,150,2013]" pageId="2" pageNumber="171">
|
||
The natural history of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3ACC4D64FFBFFF9EFE6DF8E9FD713AD6" authorityName="González-Mozo & Mckamey" authorityYear="2024" box="[461,673,1915,1941]" class="Insecta" family="Membracidae" genus="Polyodontotrochus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="171" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="CFB8EAF5FFBFFF9EFE6DF8E9FD713AD6" box="[461,673,1915,1941]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="171">Polyodontotrochus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is unknown. According to label information, species are found in lower elevations, between
|
||
<quantity id="3A349B02FFBFFF9EFE61F80CFDE53AFA" box="[449,565,1950,1977]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.34" metricValueMax="4.1" metricValueMin="0.58" pageId="2" pageNumber="171" unit="m" value="234.0" valueMax="410.0" valueMin="58.0">
|
||
<elevation id="76E1D1D4FFBFFF9EFE61F80CFDE53AFA" box="[449,565,1950,1977]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.34" metricValueMax="4.1" metricValueMin="0.58" pageId="2" pageNumber="171" unit="m" value="234.0" valueMax="410.0" valueMin="58.0">58–410 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
. altitude.
|
||
<location id="F813603CFFBFFF9EFD01F80DFD1D3AFA" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:756587F1FFBCFF9EFF37FB14FE0E3A9E:F813603CFFBFFF9EFD01F80DFD1D3AFA" box="[673,717,1951,1977]" country="Brazil" name="The" pageId="2" pageNumber="171">The</location>
|
||
distribution of the genus is restricted to the neotropics in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="85DB7677FFBFFF9EFAF1F80DFA483AFA" box="[1361,1432,1951,1977]" name="Brazil" pageId="2" pageNumber="171">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="85DB7677FFBFFF9EFF37F851FF263A9E" box="[151,246,1987,2013]" name="Ecuador" pageId="2" pageNumber="171">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
|
||
, and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="85DB7677FFBFFF9EFE91F851FE0B3A9E" box="[305,475,1987,2013]" name="French Guiana" pageId="2" pageNumber="171">French Guiana</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |