457 lines
54 KiB
XML
457 lines
54 KiB
XML
<document id="FF8FC297F9B1888BDD4B624CD0E72323" ID-CLB-Dataset="5902" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4981.3.2" ID-GBIF-Dataset="6ffd5230-62fe-4c49-922a-9fe3ccd0f77f" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4921065" ID-ZooBank="99295692-0941-4073-B10D-9DEC79A51767" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1623280231425" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Ganesh, S. R., Mallik, Ashok Kumar, Achyuthan, N. S., Shanker, Kartik & Vogel, Gernot" docDate="2021" docId="7510136EC651946CFF39D3BEFA88F98B" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4981.3.2.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4981 (3)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Boiga whitakeri Ganesh & Mallik & Achyuthan & Shanker & Vogel 2021, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="457" masterDocId="89296B16C6559464FFAED169FFBFFE0B" masterDocTitle="A new species of Boiga (Serpentes: Colubridae) from the Southern Western Ghats of India with a molecular phylogeny and expanded characterisation of related species" masterLastPageNumber="468" masterPageNumber="449" pageNumber="453" updateTime="1699009077209" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:mods id="B080C8E7FD4D23E0F746691B15C613E2" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="7934B793CD874FE17466D4DA3F9236EF">
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<mods:title id="81798BF4084385AC7C8394F80F1153D0">A new species of Boiga (Serpentes: Colubridae) from the Southern Western Ghats of India with a molecular phylogeny and expanded characterisation of related species</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="44B3F4C923A1C4CA273854A13B5830F9" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="59AB3E882E8AF50F8F2855F5CA79BA20">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="9FD5A12CA126FC5BE44D3D8DB25995F6">Ganesh, S. R.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="6C77810F8DDC13E1E2E9C45B889C4D07">Chennai Snake Park, Rajbhavan post, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:name id="96F17AF8CC201B85D7FF528AD59D6628" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="602665131A9BBB2465482DF3F2F67E34">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="7EA6F0523BBEA84074195FD5C81AC04B">Mallik, Ashok Kumar</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="7170868674B697F62769C010DC923092" type="ORCID">0000-0002-5148-2199</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation id="EC6FD6BDA1437C16AB40A49579F47ADA">Centre for Ecological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India & https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 5148 - 2199</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:roleTerm id="DDE0630F5342918067E35F4E315816B5">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="87B4EBB8B0B3184BE91ED10B5FEB4C3A">Achyuthan, N. S.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="CB8E63F43566F9351F8398D91838C5B2" type="ORCID">0000-0003-0570-3330</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation id="F3B3C779447D495A6656A39224436847">Centre for Ecological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India & http: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0003 - 0570 - 3330</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:roleTerm id="534C3E5D5AB6DDF0F5E4466D15C9E5E9">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="53C6683DC038CB3362895E09790FD9B5">Shanker, Kartik</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="1F82A2B0E6BF086134811F7556EED874" type="ORCID">0000-0003-4856-0093</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation id="8123DDEC84C7D7831C73065CBFD98C8D">Centre for Ecological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India & https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0003 - 4856 - 0093</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:roleTerm id="6394404DD6C9D0292CBACC1C21780059">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="A209D4F4480379D864CBD40897931698">Vogel, Gernot</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="B6C11873E227ECFC9D8E5C0CD232D0C0">Society for South East Asian Herpetology, Im Sand- 3, Heidelberg, Germany</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="1B458206E197D3FCD8B1DADA7A88BB83">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="BBFF12200D344FCECC1C0A79D8975C1D">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="F404DE507BE29EA2AA1D5CB9D33EB19B">
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<mods:date id="6610A437CCCF23539AA99B707AD21958">2021</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="C5D6177CF2931A64FAA7A2E9B2586130">2021-06-08</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="80D3BD2D360241140CD121DBDDC8F784">4981</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="ADB4348A12DB0131589200E28CDBFB48">3</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="5B622182E6BFC77B4FEDCB9FA36A624F">449</mods:start>
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<mods:classification id="4147267DFD279A94DBD73D747BFD3F1D">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="AE8E84A01A981D89076D2D6611B2FF15" type="CLB-Dataset">5902</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="4DCB3257C6B19CC1F604C0B116F559BB" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4981.3.2</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="08007373B8BAB16395304114A349E48A" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="205EFAAA76306F5C37E57795F6CB55BE" type="Zenodo-Dep">4921065</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="F98780FB9255BF4070D2F2BFEDD35623" type="ZooBank">99295692-0941-4073-B10D-9DEC79A51767</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="7510136EC651946CFF39D3BEFA88F98B" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4921710" ID-GBIF-Taxon="183228083" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4921710" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:7510136EC651946CFF39D3BEFA88F98B" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/7510136EC651946CFF39D3BEFA88F98B" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="457" pageId="4" pageNumber="453">
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<subSubSection id="B5A3F1F3C6519460FF39D3BEFE02FCFA" box="[151,445,726,753]" pageId="4" pageNumber="453" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="FD06A278C6519460FF39D3BEFE02FCFA" blockId="4.[151,445,726,789]" box="[151,445,726,753]" pageId="4" pageNumber="453">
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<heading id="A64E1514C6519460FF39D3BEFE02FCFA" bold="true" box="[151,445,726,753]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="453" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="CFCD7E6AC6519460FF39D3BEFE02FCFA" bold="true" box="[151,445,726,753]" pageId="4" pageNumber="453">
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<taxonomicName id="3AB9D9FBC6519460FF39D3BEFEE7FCFA" authority="Ganesh & Mallik & Achyuthan & Shanker & Vogel, 2021" authorityName="Ganesh & Mallik & Achyuthan & Shanker & Vogel" authorityYear="2021" box="[151,344,726,753]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Boiga" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="4" pageNumber="453" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="whitakeri" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="CFCD7E6AC6519460FF39D3BEFEE7FCFA" bold="true" box="[151,344,726,753]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="453">Boiga whitakeri</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="D4FEC311C6519460FECED3BEFE02FCFA" box="[352,445,727,753]" pageId="4" pageNumber="453" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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||
</emphasis>
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||
</heading>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="B5A3F1F3C6519460FF39D392FED7FD1E" box="[151,360,762,789]" pageId="4" pageNumber="453" type="description">
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<paragraph id="FD06A278C6519460FF39D392FED7FD1E" blockId="4.[151,445,726,789]" box="[151,360,762,789]" pageId="4" pageNumber="453">
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(
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<figureCitation id="6582BEFDC6519460FF0ED392FEBFFD1E" box="[160,256,762,789]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 1" captionStart-1="FIGURE 2" captionStart-2="FIGURE 3" captionStart-3="FIGURE 4" captionStart-4="FIGURE 5" captionStartId-0="3.[151,250,1890,1914]" captionStartId-1="5.[151,250,1704,1728]" captionStartId-2="6.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionStartId-3="7.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionStartId-4="8.[151,250,1104,1128]" captionTargetBox-0="[247,1343,179,1860]" captionTargetBox-1="[155,1432,453,1680]" captionTargetBox-2="[226,1371,196,1905]" captionTargetBox-3="[163,1424,195,1907]" captionTargetBox-4="[178,1409,181,1080]" captionTargetId-0="figure-17@3.[244,1343,179,1864]" captionTargetId-1="figure-171@5.[155,1432,453,1680]" captionTargetId-2="figure-19@6.[217,1371,181,1920]" captionTargetId-3="figure-17@7.[163,1424,181,1920]" captionTargetId-4="figure-19@8.[178,1409,181,1080]" captionTargetPageId-0="3" captionTargetPageId-1="5" captionTargetPageId-2="6" captionTargetPageId-3="7" captionTargetPageId-4="8" captionText-0="FIGURE 1. Maximum likelihood (ML) tree of the Boiga ceylonensis group inhabiting peninsular India and Sri Lanka. Photographs on the right depict the following species: A: B. nuchalis, B: B. ceylonensis, C: B. beddomei; D: B. trigonata; E: B. barnesii; F: B. thackerayi; G: B. flaviviridis; H: B. westermanni; I: B. siamensis; J: B. forsteni; K: B. cyanea; L: Telescopus dhara)." captionText-1="FIGURE 2. Map of the Indian Peninsula showing the distribution records of Boiga whitakeri sp. nov. (blue) type locality with black center, B. beddomei (red), B. nuchalis (black), B. thackerayi (green) and B. flaviviridis (pink)." captionText-2="FIGURE 3. Holotype of Boiga whitakeri sp. nov. BNHS 3597 (ex. CESS 255) in preservative (A: ventrolateral, B: dorsolateral views)." captionText-3="FIGURE 4. Paratype of Boiga whitakeri sp. nov. BNHS 1863 in preservative (A: entire, B: head right, C: head left, D: head dorsal views)." captionText-4="FIGURE 5. Live uncollected individual of Boiga whitakeri sp. nov. from Courtallam, near Sencottah." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4921067" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4921069" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4921071" figureDoi-3="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4921075" figureDoi-4="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4921077" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/4921067/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/4921069/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/4921071/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/4921075/files/figure.png" httpUri-4="https://zenodo.org/record/4921077/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="453">Fig. 1–5</figureCitation>
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||
;
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||
<tableCitation id="B03B97C3C6519460FEA2D392FEE2FD1E" box="[268,349,763,789]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="12.[151,239,1124,1148]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="TABLE 1. Main morphological characters of the Boiga ceylonensis group" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/A9C6F2F0C6599468FF39D50DFC10FA76" pageId="4" pageNumber="453" tableUuid="A9C6F2F0C6599468FF39D50DFC10FA76">Table 1</tableCitation>
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||
)
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="B5A3F1F3C6519460FF39D22BFE68FDC2" pageId="4" pageNumber="453" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="FD06A278C6519460FF39D22BFAB9FD8A" blockId="4.[151,1437,834,2013]" pageId="4" pageNumber="453">
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<emphasis id="CFCD7E6AC6519460FF39D22BFE3DFD57" bold="true" box="[151,386,834,860]" pageId="4" pageNumber="453">Material examined.</emphasis>
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<materialsCitation id="4DD1A825C6519460FE27D22AFAF2FD56" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3312250334" box="[393,1357,834,861]" collectionCode="MP" pageId="4" pageNumber="453" specimenCode="BNHS 3597, CESS 255" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
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<emphasis id="CFCD7E6AC6519460FE27D22AFE42FD56" bold="true" box="[393,509,835,861]" pageId="4" pageNumber="453">
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||
<typeStatus id="22021CDAC6519460FE27D22AFE47FD56" box="[393,504,835,861]" pageId="4" pageNumber="453" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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.
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</emphasis>
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<specimenCode id="AD1F0A03C6519460FDABD22AFD2FFD56" box="[517,656,834,861]" collectionCode="BNHS" country="India" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/8g20-8f2r" name="Bombay Natural History Society" pageId="4" pageNumber="453">BNHS 3597</specimenCode>
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(ex.
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<specimenCode id="AD1F0A03C6519460FD64D22AFCFFFD56" box="[714,832,834,861]" collectionCode="CESS" pageId="4" pageNumber="453">CESS 255</specimenCode>
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) an adult male collected by SP &
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<collectionCode id="9BA83ABDC6519460FB68D22AFB52FD56" box="[1222,1261,835,861]" country="0" name="Mohonk Preserve, Inc." pageId="4" pageNumber="453">MP</collectionCode>
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||
in 2011
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||
</materialsCitation>
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||
;
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<materialsCitation id="4DD1A825C6519460FAF7D22AFB40FD8A" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3312250309" collectingDate="1961-06" collectionCode="BNHS" collectorName="K. G. Adiyodi" location="Kerala" pageId="4" pageNumber="453" specimenCode="BNHS 1863" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Kerala" typeStatus="paratype">
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||
<emphasis id="CFCD7E6AC6519460FAF7D22AFF6EFD8A" bold="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="453">
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||
<typeStatus id="22021CDAC6519460FAF7D22AFF73FD8A" pageId="4" pageNumber="453" type="paratype">Paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
.
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||
</emphasis>
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||
<specimenCode id="AD1F0A03C6519460FF77D20EFEDDFD8A" box="[217,354,871,897]" collectionCode="BNHS" country="India" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/8g20-8f2r" name="Bombay Natural History Society" pageId="4" pageNumber="453">BNHS 1863</specimenCode>
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||
collected by
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||
<collectorName id="504CC7AEC6519460FE56D20EFD2CFD8A" box="[504,659,871,897]" pageId="4" pageNumber="453">K.G. Adiyodi</collectorName>
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, from Pullompara, Ernakulam dt.,
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||
<collectingRegion id="3F7D6C9AC6519460FBB9D20EFBDDFD8A" box="[1047,1122,871,897]" country="India" name="Kerala" pageId="4" pageNumber="453">Kerala</collectingRegion>
|
||
, in
|
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<date id="890784B8C6519460FB22D20EFB40FD8A" box="[1164,1279,871,897]" pageId="4" pageNumber="453" value="1961-06">
|
||
<collectingDate id="99437D50C6519460FB22D20EFB40FD8A" box="[1164,1279,871,897]" pageId="4" pageNumber="453" value="1961-06">June 1961</collectingDate>
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||
</date>
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||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="FD06A278C6519460FF69D2E2FE68FDC2" blockId="4.[151,1437,834,2013]" pageId="4" pageNumber="453">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="4DD1A825C6519460FF69D2E2FE6CFDC2" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3312250323" county="Tirunelveli" elevation="1020" latitude="9.173" location="Southern Western Ghats" longLatPrecision="77" longitude="77.261" municipality="Periyar Plateau" pageId="4" pageNumber="453" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Tamil Nadu" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||
<emphasis id="CFCD7E6AC6519460FF69D2E2FED9FDAF" bold="true" box="[199,358,906,933]" pageId="4" pageNumber="453">
|
||
<typeStatus id="22021CDAC6519460FF69D2E2FEBDFDAE" box="[199,258,907,933]" pageId="4" pageNumber="453">Type</typeStatus>
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||
locality.
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||
</emphasis>
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||
Devar Malai (
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||
<geoCoordinate id="988DC4BFC6519460FDA5D2E2FDDCFDAE" box="[523,611,907,933]" degrees="9.173" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="453" precision="55" value="9.173">9.173N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="988DC4BFC6519460FDC1D2E2FD6EFDAE" box="[623,721,907,933]" degrees="77.261" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="453" precision="55" value="77.261">77.261E</geoCoordinate>
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;
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<elevation id="7694454BC6519460FD73D2E2FCE3FDAD" box="[733,860,907,934]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.02" pageId="4" pageNumber="453" unit="m" value="1020.0">
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<quantity id="3A410F9DC6519460FD73D2E2FC8CFDAE" box="[733,819,907,933]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.02" pageId="4" pageNumber="453" unit="m" value="1020.0">1020 m</quantity>
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||
asl
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</elevation>
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||
),
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||
<collectingCounty id="1467DAF4C6519460FCDFD2E2FC53FDAE" box="[881,1004,907,933]" pageId="4" pageNumber="453">Tirunelveli</collectingCounty>
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||
dt.,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="3F7D6C9AC6519460FB8ED2E2FB17FDAE" box="[1056,1192,907,933]" country="India" name="Tamil Nadu" pageId="4" pageNumber="453">Tamil Nadu</collectingRegion>
|
||
, in
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<collectingMunicipality id="1D623802C6519460FB7CD2E2FAC2FDAE" box="[1234,1405,907,933]" pageId="4" pageNumber="453">Periyar Plateau</collectingMunicipality>
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of the
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<location id="F866F4A3C6519460FF6ED2C6FE6CFDC2" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:7510136EC651946CFF39D3BEFA88F98B:F866F4A3C6519460FF6ED2C6FE6CFDC2" box="[192,467,943,969]" county="Tirunelveli" latitude="9.173" longLatPrecision="77" longitude="77.261" municipality="Periyar Plateau" name="Southern Western Ghats" pageId="4" pageNumber="453" stateProvince="Tamil Nadu">Southern Western Ghats</location>
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||
</materialsCitation>
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||
.
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||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="B5A3F1F3C6519460FF69D2BAFEB9FA3E" pageId="4" pageNumber="453" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="FD06A278C6519460FF69D2BAFEB9FA3E" blockId="4.[151,1437,834,2013]" pageId="4" pageNumber="453">
|
||
<emphasis id="CFCD7E6AC6519460FF69D2BAFEF1FDE6" bold="true" box="[199,334,979,1005]" pageId="4" pageNumber="453">Etymology.</emphasis>
|
||
Patronym named in genitive singular case honoring Romulus Whitaker, for his pioneering and substantial efforts to study and conserve Indian reptiles, especially snakes. Suggested common name: Whitaker’s cat snake.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="B5A3F1F3C6519460FF69D557FB6BF85A" pageId="4" pageNumber="453" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="FD06A278C6519460FF69D557FAEEFAE2" blockId="4.[151,1437,834,2013]" pageId="4" pageNumber="453">
|
||
<emphasis id="CFCD7E6AC6519460FF69D557FEFDFA53" bold="true" box="[199,322,1086,1112]" pageId="4" pageNumber="453">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
|
||
A species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3AB9D9FBC6519460FE75D556FDA1FA53" authorityName="Fitzinger" authorityYear="1826" box="[475,542,1087,1112]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Boiga" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="4" pageNumber="453" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="CFCD7E6AC6519460FE75D556FDA1FA53" box="[475,542,1087,1112]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="453">Boiga</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
occurring in the Southern Western Ghats, having 19 midbody scale rows; ventrals 235–243; subcaudals 88–98; a creamy brown dorsum with orange transverse streaks; crown with faint markings; ventrolateral pattern composed of small brown dots; phylogenetically delineated as a species, sister to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3AB9D9FBC6519460FA2AD5EEFEA7FACE" baseAuthorityName="Gunther" baseAuthorityYear="1858" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Boiga" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="4" pageNumber="453" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ceylonensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="CFCD7E6AC6519460FA2AD5EEFEA7FACE" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="453">B. ceylonensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="85AEE2E8C6519460FE92D5C2FE16FACE" box="[316,425,1195,1221]" name="Sri Lanka" pageId="4" pageNumber="453">Sri Lanka</collectingCountry>
|
||
(node support 98%), sufficiently divergent (5.1% at cyt
|
||
<emphasis id="CFCD7E6AC6519460FBB5D5C2FB96FACE" box="[1051,1065,1195,1221]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="453">b</emphasis>
|
||
, 0.9% at 16s, 4.2% at ND4) from and closely allied to the allopatric
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3AB9D9FBC6519460FDB7D5A6FD06FAE2" baseAuthorityName="Gunther" baseAuthorityYear="1858" box="[537,697,1231,1257]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Boiga" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="4" pageNumber="453" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ceylonensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="CFCD7E6AC6519460FDB7D5A6FD06FAE2" box="[537,697,1231,1257]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="453">B. ceylonensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
than to any other sampled Indian or Sri Lankan congeners.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="FD06A278C6519460FF69D59BFB6BF85A" blockId="4.[151,1437,834,2013]" pageId="4" pageNumber="453">
|
||
<emphasis id="CFCD7E6AC6519460FF69D59BFED2FB07" bold="true" box="[199,365,1266,1292]" pageId="4" pageNumber="453">Comparisons.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3AB9D9FBC6519460FED9D59AFD91FB06" authority="Ganesh & Mallik & Achyuthan & Shanker & Vogel, 2021" authorityName="Ganesh & Mallik & Achyuthan & Shanker & Vogel" authorityYear="2021" box="[375,558,1267,1293]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Boiga" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="4" pageNumber="453" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="whitakeri" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="CFCD7E6AC6519460FED9D59AFD91FB06" box="[375,558,1267,1293]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="453">Boiga whitakeri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="CFCD7E6AC6519460FD96D59AFD2AFB06" bold="true" box="[568,661,1267,1293]" pageId="4" pageNumber="453">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="D4FEC311C6519460FD96D59AFD2AFB06" box="[568,661,1267,1293]" pageId="4" pageNumber="453" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
can be distinguished from related and sympatric congeners as follows: 19 midbody dorsal scale rows (vs.
|
||
<quantity id="3A410F9DC6519460FDC3D47EFD6DFB3A" box="[621,722,1303,1329]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.588" metricValueMax="5.842" metricValueMin="5.334" pageId="4" pageNumber="453" unit="in" value="22.0" valueMax="23.0" valueMin="21.0">21–23 in</quantity>
|
||
<emphasis id="CFCD7E6AC6519460FD74D47EFC57FB3A" box="[730,1000,1303,1329]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="453">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3AB9D9FBC6519460FD74D47EFCE2FB3A" baseAuthorityName="Gunther" baseAuthorityYear="1875" box="[730,861,1303,1329]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Boiga" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="4" pageNumber="453" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nuchalis">B. nuchalis</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3AB9D9FBC6519460FCC4D47EFC57FB3A" baseAuthorityName="Boulenger" baseAuthorityYear="1894" box="[874,1000,1303,1329]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Boiga" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="4" pageNumber="453" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dightoni">B. dightoni</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
); a dorsal color that is creamy yellow with orange streaks vs. (greyish brown body with dark brown bars in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3AB9D9FBC6519460FC0DD452FBFCFB5E" baseAuthorityName="Gunther" baseAuthorityYear="1858" box="[931,1091,1339,1365]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Boiga" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="4" pageNumber="453" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ceylonensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="CFCD7E6AC6519460FC0DD452FBFCFB5E" box="[931,1091,1339,1365]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="453">B. ceylonensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; yellowish-brown dorsal color with black patterns in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3AB9D9FBC6519460FE20D436FD9DFB72" authorityName="Giri, Deepak, Captain, Pawar & Tillack" authorityYear="2019" box="[398,546,1375,1401]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Boiga" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="4" pageNumber="453" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="thackerayi">
|
||
<emphasis id="CFCD7E6AC6519460FE20D436FD9DFB72" box="[398,546,1375,1401]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="453">B. thackerayi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; green or greenish in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3AB9D9FBC6519460FCBAD436FC13FB72" authorityName="Vogel & Ganesh" authorityYear="2013" box="[788,940,1375,1401]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Boiga" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="4" pageNumber="453" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="flaviviridis">
|
||
<emphasis id="CFCD7E6AC6519460FCBAD436FC13FB72" box="[788,940,1375,1401]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="453">B. flaviviridis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; yellowish ground color with black bands in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3AB9D9FBC6519460FF39D4EAFE9BFB96" baseAuthorityName="Wall" baseAuthorityYear="1909" box="[151,292,1411,1437]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Boiga" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="4" pageNumber="453" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="beddomei">
|
||
<emphasis id="CFCD7E6AC6519460FF39D4EAFE9BFB96" box="[151,292,1411,1437]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="453">B. beddomei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
); subcaudals <100 (vs.>
|
||
<quantity id="3A410F9DC6519460FDFDD4EAFD25FB96" box="[595,666,1411,1437]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.7939999999999996" pageId="4" pageNumber="453" unit="in" value="110.0">110 in</quantity>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3AB9D9FBC6519460FD0CD4EAFC90FB96" baseAuthorityName="Wall" baseAuthorityYear="1909" box="[674,815,1411,1437]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Boiga" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="4" pageNumber="453" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="beddomei">
|
||
<emphasis id="CFCD7E6AC6519460FD0CD4EAFC90FB96" box="[674,815,1411,1437]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="453">B. beddomei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3AB9D9FBC6519460FC90D4EAFC68FB96" authorityName="Vogel & Ganesh" authorityYear="2013" box="[830,983,1411,1437]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Boiga" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="4" pageNumber="453" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="flaviviridis">
|
||
<emphasis id="CFCD7E6AC6519460FC90D4EAFC68FB96" box="[830,983,1411,1437]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="453">B. flaviviridis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
); crown with faint brown markings (vs. crown markings absent or obscure in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3AB9D9FBC6519460FD9BD4CEFD7EFBCA" baseAuthorityName="Wall" baseAuthorityYear="1909" box="[565,705,1447,1473]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Boiga" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="4" pageNumber="453" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="beddomei">
|
||
<emphasis id="CFCD7E6AC6519460FD9BD4CEFD7EFBCA" box="[565,705,1447,1473]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="453">B. beddomei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; crown with prominent black markings in
|
||
<emphasis id="CFCD7E6AC6519460FB36D4CEFF62FBEE" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="453">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3AB9D9FBC6519460FB36D4CEFA85FBCA" baseAuthorityName="Gunther" baseAuthorityYear="1858" box="[1176,1338,1447,1473]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Boiga" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="4" pageNumber="453" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ceylonensis">B. ceylonensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3AB9D9FBC6519460FAEBD4CEFF62FBEE" authorityName="Giri, Deepak, Captain, Pawar & Tillack" authorityYear="2019" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Boiga" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="4" pageNumber="453" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="thackerayi">B. thackerayi</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
); ventrolateral region with small brown dots (vs. unpatterned in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3AB9D9FBC6519460FC6CD4A2FBE3FBEE" authorityName="Vogel & Ganesh" authorityYear="2013" box="[962,1116,1483,1509]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Boiga" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="4" pageNumber="453" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="flaviviridis">
|
||
<emphasis id="CFCD7E6AC6519460FC6CD4A2FBE3FBEE" box="[962,1116,1483,1509]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="453">B. flaviviridis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; large alternating white and black blotches in
|
||
<emphasis id="CFCD7E6AC6519460FECFD486FD3BF802" box="[353,644,1519,1545]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="453">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3AB9D9FBC6519460FECFD486FE44F802" authorityName="Giri, Deepak, Captain, Pawar & Tillack" authorityYear="2019" box="[353,507,1519,1545]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Boiga" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="4" pageNumber="453" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="thackerayi">B. thackerayi</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3AB9D9FBC6519460FDA9D486FD3BF802" baseAuthorityName="Guenther" baseAuthorityYear="1869" box="[519,644,1519,1545]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Boiga" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="4" pageNumber="453" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="barnesii">B. barnesii</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
); head, neck and body cream-colored with orange streaks throughout (vs. head and neck yellowish-brown, interscalar skin yellowish-brown with distinct black crossbars and markings in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3AB9D9FBC6519460FF39D75EFE93F85A" authorityName="Giri, Deepak, Captain, Pawar & Tillack" authorityYear="2019" box="[151,300,1591,1617]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Boiga" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="4" pageNumber="453" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="thackerayi">
|
||
<emphasis id="CFCD7E6AC6519460FF39D75EFE93F85A" box="[151,300,1591,1617]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="453">B. thackerayi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, body pale brownish, with blackish-brown crossbars and pattern in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3AB9D9FBC6519460FB8DD75EFB7BF85A" baseAuthorityName="Gunther" baseAuthorityYear="1858" box="[1059,1220,1591,1617]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Boiga" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="4" pageNumber="453" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ceylonensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="CFCD7E6AC6519460FB8DD75EFB7BF85A" box="[1059,1220,1591,1617]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="453">B. ceylonensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="B5A3F1F3C6519461FF69D733FAF1F9EB" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="454" pageId="4" pageNumber="453" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="FD06A278C6519461FF69D733FAB6FFA6" blockId="4.[151,1437,834,2013]" lastBlockId="5.[151,1436,151,429]" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="454" pageId="4" pageNumber="453">
|
||
<emphasis id="CFCD7E6AC6519460FF69D733FDAAF87E" bold="true" box="[199,533,1626,1653]" pageId="4" pageNumber="453">
|
||
Description of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="22021CDAC6519460FE09D732FDAFF87E" box="[423,528,1627,1653]" pageId="4" pageNumber="453" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<typeStatus id="22021CDAC6519460FDB3D732FD3AF87E" box="[541,645,1627,1653]" pageId="4" pageNumber="453" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
coiled, hemipenis everted, ventral region of the mid body incised for tissue.A medium-sized snake measuring
|
||
<quantity id="3A410F9DC6519460FDF1D717FD04F892" box="[607,699,1662,1689]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.45" pageId="4" pageNumber="453" unit="mm" value="645.0">645 mm</quantity>
|
||
total length, snout-vent length:
|
||
<quantity id="3A410F9DC6519460FBB5D717FBC6F892" box="[1051,1145,1662,1689]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="453" unit="mm" value="500.0">500 mm</quantity>
|
||
, tail length:
|
||
<quantity id="3A410F9DC6519460FAAFD717FAE1F892" box="[1281,1374,1662,1689]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.45" pageId="4" pageNumber="453" unit="mm" value="145.0">145 mm</quantity>
|
||
, relative tail size 22.4%; vertical eye diameter:
|
||
<quantity id="3A410F9DC6519460FDD8D7CAFD71F8B6" box="[630,718,1699,1725]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.3" pageId="4" pageNumber="453" unit="mm" value="3.3">3.3 mm</quantity>
|
||
, horizontal eye diameter:
|
||
<quantity id="3A410F9DC6519460FC5FD7CAFBF5F8B6" box="[1009,1098,1699,1725]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.7" pageId="4" pageNumber="453" unit="mm" value="3.7">3.7 mm</quantity>
|
||
; head length:
|
||
<quantity id="3A410F9DC6519460FB48D7CAFAF2F8B6" box="[1254,1357,1699,1725]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.64" pageId="4" pageNumber="453" unit="mm" value="16.4">16.4 mm</quantity>
|
||
; eye to nostril distance:
|
||
<quantity id="3A410F9DC6519460FEE0D7AEFE19F8EA" box="[334,422,1735,1761]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.6" pageId="4" pageNumber="453" unit="mm" value="2.6">2.6 mm</quantity>
|
||
; eye to lip distance:
|
||
<quantity id="3A410F9DC6519460FD2BD7AEFD78F8EA" box="[645,711,1735,1761]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="453" unit="mm" value="1.0">1 mm</quantity>
|
||
; body with slender habitus, thin neck
|
||
<quantity id="3A410F9DC6519460FBC9D7AEFB75F8EA" box="[1127,1226,1735,1761]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.88" pageId="4" pageNumber="453" unit="mm" value="3.88">3.88 mm</quantity>
|
||
at nape, wide head
|
||
<quantity id="3A410F9DC6519460FF39D782FF44F90E" box="[151,251,1771,1797]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.44" pageId="4" pageNumber="453" unit="mm" value="8.44">8.44 mm</quantity>
|
||
at the angle of the jaw; head relatively longer with HL
|
||
<quantity id="3A410F9DC6519460FCCBD783FC66F90E" box="[869,985,1770,1797]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.954" pageId="4" pageNumber="453" unit="mm" value="19.54">19.54 mm</quantity>
|
||
, HW/HL ratio 41.9%; tail long (22.4%); dorsal scale rows 19:19:17; rostral visible from above; preocular 1, subequal to loreal; postoculars 2 on both sides; loreal 1 on both sides; supralabials 8/8, with 3
|
||
<superScript id="0ACC0F30C6519460FD31D65BFD12F94B" attach="left" box="[671,685,1842,1856]" fontSize="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="453">rd</superScript>
|
||
, 4
|
||
<superScript id="0ACC0F30C6519460FD7ED65BFD62F94B" attach="left" box="[720,733,1842,1856]" fontSize="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="453">th</superScript>
|
||
and 5
|
||
<superScript id="0ACC0F30C6519460FC8DD65BFC8FF94B" attach="left" box="[803,816,1842,1856]" fontSize="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="453">th</superScript>
|
||
supralabials touching eye on both sides, 6
|
||
<superScript id="0ACC0F30C6519460FAA3D65BFAA5F94B" attach="left" box="[1293,1306,1842,1856]" fontSize="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="453">th</superScript>
|
||
supralabial being the largest; infralabials 11/12, 1–3 touching the first genials and 4–6 touching the second genials; temporals 10 on both sides; prefrontal in contact with the preocular; a pair of prefrontals that are in contact with the nasals, prefrontal length
|
||
<quantity id="3A410F9DC6519460FEF9D6F6FE16F9B2" box="[343,425,1951,1977]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.2" pageId="4" pageNumber="453" unit="mm" value="2.2">2.2mm</quantity>
|
||
; sub-triangular frontal of length
|
||
<quantity id="3A410F9DC6519460FCA1D6F6FCD8F9B2" box="[783,871,1951,1977]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.3" pageId="4" pageNumber="453" unit="mm" value="4.3">4.3 mm</quantity>
|
||
; nasal divided, posterior part of the nasal in contact with the prefrontal and the first and second supralabial and the loreal, preventrals 2; ventrals 235, angulate laterally; anal scale entire; subcaudals 98 pairs. Dorsal color cream to light brown (in life), rather uniform throughout the dorsum; except in parts of labials and coastal scales that were whitish; dorsum with 122 (83 on body, 39 on tail) orange cross bars; cross bars covering 2–4 scales in size, extending on either side up to 3–4 scale rows across; interspaces often with sparse streaks; a distinct dark brown postocular stripe up to the jaw angle; labials, chin and venter light cream to dirty white. The specimen in preservative faded into a light grey dorsally with slightly darker markings and cross bars on the body. The dark nuchal and head markings faded; dirty white gular region and ventrum light yellow finely dotted with brown spots; head with dark markings and a dark brown distinct temporal streak extending from behind the oculars till the angle of the jaw.
|
||
<typeStatus id="22021CDAC6509461FDD5D0FAFD5CFFA6" box="[635,739,403,429]" pageId="5" pageNumber="454" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
somewhat impacted by suboptimal preservation.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="A9C6F2F0C6509461FF39D7C1FB34F8EF" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4921069" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4921069" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4921069/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="454" startId="5.[151,250,1704,1728]" targetBox="[155,1432,453,1680]" targetPageId="5">
|
||
<paragraph id="FD06A278C6509461FF39D7C1FB34F8EF" blockId="5.[151,1436,1704,1764]" pageId="5" pageNumber="454">
|
||
<emphasis id="CFCD7E6AC6509461FF39D7C1FEACF8CB" bold="true" box="[151,275,1704,1728]" pageId="5" pageNumber="454">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
|
||
Map of the Indian Peninsula showing the distribution records of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3AB9D9FBC6509461FC06D7C1FBF4F8CB" authority="Ganesh & Mallik & Achyuthan & Shanker & Vogel, 2021" authorityName="Ganesh & Mallik & Achyuthan & Shanker & Vogel" authorityYear="2021" box="[936,1099,1704,1728]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Boiga" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="5" pageNumber="454" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="whitakeri" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="CFCD7E6AC6509461FC06D7C1FBF4F8CB" box="[936,1099,1704,1728]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="454">Boiga whitakeri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="CFCD7E6AC6509461FBFFD7C1FB1EF8CB" bold="true" box="[1105,1185,1704,1728]" pageId="5" pageNumber="454">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="D4FEC311C6509461FBFFD7C1FB1EF8CB" box="[1105,1185,1704,1728]" pageId="5" pageNumber="454" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(blue) type locality with black center,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3AB9D9FBC6509461FEB0D7A4FE23F8EF" baseAuthorityName="Wall" baseAuthorityYear="1909" box="[286,412,1740,1764]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Boiga" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="5" pageNumber="454" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="beddomei">
|
||
<emphasis id="CFCD7E6AC6509461FEB0D7A4FE23F8EF" box="[286,412,1740,1764]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="454">B. beddomei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(red),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3AB9D9FBC6509461FE4FD7A4FDECF8EF" baseAuthorityName="Gunther" baseAuthorityYear="1875" box="[481,595,1740,1764]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Boiga" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="5" pageNumber="454" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nuchalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="CFCD7E6AC6509461FE4FD7A4FDECF8EF" box="[481,595,1740,1764]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="454">B. nuchalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(black),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3AB9D9FBC6509461FD03D7A4FC8AF8EF" authorityName="Giri, Deepak, Captain, Pawar & Tillack" authorityYear="2019" box="[685,821,1740,1764]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Boiga" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="5" pageNumber="454" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="thackerayi">
|
||
<emphasis id="CFCD7E6AC6509461FD03D7A4FC8AF8EF" box="[685,821,1740,1764]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="454">B. thackerayi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(green) and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3AB9D9FBC6509461FC1BD7A4FB80F8EF" authorityName="Vogel & Ganesh" authorityYear="2013" box="[949,1087,1740,1764]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Boiga" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="5" pageNumber="454" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="flaviviridis">
|
||
<emphasis id="CFCD7E6AC6509461FC1BD7A4FB80F8EF" box="[949,1087,1740,1764]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="454">B. flaviviridis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(pink).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="FD06A278C6509461FF69D67BFAF1F9EB" blockId="5.[151,1437,1810,2017]" pageId="5" pageNumber="454">
|
||
<emphasis id="CFCD7E6AC6509461FF69D67BFDE5F927" bold="true" box="[199,602,1810,1836]" pageId="5" pageNumber="454">
|
||
Variation shown by the
|
||
<typeStatus id="22021CDAC6509461FE46D67BFDEAF927" box="[488,597,1810,1836]" pageId="5" pageNumber="454" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Agreeing well with the
|
||
<typeStatus id="22021CDAC6509461FCDED67BFC6DF927" box="[880,978,1810,1836]" pageId="5" pageNumber="454" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
and showing the following intraspecific variations: snout to vent length: up to
|
||
<quantity id="3A410F9DC6509461FDE3D65FFD12F95A" box="[589,685,1846,1873]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.77" pageId="5" pageNumber="454" unit="mm" value="677.0">677 mm</quantity>
|
||
, with tail length up to
|
||
<quantity id="3A410F9DC6509461FC1DD65FFBAAF95A" box="[947,1045,1846,1873]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.54" pageId="5" pageNumber="454" unit="mm" value="154.0">154 mm</quantity>
|
||
; head length:
|
||
<quantity id="3A410F9DC6509461FB18D65FFAB5F95A" box="[1206,1290,1846,1873]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.2" pageId="5" pageNumber="454" unit="mm" value="22.0">22 mm</quantity>
|
||
; head width:
|
||
<quantity id="3A410F9DC6509461FF39D633FF54F97E" box="[151,235,1882,1909]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4" pageId="5" pageNumber="454" unit="mm" value="14.0">14 mm</quantity>
|
||
; eye diameter:
|
||
<quantity id="3A410F9DC6509461FE34D633FE4AF97E" box="[410,501,1882,1909]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.7" pageId="5" pageNumber="454" unit="mm" value="4.7">4.7 mm</quantity>
|
||
; inter-orbital distance:
|
||
<quantity id="3A410F9DC6509461FD52D633FCDBF97E" box="[764,868,1882,1909]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.14" pageId="5" pageNumber="454" unit="mm" value="11.4">11.4 mm</quantity>
|
||
; anterior scale rows: 18; posterior scale rows: 15; ventrals 243; subcaudals 88; preventrals 3; supralabials 9 (4–6 touch eye); infralabials 12–13 (1–6 touch genials); dorsum with much bolder series of cross bars; a distinct horizontal cross bar on occiput; venter with small brown spots.
|
||
<typeStatus id="22021CDAC6509461FF71D6AEFEFEF9EA" box="[223,321,1991,2017]" pageId="5" pageNumber="454" type="paratype">Paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
in good condition retaining the colour pattern and habitus, without any preservation artifact.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="A9C6F2F0C6539462FF39D6FEFF5DF9DF" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4921071" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4921071" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4921071/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="455" startId="6.[151,250,1943,1967]" targetBox="[226,1371,196,1905]" targetPageId="6">
|
||
<paragraph id="FD06A278C6539462FF39D6FEFF5DF9DF" blockId="6.[151,1437,1943,2004]" pageId="6" pageNumber="455">
|
||
<emphasis id="CFCD7E6AC6539462FF39D6FEFEADF9A4" bold="true" box="[151,274,1943,1967]" pageId="6" pageNumber="455">FIGURE 3.</emphasis>
|
||
Holotype of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3AB9D9FBC6539462FE39D6F1FD86F9BB" authority="Ganesh & Mallik & Achyuthan & Shanker & Vogel, 2021" authorityName="Ganesh & Mallik & Achyuthan & Shanker & Vogel" authorityYear="2021" box="[407,569,1944,1968]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Boiga" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="6" pageNumber="455" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="whitakeri" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="CFCD7E6AC6539462FE39D6F1FD86F9BB" box="[407,569,1944,1968]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="455">Boiga whitakeri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="CFCD7E6AC6539462FD90D6F1FD31F9BB" bold="true" box="[574,654,1944,1968]" pageId="6" pageNumber="455">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="D4FEC311C6539462FD90D6F1FD31F9BB" box="[574,654,1944,1968]" pageId="6" pageNumber="455" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
BNHS 3597 (ex. CESS 255) in preservative (A: ventrolateral, B: dorsolateral views).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="A9C6F2F0C6529463FF39D6FEFE99F9DF" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4921075" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4921075" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4921075/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="456" startId="7.[151,250,1943,1967]" targetBox="[163,1424,195,1907]" targetPageId="7">
|
||
<paragraph id="FD06A278C6529463FF39D6FEFE99F9DF" blockId="7.[151,1436,1943,2004]" pageId="7" pageNumber="456">
|
||
<emphasis id="CFCD7E6AC6529463FF39D6FEFEABF9A4" bold="true" box="[151,276,1943,1967]" pageId="7" pageNumber="456">FIGURE 4.</emphasis>
|
||
Paratype of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3AB9D9FBC6529463FE36D6F1FD83F9BB" authority="Ganesh & Mallik & Achyuthan & Shanker & Vogel, 2021" authorityName="Ganesh & Mallik & Achyuthan & Shanker & Vogel" authorityYear="2021" box="[408,572,1944,1968]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Boiga" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="7" pageNumber="456" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="whitakeri" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="CFCD7E6AC6529463FE36D6F1FD83F9BB" box="[408,572,1944,1968]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="456">Boiga whitakeri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="CFCD7E6AC6529463FDEDD6F1FD2AF9BB" bold="true" box="[579,661,1944,1968]" pageId="7" pageNumber="456">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="D4FEC311C6529463FDEDD6F1FD2AF9BB" box="[579,661,1944,1968]" pageId="7" pageNumber="456" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
BNHS 1863 in preservative (A: entire, B: head right, C: head left, D: head dorsal views).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="A9C6F2F0C65D946CFF39D539FB1AFA63" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4921077" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4921077" box="[151,1189,1104,1128]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4921077/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="457" startId="8.[151,250,1104,1128]" targetBox="[178,1409,181,1080]" targetPageId="8">
|
||
<paragraph id="FD06A278C65D946CFF39D539FB1AFA63" blockId="8.[151,1189,1104,1128]" box="[151,1189,1104,1128]" pageId="8" pageNumber="457">
|
||
<emphasis id="CFCD7E6AC65D946CFF39D539FEACFA63" bold="true" box="[151,275,1104,1128]" pageId="8" pageNumber="457">FIGURE 5.</emphasis>
|
||
Live uncollected individual of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3AB9D9FBC65D946CFDFCD538FD4AFA63" authority="Ganesh & Mallik & Achyuthan & Shanker & Vogel, 2021" authorityName="Ganesh & Mallik & Achyuthan & Shanker & Vogel" authorityYear="2021" box="[594,757,1104,1128]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Boiga" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="8" pageNumber="457" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="whitakeri" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="CFCD7E6AC65D946CFDFCD538FD4AFA63" box="[594,757,1104,1128]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="457">Boiga whitakeri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="CFCD7E6AC65D946CFD55D539FCF4FA63" bold="true" box="[763,843,1104,1128]" pageId="8" pageNumber="457">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="D4FEC311C65D946CFD55D539FCF4FA63" box="[763,843,1104,1128]" pageId="8" pageNumber="457" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
from Courtallam, near Sencottah.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="B5A3F1F3C65D946CFF69D5FFFA88F98B" pageId="8" pageNumber="457" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="FD06A278C65D946CFF69D5FFFA88F98B" blockId="8.[151,1437,1174,1921]" pageId="8" pageNumber="457">
|
||
<emphasis id="CFCD7E6AC65D946CFF69D5FFFDE5FABB" bold="true" box="[199,602,1174,1200]" pageId="8" pageNumber="457">Distribution and Natural History.</emphasis>
|
||
The type specimen was collected in Devar Malai range or Vairavankulam Reserve Forests / Suttivezhi Vayal (Tirunelveli district,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="3F7D6C9AC65D946CFCA9D5D3FC71FADF" box="[775,974,1210,1236]" country="India" name="Tamil Nadu" pageId="8" pageNumber="457">Tamil Nadu State</collectingRegion>
|
||
) in the far south of Periyar plateau in the Southern Western Ghats. Devar Malai is perhaps the most inaccessible, little-known and under-surveyed hill range in the Western Ghats, owing to its remoteness, lack of roads and rugged terrain. Situated just south of Sivagiri hills and drained by the Karuppanadhi river, Devar Malai continues westwards as the Aruvappulam hills in
|
||
<collectingRegion id="3F7D6C9AC65D946CFA8FD44FFAD3FB4B" box="[1313,1388,1318,1344]" country="India" name="Kerala" pageId="8" pageNumber="457">Kerala</collectingRegion>
|
||
and drops steeply eastwards to the plains at Puliyangudi. Historically, Devar Malai has been mentioned in literature as Ayen/Achen Koil hills or Chokkampatty Hills by Col. R.H. Beddome. The habitat at the type locality consists of evergreen rainforests (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="9928DF89C65D946CFE3DD4FBFDE5FBA7" author="Bourdillon, T. F." box="[403,602,1426,1452]" pageId="8" pageNumber="457" refId="ref10787" refString="Bourdillon, T. F. (1908) The forest trees of Travancore. Printed at the Travancore Government Press." type="book" year="1908">Bourdillon, 1908</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="9928DF89C65D946CFDC0D4FBFC92FBA7" author="Beddome, R. H." box="[622,813,1426,1452]" pageId="8" pageNumber="457" pagination="685 - 686" refId="ref10694" refString="Beddome, R. H. (1877) Descriptions of new reptiles from the Madras Presidency. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1877, 685 - 686." type="journal article" year="1877">Beddome (1877)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
described these areas as “dense moist forest above the Ayen-Coil pass (Travancore), at about
|
||
<quantity id="3A410F9DC65D946CFDEBD4DFFD12FBDB" box="[581,685,1462,1489]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.62" pageId="8" pageNumber="457" unit="ft" value="2500.0">2500 feet</quantity>
|
||
elevation”. Very little is known about the natural history of the new species, except that it is nocturnal and arboreal, like other
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3AB9D9FBC65D946CFCB1D4B2FC28FBFE" box="[799,919,1499,1525]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Boiga" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="8" pageNumber="457" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||
<emphasis id="CFCD7E6AC65D946CFCB1D4B2FCDDFBFF" box="[799,866,1499,1524]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="457">Boiga</emphasis>
|
||
spp.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
The
|
||
<typeStatus id="22021CDAC65D946CFC61D4B2FB90FBFE" box="[975,1071,1499,1525]" pageId="8" pageNumber="457" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
is labeled as from “Eranakulam, Pullompara”. While Eranakulam is evidently the provincial name, “Pullompara” appears to be an anglicized word that probably refers to forests near Pulluvazhy Para (
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="988DC4BFC65D946CFD4AD74BFCF5F837" box="[740,842,1570,1596]" degrees="10.086" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="457" precision="55" value="10.086">10.086N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="988DC4BFC65D946CFCFBD74BFC0BF836" box="[853,948,1570,1597]" degrees="76.511" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="457" precision="55" value="76.511">76.511E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
) abutting the Thattekad or Kothamangalam Forest (
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="988DC4BFC65D946CFF44D72FFEEFF86B" box="[234,336,1606,1632]" degrees="10.103" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="457" precision="55" value="10.103">10.103N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="988DC4BFC65D946CFEF7D72FFE02F86A" box="[345,445,1606,1633]" degrees="76.701" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="457" precision="55" value="76.701">76.701E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
). Other interpretations
|
||
<emphasis id="CFCD7E6AC65D946CFD17D72EFD67F86B" box="[697,728,1607,1632]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="457">viz</emphasis>
|
||
. Pullampara (Trivandram) or Pulayampara (Palghat) or Pollompara (
|
||
<collectingCountry id="85AEE2E8C65D946CFF7BD703FE93F88F" box="[213,300,1642,1668]" name="India" pageId="8" pageNumber="457">Kannur</collectingCountry>
|
||
) are untenable and unassociated with the erstwhile Ernakulam Province. The collector of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="22021CDAC65D946CFA92D702FA23F88E" box="[1340,1436,1643,1669]" pageId="8" pageNumber="457" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
in 1963, “K.G. Adiyodi”, refers to Dr. Kenoth Govindan Adiyodi (1938–2001), a Zoology Professor who worked at various institutions in
|
||
<collectingRegion id="3F7D6C9AC65D946CFE3FD7DBFE63F8C7" box="[401,476,1714,1740]" country="India" name="Kerala" pageId="8" pageNumber="457">Kerala</collectingRegion>
|
||
(Anilkumar
|
||
<emphasis id="CFCD7E6AC65D946CFDC2D7DAFD22F8C7" box="[620,669,1714,1740]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="457">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2010). In
|
||
<date id="890784B8C65D946CFCB7D7DAFC31F8C7" box="[793,910,1714,1741]" pageId="8" pageNumber="457" value="2008-06">June 2008</date>
|
||
, one of us (NSA) recorded a live
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3AB9D9FBC65D946CFAA8D7DAFAF6F8C7" authorityName="Fitzinger" authorityYear="1826" box="[1286,1353,1715,1740]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Boiga" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="8" pageNumber="457" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="CFCD7E6AC65D946CFAA8D7DAFAF6F8C7" box="[1286,1353,1715,1740]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="457">Boiga</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
having 19 midbody scale rows and lacking white ventrolateral blotches, from Courtallam (
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="988DC4BFC65D946CFBE4D7BFFB1EF8FB" box="[1098,1185,1750,1776]" degrees="8.929" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="457" precision="55" value="8.929">8.929N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="988DC4BFC65D946CFB00D7BFFAB0F8FB" box="[1198,1295,1750,1776]" degrees="77.237" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="457" precision="55" value="77.237">77.237E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
;
|
||
<quantity id="3A410F9DC65D946CFAB2D7BFFADAF8FA" box="[1308,1381,1750,1777]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.3" pageId="8" pageNumber="457" unit="m" value="630.0">630 m</quantity>
|
||
asl), Tirunelveli district,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="3F7D6C9AC65D946CFEDDD793FE45F91F" box="[371,506,1786,1812]" country="India" name="Tamil Nadu" pageId="8" pageNumber="457">Tamil Nadu</collectingRegion>
|
||
, just 30 ariline km south off the type locality. The snake was seen coiled and resting inside a tree hole during daytime, in hilly evergreen forest tracts. Thus, at the type locality and elsewhere within its known distribution range, the new species is sympatric with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3AB9D9FBC65D946CFC90D62AFC02F957" baseAuthorityName="Gunther" baseAuthorityYear="1875" box="[830,957,1858,1884]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Boiga" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="8" pageNumber="457" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nuchalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="CFCD7E6AC65D946CFC90D62AFC02F957" box="[830,957,1858,1884]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="457">B. nuchalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3AB9D9FBC65D946CFC5DD62AFB37F957" authorityName="Giri, Deepak, Captain, Pawar & Tillack" authorityYear="2019" box="[1011,1160,1858,1884]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Boiga" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="8" pageNumber="457" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="thackerayi">
|
||
<emphasis id="CFCD7E6AC65D946CFC5DD62AFB37F957" box="[1011,1160,1858,1884]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="457">B. thackerayi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
judging by our previous excursions in Devar Malai and nearby ranges (NSA, SRG pers. obs.). Presumably nocturnal and arboreal.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |