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<mods:title id="D4AFFE08606C96638DC5C05F7F74D1A3">A synoptic review of the family Dendronotidae (Mollusca: Nudibranchia): a multilevel organismal diversity approach</mods:title>
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<taxonomicName id="4C01DDFB026AFFA121B1FC60CE3D12B8" ID-CoL="34QZW" authority="O'Donoghue, 1921" authorityName="O'Donoghue" authorityYear="1921" box="[645,1067,925,952]" class="Gastropoda" family="Dendronotidae" genus="Dendronotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="35" pageNumber="128" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="rufus">
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<emphasis id="B9757A6A026AFFA121B1FC60C94D12B8" bold="true" box="[645,859,925,952]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="128">Dendronotus rufus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF90DB89026AFFA12054FC60CE3D12B8" author="O'Donoghue, C." box="[864,1067,925,951]" journalOrPublisher="Trans. R. Can. Inst." pageId="35" pageNumber="128" pagination="147 - 209" part="13" refId="ref31421" refString="O'Donoghue, C. (1921) Nudibranchiate Mollusca from the Vancouver Island region. Trans. R. Can. Inst., 13, 147 - 209." title="Nudibranchiate Mollusca from the Vancouver Island region" type="journal article" year="1921">ODonoghue, 1921</bibRefCitation>
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<figureCitation id="133ABAFD026AFFA121B1FC3CC8D612D3" box="[645,704,961,988]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="14.[129,196,1668,1689]" captionTargetBox="[144,1171,170,1636]" captionTargetId="figure-1@14.[144,1171,170,1636]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 7 Representaives of the genus Dendronotus (living specimens). PHOTOGRAPHS BY T. KORSHUNOVA, A. MARTYNOV, K. FLETCHER, D. MILLER, Y. FUJIWARA, K. HASEGAWA, K. SANAMYAN, N. SANAMYAN, AND O. ZIMINA" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4623930" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4623930/files/figure.png" pageId="35" pageNumber="128">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
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<emphasis id="B9757A6A026AFFA12190FC18C96312F0" box="[676,885,997,1023]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="128">Dendronotus rufus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF90DB89026AFFA120B5FC18C8BC152C" author="O'Donoghue, C." journalOrPublisher="Trans. R. Can. Inst." pageId="35" pageNumber="128" pagination="147 - 209" part="13" refId="ref31421" refString="O'Donoghue, C. (1921) Nudibranchiate Mollusca from the Vancouver Island region. Trans. R. Can. Inst., 13, 147 - 209." title="Nudibranchiate Mollusca from the Vancouver Island region" type="journal article" year="1921">ODonoghue, 1921:190 192</bibRefCitation>
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; Pl. 3, Figs 2527; Pl. 4, Fig. 48;
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<bibRefCitation id="EF90DB89026AFFA120C5FBF4C8C91547" author="O'Donoghue, C." journalOrPublisher="Trans. R. Can. Inst." pageId="35" pageNumber="128" pagination="145 - 167" part="14" refId="ref31451" refString="O'Donoghue, C. (1922) Notes on the nudibranchiate Mollusca from the Vancouver Island region. III. Records of species and distribution. Trans. R. Can. Inst., 14, 145 - 167." title="Notes on the nudibranchiate Mollusca from the Vancouver Island region. III. Records of species and distribution" type="journal article" year="1922">ODonoghue, 1922:125</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="EF90DB89026AFFA121D9FBD0CE191547" author="Robilliard, G." box="[749,1039,1069,1096]" journalOrPublisher="Veliger" pageId="35" pageNumber="128" pagination="433 - 479" part="12" refId="ref31995" refString="Robilliard, G. (1970) The systematics and some aspects of the ecology of the genus Dendronotus. Veliger, 12, 433 - 479." title="The systematics and some aspects of the ecology of the genus Dendronotus" type="journal article" year="1970">Robilliard, 1970: 456460</bibRefCitation>
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,
<figureCitation id="133ABAFD026AFFA12729FBD0CE971548" box="[1053,1153,1069,1095]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 4" captionStart-1="FIGURE 5" captionStart-2="FIGURE 6" captionStartId-0="9.[98,164,1492,1513]" captionStartId-1="12.[129,195,1381,1402]" captionStartId-2="13.[100,167,1225,1246]" captionTargetBox-0="[115,1140,170,1460]" captionTargetBox-1="[129,1187,170,1350]" captionTargetBox-2="[101,1153,173,1189]" captionTargetId-0="figure-1@9.[115,1140,170,1460]" captionTargetId-1="figure-1@12.[129,1187,170,1350]" captionTargetId-2="figure-109@13.[98,1156,170,1193]" captionTargetPageId-0="9" captionTargetPageId-1="12" captionTargetPageId-2="13" captionText-0="FIGURE 4 Dendronotus yrjargul sp.nov.(an) and D.kalikal (ot), external and internal morphology.ac: living holotype of D.yrjargul NTNU-VM-76306 (a) and its habitat (b, c), dorsal,ventral and lateral views with egg mass and associated hydroid Abietinaria fusca, respectively; d: Dendronotus yrjargul, habitat of living paratype NTNU-VM-76302;e: jaw of holotype; f:denticles on the masticatory edge of the holotype; g: jaws of paratype NTNU-VM-76302; h:discoid ridge-like structures on the masticatory edge of paratype NTNU-VM-76302;i: details of discoid structures on the masticatory edge of paratype NTNU-VM-76302; j: anterior part of radula of holotype; k:central teeth of radula of holotype;l:lateral teeth of radula of holotype; m:central teeth of radula of paratype NTNU-VM-76302; n: lateral teeth of radula of holotype; o: living holotype of D.kalikal; p: jaw of D.kalikal, specimen from Kurile Islands;" captionText-1="FIGURE 5 Dendronotus nordenskioeldi sp. nov.ZMMU Op-665, external and internal morphology.ab:living holotype, dorsal and lateral views respectively;c:ventral view of preserved holotype;d: jaw of holotype; e: irregular denticles on the masticatory edge of the holotype;f:posterior part of radula; g:central teeth of radula; h: lateral teeth of radula of holotype.Scale bars: d: 1mm; e: 20 µm; f:100 µm; g, h: 30 µm. PHOTOGRAPHS BY O. ZIMINA (A, B) AND T. KORSHUNOVA (C). SEM MICROGRAPHS BY A. MARTYNOV" captionText-2="FIGURE 6 Reproductive systems. a, Dendronotus yrjargul sp. nov.; b, D.kalikal; c, D.elegans; d, D. nordenskioeldi sp. nov. Scale bars:ad 1mm.Abbreviations:am, ampulla; bc, bursa copulatrix; fgm, female gland mass; fo, female opening; p, penis; pr, prostate; rs, receptaculum seminis; ud, uterine duct; vd, vas deferens; vg, vaginal duct." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4623924" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4623926" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4623928" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/4623924/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/4623926/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/4623928/files/figure.png" pageId="35" pageNumber="128">Figs 46</figureCitation>
, 1618, Pl. 63, Fig. 32.
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<bibRefCitation id="EF90DB89026AFFA12190FB88C9701580" author="Behrens, D." box="[676,870,1141,1167]" journalOrPublisher="Sea Challengers, Los Osos, CA" pageId="35" pageNumber="128" refId="ref28186" refString="Behrens, D. (1980) Pacific Coast Nudibranchs, a Guide to the Opisthobranchs of the Northeastern Pacific. Sea Challengers, Los Osos, CA." title="Pacific Coast Nudibranchs, a Guide to the Opisthobranchs of the Northeastern Pacific" type="book" year="1980">Behrens, 1980:76</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EF90DB89026AFFA1204CFB88C8CB15BC" author="Behrens, D. &amp; Hermosillo, A." journalOrPublisher="Sea Challengers, Monterey" pageId="35" pageNumber="128" refId="ref28154" refString="Behrens, D. &amp; Hermosillo, A. (2005) Eastern Pacific nudibranchs, a guide to the opisthobranchs from Alaska to Central America. Sea Challengers, Monterey." title="Eastern Pacific nudibranchs, a guide to the opisthobranchs from Alaska to Central America" type="book" year="2005">Behrens &amp; Hermosillo, 2005:95</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EF90DB89026AFFA121D3FB64CE1015BC" author="Lamb, A. &amp; Hanby, B. P." box="[743,1030,1176,1203]" journalOrPublisher="Harbour Publishing, Madeira Park, BC" pageId="35" pageNumber="128" refId="ref30291" refString="Lamb, A. &amp; Hanby, B. P. (2005) Marine Life of the Pacific Northwest, a Photographic Encyclopedia of Invertebrates, Seaweeds and Selected Fishes, Harbour Publishing, Madeira Park, BC." title="Marine Life of the Pacific Northwest, a Photographic Encyclopedia of Invertebrates, Seaweeds and Selected Fishes" type="book" year="2005">Lamb &amp; Hanby, 2005: 262</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBEA678026AFFA12190FB41C9BF15F4" blockId="35.[645,1157,925,1275]" pageId="35" pageNumber="128">
<taxonomicName id="4C01DDFB026AFFA12190FB41CE9315D9" ID-CoL="34QZD" authority="sensu Odhner, 1936" authorityName="Odhner" authorityYear="1936" baseAuthorityName="Ascanius" baseAuthorityYear="1774" box="[676,1157,1212,1239]" class="Gastropoda" family="Dendronotidae" genus="Dendronotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="35" pageNumber="128" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="frondosus">
<emphasis id="B9757A6A026AFFA12190FB41C9B215D9" box="[676,932,1212,1238]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="128">Dendronotusfrondosus</emphasis>
sensu
<bibRefCitation id="EF90DB89026AFFA120C6FB41CE9315D9" author="Odhner, N." box="[1010,1157,1212,1238]" journalOrPublisher="Mem. Mus. R. Hist. Nat. Belg." pageId="35" pageNumber="128" pagination="1057 - 1128" part="3" refId="ref31525" refString="Odhner, N. (1936) NudibranchiaDendronotacea - A revision of the system. Mem. Mus. R. Hist. Nat. Belg. (Ser. 2), 3, 1057 - 1128." title="NudibranchiaDendronotacea - A revision of the system" type="journal article" year="1936">Odhner, 1936</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(part.) non
<bibRefCitation id="EF90DB89026AFFA12031FB1DC9B215F4" author="Ascanius, P." box="[773,932,1248,1275]" journalOrPublisher="Det Kongelige Norske Videnskabelige Selskabs Skrifter Trondhejm" pageId="35" pageNumber="128" pagination="153 - 158" part="5" refId="ref27923" refString="Ascanius, P. (1774) Beskrivelse over en Norske sneppe og et sodyr. Det Kongelige Norske Videnskabelige Selskabs Skrifter Trondhejm, 5, 153 - 158." title="Beskrivelse over en Norske sneppe og et sodyr" type="journal article" year="1774">Ascanius, 1774</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BBEA678026AFFA621B1FAD5CACA120B" blockId="35.[645,1157,1320,1742]" lastBlockId="36.[129,640,171,772]" lastPageId="36" lastPageNumber="129" pageId="35" pageNumber="128">
<emphasis id="B9757A6A026AFFA121B1FAD5C977144D" box="[645,865,1320,1346]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="128">Extended diagnosis</emphasis>
. Body relatively narrow. Six to nine pairs of branched dorsolateral appendages. Fiveappendages of oral veil. Five appendages of rhinophoral stalks. Lateral papilla of rhinophoral sheaths present. Rhinophoreswith 1924 lamellae. More than 30 lip papillae. Basal colour from red to grayish white, white specimens commonly have remarkable differences in colour of dorsolateral appendages (which can be brick red to dark red). Dorsal processes of jaws inclined posteriorly at approximately 70° to the longitudinal axis of the jaw body and 0.45 of its length. Masticatory processess with ridge-likestructures and smaller denticles. Radula with up to 35 rows of teeth. Central tooth with up to 28 small denticles (usually smaller) with ribs or shallow furrows, never completely smooth. Upto 16 lateral teeth with up to seven denticles. Ampulla relatively narrow, long, with several windings and loops. Bursa copulatrix large, oval. Seminal receptaculum small, placed distally at a moderately short distance from the vaginal opening. Prostate discoid with numerous alveolar glands (at least more than 50). The vas deferens is very long, penis long, narrow, looped several times. Body length up to
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.
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<emphasis id="B9757A6A026DFFA623B5FCCFCB131243" box="[129,261,818,844]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="129">Distribution</emphasis>
. NE Pacific, from southern Alaska to Washington state, Canadaand USA.
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C31BF5F3026DFFA623B5FC60CBBA12B8" box="[129,428,925,952]" pageId="36" pageNumber="129" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="8BBEA678026DFFA623B5FC60CBBA12B8" blockId="36.[129,428,925,952]" box="[129,428,925,952]" pageId="36" pageNumber="129">
<emphasis id="B9757A6A026DFFA623B5FC60CB1712B8" box="[129,257,925,951]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="129">Bathymetry</emphasis>
.
<quantity id="4CF90B9D026DFFA62238FC63CBBE12B8" box="[268,424,925,952]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.25" metricValueMax="3.8" metricValueMin="0.7" pageId="36" pageNumber="129" unit="m" value="22.5" valueMax="38.0" valueMin="7.0">738 mdepth</quantity>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C31BF5F3026DFFA623B5FC18CAAA15F4" pageId="36" pageNumber="129" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BBEA678026DFFA623B5FC18CAAA15F4" blockId="36.[129,642,997,1275]" pageId="36" pageNumber="129">
<emphasis id="B9757A6A026DFFA623B5FC18CAF612F0" box="[129,224,997,1023]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="129">Remarks</emphasis>
. This is among the largest
<taxonomicName id="4C01DDFB026DFFA623B5FBF4CB19152C" authorityName="Alder &amp; Hancock" authorityYear="1845" box="[129,271,1033,1059]" class="Gastropoda" family="Dendronotidae" genus="Dendronotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="36" pageNumber="129" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9757A6A026DFFA623B5FBF4CB19152C" box="[129,271,1033,1059]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="129">Dendronotus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species. According to the radular formulait issimilar to
<taxonomicName id="4C01DDFB026DFFA62241FBD3CBCA1548" authorityName="Eliot" authorityYear="1910" box="[373,476,1069,1095]" class="Gastropoda" family="Dendronotidae" genus="Dendronotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="36" pageNumber="129" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="lacteus">
<emphasis id="B9757A6A026DFFA62241FBD3CBCA1548" box="[373,476,1069,1095]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="129">D. lacteus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and molecular data confirm
<taxonomicName id="4C01DDFB026DFFA6222FFBAFCB671564" authorityName="O'Donoghue" authorityYear="1921" box="[283,369,1105,1131]" class="Gastropoda" family="Dendronotidae" genus="Dendronotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="36" pageNumber="129" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="rufus">
<emphasis id="B9757A6A026DFFA6222FFBAFCB671564" box="[283,369,1105,1131]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="129">D. rufus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as a sister species to
<taxonomicName id="4C01DDFB026DFFA6215DFBAFCADB1580" authorityName="Eliot" authorityYear="1910" class="Gastropoda" family="Dendronotidae" genus="Dendronotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="36" pageNumber="129" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="lacteus">
<emphasis id="B9757A6A026DFFA6215DFBAFCADB1580" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="129">D. lacteus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(fig. 1). In its biogeographical pattern it reveals quite narrow endemism, so far known only from southern
<collectingRegion id="49C5689A026DFFA6224FFB40CBD315D8" box="[379,453,1213,1239]" country="United States of America" name="Alaska" pageId="36" pageNumber="129">Alaska</collectingRegion>
to
<collectingRegion id="49C5689A026DFFA622CEFB40CAAE15F4" country="United States of America" name="Washington" pageId="36" pageNumber="129">Washington state</collectingRegion>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>