282 lines
38 KiB
XML
282 lines
38 KiB
XML
<document id="1E6C1A42FF20AA6E30A7B9895FCC0663" ID-CLB-Dataset="45536" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3814.3.4" ID-GBIF-Dataset="1d9a49e4-f681-49d5-9dc9-b52f2aaee508" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="252958" ID-ZooBank="DFFD74E8-8780-4A76-8422-08C2123A4C04" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460434632392" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Singh, Sudhir, Rema Devi, O. K. & Srinivasa, Y. B." docDate="2014" docId="03D787BA4B7DFF9FFF70FC8EFC12AF8F" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03814p384.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3814 (3)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Noyesencyrtus Singh, gen. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="374" masterDocId="FFEEFFC24B7CFF9AFFE7FFCAFF89AA12" masterDocTitle="Description of a new genus and three species of Encyrtidae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) from the Western Ghats of Karnataka, India" masterLastPageNumber="384" masterPageNumber="369" pageNumber="370" updateTime="1698331890864" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods id="5EB6BF8FEA47017031FAD4E6740E43E8" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="AD89617E1D6F3D218DC26FA93DC6B148">
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<mods:title id="AD84CC0DFAC8CEDF59818A1649D4EA59">Description of a new genus and three species of Encyrtidae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) from the Western Ghats of Karnataka, India</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="0A9F8C4C9E39EB88F2ABDD9E87D99BB9" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="724B80618DFD97357EAFA6C76A885351">Singh, Sudhir</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="9CBE1E47F72AEED15B98B6D40D383AAF">Rema Devi, O. K.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name id="97BF5F53BAA605AD5BB69BC14A11CEAE" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="BC477CCAC4D9406D1DC80DEAAFE46791">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="33A6BFC2F5D7015765E0ED61748814CF">Srinivasa, Y. B.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="737E5AE638A4478442FD2BFC5F10A0AF">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="640BF0921F0D8D8221933EAA645F107A">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="3C3AD5D3B53FA55133704903F4D49740">
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<mods:date id="B59921A0A1FB5F6E2FF413E7D22DBDCE">2014</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="84C41434405A8D60FA8E1E294D9330FB" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="EE9519873B3E1DC9CA1FEE7A347BF7AB">3814</mods:number>
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<treatment id="03D787BA4B7DFF9FFF70FC8EFC12AF8F" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6126332" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119431423" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6126332" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D787BA4B7DFF9FFF70FC8EFC12AF8F" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D787BA4B7DFF9FFF70FC8EFC12AF8F" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="374" pageId="1" pageNumber="370">
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<subSubSection id="C36465274B7DFF9BFF70FC8EFE90A96D" pageId="1" pageNumber="370" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BC136AC4B7DFF9BFF70FC8EFD82A94C" blockId="1.[151,523,836,895]" box="[151,523,836,862]" pageId="1" pageNumber="370">
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<heading id="D08981C04B7DFF9BFF70FC8EFD82A94C" bold="true" box="[151,523,836,862]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="370" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B90AEABE4B7DFF9BFF70FC8EFD82A94C" bold="true" box="[151,523,836,862]" pageId="1" pageNumber="370">
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<taxonomicName id="4C7E4D2F4B7DFF9BFF70FC8EFE1FA94C" authority="Singh" authorityName="Singh" box="[151,406,836,862]" class="Insecta" family="Encyrtidae" genus="Noyesencyrtus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="370" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B90AEABE4B7DFF9BFF70FC8EFECEA94C" bold="true" box="[151,327,836,862]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="370">Noyesencyrtus</emphasis>
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Singh
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A23957C54B7DFF9BFE7AFC8EFD82A94C" box="[413,523,836,862]" pageId="1" pageNumber="370" rank="genus">gen. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BC136AC4B7DFF9BFF70FCACFE90A96D" blockId="1.[151,523,836,895]" box="[151,281,870,895]" pageId="1" pageNumber="370">
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(
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<figureCitation id="13452A294B7DFF9BFF78FCACFE99A96D" box="[159,272,870,895]" captionStart-0="FIGURES 1 – 5" captionStart-1="FIGURES 6 – 13" captionStart-2="FIGURES 14 – 18" captionStartId-0="2.[151,264,1980,2003]" captionStartId-1="3.[151,264,1948,1971]" captionStartId-2="4.[151,264,1851,1874]" captionTargetBox-0="[168,1427,193,1931]" captionTargetBox-1="[178,1422,193,1931]" captionTargetBox-2="[151,1436,193,1822]" captionTargetId-0="figure@2.[168,1428,193,1932]" captionTargetId-1="figure@3.[178,1423,193,1932]" captionTargetId-2="figure@4.[151,1436,193,1830]" captionTargetPageId-0="2" captionTargetPageId-1="3" captionTargetPageId-2="4" captionText-0="FIGURES 1 – 5. Noyesencyrtus brachyoculus Singh, sp. nov., ♀: 1, body in lateral view (holotype); 2, head in frontal view; 3, head showing ocellar area; 4, head in profile; 5, head and mesosoma in dorsal view." captionText-1="FIGURES 6 – 13. Noyesencyrtus brachyoculus Singh, sp. nov., ♀: 6, mandible; 7, antenna; 8, fore wing; 9, part of fore wing showing venation; 10, legs (left to right: hind, middle and fore leg); 11, last metasomal segment; 12, hypopygium; 13, ovipositor." captionText-2="FIGURES 14 – 18. Noyesencyrtus brachyoculus Singh, sp. nov., ♂: 14, body in lateral view; 15, head in frontal view; 16, antenna; 17, fore wing; 18, part of fore wing showing venation." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/252959/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/252960/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/252961/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="370">Figs 1–18</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C36465274B7DFF9BFF70FC64FCA9A9D4" box="[151,800,942,967]" pageId="1" pageNumber="370" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BC136AC4B7DFF9BFF70FC64FCA9A9D4" blockId="1.[151,1437,942,1975]" box="[151,800,942,967]" pageId="1" pageNumber="370">
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<emphasis id="B90AEABE4B7DFF9BFF70FC64FEBBA9D5" bold="true" box="[151,306,942,967]" pageId="1" pageNumber="370">
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<typeStatus id="54C5880E4B7DFF9BFF70FC64FF5BA9D5" box="[151,210,942,967]" pageId="1" pageNumber="370">Type</typeStatus>
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species.
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</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C7E4D2F4B7DFF9BFEDEFC65FD4BA9D5" authority="Singh" authorityName="Singh" box="[313,706,942,967]" class="Insecta" family="Encyrtidae" genus="Noyesencyrtus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="370" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brachyoculus" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B90AEABE4B7DFF9BFEDEFC65FDF3A9D4" box="[313,634,942,966]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="370">Noyesencyrtus brachyoculus</emphasis>
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Singh
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A23957C54B7DFF9BFD2EFC65FCA9A9D4" box="[713,800,943,966]" pageId="1" pageNumber="370" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C36465274B7DFF9BFF20FC18FDB3AE1C" pageId="1" pageNumber="370" type="etymology">
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<paragraph id="8BC136AC4B7DFF9BFF20FC18FDB3AE1C" blockId="1.[151,1437,942,1975]" pageId="1" pageNumber="370">
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<emphasis id="B90AEABE4B7DFF9BFF20FC18FEC7A9F9" bold="true" box="[199,334,978,1003]" pageId="1" pageNumber="370">Etymology.</emphasis>
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Named in honor of Dr. John S. Noyes (BMNH) for his outstanding contributions toward world
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<taxonomicName id="4C7E4D2F4B7DFF9BFF70FC3CFE9DAE1D" box="[151,276,1014,1039]" class="Insecta" family="Encyrtidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="370" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Encyrtidae</taxonomicName>
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;
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<emphasis id="B90AEABE4B7DFF9BFEF8FC3DFEEAAE1C" box="[287,355,1015,1038]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="370">Noyes</emphasis>
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+ suffix,
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<taxonomicName id="4C7E4D2F4B7DFF9BFE37FC3DFDBDAE1C" box="[464,564,1015,1038]" class="Insecta" family="Encyrtidae" genus="Encyrtus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="370" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B90AEABE4B7DFF9BFE37FC3DFDBDAE1C" box="[464,564,1015,1038]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="370">Encyrtus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C36465274B7DFF9BFF20FBD0FBC0ADA5" pageId="1" pageNumber="370" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="8BC136AC4B7DFF9BFF20FBD0FE4CAE68" blockId="1.[151,1437,942,1975]" pageId="1" pageNumber="370">
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<emphasis id="B90AEABE4B7DFF9BFF20FBD0FEC8AE21" bold="true" box="[199,321,1050,1075]" pageId="1" pageNumber="370">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
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FEMALE. Elongate, small, length about
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<quantity id="4C869B494B7DFF9BFCC8FBD1FCE4AE21" box="[815,877,1051,1075]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="370" unit="mm" value="1.0">1mm</quantity>
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; body completely brown, darker dorsally. Body smooth except faintly reticulate on frontovertex and mesoscutum; sparsely setose with moderately long and strong setae; eyes sparsely setose.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BC136AC4B7DFF9BFF20FB4CFC1BAFF1" blockId="1.[151,1437,942,1975]" pageId="1" pageNumber="370">
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Head, in dorsal view (
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<figureCitation id="13452A294B7DFF9BFE59FB4CFD88AE8D" box="[446,513,1158,1183]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 5" captionStartId="2.[151,264,1980,2003]" captionTargetBox="[168,1427,193,1931]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[168,1428,193,1932]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 5. Noyesencyrtus brachyoculus Singh, sp. nov., ♀: 1, body in lateral view (holotype); 2, head in frontal view; 3, head showing ocellar area; 4, head in profile; 5, head and mesosoma in dorsal view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/252959/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="370">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
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), with occipital margin sharp; 2.3× as wide as frontovertex width. Head, in frontal view, distinctly higher than wide (
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<figureCitation id="13452A294B7DFF9BFDFEFB60FDD7AED1" box="[537,606,1194,1219]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 5" captionStartId="2.[151,264,1980,2003]" captionTargetBox="[168,1427,193,1931]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[168,1428,193,1932]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 5. Noyesencyrtus brachyoculus Singh, sp. nov., ♀: 1, body in lateral view (holotype); 2, head in frontal view; 3, head showing ocellar area; 4, head in profile; 5, head and mesosoma in dorsal view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/252959/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="370">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
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), sub-rectangular in outline, with vertex convex and sides almost parallel from middle of eyes ventrally to transversely truncate mouth margin; eye ventrally reaching to half head height; scrobes shallow, meeting dorsally; toruli widely separated and situated near mouth margin. Head, in profile, hypognathous, with anterior margin evenly rounded (
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<figureCitation id="13452A294B7DFF9BFD15FADCFCB0AF3D" box="[754,825,1302,1327]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 5" captionStartId="2.[151,264,1980,2003]" captionTargetBox="[168,1427,193,1931]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[168,1428,193,1932]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 5. Noyesencyrtus brachyoculus Singh, sp. nov., ♀: 1, body in lateral view (holotype); 2, head in frontal view; 3, head showing ocellar area; 4, head in profile; 5, head and mesosoma in dorsal view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/252959/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="370">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
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); malar space 0.4× head height, 0.8× eye height; eyes small, oval, 1.38× as high as wide. Antennal formula, 1152; scape spindle shaped; pedicel conical, as wide as scape; funicle 5-segmented, all segments transverse, saucer shaped, F1 narrowest; club 2-segmented, as long as scape or combined length of funicle and one-third length of pedicel, and twice as wide as scape, obliquely truncate apically (apical sensilla obliquely placed), the truncated part about half as long as club length. Maxillary and labial palpi 4- and 3-segmented, respectively. Mandible tridentate (
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<figureCitation id="13452A294B7DFF9BFCA7FA00FC0DAFF1" box="[832,900,1482,1507]" captionStart="FIGURES 6 – 13" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1948,1971]" captionTargetBox="[178,1422,193,1931]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[178,1423,193,1932]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 6 – 13. Noyesencyrtus brachyoculus Singh, sp. nov., ♀: 6, mandible; 7, antenna; 8, fore wing; 9, part of fore wing showing venation; 10, legs (left to right: hind, middle and fore leg); 11, last metasomal segment; 12, hypopygium; 13, ovipositor." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/252960/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="370">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BC136AC4B7DFF9BFF20FA25FD3DAD59" blockId="1.[151,1437,942,1975]" pageId="1" pageNumber="370">
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Mesosoma (
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<figureCitation id="13452A294B7DFF9BFEB1FA24FE2BAC15" box="[342,418,1518,1543]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 5" captionStartId="2.[151,264,1980,2003]" captionTargetBox="[168,1427,193,1931]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[168,1428,193,1932]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 5. Noyesencyrtus brachyoculus Singh, sp. nov., ♀: 1, body in lateral view (holotype); 2, head in frontal view; 3, head showing ocellar area; 4, head in profile; 5, head and mesosoma in dorsal view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/252959/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="370">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
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). Pronotum with visible part one-fourth length of mesoscutum; mesoscutum without notaular lines, with posterior margin medially overlapping axillae; axillae slightly separated; scutellum nearly flat with rounded margins. Fore wing (
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<figureCitation id="13452A294B7DFF9BFDFBF9FCFD08AC5D" box="[540,641,1590,1615]" captionStart="FIGURES 6 – 13" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1948,1971]" captionTargetBox="[178,1422,193,1931]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[178,1423,193,1932]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 6 – 13. Noyesencyrtus brachyoculus Singh, sp. nov., ♀: 6, mandible; 7, antenna; 8, fore wing; 9, part of fore wing showing venation; 10, legs (left to right: hind, middle and fore leg); 11, last metasomal segment; 12, hypopygium; 13, ovipositor." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/252960/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="370">Figs 8, 9</figureCitation>
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) hyaline, slightly infuscate behind marginal vein and basally; venation reaching to 0.44× wing length; filum spinosum with 8–10 setae arranged in two rows; basal third bare from base to proximal margin of linea calva, with only 4 or 5 short setae behind middle of submarginal vein; parastigma distinctly swollen; submarginal vein and parastigma together with about 10 long setae; marginal vein 2× as long as wide; stigmal vein club-shaped and as long as marginal vein, with 4 circular sensilla on stigma; costal cell with a row of 7 or 8 setae in distal two-fifths of dorsal surface; ventral surface of costal cell with two rows of setae in distal half and row of smaller setae in basal half. Legs (
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<figureCitation id="13452A294B7DFF9BFCEAF8C4FCD6AD35" box="[781,863,1806,1831]" captionStart="FIGURES 6 – 13" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1948,1971]" captionTargetBox="[178,1422,193,1931]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[178,1423,193,1932]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 6 – 13. Noyesencyrtus brachyoculus Singh, sp. nov., ♀: 6, mandible; 7, antenna; 8, fore wing; 9, part of fore wing showing venation; 10, legs (left to right: hind, middle and fore leg); 11, last metasomal segment; 12, hypopygium; 13, ovipositor." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/252960/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="370">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
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) short; hind femur and tibia considerably swollen; middle tibial spur longer than middle basitarsus.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BC136AC4B7DFF9BFF20F89DFBC0ADA5" blockId="1.[151,1437,942,1975]" pageId="1" pageNumber="370">
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Metasoma. Longer than mesosoma; paratergites absent; hypopygium extending beyond apex of last tergite (
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<figureCitation id="13452A294B7DFF9BFF78F8B0FF68AD81" box="[159,225,1914,1939]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 5" captionStartId="2.[151,264,1980,2003]" captionTargetBox="[168,1427,193,1931]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[168,1428,193,1932]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 5. Noyesencyrtus brachyoculus Singh, sp. nov., ♀: 1, body in lateral view (holotype); 2, head in frontal view; 3, head showing ocellar area; 4, head in profile; 5, head and mesosoma in dorsal view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/252959/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="370">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
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), the latter Y-shaped, narrowly produced apically (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13452A294B7DFF9BFCF8F8B0FCF9AD81" box="[799,880,1914,1939]" captionStart="FIGURES 6 – 13" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1948,1971]" captionTargetBox="[178,1422,193,1931]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[178,1423,193,1932]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 6 – 13. Noyesencyrtus brachyoculus Singh, sp. nov., ♀: 6, mandible; 7, antenna; 8, fore wing; 9, part of fore wing showing venation; 10, legs (left to right: hind, middle and fore leg); 11, last metasomal segment; 12, hypopygium; 13, ovipositor." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/252960/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="370">Fig. 11</figureCitation>
|
||
); ovipositor longer than middle tibia, with sheath exserted to about one-fifth length of metasoma, and articulated with second valvifer.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="DF0166244B7EFF98FF70F876FC6EADE3" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/252959/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="371" targetBox="[168,1427,193,1931]" targetPageId="2">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC136AC4B7EFF98FF70F876FC6EADE3" blockId="2.[151,1436,1980,2033]" pageId="2" pageNumber="371">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90AEABE4B7EFF98FF70F876FEB3ADC3" bold="true" box="[151,314,1980,2003]" pageId="2" pageNumber="371">FIGURES 1–5.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7E4D2F4B7EFF98FEA6F877FD20ADC0" authority="Singh" authorityName="Singh" box="[321,681,1980,2002]" class="Insecta" family="Encyrtidae" genus="Noyesencyrtus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="371" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brachyoculus" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90AEABE4B7EFF98FEA6F877FDEAADC0" box="[321,611,1980,2002]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="371">Noyesencyrtus brachyoculus</emphasis>
|
||
Singh
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A23957C54B7EFF98FD54F877FC8DADC0" box="[691,772,1981,2002]" pageId="2" pageNumber="371" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90AEABE4B7EFF98FD54F877FC8DADC0" bold="true" box="[691,772,1981,2002]" pageId="2" pageNumber="371">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
, ♀: 1, body in lateral view (holotype); 2, head in frontal view; 3, head showing ocellar area; 4, head in profile; 5, head and mesosoma in dorsal view.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF0166244B7FFF99FF70F856FE8DADE2" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/252960/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="372" targetBox="[178,1422,193,1931]" targetPageId="3">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC136AC4B7FFF99FF70F856FE8DADE2" blockId="3.[151,1436,1948,2032]" pageId="3" pageNumber="372">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90AEABE4B7FFF99FF70F856FEC1ADA0" bold="true" box="[151,328,1948,1971]" pageId="3" pageNumber="372">FIGURES 6–13.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7E4D2F4B7FFF99FEB7F854FD30ADA1" authority="Singh" authorityName="Singh" box="[336,697,1949,1971]" class="Insecta" family="Encyrtidae" genus="Noyesencyrtus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="372" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brachyoculus" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90AEABE4B7FFF99FEB7F854FDFDADA1" box="[336,628,1949,1971]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="372">Noyesencyrtus brachyoculus</emphasis>
|
||
Singh
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A23957C54B7FFF99FD23F857FC9FADA0" box="[708,790,1949,1970]" pageId="3" pageNumber="372" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90AEABE4B7FFF99FD23F857FC9FADA0" bold="true" box="[708,790,1949,1970]" pageId="3" pageNumber="372">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
, ♀: 6, mandible; 7, antenna; 8, fore wing; 9, part of fore wing showing venation; 10, legs (left to right: hind, middle and fore leg); 11, last metasomal segment; 12, hypopygium; 13, ovipositor.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF0166244B78FF9EFF70F8F1FC93AD62" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/252961/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="373" targetBox="[151,1436,193,1822]" targetPageId="4">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC136AC4B78FF9EFF70F8F1FC93AD62" blockId="4.[151,1435,1851,1904]" pageId="4" pageNumber="373">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90AEABE4B78FF9EFF70F8F1FEDEAD43" bold="true" box="[151,343,1851,1874]" pageId="4" pageNumber="373">FIGURES 14–18.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7E4D2F4B78FF9EFE87F8F7FD44AD40" authority="Singh" authorityName="Singh" box="[352,717,1852,1874]" class="Insecta" family="Encyrtidae" genus="Noyesencyrtus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="373" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brachyoculus" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90AEABE4B78FF9EFE87F8F7FD0CAD40" box="[352,645,1852,1874]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="373">Noyesencyrtus brachyoculus</emphasis>
|
||
Singh
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A23957C54B78FF9EFD3DF8F6FCA4AD43" box="[730,813,1852,1873]" pageId="4" pageNumber="373" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90AEABE4B78FF9EFD3DF8F6FCA4AD43" bold="true" box="[730,813,1852,1873]" pageId="4" pageNumber="373">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
, ♂: 14, body in lateral view; 15, head in frontal view; 16, antenna; 17, fore wing; 18, part of fore wing showing venation.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C36465274B79FF9FFF20FF52FC78AB52" pageId="5" pageNumber="374" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC136AC4B79FF9FFF20FF52FC78AB52" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,1437]" pageId="5" pageNumber="374">MALE. Shorter than females, with similar coloration. Head, in frontal view, broadly square, as high as broad; eye reaching about 0.6× head height. Antenna completely brown; flagellum with long, strong setae; funicle 5- segmented; club apically pointed. Fore wing, 2.25× as long as wide; filum spinosum sometimes consisting of a single row. Metasoma with last tergite normal and pointed apically. Genitalia with aedeagus half as long as middle tibia; each digitus with one denticle; phallobase 0.6× as long as middle tibia.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C36465274B79FF9FFF20FE86FC12AF8F" pageId="5" pageNumber="374" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC136AC4B79FF9FFF20FE86FEADAE4A" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,1437]" pageId="5" pageNumber="374">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90AEABE4B79FF9FFF20FE86FEC1AB77" bold="true" box="[199,328,332,357]" pageId="5" pageNumber="374">Comments</emphasis>
|
||
. The species here described as a new genus does not run well to any genus or runs to a genus to which it does not belong in the keys to genera given by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFEF4B5D4B79FF9FFCF2FEA5FB20AB9A" author="Tachikawa" box="[789,1193,367,392]" pageId="5" pageNumber="374" refString="Tachikawa, T. (1963) Revisional studies on the Encyrtidae of Japan (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea). Memoirs of Ehime University, Series 6, 9, 1 - 264." type="journal article" year="1963">Tachikawa (1963, Japanese genera)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFEF4B5D4B79FF9FFB52FEA5FEFFABBF" author="Prinsloo" pageId="5" pageNumber="374" refString="Prinsloo, G. L. & Annecke, D. P. (1979) A key to the genera of Encyrtidae from the Ethiopian region, with descriptions of three new genera (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea). Journal of the Entomological Society of southern Africa, 42, 349 - 382." type="journal article" year="1979">Prinsloo & Annecke (1979,Afrotropical)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFEF4B5D4B79FF9FFE6FFE5FFD4DABBF" author="Noyes" box="[392,708,404,429]" pageId="5" pageNumber="374" refString="Noyes, J. S. (1980) A review of the genera of Neotropical Encyrtidae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea). Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) (Entomology), 41, 107 - 253." type="journal article" year="1980">Noyes (1980, Neotropical)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFEF4B5D4B79FF9FFD31FE5EFBA7ABBF" author="Trjapitzin" box="[726,1070,404,429]" pageId="5" pageNumber="374" refString="Trjapitzin, V. A. (1989) Parasitic Hymenoptera of the Fam. Encyrtidae of Palaearctics. Opredeletelipo Faune SSSR, Izdavavaemiye Zoologiya In - Tom SSSR, 158, 1 - 489. [in Russian.]" type="journal article" year="1989">Trjapitzin (1989, Palaearctic)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFEF4B5D4B79FF9FFBA7FE5FFF78ABC2" author="Noyes" pageId="5" pageNumber="374" refString="Noyes, J. S. & Hayat, M. (1984) A review of the genera of Indo-Pacific Encyrtidae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea). Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) (Entomology), 48, 131 - 395." type="journal article" year="1984">Noyes & Hayat (1984, Indo- Pacific)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFEF4B5D4B79FF9FFF1AFE72FE58ABC2" author="Noyes" box="[253,465,440,464]" pageId="5" pageNumber="374" refString="Noyes, J. S., Woolley, J. B. & Zolnerowich, G. (1997) Chapter 8. Encyrtidae. In: Gibson, G. A. P., Huber, J. T. & Woolley, J. B. (Eds.), Annotated keys to the genera of Nearctic Chalcidoidea (Hymenoptera). National Research Council, Research Press Publication, Ottawa, pp. 170 - 320." type="book chapter" year="1997">
|
||
Noyes
|
||
<emphasis id="B90AEABE4B79FF9FFEABFE73FEF7ABC2" box="[332,382,440,464]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="374">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (1997
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, Nearctic), and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFEF4B5D4B79FF9FFD62FE72FCFDABC2" author="Hayat" box="[645,884,439,464]" pageId="5" pageNumber="374" refString="Hayat, M. (2006) Indian Encyrtidae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea). Published by M. Hayat, Department of Zoology, Aligarh Muslim University, India, 496 pp." type="book" year="2006">Hayat (2006, Indian)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. It runs to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7E4D2F4B79FF9FFC09FE72FB52ABC2" authority="Girault" authorityName="Girault" box="[1006,1243,439,464]" class="Insecta" family="Encyrtidae" genus="Pararhopella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="374" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90AEABE4B79FF9FFC09FE72FB0DABC2" box="[1006,1156,440,464]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="374">Pararhopella</emphasis>
|
||
Girault
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the key to the genera of Indo-Pacific
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7E4D2F4B79FF9FFE70FE16FD99ABE7" box="[407,528,476,501]" class="Insecta" family="Encyrtidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="374" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Encyrtidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFEF4B5D4B79FF9FFDDEFE17FCB0ABE6" author="Noyes" box="[569,825,476,501]" pageId="5" pageNumber="374" refString="Noyes, J. S. & Hayat, M. (1984) A review of the genera of Indo-Pacific Encyrtidae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea). Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) (Entomology), 48, 131 - 395." type="journal article" year="1984">Noyes & Hayat (1984)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, and to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7E4D2F4B79FF9FFC77FE17FB2FABE7" authority="Girault" authorityName="Girault" box="[912,1190,476,501]" class="Insecta" family="Encyrtidae" genus="Zaommoencyrtus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="374" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90AEABE4B79FF9FFC77FE17FBD8ABE6" box="[912,1105,477,500]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="374">Zaommoencyrtus</emphasis>
|
||
Girault
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the key to Nearctic
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7E4D2F4B79FF9FFF70FE35FE99A80A" box="[151,272,511,536]" class="Insecta" family="Encyrtidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="374" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Encyrtidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFEF4B5D4B79FF9FFED9FDCAFD94A80A" box="[318,541,512,536]" pageId="5" pageNumber="374" refString="Noyes, J. S., Woolley, J. B. & Zolnerowich, G. (1997) Chapter 8. Encyrtidae. In: Gibson, G. A. P., Huber, J. T. & Woolley, J. B. (Eds.), Annotated keys to the genera of Nearctic Chalcidoidea (Hymenoptera). National Research Council, Research Press Publication, Ottawa, pp. 170 - 320." type="book chapter">
|
||
Noyes
|
||
<emphasis id="B90AEABE4B79FF9FFE68FDCBFE40A80A" box="[399,457,512,536]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="374">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(1997)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. However, the species is totally different from species in any of these genera. Noyes observed (pers. com.) that it is an interesting species belonging near
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7E4D2F4B79FF9FFC02FDEFFB76A82F" authority="Girault" authorityName="Girault" box="[997,1279,548,573]" class="Insecta" family="Encyrtidae" genus="Zaommoencyrtus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="374" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90AEABE4B79FF9FFC02FDEFFB2FA82E" box="[997,1190,549,572]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="374">Zaommoencyrtus</emphasis>
|
||
Girault
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, stating “ ….I checked
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7E4D2F4B79FF9FFF1EFD83FDBEA872" box="[249,567,584,608]" class="Insecta" family="Encyrtidae" genus="Zaommoencyrtus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="374" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="submicans">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90AEABE4B79FF9FFF1EFD83FDBEA872" box="[249,567,584,608]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="374">Zaommoencyrtus submicans</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and there is no filamentous strip between the gonostylus and second valvifer, the head shape is different and so is the venation….”. I (SS) also obtained identified material of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7E4D2F4B79FF9FFAE2FDA7FF6FA8BA" authority="Girault" authorityName="Girault" class="Insecta" family="Encyrtidae" genus="Zaommoencyrtus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="374" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="submicans">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90AEABE4B79FF9FFAE2FDA7FA15A896" box="[1285,1436,620,644]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="374">Z. submicans</emphasis>
|
||
Girault
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
on loan from BNMH and found it a totally different genus with the following important basic differences (characters in brackets are those of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7E4D2F4B79FF9FFDDEFD7FFD73A8DE" box="[569,762,693,716]" class="Insecta" family="Encyrtidae" genus="Zaommoencyrtus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="374" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90AEABE4B79FF9FFDDEFD7FFD73A8DE" box="[569,762,693,716]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="374">Zaommoencyrtus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
): head convex, hypognathos (flattened, prognathos); head clearly longer than wide (slightly wider); occipital margin sharp (rounded); greatest length of eye more than minimum width of frontovertex –1.31× (equal or shorter); eye longer than malar space (shorter); funicle 5- segmented (6-segmented); club 2-segmented (3-segmented); wings bare at basal third (setose); parastigma and stigmal veins greatly swollen (not so); ovipositor with III-valvulae long and with filamentous attachment (IIIvalvulae not so); hypopygium reaching beyond apex of metasoma (reaching two-thirds length of metasoma). Hayat (pers. com.) observed that the species is unique and resembles the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7E4D2F4B79FF9FFC2CFC46FB74A9B7" authority="Blanchard" authorityName="Blanchard" box="[971,1277,908,933]" class="Insecta" family="Encyrtidae" genus="Acerophagoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="374" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90AEABE4B79FF9FFC2CFC46FB09A9B6" box="[971,1152,908,932]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="374">Acerophagoides</emphasis>
|
||
Blanchard
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and it runs to that genus in the key to the Costa Rican genera of the subfamily
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7E4D2F4B79FF9FFC6BFC65FBB9A9DA" box="[908,1072,943,968]" class="Insecta" family="Encyrtidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="374" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Tetracneminae">Tetracneminae</taxonomicName>
|
||
by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFEF4B5D4B79FF9FFB87FC7AFB76A9DA" author="Noyes" box="[1120,1279,944,968]" pageId="5" pageNumber="374" refString="Noyes, J. S. (2000) Encyrtidae of Costa Rica (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea), 1. The subfamily Tetracneminae, parasitoids of mealy bugs (Homoptera: Pseudococcidae). Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute, 62, 1 - 355." type="journal article" year="2000">Noyes (2000)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. Noyes (pers. com.) on placement of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7E4D2F4B79FF9FFE5AFC1EFDFBA9FE" box="[445,626,980,1004]" class="Insecta" family="Encyrtidae" genus="Acerophagoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="374" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90AEABE4B79FF9FFE5AFC1EFDFBA9FE" box="[445,626,980,1004]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="374">Acerophagoides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7E4D2F4B79FF9FFD4FFC1EFCC4A9FF" box="[680,845,980,1005]" class="Insecta" family="Encyrtidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="374" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Tetracneminae">Tetracneminae</taxonomicName>
|
||
observed “… I am not entirely convinced that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7E4D2F4B79FF9FFF70FC32FEC5AE02" box="[151,332,1016,1040]" class="Insecta" family="Encyrtidae" genus="Acerophagoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="374" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90AEABE4B79FF9FFF70FC32FEC5AE02" box="[151,332,1016,1040]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="374">Acerophagoides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is a tetracnemine. Although it superficially looks really close to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7E4D2F4B79FF9FFBD5FC32FB78AE02" box="[1074,1265,1016,1040]" class="Insecta" family="Encyrtidae" genus="Coccidoxenoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="374" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90AEABE4B79FF9FFBD5FC32FB78AE02" box="[1074,1265,1016,1040]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="374">Coccidoxenoides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
[Girault] there are some morphological peculiarities that suggest it may not be closely related and that might place it within the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7E4D2F4B79FF9FFF70FBF5FE9EAE4A" box="[151,279,1087,1112]" class="Insecta" family="Encyrtidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="374" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Encyrtinae">Encyrtinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
.”
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC136AC4B79FF9FFF20FBAEFC12AF8F" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,1437]" pageId="5" pageNumber="374">
|
||
The new genus differs from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7E4D2F4B79FF9FFDE0FBAEFD35AE6E" box="[519,700,1124,1148]" class="Insecta" family="Encyrtidae" genus="Acerophagoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="374" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90AEABE4B79FF9FFDE0FBAEFD35AE6E" box="[519,700,1124,1148]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="374">Acerophagoides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the following characters (characters given in bracket are those of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7E4D2F4B79FF9FFF52FB42FEE3AEB2" box="[181,362,1160,1184]" class="Insecta" family="Encyrtidae" genus="Acerophagoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="374" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90AEABE4B79FF9FFF52FB42FEE3AEB2" box="[181,362,1160,1184]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="374">Acerophagoides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
): head, in frontal view, distinctly elongate, 1.3× as high as wide (head, in frontal view, round or slightly wider than high); clava 2-segmented (3-segmented); maxillary and labial palpi 4- and 3-segmented, respectively (maxillary and labial palpi 2-segmented); pronotum dorsally about one-fifth as long as mesoscutum (pronotum dorsally very short); notaular lines absent (notaular lines present, though not reaching half way to posterior margin); fore wing completely bare behind submarginal vein except for three or four small setae just behind middle of submarginal vein (fore wing setose below submarginal vein); filum spinosum composed of two rows of spines (filum spinosum with one row of spines); host is some insect associated with the fruiting body of wood decaying fungus (hosts are
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7E4D2F4B79FF9FFDE9FA4EFD29AF8F" box="[526,672,1412,1437]" class="Insecta" family="Eriococcidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="374" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Eriococcidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7E4D2F4B79FF9FFD30FA4EFC06AF8F" box="[727,911,1412,1437]" class="Insecta" family="Pseudococcidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="374" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Pseudococcidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |