443 lines
60 KiB
XML
443 lines
60 KiB
XML
<document id="00AAD7889D228A7962A03994B248B8FB" ID-DOI="10.1649/0010-065x-67.3.309" ID-ISSN="1938-4394" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10085477" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="carolina" IM.metadata_approvedBy="carolina" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="carolina" checkinTime="1622480551938" checkinUser="carolina" docAuthor="Peck, Stewart B. & Wynne, J. Judson" docDate="2013" docId="03AB7706FFB13F5F0087FCC0FDAFFD16" docLanguage="en" docName="TheColeopBull.67.3.309-317.pdf.imf" docOrigin="The Coleopterists Bulletin 67 (3)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:0305A7CAC51C960DDA50A7292A4D3620.8:TheColeopBull.2010-2016.journal_article.0cover" docStyleId="0305A7CAC51C960DDA50A7292A4D3620" docStyleName="TheColeopBull.2010-2016.journal_article.0cover" docStyleVersion="8" docTitle="Ptomaphagus parashant Peck and Wynne, new species" docType="treatment" docUuid="5CB2BDA9-97E1-4D49-A07F-8AA0125BBA52" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="315" masterDocId="FF920F7EFFB33F59004FFFF0FFCCFFC6" masterDocTitle="Ptomaphagus Parashant Peck And Wynne, New Species (Coleoptera: Leiodidae: Cholevinae: Ptomaphagini): The Most Troglomorphic Cholevine Beetle Known From Western North America" masterLastPageNumber="317" masterPageNumber="309" pageNumber="311" updateTime="1699477425864" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
|
||
<mods:mods id="D32DB284A33689729F4ED83DB1415D8E" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo id="26517F61DB7F5A0DB664A5FF709C7749">
|
||
<mods:title id="2FC901B075B71B94143553678D13FAD8">Ptomaphagus Parashant Peck And Wynne, New Species (Coleoptera: Leiodidae: Cholevinae: Ptomaphagini): The Most Troglomorphic Cholevine Beetle Known From Western North America</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:name id="6FEF370C5CFDCA57D101B2E6DA2E1F6B" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="956024A0E250DFC72CD2F40A1E934846">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="554568529447382BD266284CBE0E10F0">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="0993F2C5AC11B9B4447F6E37E87AC844">Peck, Stewart B.</mods:namePart>
|
||
<mods:affiliation id="0CB3187DA81243D1233E3CD3D91825F2">Department of Biology, Carleton University Ottawa, ON K 1 S 5 B 6, CANADA</mods:affiliation>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name id="786BD9C4A4B2A0E7496ECE9AEDE82D2C" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="23F7DA30C4268FE61BE09870E310FEA1">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="7B9701D87E5A7E4EC7320E534A6CD2FD">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="121F2B9B022D36AD92AFB4BB6BCD767A">Wynne, J. Judson</mods:namePart>
|
||
<mods:affiliation id="9B3F9510E9B59AA0E125A2F3168B6556">Department of Biological Sciences, Colorado Plateau Biodiversity Center, Colorado Plateau Research Station, Northern Arizona University, Box 5614 Flagstaff, AZ 86011, U. S. A.</mods:affiliation>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:typeOfResource id="538BFDF963447AD8F2CE27CC91631830">text</mods:typeOfResource>
|
||
<mods:relatedItem id="B98586569947C2C3FDBB3782C1D12695" type="host">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo id="E1236369935678C2BC4BA6AFD856A54F">
|
||
<mods:title id="99A775540302872023B4FB9F4B618D36">The Coleopterists Bulletin</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:part id="13AAA0196F32DD218E9BCC6CAEC80692">
|
||
<mods:date id="B3C58C28F9263AEB4A3435AF02082C5D">2013</mods:date>
|
||
<mods:detail id="44341BC4866BE6231E89F2A563B539E6" type="pubDate">
|
||
<mods:number id="C64D73E9735E98641CBD0525B4DA1C9F">2013-09-01</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:detail id="BAC4F08311FC340EB881A8C19B2D132C" type="volume">
|
||
<mods:number id="D603BD0C21292F03F40C81DE7D5059EF">67</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:detail id="BC0D13FA18AD2E44304196B68894E4A5" type="issue">
|
||
<mods:number id="8DBC588B9E8000A004E2A5878BE6CBD3">3</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:extent id="C75357CBBA3D01C85EF0D85977E4641B" unit="page">
|
||
<mods:start id="2EABFEF163C1F28E05A3AC27A042ECB8">309</mods:start>
|
||
<mods:end id="5576BE6ADA537E2A90921E546EF661B3">317</mods:end>
|
||
</mods:extent>
|
||
</mods:part>
|
||
</mods:relatedItem>
|
||
<mods:classification id="8262A230C9E2F7A7CBEAD8B315DF458D">journal article</mods:classification>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="AA1BE13FA42E55F881EB219BEFD0257F" type="DOI">10.1649/0010-065x-67.3.309</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="7F6B474EBBE7184BA2F0CAB5AE3B3282" type="ISSN">1938-4394</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="8800651BA01E8790CFBD368924EE88BB" type="Zenodo-Dep">10085477</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="9190E4E7EE95BD585BE4D2098186A609" type="ZooBank">E35A29B0-9369-4C1E-8328-73524E29E440</mods:identifier>
|
||
</mods:mods>
|
||
<treatment id="03AB7706FFB13F5F0087FCC0FDAFFD16" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:5CB2BDA9-97E1-4D49-A07F-8AA0125BBA52" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03AB7706FFB13F5F0087FCC0FDAFFD16" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="315" pageId="2" pageNumber="311">
|
||
<subSubSection id="C318959BFFB13F5B0087FCC0FE16FC99" pageId="2" pageNumber="311" type="nomenclature">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBDC610FFB13F5B0087FCC0FE16FC99" blockId="2.[200,632,816,890]" pageId="2" pageNumber="311">
|
||
<heading id="D0F5717CFFB13F5B0087FCC0FE16FC99" centered="true" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="2" pageNumber="311" reason="2">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9761A02FFB13F5B0087FCC0FE16FC99" bold="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="311">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C02BD93FFB13F5B0087FCC0FDBFFC83" ID-CoL="6WLPS" authority="Peck and Wynne" authorityName="Peck and Wynne" box="[200,627,816,837]" class="Insecta" family="Leiodidae" genus="Ptomaphagus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="311" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="parashant" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9761A02FFB13F5B0087FCC0FE76FC83" bold="true" box="[200,442,816,837]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="311">Ptomaphagus parashant</emphasis>
|
||
Peck and Wynne
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A245A779FFB13F5B012AFCBAFE16FC99" box="[357,474,842,863]" pageId="2" pageNumber="311" rank="species">new species</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C318959BFFB13F5B0126FC95FE1AFCBC" box="[361,470,868,890]" pageId="2" pageNumber="311" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBDC610FFB13F5B0126FC95FE1AFCBC" blockId="2.[200,632,816,890]" box="[361,470,868,890]" pageId="2" pageNumber="311">
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="1339DA95FFB13F5B013FFC95FE1CFCBC" box="[368,464,868,890]" captionStart-0="Fig" captionStart-1="Fig" captionStart-2="Fig" captionStartId-0="2.[197,229,1710,1729]" captionStartId-1="4.[197,229,1639,1658]" captionStartId-2="4.[197,229,1086,1105]" captionTargetBox-0="[173,1193,1126,1687]" captionTargetBox-2="[173,1195,183,1062]" captionTargetId-0="figure-459@2.[173,1193,1126,1687]" captionTargetId-2="figure-256@4.[173,1195,183,1062]" captionTargetPageId-0="2" captionTargetPageId-2="4" captionText-0="Fig. 2. Ptomaphagus parashant. A) Ventral view, B) Dorsal view, C) Lateral view." captionText-1="Fig. 3. Ptomaphagus parashant. A) Reflected light image of head with unpigmented remnant eye spot, B) Head with no eye remnants, C) Dorsal view with elytra open showing no detectable flight wings, D) Antennae; all segments are actually uniformly pale brown in color in reflected light, yet differences here in “illumination” of the apical flagellomeres are due to differential sputter coating during specimen preparation prior to capturing SEM imagery." captionText-2="Fig. 4. Ptomaphagus parashant. A) Antenna of allotype male, B) Right metathoracic leg of allotype male, view of ventral surface, C) Elytral tips of holotype female, D) Elytral tips of paratype male, E) Dorsal surface of aedeagal tip of paratype male, F) Spermatheca of holotype female. Scale bar = 0.5 mm for A, 1.0 mm for B, C, and D, 0.4 mm for E, and 0.3 mm for F." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10085481" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10085483" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/10085481/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/10085483/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="311">Figs. 2–4</figureCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C318959BFFB13F5B008AFC7FFC7FFE27" pageId="2" pageNumber="311" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBDC610FFB13F5B008AFC7FFC7FFE27" blockId="2.[173,660,911,1065]" lastBlockId="2.[707,1194,194,1065]" pageId="2" pageNumber="311">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9761A02FFB13F5B008AFC7FFEA2FC62" bold="true" box="[197,366,911,932]" pageId="2" pageNumber="311">Type Specimens.</emphasis>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B6ACC4DFFB13F5B0133FC7FFBF7FEE1" collectingDate="2011-09-02" collectionCode="CMN" collectorName="Type & J. J. Wynne & Our" country="Canada" county="Mohave County" latitude="36.65" location="Ottawa" longLatPrecision="1186" longitude="-113.61667" municipality="Canadian Museum of Nature" pageId="2" pageNumber="311" specimenCount="5" stateProvince="Arizona" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||
<typeStatus id="54B978B2FFB13F5B0133FC7FFE17FC62" box="[380,475,911,932]" pageId="2" pageNumber="311" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
female and
|
||
<typeStatus id="54B978B2FFB13F5B022BFC7FFF14FC79" pageId="2" pageNumber="311" type="allotype">allotype</typeStatus>
|
||
male deposited in
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="6BD95C6AFFB13F5B01E0FC5AFF3DFC1F" pageId="2" pageNumber="311">Canadian Museum of Nature</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED135ED5FFB13F5B014EFC34FEF2FC1F" box="[257,318,964,985]" country="Canada" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34935" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34935" name="Canadian Museum of Nature" pageId="2" pageNumber="311" type="Museum">CMN</collectionCode>
|
||
),
|
||
<location id="8EDD90CBFFB13F5B011CFC34FE51FC1F" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03AB7706FFB13F5F0087FCC0FDAFFD16:8EDD90CBFFB13F5B011CFC34FE51FC1F" box="[339,413,964,985]" country="Canada" county="Mohave County" latitude="36.65" longLatPrecision="1186" longitude="-113.61667" municipality="Canadian Museum of Nature" name="Ottawa" pageId="2" pageNumber="311" stateProvince="Arizona">Ottawa</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3158680FFB13F5B01E5FC34FE34FC1F" box="[426,504,964,985]" name="Canada" pageId="2" pageNumber="311">Canada</collectingCountry>
|
||
. Type locality: USA,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49C608F2FFB13F5B00A6FC2FFEF9FC32" box="[233,309,991,1012]" country="United States of America" name="Arizona" pageId="2" pageNumber="311">Arizona</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCounty id="62DCBE9CFFB13F5B010FFC2FFE14FC32" box="[320,472,991,1012]" pageId="2" pageNumber="311">Mohave County</collectingCounty>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="8EDD90CBFFB13F5B01ABFC2FFEDAFBC9" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03AB7706FFB13F5F0087FCC0FDAFFD16:8EDD90CBFFB13F5B01ABFC2FFEDAFBC9" country="Canada" county="Mohave County" latitude="36.65" longLatPrecision="1186" longitude="-113.61667" municipality="Canadian Museum of Nature" name="Parashant National Monument" pageId="2" pageNumber="311" stateProvince="Arizona">Parashant National Monument</location>
|
||
, PARA-1001 cave,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE36A0D7FFB13F5B019CFC0AFDEDFBC9" box="[467,545,1017,1039]" degrees="36" direction="north" minutes="39" orientation="latitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="311" precision="925" value="36.65">N36°39′</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE36A0D7FFB13F5B0260FC0AFD41FBC9" box="[559,653,1017,1039]" degrees="113" direction="west" minutes="37" orientation="longitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="311" precision="925" value="-113.61667">W113°37′</geoCoordinate>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectorName id="26F7A3C6FFB13F5B00E2FBE4FF11FBEF" box="[173,221,1044,1065]" pageId="2" pageNumber="311">Type</collectorName>
|
||
label data: female
|
||
<typeStatus id="54B978B2FFB13F5B01ECFBE4FE37FBEF" box="[419,507,1044,1065]" pageId="2" pageNumber="311" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
;
|
||
<date id="FFBCE0D0FFB13F5B0247FBE4FDABFBEF" box="[520,615,1044,1065]" pageId="2" pageNumber="311" value="2011-09-02">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFF81938FFB13F5B0247FBE4FDABFBEF" box="[520,615,1044,1065]" pageId="2" pageNumber="311" value="2011-09-02">2.ix.2011</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="26F7A3C6FFB13F5B023BFBE4FCC6FF11" box="[628,778,194,1065]" pageId="2" pageNumber="311">J.J. Wynne</collectorName>
|
||
, sweet potato bait #4, site 2, deep zone; and male
|
||
<typeStatus id="54B978B2FFB13F5B0364FF2DFCB1FF34" box="[811,893,221,242]" pageId="2" pageNumber="311" type="allotype">allotype</typeStatus>
|
||
, same area but chicken liver bait #1.
|
||
<collectorName id="26F7A3C6FFB13F5B036AFF07FC80FECA" box="[805,844,247,268]" pageId="2" pageNumber="311">Our</collectorName>
|
||
red label states “
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C02BD93FFB13F5B0454FF07FC05FEE1" authority="Peck & Wynne" authorityName="Peck & Wynne" authorityYear="2013" class="Insecta" family="Leiodidae" genus="Ptomaphagus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="311" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="parashant">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9761A02FFB13F5B0454FF07FCE9FEE1" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="311">Ptomaphagus parashant</emphasis>
|
||
Peck & Wynne
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<typeStatus id="54B978B2FFB13F5B0399FEE2FBE2FEE1" box="[982,1070,274,295]" pageId="2" pageNumber="311" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
.”
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B6ACC4DFFB13F5B040AFEE2FC62FE27" collectingDate="2011-09-02" collectionCode="CMN" collectorName="Type & J. J. Wynne & Our" country="United States of America" county="Los Angeles County" latitude="36.65" location="Los Angeles County Museum" longLatPrecision="1186" longitude="-113.61667" municipality="National Museum of Natural History" pageId="2" pageNumber="311" specimenCount="2" stateProvince="California" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
<typeStatus id="54B978B2FFB13F5B040AFEE2FB69FEE1" box="[1093,1189,274,295]" pageId="2" pageNumber="311" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
, all with yellow
|
||
<typeStatus id="54B978B2FFB13F5B032EFEDCFC78FE87" box="[865,948,300,321]" pageId="2" pageNumber="311" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
labels, seven with same locality data and five from site 2, direct intuitive searching, and two from “sweet potato bait #4” are deposited at the
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED135ED5FFB13F5B03E5FE8CFC2AFE57" box="[938,998,380,401]" country="Canada" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34935" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34935" name="Canadian Museum of Nature" pageId="2" pageNumber="311" type="Museum">CMN</collectionCode>
|
||
, the
|
||
<location id="8EDD90CBFFB13F5B046DFE8CFCA9FE6A" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03AB7706FFB13F5F0087FCC0FDAFFD16:8EDD90CBFFB13F5B046DFE8CFCA9FE6A" country="United States of America" county="Los Angeles County" municipality="National Museum of Natural History" name="Los Angeles County Museum" pageId="2" pageNumber="311" stateProvince="California">
|
||
<collectingCounty id="62DCBE9CFFB13F5B046DFE8CFCC5FE6A" pageId="2" pageNumber="311">
|
||
Los Angeles
|
||
<location id="8EDD90CBFFB13F5B028CFE67FCC5FE6A" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03AB7706FFB13F5F0087FCC0FDAFFD16:8EDD90CBFFB13F5B028CFE67FCC5FE6A" box="[707,777,407,428]" country="United States of America" county="Los Angeles County" municipality="National Museum of Natural History" name="County Museum" pageId="2" pageNumber="311" stateProvince="California">County</location>
|
||
</collectingCounty>
|
||
Museum
|
||
</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49C608F2FFB13F5B0320FE67FC01FE6A" box="[879,973,407,428]" country="United States of America" name="California" pageId="2" pageNumber="311">California</collectingRegion>
|
||
<location id="8EDD90CBFFB13F5B039AFE67FB6AFE6A" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03AB7706FFB13F5F0087FCC0FDAFFD16:8EDD90CBFFB13F5B039AFE67FB6AFE6A" box="[981,1190,407,428]" country="United States of America" county="Los Angeles County" municipality="National Museum of Natural History" name="Academy of Sciences" pageId="2" pageNumber="311" stateProvince="California">Academy of Sciences</location>
|
||
, and the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3158680FFB13F5B035DFE41FCF1FE00" box="[786,829,433,454]" name="United States of America" pageId="2" pageNumber="311">U.S.</collectingCountry>
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="6BD95C6AFFB13F5B030BFE41FB65FE00" box="[836,1193,433,454]" pageId="2" pageNumber="311">National Museum of Natural History</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
(Smithsonian Institution)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C318959BFFB13F5B0294FE16FCE6FD73" pageId="2" pageNumber="311" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBDC610FFB13F5B0294FE16FCE6FD73" blockId="2.[707,1194,194,1065]" pageId="2" pageNumber="311">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9761A02FFB13F5B0294FE16FC88FE3D" bold="true" box="[731,836,486,507]" pageId="2" pageNumber="311">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
|
||
The species is characterized by its smoothly surfaced and weakly faceted eye which is reduced to a horizontal diameter of less than the distance from the front margin of the eye to the posterior edge of the antennal insertion, its elongated antennae, the shape of the female spermatheca, and the different elytral tips of the two sexes.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C318959BFFB13F5C0294FD4BFE9AFE27" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="314" pageId="2" pageNumber="311" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBDC610FFB13F5C0294FD4BFD99FE87" blockId="2.[707,1194,194,1065]" lastBlockId="5.[151,639,194,1729]" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="314" pageId="2" pageNumber="311">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9761A02FFB13F5B0294FD4BFC9BFD16" bold="true" box="[731,855,699,720]" pageId="2" pageNumber="311">Description.</emphasis>
|
||
Length 3.0 mm from front of clypeus to tip of elytra. Width
|
||
<quantity id="4CFA6BF5FFB13F5B0440FD25FB93FD2C" box="[1039,1119,725,746]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="2" pageNumber="311" unit="mm" value="1.2">1.2 mm</quantity>
|
||
across widest part of body, about 1/3 of the way down on the elytra. Color somewhat pale chestnut brown (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1339DA95FFB13F5B0340FCD5FC87FCFC" box="[783,843,805,826]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="2.[197,229,1710,1729]" captionTargetBox="[173,1193,1126,1687]" captionTargetId="figure-459@2.[173,1193,1126,1687]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig. 2. Ptomaphagus parashant. A) Ventral view, B) Dorsal view, C) Lateral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10085481" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10085481/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="311">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
). Head finely punctured and pubescent. Eyes reduced, facet remnants only weakly distinguishable and numbering about 25, eye surface nearly smooth (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1339DA95FFB13F5B03D8FC85FC19FC4C" box="[919,981,885,906]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="4.[197,229,1639,1658]" captionText="Fig. 3. Ptomaphagus parashant. A) Reflected light image of head with unpigmented remnant eye spot, B) Head with no eye remnants, C) Dorsal view with elytra open showing no detectable flight wings, D) Antennae; all segments are actually uniformly pale brown in color in reflected light, yet differences here in “illumination” of the apical flagellomeres are due to differential sputter coating during specimen preparation prior to capturing SEM imagery." pageId="2" pageNumber="311">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
A-B); eye horizontal diameter about 0.8 times (range 0.70–0.85) the distance from the anterior eye edge to the point of antennal insertion; eye surface appearing pale in color (cuticle without pigment) with reflected light. Antenna (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1339DA95FFB13F5B032BFC0AFC73FBC9" box="[868,959,1018,1039]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="4.[197,229,1639,1658]" captionText="Fig. 3. Ptomaphagus parashant. A) Reflected light image of head with unpigmented remnant eye spot, B) Head with no eye remnants, C) Dorsal view with elytra open showing no detectable flight wings, D) Antennae; all segments are actually uniformly pale brown in color in reflected light, yet differences here in “illumination” of the apical flagellomeres are due to differential sputter coating during specimen preparation prior to capturing SEM imagery." pageId="2" pageNumber="311">Figs. 3D</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="1339DA95FFB13F5B0382FC0AFC20FBC9" box="[973,1004,1018,1039]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="4.[197,229,1086,1105]" captionTargetBox="[173,1195,183,1062]" captionTargetId="figure-256@4.[173,1195,183,1062]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Fig. 4. Ptomaphagus parashant. A) Antenna of allotype male, B) Right metathoracic leg of allotype male, view of ventral surface, C) Elytral tips of holotype female, D) Elytral tips of paratype male, E) Dorsal surface of aedeagal tip of paratype male, F) Spermatheca of holotype female. Scale bar = 0.5 mm for A, 1.0 mm for B, C, and D, 0.4 mm for E, and 0.3 mm for F." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10085483" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10085483/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="311">4A</figureCitation>
|
||
) elongate, extending to first quarter of elytra when laid back; segment III longer than II, segments IV-V similar, VI shorter, segments VII, IX, and X nearly equal in length and progressively slightly wider, segment VIII 3 times wider than long. Pronotum transversely striate, wider than long, widest at base, hind angles weakly acuminate. Elytra obliquely striate, about 4 times longer than broad; female apex drawn out (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1339DA95FFB73F5D0127FA7EFE71FA65" box="[360,445,1422,1443]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="4.[197,229,1086,1105]" captionTargetBox="[173,1195,183,1062]" captionTargetId="figure-256@4.[173,1195,183,1062]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Fig. 4. Ptomaphagus parashant. A) Antenna of allotype male, B) Right metathoracic leg of allotype male, view of ventral surface, C) Elytral tips of holotype female, D) Elytral tips of paratype male, E) Dorsal surface of aedeagal tip of paratype male, F) Spermatheca of holotype female. Scale bar = 0.5 mm for A, 1.0 mm for B, C, and D, 0.4 mm for E, and 0.3 mm for F." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10085483" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10085483/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="313">Fig. 4C</figureCitation>
|
||
), male hind margin obliquely truncate, and somewhat drawn out at tip (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1339DA95FFB73F5D0099FA33FEE4FA1E" box="[214,296,1475,1496]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="4.[197,229,1086,1105]" captionTargetBox="[173,1195,183,1062]" captionTargetId="figure-256@4.[173,1195,183,1062]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Fig. 4. Ptomaphagus parashant. A) Antenna of allotype male, B) Right metathoracic leg of allotype male, view of ventral surface, C) Elytral tips of holotype female, D) Elytral tips of paratype male, E) Dorsal surface of aedeagal tip of paratype male, F) Spermatheca of holotype female. Scale bar = 0.5 mm for A, 1.0 mm for B, C, and D, 0.4 mm for E, and 0.3 mm for F." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10085483" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10085483/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="313">Fig. 4D</figureCitation>
|
||
). Wings reduced, variable, no venation observed; length about 3/5 length of elytra in some specimens and seemingly absent in others. Mesosternal notch weakly developed; mesosternal carina anteriorly nearly flush with mesosternum, gradually becoming higher to its rounded termination between middle legs. Legs elongate (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1339DA95FFB73F5D041AFAD3FB52FAFE" box="[1109,1182,1315,1336]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="4.[197,229,1086,1105]" captionTargetBox="[173,1195,183,1062]" captionTargetId="figure-256@4.[173,1195,183,1062]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Fig. 4. Ptomaphagus parashant. A) Antenna of allotype male, B) Right metathoracic leg of allotype male, view of ventral surface, C) Elytral tips of holotype female, D) Elytral tips of paratype male, E) Dorsal surface of aedeagal tip of paratype male, F) Spermatheca of holotype female. Scale bar = 0.5 mm for A, 1.0 mm for B, C, and D, 0.4 mm for E, and 0.3 mm for F." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10085483" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10085483/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="313">Fig. 4B</figureCitation>
|
||
); male protarsi wider in basal segments than in female; all male protarsal segments longer than wide; first male protarsal segment 2.5 times larger than second and third; metafemur 4.62 times longer than wide; metatibia 12 times longer than at its widest; metatarsi all longer than wide, first segment 2.5 times longer than second and third. Aedeagus typical; parameres ending before aedeagal orifice, with 2 nearly terminal setae; stylet thin, elongate, gently sinuous; tip (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1339DA95FFB63F5C0101FF2DFE5FFF34" box="[334,403,221,242]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="4.[197,229,1086,1105]" captionTargetBox="[173,1195,183,1062]" captionTargetId="figure-256@4.[173,1195,183,1062]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Fig. 4. Ptomaphagus parashant. A) Antenna of allotype male, B) Right metathoracic leg of allotype male, view of ventral surface, C) Elytral tips of holotype female, D) Elytral tips of paratype male, E) Dorsal surface of aedeagal tip of paratype male, F) Spermatheca of holotype female. Scale bar = 0.5 mm for A, 1.0 mm for B, C, and D, 0.4 mm for E, and 0.3 mm for F." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10085483" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10085483/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="314">Fig. 4E</figureCitation>
|
||
) in dorsal view gradually narrowing to apex. Spermatheca (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1339DA95FFB63F5C01BCFF07FD8CFECA" box="[499,576,247,268]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="4.[197,229,1086,1105]" captionTargetBox="[173,1195,183,1062]" captionTargetId="figure-256@4.[173,1195,183,1062]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Fig. 4. Ptomaphagus parashant. A) Antenna of allotype male, B) Right metathoracic leg of allotype male, view of ventral surface, C) Elytral tips of holotype female, D) Elytral tips of paratype male, E) Dorsal surface of aedeagal tip of paratype male, F) Spermatheca of holotype female. Scale bar = 0.5 mm for A, 1.0 mm for B, C, and D, 0.4 mm for E, and 0.3 mm for F." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10085483" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10085483/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="314">Fig. 4F</figureCitation>
|
||
) with twisting central shaft, swollen apically and distally, slight raised crest at anatomically anterior end.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF7D9698FFB13F5B008AF95EFC69F907" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10085481" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10085481" box="[197,933,1710,1729]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10085481/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="311" startId="2.[197,229,1710,1729]" targetBox="[173,1193,1126,1687]" targetPageId="2">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBDC610FFB13F5B008AF95EFC69F907" blockId="2.[197,933,1710,1729]" box="[197,933,1710,1729]" pageId="2" pageNumber="311">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9761A02FFB13F5B008AF95EFECDF907" bold="true" box="[197,257,1710,1729]" pageId="2" pageNumber="311">Fig. 2.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C02BD93FFB13F5B0159F95EFE24F906" authorityName="Peck & Wynne" authorityYear="2013" box="[278,488,1710,1728]" class="Insecta" family="Leiodidae" genus="Ptomaphagus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="311" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="parashant">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9761A02FFB13F5B0159F95EFE24F906" box="[278,488,1710,1728]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="311">Ptomaphagus parashant</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. A) Ventral view, B) Dorsal view, C) Lateral view.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF7D9698FFB73F5D008AFBCEFE40FB5F" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10085483" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10085483" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10085483/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="313" startId="4.[197,229,1086,1105]" targetBox="[173,1195,183,1062]" targetPageId="4">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBDC610FFB73F5D008AFBCEFE40FB5F" blockId="4.[173,1193,1086,1177]" pageId="4" pageNumber="313">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9761A02FFB73F5D008AFBCEFECEFB97" bold="true" box="[197,258,1086,1105]" pageId="4" pageNumber="313">Fig. 4.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C02BD93FFB73F5D0158FBCEFE25FB96" authorityName="Peck & Wynne" authorityYear="2013" box="[279,489,1086,1104]" class="Insecta" family="Leiodidae" genus="Ptomaphagus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="313" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="parashant">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9761A02FFB73F5D0158FBCEFE25FB96" box="[279,489,1086,1104]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="313">Ptomaphagus parashant</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. A) Antenna of allotype male, B) Right metathoracic leg of allotype male, view of ventral surface, C) Elytral tips of holotype female, D) Elytral tips of paratype male, E) Dorsal surface of aedeagal tip of paratype male, F) Spermatheca of holotype female. Scale bar = 0.5 mm for A, 1.0 mm for B, C, and D, 0.4 mm for E, and 0.3 mm for F.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF7D9698FFB73F5D008AF997FB5FF907" pageId="4" pageNumber="313" startId="4.[197,229,1639,1658]">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBDC610FFB73F5D008AF997FB5FF907" blockId="4.[173,1193,1639,1729]" pageId="4" pageNumber="313">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9761A02FFB73F5D008AF997FECDF9BC" bold="true" box="[197,257,1639,1658]" pageId="4" pageNumber="313">Fig. 3.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C02BD93FFB73F5D0158F997FE25F9BF" authorityName="Peck & Wynne" authorityYear="2013" box="[279,489,1639,1657]" class="Insecta" family="Leiodidae" genus="Ptomaphagus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="313" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="parashant">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9761A02FFB73F5D0158F997FE25F9BF" box="[279,489,1639,1657]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="313">Ptomaphagus parashant</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. A) Reflected light image of head with unpigmented remnant eye spot, B) Head with no eye remnants, C) Dorsal view with elytra open showing no detectable flight wings, D) Antennae; all segments are actually uniformly pale brown in color in reflected light, yet differences here in “illumination” of the apical flagellomeres are due to differential sputter coating during specimen preparation prior to capturing SEM imagery.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBDC610FFB63F5C00E0FEB7FE9AFE27" blockId="5.[151,639,194,1729]" pageId="5" pageNumber="314">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9761A02FFB63F5C00E0FEB7FED8FE9A" bold="true" box="[175,276,327,348]" pageId="5" pageNumber="314">Variation.</emphasis>
|
||
The only noted variation is in the size of the eye, which is more reduced in some specimens than others, and the seemingly variable state of the reduction of the flight wings (the elytra were not spread on most specimens to look for wing remnants).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C318959BFFB63F5C00E0FE16FBC0FECA" pageId="5" pageNumber="314" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBDC610FFB63F5C00E0FE16FE75FD73" blockId="5.[151,639,194,1729]" pageId="5" pageNumber="314">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9761A02FFB63F5C00E0FE16FEEEFE3D" bold="true" box="[175,290,486,507]" pageId="5" pageNumber="314">Etymology.</emphasis>
|
||
The species name,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C02BD93FFB63F5C01B8FE16FD91FE3D" authorityName="Peck & Wynne" authorityYear="2013" box="[503,605,486,507]" class="Insecta" family="Leiodidae" genus="Ptomaphagus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="314" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="parashant">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9761A02FFB63F5C01B8FE16FD91FE3D" box="[503,605,486,507]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="314">parashant</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, is used as a noun in apposition and was used because it is the name of the national monument where this species occurs. This monument is named for both the Grand Canyon, which is due south, and Parashant Canyon, which is one of the major canyons draining into the
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49C608F2FFB63F5C026BFD76FDB2FD5D" box="[548,638,646,667]" country="United States of America" name="Colorado" pageId="5" pageNumber="314">Colorado</collectingRegion>
|
||
River of the Grand Canyon.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBDC610FFB63F5C00E0FD4BFE26FC32" blockId="5.[151,639,194,1729]" pageId="5" pageNumber="314">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9761A02FFB63F5C00E0FD4BFE7DFD16" bold="true" box="[175,433,699,720]" pageId="5" pageNumber="314">Study Area and Habitat.</emphasis>
|
||
Located in northwestern
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49C608F2FFB63F5C00B6FD25FE98FD2C" box="[249,340,725,746]" country="United States of America" name="Arizona" pageId="5" pageNumber="314">Arizona</collectingRegion>
|
||
, Grand Canyon-Parashant National Monument encompasses approximately
|
||
<quantity id="4CFA6BF5FFB63F5C00D8FCFAFF30FCD9" box="[151,252,778,799]" metricMagnitude="6" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.451" pageId="5" pageNumber="314" unit="km" value="4451.0">4,451 km</quantity>
|
||
<superScript id="7C776B58FFB63F5C00B2FCF5FECAFCD5" attach="left" box="[253,262,773,787]" fontSize="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="314">2</superScript>
|
||
and occurs at the convergence of two geological provinces (Basin and Range and
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49C608F2FFB63F5C00D8FCB0FF3DFC93" box="[151,241,832,853]" country="United States of America" name="Colorado" pageId="5" pageNumber="314">Colorado</collectingRegion>
|
||
Plateau). The monument is characterized by rugged terrain containing deeply incised canyons, mesas, and mountains. Vegetation zones include plants characteristic of the Mojave Desert at lower elevations, grading through grassland and juniper shrubland to ponderosa pine forest on Mt. Trumbull (elevation
|
||
<quantity id="4CFA6BF5FFB63F5C01C4FC2FFE13FC32" box="[395,479,991,1012]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.447" pageId="5" pageNumber="314" unit="m" value="2447.0">2,447 m</quantity>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBDC610FFB63F5C00E0FC0AFBC0FECA" blockId="5.[151,639,194,1729]" lastBlockId="5.[685,1172,194,848]" pageId="5" pageNumber="314">
|
||
The
|
||
<typeStatus id="54B978B2FFB63F5C00AEFC0AFEC1FBC9" box="[225,269,1018,1039]" pageId="5" pageNumber="314">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality for this leiodid species is PARA-1001. This cave is a small solution cave in the Kaibab limestone and has little secondary calcite deposition. Its total surveyed length and depth is
|
||
<quantity id="4CFA6BF5FFB63F5C00BBFB94FEF1FBBF" box="[244,317,1124,1145]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.62" pageId="5" pageNumber="314" unit="m" value="76.2">76.2 m</quantity>
|
||
and
|
||
<quantity id="4CFA6BF5FFB63F5C0139FB94FE0EFBBF" box="[374,450,1124,1145]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.04" pageId="5" pageNumber="314" unit="m" value="10.4">10.4 m</quantity>
|
||
, respectively. The cave has a small south-facing vertical entrance in the bottom of a large sinkhole. The cave occurs within juniper scrublands at
|
||
<quantity id="4CFA6BF5FFB63F5C01F0FB44FDDFFB0F" box="[447,531,1204,1225]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.585" pageId="5" pageNumber="314" unit="m" value="1585.0">1,585 m</quantity>
|
||
elevation. Specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C02BD93FFB63F5C0164FB3EFE6BFB25" authorityName="Peck & Wynne" authorityYear="2013" box="[299,423,1230,1251]" class="Insecta" family="Leiodidae" genus="Ptomaphagus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="314" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="parashant">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9761A02FFB63F5C0164FB3EFE6BFB25" box="[299,423,1230,1251]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="314">P. parashant</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
were collected from the lower level (or Site 2;
|
||
<figureCitation id="1339DA95FFB63F5C01DBFB19FE07FB38" box="[404,459,1257,1278]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="1.[175,207,1539,1558]" captionTargetBox="[151,1171,194,1516]" captionTargetId="figure-59@1.[151,1171,194,1516]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="Fig. 1. Map of PARA-1001 cave with plotted locations for bait sampling and direct intuitive searches. Ptomaphagus parashant was detected only in the lower level (or Site 2)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10085479" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10085479/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="314">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
) within the cave’ s deep (dark) zone. The deep zone environment is completely dark and characterized by relatively stable temperature, relatively constant water saturated atmosphere, and often limited to no airflow (
|
||
<emphasis id="B9761A02FFB63F5C00D0FA9EFF70FA45" box="[159,188,1390,1411]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="314">e.g</emphasis>
|
||
.,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF93BBE1FFB63F5C009BFA9EFEABFA45" author="Howarth" box="[212,359,1390,1411]" pageId="5" pageNumber="314" pagination="394 - 406" refId="ref4604" refString="Howarth, F. G. 1980. The zoogeography of specialized cave animals: a bioclimatic model. Evolution 34: 394 - 406." type="journal article" year="1980">Howarth 1980</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF93BBE1FFB63F5C0139FA9EFE66FA45" author="Howarth" box="[374,426,1390,1411]" pageId="5" pageNumber="314" pagination="17 - 26" refId="ref4630" refString="Howarth, F. G. 1982. Bioclimatic and geological factors governing the evolution and distribution of Hawaiian cave insects. Entomologia Generalis 8: 17 - 26." type="journal article" year="1982">1982</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; Howarth and Stone 1990). This cave supports the largest known camel or cave cricket den (population>1,000 individuals) in
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49C608F2FFB63F5C0170FA4DFE5DFA14" box="[319,401,1469,1490]" country="United States of America" name="Arizona" pageId="5" pageNumber="314">Arizona</collectingRegion>
|
||
(Wynne, unpublished data). This population of crickets provides a significant nutrient loading into the cave via cricket guano, cricket eggs and nymphs, as well as deceased individuals at various life stages. In other regions, the ecological importance of cave crickets is well documented (
|
||
<emphasis id="B9761A02FFB63F5C019AF9ADFE3EF9B4" box="[469,498,1629,1650]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="314">e.g</emphasis>
|
||
.,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF93BBE1FFB63F5C0243F9ADFDB6F9B4" author="Barr" box="[524,634,1629,1650]" pageId="5" pageNumber="314" pagination="475 - 491" refId="ref4232" refString="Barr, T. C., Jr. 1967. Observations on the ecology of caves. American Naturalist 101: 475 - 491." type="journal article" year="1967">Barr 1967</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF93BBE1FFB63F5C00D8F987FEEFF94A" author="Howarth" box="[151,291,1655,1676]" pageId="5" pageNumber="314" pagination="365 - 389" refId="ref4660" refString="Howarth, F. G. 1983. Ecology of cave arthropods. Annual Review of Entomology 28: 365 - 389." type="journal article" year="1983">Howarth 1983</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF93BBE1FFB63F5C0161F987FE68F94A" author="Taylor" box="[302,420,1655,1676]" pageId="5" pageNumber="314" pagination="45 - 49" refId="ref5081" refString="Taylor, S. J. 2003. America, North: Biospeleology [pp. 45 - 49]. In: Encyclopedia of Caves and Karst Science (J. Gunn, editor). Fitzroy Dearborn, New York, NY." type="book chapter" year="2003">Taylor 2003</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF93BBE1FFB63F5C01E1F987FDEBF94A" author="Culver" box="[430,551,1655,1676]" pageId="5" pageNumber="314" pagination="539 - 543" refId="ref4398" refString="Culver, D. C. 2005. Species interactions [pp. 539 - 543]. In: Encyclopedia of Caves (D. C. Culver and W. B. White, editors). Elsevier, Burlington, Massachusetts." type="book chapter" year="2005">Culver 2005</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF93BBE1FFB63F5C027CF987FF06F961" author="Poulson" pageId="5" pageNumber="314" pagination="255 - 264" refId="ref5036" refString="Poulson, T. L. 2005. Food sources [pp. 255 - 264]. In: Encyclopedia of Caves (D. C. Culver and W. B. White, editors). Elsevier, Burlington, MA." type="book chapter" year="2005">Poulson 2005</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). We suggest it is equally important for both this ecosystem as well as this new species. Cricket guano and dead crickets undoubtedly serve as substrates for the growth of bacteria and fungi (a food source for leiodid beetles).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C318959BFFB63F5C028AFEE2FC3EFD8E" pageId="5" pageNumber="314" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBDC610FFB63F5C028AFEE2FC3EFD8E" blockId="5.[685,1172,194,848]" pageId="5" pageNumber="314">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9761A02FFB63F5C028AFEE2FC8FFEE1" bold="true" box="[709,835,274,295]" pageId="5" pageNumber="314">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C02BD93FFB63F5C031FFEE2FBF4FEE1" authorityName="Peck & Wynne" authorityYear="2013" box="[848,1080,274,295]" class="Insecta" family="Leiodidae" genus="Ptomaphagus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="314" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="parashant">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9761A02FFB63F5C031FFEE2FBF4FEE1" box="[848,1080,274,295]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="314">Ptomaphagus parashant</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is known from only one locality in northwestern
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49C608F2FFB63F5C047DFEDCFBB3FE87" box="[1074,1151,300,321]" country="United States of America" name="Arizona" pageId="5" pageNumber="314">Arizona</collectingRegion>
|
||
– on the north side of the lower
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49C608F2FFB63F5C0399FEB6FBE2FE9D" box="[982,1070,326,347]" country="United States of America" name="Colorado" pageId="5" pageNumber="314">Colorado</collectingRegion>
|
||
River and along the western extent of the Grand Canyon. JW and others have sampled 13 of the largest known caves in PARA for cavernicolous arthropods (Wynne, unpublished data); three of these caves are within a 9.7-km radius of PARA-1001. This new species was detected in only one cave, PARA-1001. Given this, we suggest that this new species represents a narrow-range endemic and may be endemic to this cave only.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C318959BFFB63F5F028AFDBEFDAFFD16" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="315" pageId="5" pageNumber="314" type="key">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBDC610FFB63F5C028AFDBEFCD9FC96" blockId="5.[685,1172,194,848]" pageId="5" pageNumber="314">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9761A02FFB63F5C028AFDBEFCAEFDA5" bold="true" box="[709,866,590,611]" pageId="5" pageNumber="314">Key to Species.</emphasis>
|
||
In an earlier key to the species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C02BD93FFB63F5C034AFD98FBE9FDBB" ID-CoL="8VS2G" authority="(Peck 1973)" baseAuthorityName="Peck" baseAuthorityYear="1973" box="[773,1061,616,637]" class="Insecta" family="Leiodidae" genus="Ptomaphagus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="314" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9761A02FFB63F5C034AFD98FC5EFDBB" box="[773,914,616,637]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="314">Ptomaphagus</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF93BBE1FFB63F5C03E9FD98FBD2FDBB" author="Peck" box="[934,1054,616,637]" pageId="5" pageNumber="314" pagination="29 - 162" refId="ref4804" refString="Peck, S. B. 1973. A systematic revision and the evolutionary biology of the Ptomaphagus (Adelops) beetles of North America (Coleoptera: Leiodidae: Catopinae) with emphasis on cave-inhabiting species. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology 145 (2): 29 - 162." type="journal article" year="1973">Peck 1973</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, this species fits into a modified couplet 1a: with eyes unpigmented and greatly reduced (never entirely absent), with a diameter of less than the distance between the anterior eye margin and the edge of the antennal insertion; and being cavemodified and cave-adapted (a troglobite). This would lead to couplet 2, which can be modified as follows:
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBDC610FFB63F5C02E2FC9AFB58FCB9" blockId="5.[685,1172,874,1018]" box="[685,1172,874,895]" pageId="5" pageNumber="314">
|
||
2a. Troglobites in caves in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3158680FFB63F5C0380FC9AFBDBFCB9" box="[975,1047,874,895]" name="Mexico" pageId="5" pageNumber="314">Mexico</collectingCountry>
|
||
..................3
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBDC610FFB63F5C02E2FC7DFB58FC64" blockId="5.[685,1172,874,1018]" box="[685,1172,909,930]" pageId="5" pageNumber="314">
|
||
2b. Troglobites in caves in the eastern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3158680FFB63F5C041DFC7DFB58FC64" box="[1106,1172,909,930]" name="United States of America" pageId="5" pageNumber="314">United</collectingCountry>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBDC610FFB63F5C02A6FC58FB58FC7B" blockId="5.[685,1172,874,1018]" box="[745,1172,936,957]" pageId="5" pageNumber="314">States.........................................................4</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBDC610FFB63F5C02E2FC3AFB58FC19" blockId="5.[685,1172,874,1018]" box="[685,1172,970,991]" pageId="5" pageNumber="314">
|
||
2c. Troglobites in caves elsewhere: in NW
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49C608F2FFB63F5C0404FC3AFB58FC19" box="[1099,1172,970,991]" country="United States of America" name="Arizona" pageId="5" pageNumber="314">Arizona</collectingRegion>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBDC610FFB63F5C02A1FC15FB58FC3C" blockId="5.[685,1172,874,1018]" box="[750,1172,996,1018]" pageId="5" pageNumber="314">
|
||
............
|
||
<emphasis id="B9761A02FFB63F5C037DFC14FB58FC3C" bold="true" box="[818,1172,996,1018]" pageId="5" pageNumber="314">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C02BD93FFB63F5C037DFC14FBDAFC3F" ID-CoL="6WLPS" authorityName="Peck & Wynne" authorityYear="2013" box="[818,1046,996,1017]" class="Insecta" family="Leiodidae" genus="Ptomaphagus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="314" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="parashant" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9761A02FFB63F5C037DFC14FBDAFC3F" bold="true" box="[818,1046,996,1017]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="314">Ptomaphagus parashant</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A245A779FFB63F5C046BFC15FB58FC3C" box="[1060,1172,997,1018]" pageId="5" pageNumber="314" rank="species">new species</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBDC610FFB63F5F028AFBE4FE0FFE3D" blockId="5.[685,1173,1044,1729]" lastBlockId="6.[173,660,194,720]" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="315" pageId="5" pageNumber="314">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9761A02FFB63F5C028AFBE4FC99FBEF" bold="true" box="[709,853,1044,1065]" pageId="5" pageNumber="314">Relationships.</emphasis>
|
||
The spermatheca is the structure which has proved most useful in suggesting species relationships in the large genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C02BD93FFB63F5C045FFBBAFB42FB99" ID-CoL="8VS2G" baseAuthorityName="Peck" baseAuthorityYear="1973" box="[1040,1166,1098,1119]" class="Insecta" family="Leiodidae" genus="Ptomaphagus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="314" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9761A02FFB63F5C045FFBBAFB42FB99" box="[1040,1166,1098,1119]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="314">Ptomaphagus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, with over 60 species in the Nearctic and Neotropical regions. The shape of the spermatheca (like a reversed “S” and expanded at both ends) of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C02BD93FFB63F5C0282FB44FC8AFB0F" ID-CoL="6WLPS" authorityName="Peck & Wynne" authorityYear="2013" box="[717,838,1204,1225]" class="Insecta" family="Leiodidae" genus="Ptomaphagus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="314" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="parashant">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9761A02FFB63F5C0282FB44FC8AFB0F" box="[717,838,1204,1225]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="314">P. parashant</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
shows that the species is in the
|
||
<emphasis id="B9761A02FFB63F5C02E2FB3FFCECFB22" box="[685,800,1231,1252]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="314">consobrinus</emphasis>
|
||
species-group, and not the
|
||
<emphasis id="B9761A02FFB63F5C0471FB3FFBB8FB22" box="[1086,1140,1231,1252]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="314">hirtus</emphasis>
|
||
or
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C02BD93FFB63F5C02E2FB19FCD6FB38" ID-CoL="4Q9BR" authorityName="Schwarz" authorityYear="1898" box="[685,794,1257,1278]" class="Insecta" family="Leiodidae" genus="Ptomaphagus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="314" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cavernicola">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9761A02FFB63F5C02E2FB19FCD6FB38" box="[685,794,1257,1278]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="314">cavernicola</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species-groups (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF93BBE1FFB63F5C03F8FB19FBD3FB38" author="Peck" box="[951,1055,1257,1278]" pageId="5" pageNumber="314" pagination="29 - 162" refId="ref4804" refString="Peck, S. B. 1973. A systematic revision and the evolutionary biology of the Ptomaphagus (Adelops) beetles of North America (Coleoptera: Leiodidae: Catopinae) with emphasis on cave-inhabiting species. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology 145 (2): 29 - 162." type="journal article" year="1973">Peck 1973</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Within the
|
||
<emphasis id="B9761A02FFB63F5C02E2FAF4FCE0FADF" box="[685,812,1284,1305]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="314">consobrinus</emphasis>
|
||
species-group, the spermathecal morphology is closest to that of the troglophilic
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C02BD93FFB63F5C02E2FAC9FD22FA88" ID-CoL="78LPT" authorityName="Horn" authorityYear="1885" box="[685,750,1336,1358]" class="Insecta" family="Leiodidae" genus="Ptomaphagus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="314" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fisus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9761A02FFB63F5C02E2FAC9FD74FA88" box="[685,696,1337,1358]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="314">P</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9761A02FFB63F5C028AFAC9FD22FA88" box="[709,750,1337,1358]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="314">fisus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the southwestern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3158680FFB63F5C03E0FAC8FC15FA8B" box="[943,985,1336,1357]" name="United States of America" pageId="5" pageNumber="314">U.S.</collectingCountry>
|
||
(Peck and Gnaspini 1997). Both this species and troglophilic
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C02BD93FFB63F5C047CFAA3FB41FAAE" ID-CoL="6WM25" authorityName="Peck" authorityYear="1973" box="[1075,1165,1363,1384]" class="Insecta" family="Leiodidae" genus="Ptomaphagus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="314" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cocytus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9761A02FFB63F5C047CFAA3FB41FAAE" box="[1075,1165,1363,1384]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="314">P. cocytus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, a species with less reduced and clearly faceted eyes and functional wings from caves in Grand Canyon National Park (GRCA), have males with a low tooth on the metafemur, which is lacking in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C02BD93FFB63F5C0455FA4DFB41FA14" ID-CoL="6WLPS" authorityName="Peck & Wynne" authorityYear="2013" box="[1050,1165,1469,1490]" class="Insecta" family="Leiodidae" genus="Ptomaphagus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="314" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="parashant">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9761A02FFB63F5C0455FA4DFB41FA14" box="[1050,1165,1469,1490]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="314">P. parashant</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Other cave inhabiting troglophilic
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C02BD93FFB63F5C0442FA28FB5FFA2B" ID-CoL="8VS2G" baseAuthorityName="Peck" baseAuthorityYear="1973" box="[1037,1171,1496,1517]" class="Insecta" family="Leiodidae" genus="Ptomaphagus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="314" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9761A02FFB63F5C0442FA28FB5FFA2B" box="[1037,1171,1496,1517]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="314">Ptomaphagus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the southwestern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3158680FFB63F5C0332FA02FC6BF9C1" box="[893,935,1522,1543]" name="United States of America" pageId="5" pageNumber="314">U.S.</collectingCountry>
|
||
are
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C02BD93FFB63F5C0394FA03FBAAF9CE" ID-CoL="4Q9BP" authorityName="LeConte" authorityYear="1853" box="[987,1126,1523,1544]" class="Insecta" family="Leiodidae" genus="Ptomaphagus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="314" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="californicus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9761A02FFB63F5C0394FA03FBAAF9CE" box="[987,1126,1523,1544]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="314">P. californicus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C02BD93FFB63F5C02E2F9FDFB5CF9E4" ID-CoL="4Q9CM" authority="Peck and Gnaspini, 1997" authorityName="Peck and Gnaspini" authorityYear="1997" box="[685,1168,1549,1570]" class="Insecta" family="Leiodidae" genus="Ptomaphagus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="314" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="inyoensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9761A02FFB63F5C02E2F9FDFC5DF9E4" box="[685,913,1549,1570]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="314">Ptomaphagus inyoensis</emphasis>
|
||
Peck and Gnaspini, 1997
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but these are less cave-modified and are known or suspected to occur in non-cave habitats as well. Also, there are two named, small-eyed, montane, leaf-litter species in
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49C608F2FFB63F5C0333F987FBCCF94A" box="[892,1024,1655,1676]" country="United States of America" name="New Mexico" pageId="5" pageNumber="314">New Mexico</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C02BD93FFB63F5C0442F987FCBCF961" ID-CoL="4Q9D2" authority="Peck, 1978" authorityName="Peck" authorityYear="1978" class="Insecta" family="Leiodidae" genus="Ptomaphagus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="314" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="manzano">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9761A02FFB63F5C0442F987FCCEF961" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="314">Ptomaphagus manzano</emphasis>
|
||
Peck, 1978
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C02BD93FFB63F5C03D1F962FCD2F907" ID-CoL="4Q9CW" authority="Peck, 1978" authorityName="Peck" authorityYear="1978" class="Insecta" family="Leiodidae" genus="Ptomaphagus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="314" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lincolnensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9761A02FFB63F5C03D1F962FB5FF961" box="[926,1171,1682,1703]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="314">Ptomaphagus lincolnensis</emphasis>
|
||
Peck, 1978
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but their spermathecae (in curvature and terminal swellings) are much less similar. Additionally, there are several undescribed, smalleyed, leaf-litter inhabiting species known from small numbers in the southwestern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3158680FFB53F5F01B0FEE2FDE7FEE1" box="[511,555,274,295]" name="United States of America" pageId="6" pageNumber="315">U.S.</collectingCountry>
|
||
, especially the coastal mountains of
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49C608F2FFB53F5F01F8FEDCFDD2FE87" box="[439,542,300,321]" country="United States of America" name="California" pageId="6" pageNumber="315">California</collectingRegion>
|
||
, and likely more remain undiscovered. In conclusion, the relationships of the species are obscure, but probably related to an ancestor shared with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C02BD93FFB53F5F0247FE8CFDABFE57" ID-CoL="6WM25" authorityName="Peck" authorityYear="1973" box="[520,615,380,401]" class="Insecta" family="Leiodidae" genus="Ptomaphagus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="315" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cocytus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9761A02FFB53F5F0247FE8CFDABFE57" box="[520,615,380,401]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="315">P. cocytus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C02BD93FFB53F5F00E2FE67FF3CFE6A" ID-CoL="78LPT" authorityName="Horn" authorityYear="1885" box="[173,240,407,428]" class="Insecta" family="Leiodidae" genus="Ptomaphagus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="315" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fisus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9761A02FFB53F5F00E2FE67FF3CFE6A" box="[173,240,407,428]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="315">P. fisus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and are clearly not related to any of the cave species in the mostly eastern
|
||
<emphasis id="B9761A02FFB53F5F01A0FE41FDE9FE00" box="[495,549,433,454]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="315">hirtus</emphasis>
|
||
and mostly Neotropical
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C02BD93FFB53F5F0169FE3CFE5BFE27" ID-CoL="4Q9BR" authorityName="Schwarz" authorityYear="1898" box="[294,407,460,481]" class="Insecta" family="Leiodidae" genus="Ptomaphagus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="315" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cavernicola">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9761A02FFB53F5F0169FE3CFE5BFE27" box="[294,407,460,481]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="315">cavernicola</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species-groups, all in the subgenus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C02BD93FFB53F5F0144FE16FE0FFE3D" ID-CoL="8XS8M" authority="Tellkampf." box="[267,451,486,507]" class="Insecta" family="Leiodidae" genus="Ptomaphagus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="315" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Adelops">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9761A02FFB53F5F0144FE16FE9AFE3D" box="[267,342,486,507]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="315">Adelops</emphasis>
|
||
Tellkampf.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBDC610FFB53F5F008AFDF1FDAFFD16" blockId="6.[173,660,194,720]" pageId="6" pageNumber="315">
|
||
It is worth noting that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C02BD93FFB53F5F0187FDF1FD98FDD0" ID-CoL="8VS2G" baseAuthorityName="Peck" baseAuthorityYear="1973" box="[456,596,513,534]" class="Insecta" family="Leiodidae" genus="Ptomaphagus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="315" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9761A02FFB53F5F0187FDF1FD98FDD0" box="[456,596,513,534]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="315">Ptomaphagus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, subgenus
|
||
<emphasis id="B9761A02FFB53F5F00A2FDEBFEBBFDF6" box="[237,375,539,560]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="315">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C02BD93FFB53F5F00A2FDEBFEBFFDF6" ID-CoL="8VS2G" baseAuthorityName="Peck" baseAuthorityYear="1973" box="[237,371,539,560]" class="Insecta" family="Leiodidae" genus="Ptomaphagus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="315" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Ptomaphagus</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
includes about 29 species in Eurasia, and that only one of these,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C02BD93FFB53F5F025FFDC6FD43FDA3" ID-CoL="4Q9FR" authority="Blas and Vives, 1983" authorityName="Blas and Vives" authorityYear="1983" class="Insecta" family="Leiodidae" genus="Ptomaphagus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="315" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="troglodytes" subGenus="Ptomaphagus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9761A02FFB53F5F025FFDC6FD5FFD8D" box="[528,659,566,587]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="315">Ptomaphagus</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B9761A02FFB53F5F00FAFDA1FEF5FDA0" box="[181,313,593,614]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="315">Ptomaphagus</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis id="B9761A02FFB53F5F0107FDA1FE7DFDA0" box="[328,433,593,614]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="315">troglodytes</emphasis>
|
||
Blas and Vives, 1983
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, is a cave-adapted species known from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3158680FFB53F5F0276FD9BFD43FD46" box="[569,655,619,640]" name="Grenada" pageId="6" pageNumber="315">Grenada</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3158680FFB53F5F00E2FD75FF24FD5C" box="[173,232,645,666]" name="Spain" pageId="6" pageNumber="315">Spain</collectingCountry>
|
||
. Perhaps the great radiation of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C02BD93FFB53F5F026AFD75FD5FFD5C" ID-CoL="8XHQF" authorityName="Lacordaire" authorityYear="1854" box="[549,659,645,666]" class="Insecta" family="Leiodidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="315" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Leptodirini">Leptodirini</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C02BD93FFB53F5F00FCFD50FED9FD73" ID-CoL="8VR3J" authorityName="Fleming" authorityYear="1821" box="[179,277,672,693]" class="Insecta" family="Leiodidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="315" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Leiodidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C02BD93FFB53F5F016FFD50FE40FD73" ID-CoL="8VR55" authorityName="William Kirby" authorityYear="1837" box="[288,396,672,693]" class="Insecta" family="Leiodidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="315" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Cholevinae">Cholevinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
) in caves of Eurasia somehow excluded
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C02BD93FFB53F5F0178FD4BFE74FD16" ID-CoL="8VS2G" baseAuthorityName="Peck" baseAuthorityYear="1973" box="[311,440,699,720]" class="Insecta" family="Leiodidae" genus="Ptomaphagus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="315" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9761A02FFB53F5F0178FD4BFE74FD16" box="[311,440,699,720]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="315">Ptomaphagus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from caves there.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |