286 lines
52 KiB
XML
286 lines
52 KiB
XML
<document id="B9691862596A1AA7A279020BE68ADB4D" ID-CLB-Dataset="294722" ID-DOI="10.4202/app.00311.2016" ID-GBIF-Dataset="ac8e0fb9-81ea-4b00-9ae0-37892e9ce50e" ID-ISSN="1732-2421" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10980766" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="carolina" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="carolina" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="carolina" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_approvedBy="carolina" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="carolina" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="carolina" checkinTime="1713283622023" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Kovalchuk, Oleksandr M., Wilson, Mark V. H. & Grande, Terry" docDate="2017" docId="0394879EC70EBE2403D6BEFFFC60DDF0" docLanguage="en" docName="ActaPalaeontolPol.62.1.121-135.pdf" docOrigin="Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 62 (1)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.4202/app.00311.2016" docStyle="DocumentStyle:E4780F6D34569985EDF9CACFB9BC780E.4:ActaPalaeontolPol.2015-.journal_article" docStyleId="E4780F6D34569985EDF9CACFB9BC780E" docStyleName="ActaPalaeontolPol.2015-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Esox nogaicus Kovalchuk & Wilson & Grande 2017, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="129" masterDocId="FFADFFE6C708BE2C0341BA19FF93DE25" masterDocTitle="A review of Neogene and Quaternary pikes of southeastern Europe and a new species from the early Pleistocene of Nogaisk, Ukraine" masterLastPageNumber="135" masterPageNumber="121" pageNumber="127" updateTime="1713981320158" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
|
||
<mods:mods id="7DC72E7D1A6CB4D3376F973B2FFA745C" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo id="265E6F6FF5FE1782BA3EA74D3BCBB8F5">
|
||
<mods:title id="09F903DB8D045C1754D10B4C1939EE89">A review of Neogene and Quaternary pikes of southeastern Europe and a new species from the early Pleistocene of Nogaisk, Ukraine</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:name id="84E6F8EBD39B17955DA12711E5D53B9A" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="3C6056D7EB0C0B3D14DC7DABFD8DD783">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="A6C1256F26E9F3593D7B6643EFA19C5D">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="B05F55F09CEB1F01C651D259A150487B">Kovalchuk, Oleksandr M.</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name id="AF417693239A4ADA7558977F8F68402B" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="39F969A26FEEB028CDAC17D86FE94B94">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="E06216F3164A58AE3713760A8D719FEE">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="3700341F8F988F32C3F3BA6D161F7E71">Wilson, Mark V. H.</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name id="2049CCD6076EB3A4D116709C4024D6AC" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="C11F2A1AA46BD13F20A54DB8962FA52C">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="1825145C3046142100366103F6653A9C">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="C1D431A1813BA32B7FCF299FCEA532C8">Grande, Terry</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:typeOfResource id="0D706E49CACC7236BE41AD98E92FA630">text</mods:typeOfResource>
|
||
<mods:relatedItem id="293FF411080257DCD543578BAD000C13" type="host">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo id="D69F306105AC116AFE21F1870D765615">
|
||
<mods:title id="C8E5D01B2F3CE6C31DF48CFE850E09FD">Acta Palaeontologica Polonica</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:part id="8C27645725454F3306AF88EA5F49811E">
|
||
<mods:date id="934898DF50C34F926079307546150065">2017</mods:date>
|
||
<mods:detail id="D6F5824F1AA249285D229DC07F3E0F30" type="pubDate">
|
||
<mods:number id="416E8F1A2B31982B0DABA5A986C14E57">2017-01-26</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:detail id="FD4013F81980AFE4702792A9BB1A1416" type="volume">
|
||
<mods:number id="9F4A41653EC659B712755E18A0CC3CBE">62</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:detail id="0EC28D39F6585BA3749AE885DAC8F353" type="issue">
|
||
<mods:number id="0002408E6ED011FF2BB86AEB5577B08E">1</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:extent id="D156E76D5566778624E4FBE24A8751DF" unit="page">
|
||
<mods:start id="9B1FD500109BADEE4D618D2DB3BCF560">121</mods:start>
|
||
<mods:end id="4EF7CC3BF3BC589D53FE37367B673AE0">135</mods:end>
|
||
</mods:extent>
|
||
</mods:part>
|
||
</mods:relatedItem>
|
||
<mods:location id="D3A62242D0E0024C2D9A0155394AA57B">
|
||
<mods:url id="26285CFA93555593851596FA93021C50">http://dx.doi.org/10.4202/app.00311.2016</mods:url>
|
||
</mods:location>
|
||
<mods:classification id="AA06658718BC27B0452483226745F460">journal article</mods:classification>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="FDBCE3AE532B341AF8D99C91C382809E" type="CLB-Dataset">294722</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="D9FB3C56DB29EE9CD5D246D443C6E0BA" type="DOI">10.4202/app.00311.2016</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="BD00FA9C7C550109E1630D02E4E0AA3A" type="GBIF-Dataset">ac8e0fb9-81ea-4b00-9ae0-37892e9ce50e</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="65482043F3FEE0D8C827E4AE812512CF" type="ISSN">1732-2421</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="6953F7670D226828ADCE188F286D7620" type="Zenodo-Dep">10980766</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="8C5C84BC816D84FC711E73D143FF6C5B" type="ZooBank">720D2E4C-305E-4C3D-B1E2-7BF52461D48B</mods:identifier>
|
||
</mods:mods>
|
||
<treatment id="0394879EC70EBE2403D6BEFFFC60DDF0" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11061633" ID-Zenodo-Dep="11061633" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0394879EC70EBE2403D6BEFFFC60DDF0" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/0394879EC70EBE2403D6BEFFFC60DDF0" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="129" pageId="6" pageNumber="127">
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3276503C70EBE2A03D6BEFFFF46DB02" pageId="6" pageNumber="127" type="nomenclature">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B823688C70EBE2A03D6BEFFFE28DB27" blockId="6.[151,443,1254,1282]" box="[151,443,1254,1282]" pageId="6" pageNumber="127">
|
||
<heading id="D0CA81E4C70EBE2A03D6BEFFFE28DB27" box="[151,443,1254,1282]" fontSize="12" level="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="127" reason="2">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3D4D0BC70EBE2A03D6BEFFFEC2DB27" authority="Kovalchuk & Wilson & Grande, 2017" authorityName="Kovalchuk & Wilson & Grande" authorityYear="2017" box="[151,337,1254,1282]" family="Esocidae" genus="Esox" kingdom="Animalia" order="Esociformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="127" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nogaicus" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B949EA9AC70EBE2A03D6BEFFFEC2DB27" box="[151,337,1254,1282]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="127">Esox nogaicus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27A57E1C70EBE2A0218BEFFFE28DB27" box="[345,443,1254,1282]" pageId="6" pageNumber="127" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B823688C70EBE2A03D6BF0BFF46DB02" blockId="6.[151,213,1298,1319]" box="[151,213,1298,1319]" pageId="6" pageNumber="127">
|
||
<figureCitation id="13062A0DC70EBE2A03D6BF0BFF43DB02" box="[151,208,1298,1319]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="8.[151,184,1769,1789]" captionTargetId="figure-8@7.[99,1479,162,1951]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Fig. 4. Isolated elements assigned to a pike Esox nogaicus sp. nov. from Southeastern Europe, Nogaisk; Pleistocene. A. Holotype, right dentary (NMNHU-P 27/1697), occlusal (A1) and lateral (A1) views. B. Left frontal (NMNHU-P 27/1124), lateral view. C. Left parietal (NMNHU-P 27/1129), dorsal view. D. Vomer (NMNHU-P 27/1088), ventral view. E. Parasphenoid (NMNHU-P 27/1047), ventral (E1) and dorsal (E2) views. F. Left hyomandibular (NMNHU-P 27/1093), lateral (F1) and medial (F2) views. G. Left maxilla (NMNHU-P 27/1036), lateral view. H. Right articular (NMNHU-P 27/1024), medial view. I. Right palatine (NMNHU-P 27/1115), ventral (I1), lateral (I2), and dorsal (I3) views. J. Right opercular (NMNHU-P 27/986), medial view. K. Left ceratohyal (NMNHU-P 27/1059), medial view. L. Right quadrate (NMNHU-P 27/1012), medial view. M. Left cleithrum (NMNHU-P 27/1035), medial view. A2, G, H, I1, I2, M, anterior to right; A1, B, I3, J, L, anterior to left; C–F, K, anterior towards top. Scale bars 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11061623" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11061623/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="127">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3276503C70EBE2403D6BF26FC60DDF0" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="129" pageId="6" pageNumber="127" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B823688C70EBE2A03D6BF26FD39DB71" blockId="6.[151,682,1343,1364]" box="[151,682,1343,1364]" pageId="6" pageNumber="127">
|
||
<emphasis id="B949EA9AC70EBE2A03D6BF26FF6DDB71" box="[151,254,1343,1364]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="127">Etymology</emphasis>
|
||
: Derived from the name of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="5486882AC70EBE2A016CBF26FDC5DB71" box="[557,598,1343,1364]" pageId="6" pageNumber="127">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B823688C70EBE2A03D6BF78FE5CDB8A" blockId="6.[151,824,1377,1455]" pageId="6" pageNumber="127">
|
||
<emphasis id="B949EA9AC70EBE2A03D6BF78FE8FDB53" box="[151,284,1377,1398]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="127">Type material</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<typeStatus id="5486882AC70EBE2A026ABF78FE1BDB53" box="[299,392,1377,1398]" pageId="6" pageNumber="127" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
: NMNHU-P 27/1697, almost complete right dentary (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13062A0DC70EBE2A03B5BF64FEDADBB7" box="[244,329,1405,1426]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="8.[151,184,1769,1789]" captionTargetId="figure-8@7.[99,1479,162,1951]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Fig. 4. Isolated elements assigned to a pike Esox nogaicus sp. nov. from Southeastern Europe, Nogaisk; Pleistocene. A. Holotype, right dentary (NMNHU-P 27/1697), occlusal (A1) and lateral (A1) views. B. Left frontal (NMNHU-P 27/1124), lateral view. C. Left parietal (NMNHU-P 27/1129), dorsal view. D. Vomer (NMNHU-P 27/1088), ventral view. E. Parasphenoid (NMNHU-P 27/1047), ventral (E1) and dorsal (E2) views. F. Left hyomandibular (NMNHU-P 27/1093), lateral (F1) and medial (F2) views. G. Left maxilla (NMNHU-P 27/1036), lateral view. H. Right articular (NMNHU-P 27/1024), medial view. I. Right palatine (NMNHU-P 27/1115), ventral (I1), lateral (I2), and dorsal (I3) views. J. Right opercular (NMNHU-P 27/986), medial view. K. Left ceratohyal (NMNHU-P 27/1059), medial view. L. Right quadrate (NMNHU-P 27/1012), medial view. M. Left cleithrum (NMNHU-P 27/1035), medial view. A2, G, H, I1, I2, M, anterior to right; A1, B, I3, J, L, anterior to left; C–F, K, anterior towards top. Scale bars 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11061623" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11061623/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="127">Fig. 4A</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<typeStatus id="5486882AC70EBE2A0220BF64FE51DBB7" box="[353,450,1405,1426]" pageId="6" pageNumber="127" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
: NMNHU-P 27/1001, right dentary, NMNHU-P 27/998, left dentary.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B823688C70EBE2A03D6BFA5FD4EDBF4" blockId="6.[151,733,1468,1489]" box="[151,733,1468,1489]" pageId="6" pageNumber="127">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B553CD5C70EBE2A03D6BFA5FD4ADBF4" box="[151,729,1468,1489]" country="Ukraine" location="Nogaisk" municipality="Zaporozhye region" pageId="6" pageNumber="127" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||
<emphasis id="B949EA9AC70EBE2A03D6BFA5FE81DBF4" box="[151,274,1468,1489]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="127">
|
||
<typeStatus id="5486882AC70EBE2A03D6BFA5FF57DBF4" box="[151,196,1468,1489]" pageId="6" pageNumber="127">Type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<location id="8EE26053C70EBE2A025EBFA5FEE2DBF4" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0394879EC70EBE2403D6BEFFFC60DDF0:8EE26053C70EBE2A025EBFA5FEE2DBF4" box="[287,369,1468,1489]" country="Ukraine" municipality="Zaporozhye region" name="Nogaisk" pageId="6" pageNumber="127">Nogaisk</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="6BE6ACF2C70EBE2A023ABFA5FDA0DBF4" box="[379,563,1468,1489]" pageId="6" pageNumber="127">Zaporozhye region</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F32A7618C70EBE2A017CBFA5FD19DBF4" box="[573,650,1468,1489]" name="Ukraine" pageId="6" pageNumber="127">Ukraine</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13062A0DC70EBE2A01D6BFA5FD5CDBF4" box="[663,719,1468,1489]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="3.[98,131,1076,1096]" captionTargetBox="[117,1463,159,1050]" captionTargetId="figure-392@3.[119,1462,162,1047]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Fig. 1. Map showing location of Ukraine in Europe (B). Localities with fossil pike remains in southeastern Europe in Ukraine (A), detailed view of area near Odessa (C). 1, Popovo; 2, Mykhailivka; 3, Frunzovka; 4, Palievo; 5, Lobkovo; 6, Cherevichne; 7, Vasylivka; 8, Verkhnya Krynitsya; 9, Egorovka; 10, Novoukrainka; 11, Andreevka; 12, Orekhovka; 13, Pontian Lectostratotype; 14, Vinogradovka; 15, Novopetrovka; 16, Obukhovka; 17, Kamenskoe; 18, Kotlovina; 19, Zhevakhova Gora; 20, Kryzhanovka; 21, Tiligul; 22, Nova Etuliya; 23, Sinyaya Balka; 24, Nogaisk; 25, Kairy; 26, Protopopovka; 27, Semibalka; 28, Lysa Gora; 29, Bol’shevik; 30, Medzhibozh." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10980769" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10980769/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="127">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B823688C70EBE2A03D6BFC7FDADDBD6" blockId="6.[151,574,1502,1523]" box="[151,574,1502,1523]" pageId="6" pageNumber="127">
|
||
<emphasis id="B949EA9AC70EBE2A03D6BFC7FE80DBD6" box="[151,275,1502,1523]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="127">
|
||
<typeStatus id="5486882AC70EBE2A03D6BFC7FF57DBD6" box="[151,196,1502,1523]" pageId="6" pageNumber="127">Type</typeStatus>
|
||
horizon
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
: Calabrian (early Pleistocene).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B823688C70EBE2A03D6BC1EFED8D98D" blockId="6.[151,826,1543,1960]" pageId="6" pageNumber="127">
|
||
<emphasis id="B949EA9AC70EBE2A03D6BC1EFF6AD805" box="[151,249,1543,1568]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="127">Material</emphasis>
|
||
.—NMNHU-P 27/1088–1092, vomers; NMNHU-P 27/1124–1128, frontals; NMNHU-P 27/1129, parietal; NMNHU-P 27/1047–1054, parasphenoids; NMNHU-P 27/1036–1046, maxillae; NMNHU-P 27/1102–1106, 1108, 1110–1115, 1117–1121, palatines; NMNHU-P 27/1012–1021, 1040, quadrates; NMNHU-P 27/1022–1033, 1038, articular bones; NMNHU-P 27/992–995, 997, 1000, 1006, 1007, left dentaries; NMNHU-P 27/1004, 1005, 1008, 1009, 1463, right dentaries; NMNHU-P 27/1093–1096, 1099, hyomandibulars; NMNHU-P 27/1056–1069, ceratohyals; NMNHU-P 27/986–989, 1097, opercular bones; NMNHU-P 27/1035, 1071–1076, 1614, cleithra. All material from the
|
||
<typeStatus id="5486882AC70EBE2A01FFBD77FD63D9A2" box="[702,752,1902,1927]" pageId="6" pageNumber="127">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality and horizon.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B823688C70EBE2A001FB99AFA4ADA59" blockId="6.[862,1535,899,1148]" pageId="6" pageNumber="127">
|
||
<emphasis id="B949EA9AC70EBE2A001FB99AFC5DDDB9" box="[862,974,899,924]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="127">Diagnosis</emphasis>
|
||
.—
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3D4D0BC70EBE2A00B1B99AFB06DDB9" authority="Kovalchuk & Wilson & Grande, 2017" authorityName="Kovalchuk & Wilson & Grande" authorityYear="2017" box="[1008,1173,899,924]" family="Esocidae" genus="Esox" kingdom="Animalia" order="Esociformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="127" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nogaicus" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B949EA9AC70EBE2A00B1B99AFB06DDB9" box="[1008,1173,899,924]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="127">Esox nogaicus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27A57E1C70EBE2A07E0B99AFB6ADDB9" box="[1185,1273,899,924]" pageId="6" pageNumber="127" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
differs from other esocids in the following combination of characters: (i) massive dentary with wide dental shelf and high symphysis; (ii) well-developed antero-ventral crest on frontal; (iii) large angle between horizontal crest and preopercular process of opercle and wide foramen on hyomandibula; (iv) low anguloarticular with wide retroarticular process; (v) long and flat dentigerous surface on palatine; (vi) wide articular crest on cleithrum.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B823688C70EBE2A001FBE97FA26D8A2" blockId="6.[862,1535,1166,1959]" pageId="6" pageNumber="127">
|
||
<emphasis id="B949EA9AC70EBE2A001FBE97FC75DA82" box="[862,998,1166,1191]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="127">Description</emphasis>
|
||
.—The dentary (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13062A0DC70EBE2A07EEBE97FA9FDA82" box="[1199,1292,1166,1191]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="8.[151,184,1769,1789]" captionTargetId="figure-8@7.[99,1479,162,1951]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Fig. 4. Isolated elements assigned to a pike Esox nogaicus sp. nov. from Southeastern Europe, Nogaisk; Pleistocene. A. Holotype, right dentary (NMNHU-P 27/1697), occlusal (A1) and lateral (A1) views. B. Left frontal (NMNHU-P 27/1124), lateral view. C. Left parietal (NMNHU-P 27/1129), dorsal view. D. Vomer (NMNHU-P 27/1088), ventral view. E. Parasphenoid (NMNHU-P 27/1047), ventral (E1) and dorsal (E2) views. F. Left hyomandibular (NMNHU-P 27/1093), lateral (F1) and medial (F2) views. G. Left maxilla (NMNHU-P 27/1036), lateral view. H. Right articular (NMNHU-P 27/1024), medial view. I. Right palatine (NMNHU-P 27/1115), ventral (I1), lateral (I2), and dorsal (I3) views. J. Right opercular (NMNHU-P 27/986), medial view. K. Left ceratohyal (NMNHU-P 27/1059), medial view. L. Right quadrate (NMNHU-P 27/1012), medial view. M. Left cleithrum (NMNHU-P 27/1035), medial view. A2, G, H, I1, I2, M, anterior to right; A1, B, I3, J, L, anterior to left; C–F, K, anterior towards top. Scale bars 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11061623" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11061623/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="127">Fig. 4A</figureCitation>
|
||
) is massive, with a well-developed wide dental shelf, a deep symphysis, and uniserial dentition. The anterior (toothed) edge of the dentary is straight and thickened near the symphysis. The oral margin is relatively high. C-shaped tooth bases occupy the anterior two-thirds of the tooth row, with bases of fixed teeth and large replacement pits in the posterior third. A shallow lateral groove divides the anterior edge of the dentary and forms a ventral bulge in the symphysis. On the lateral surface, four pores for the mandibular sensory canal (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAC4B79C70EBE2A0024BFD7FC67DBC2" author="Nelson, G. J." box="[869,1012,1486,1511]" pageId="6" pageNumber="127" pagination="1 - 49" refId="ref12228" refString="Nelson, G. J. 1972. Cephalic sensory canals, pitlines, and the classification of esocoid fishes, with notes on galaxiids and other teleosts. American Museum Novitates 2492: 1 - 49." type="journal article" year="1972">Nelson 1972</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) are clearly visible near the ventral edge while, near the tooth row, the trigeminal foramen opens toward the posterior (see Wilson et al. 1992). Measurements of dentaries of the new species are as follows: height of dentary symphysis,
|
||
<quantity id="4CC59B6DC70EBE2A00A2BC57FBFFD842" box="[995,1132,1614,1639]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.85" metricValueMax="9.1" metricValueMin="6.6" pageId="6" pageNumber="127" unit="mm" value="7.85" valueMax="9.1" valueMin="6.6">6.6–9.1 mm</quantity>
|
||
; width of the dentary near the symphysis, 3.9–5.0 mm; width of tooth row,
|
||
<quantity id="4CC59B6DC70EBE2A0665BC77FA22D8A2" box="[1316,1457,1646,1671]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.35" metricValueMax="4.5" metricValueMin="4.2" pageId="6" pageNumber="127" unit="mm" value="4.35" valueMax="4.5" valueMin="4.2">4.2–4.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B823688C70EBE2A00C5BC97FAF9D902" blockId="6.[862,1535,1166,1959]" pageId="6" pageNumber="127">
|
||
The posterior part of the medial suture edge of the frontal (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13062A0DC70EBE2A00CEBCB7FC74D8E2" box="[911,999,1710,1735]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="8.[151,184,1769,1789]" captionTargetId="figure-8@7.[99,1479,162,1951]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Fig. 4. Isolated elements assigned to a pike Esox nogaicus sp. nov. from Southeastern Europe, Nogaisk; Pleistocene. A. Holotype, right dentary (NMNHU-P 27/1697), occlusal (A1) and lateral (A1) views. B. Left frontal (NMNHU-P 27/1124), lateral view. C. Left parietal (NMNHU-P 27/1129), dorsal view. D. Vomer (NMNHU-P 27/1088), ventral view. E. Parasphenoid (NMNHU-P 27/1047), ventral (E1) and dorsal (E2) views. F. Left hyomandibular (NMNHU-P 27/1093), lateral (F1) and medial (F2) views. G. Left maxilla (NMNHU-P 27/1036), lateral view. H. Right articular (NMNHU-P 27/1024), medial view. I. Right palatine (NMNHU-P 27/1115), ventral (I1), lateral (I2), and dorsal (I3) views. J. Right opercular (NMNHU-P 27/986), medial view. K. Left ceratohyal (NMNHU-P 27/1059), medial view. L. Right quadrate (NMNHU-P 27/1012), medial view. M. Left cleithrum (NMNHU-P 27/1035), medial view. A2, G, H, I1, I2, M, anterior to right; A1, B, I3, J, L, anterior to left; C–F, K, anterior towards top. Scale bars 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11061623" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11061623/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="127">Fig. 4B</figureCitation>
|
||
) is slightly thickened, with a wide sphenotic ledge, a clearly expressed antero-ventral crest, and a narrow side branch of the supraorbital canal. The dorsal surface of the bone is sculptured by radial smooth plates.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B823688C70EBE2A00C5BD37FA03D942" blockId="6.[862,1535,1166,1959]" pageId="6" pageNumber="127">
|
||
The parietal (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13062A0DC70EBE2A0761BD37FBEBD962" box="[1056,1144,1838,1863]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="8.[151,184,1769,1789]" captionTargetId="figure-8@7.[99,1479,162,1951]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Fig. 4. Isolated elements assigned to a pike Esox nogaicus sp. nov. from Southeastern Europe, Nogaisk; Pleistocene. A. Holotype, right dentary (NMNHU-P 27/1697), occlusal (A1) and lateral (A1) views. B. Left frontal (NMNHU-P 27/1124), lateral view. C. Left parietal (NMNHU-P 27/1129), dorsal view. D. Vomer (NMNHU-P 27/1088), ventral view. E. Parasphenoid (NMNHU-P 27/1047), ventral (E1) and dorsal (E2) views. F. Left hyomandibular (NMNHU-P 27/1093), lateral (F1) and medial (F2) views. G. Left maxilla (NMNHU-P 27/1036), lateral view. H. Right articular (NMNHU-P 27/1024), medial view. I. Right palatine (NMNHU-P 27/1115), ventral (I1), lateral (I2), and dorsal (I3) views. J. Right opercular (NMNHU-P 27/986), medial view. K. Left ceratohyal (NMNHU-P 27/1059), medial view. L. Right quadrate (NMNHU-P 27/1012), medial view. M. Left cleithrum (NMNHU-P 27/1035), medial view. A2, G, H, I1, I2, M, anterior to right; A1, B, I3, J, L, anterior to left; C–F, K, anterior towards top. Scale bars 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11061623" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11061623/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="127">Fig. 4C</figureCitation>
|
||
) is massive, with a wide posterolateral process and a well-developed ventral crest.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B823688C70EBE2400C5BD77FD1BDC24" blockId="6.[862,1535,1166,1959]" lastBlockId="8.[151,825,160,1729]" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="129" pageId="6" pageNumber="127">
|
||
The front edge of the vomer (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13062A0DC70EBE2A07A4BD77FAADD9A2" box="[1253,1342,1902,1927]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="8.[151,184,1769,1789]" captionTargetId="figure-8@7.[99,1479,162,1951]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Fig. 4. Isolated elements assigned to a pike Esox nogaicus sp. nov. from Southeastern Europe, Nogaisk; Pleistocene. A. Holotype, right dentary (NMNHU-P 27/1697), occlusal (A1) and lateral (A1) views. B. Left frontal (NMNHU-P 27/1124), lateral view. C. Left parietal (NMNHU-P 27/1129), dorsal view. D. Vomer (NMNHU-P 27/1088), ventral view. E. Parasphenoid (NMNHU-P 27/1047), ventral (E1) and dorsal (E2) views. F. Left hyomandibular (NMNHU-P 27/1093), lateral (F1) and medial (F2) views. G. Left maxilla (NMNHU-P 27/1036), lateral view. H. Right articular (NMNHU-P 27/1024), medial view. I. Right palatine (NMNHU-P 27/1115), ventral (I1), lateral (I2), and dorsal (I3) views. J. Right opercular (NMNHU-P 27/986), medial view. K. Left ceratohyal (NMNHU-P 27/1059), medial view. L. Right quadrate (NMNHU-P 27/1012), medial view. M. Left cleithrum (NMNHU-P 27/1035), medial view. A2, G, H, I1, I2, M, anterior to right; A1, B, I3, J, L, anterior to left; C–F, K, anterior towards top. Scale bars 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11061623" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11061623/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="127">Fig. 4D</figureCitation>
|
||
) is smooth. The anterior premaxillary process of the vomer forms an angle of 115° with the longitudinal axis of the bone. The elongate dental field on the shaft of the vomer is relatively wide (
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED2CAE4DC700BE2403DEBAF8FF73DEDF" box="[159,224,225,250]" pageId="8" pageNumber="129">WDF</collectionCode>
|
||
<quantity id="4CC59B6DC700BE2403A6BAF8FEFEDEDF" box="[231,365,225,250]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.949999999999999" metricValueMax="6.8" metricValueMin="5.1" pageId="8" pageNumber="129" unit="mm" value="5.949999999999999" valueMax="6.8" valueMin="5.1">5.1–6.8 mm</quantity>
|
||
) and has numerous very small C-shaped tooth bases. The dental field tapers anteriorly, and connects at a small neck to the triangular anterior dental field on the vomerine head (
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED2CAE4DC700BE240239BB5DFE28DF78" box="[376,443,324,349]" pageId="8" pageNumber="129">WCV</collectionCode>
|
||
<quantity id="4CC59B6DC700BE240282BB5DFDF2DF78" box="[451,609,324,349]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.27" metricValueMax="1.43" metricValueMin="1.1099999999999999" pageId="8" pageNumber="129" unit="mm" value="12.7" valueMax="14.3" valueMin="11.1">11.1–14.3 mm</quantity>
|
||
). There are several larger, medial C-shaped tooth bases (
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED2CAE4DC700BE24017FBB7CFDE8DF5B" box="[574,635,357,382]" pageId="8" pageNumber="129">DDC</collectionCode>
|
||
<quantity id="4CC59B6DC700BE2401C2BB7CFC9FDF5B" box="[643,780,357,382]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.3499999999999996" metricValueMax="2.4" metricValueMin="2.3" pageId="8" pageNumber="129" unit="mm" value="2.3499999999999996" valueMax="2.4" valueMin="2.3">2.3–2.4 mm</quantity>
|
||
) on the vomerine head, their sizes increase laterally. A single pair of even larger replacement pits suggests the presence of fixed teeth (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13062A0DC700BE24025CBBDEFEE7DFC5" box="[285,372,455,480]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="8.[151,184,1769,1789]" captionTargetId="figure-8@7.[99,1479,162,1951]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Fig. 4. Isolated elements assigned to a pike Esox nogaicus sp. nov. from Southeastern Europe, Nogaisk; Pleistocene. A. Holotype, right dentary (NMNHU-P 27/1697), occlusal (A1) and lateral (A1) views. B. Left frontal (NMNHU-P 27/1124), lateral view. C. Left parietal (NMNHU-P 27/1129), dorsal view. D. Vomer (NMNHU-P 27/1088), ventral view. E. Parasphenoid (NMNHU-P 27/1047), ventral (E1) and dorsal (E2) views. F. Left hyomandibular (NMNHU-P 27/1093), lateral (F1) and medial (F2) views. G. Left maxilla (NMNHU-P 27/1036), lateral view. H. Right articular (NMNHU-P 27/1024), medial view. I. Right palatine (NMNHU-P 27/1115), ventral (I1), lateral (I2), and dorsal (I3) views. J. Right opercular (NMNHU-P 27/986), medial view. K. Left ceratohyal (NMNHU-P 27/1059), medial view. L. Right quadrate (NMNHU-P 27/1012), medial view. M. Left cleithrum (NMNHU-P 27/1035), medial view. A2, G, H, I1, I2, M, anterior to right; A1, B, I3, J, L, anterior to left; C–F, K, anterior towards top. Scale bars 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11061623" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11061623/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="129">Fig. 4D</figureCitation>
|
||
). Similar replacement pits can be seen in several other vomers of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3D4D0BC700BE2402E7BBF1FDB8DC24" authority="Kovalchuk & Wilson & Grande, 2017" authorityName="Kovalchuk & Wilson & Grande" authorityYear="2017" box="[422,555,488,513]" family="Esocidae" genus="Esox" kingdom="Animalia" order="Esociformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="129" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nogaicus" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B949EA9AC700BE2402E7BBF1FDB8DC24" box="[422,555,488,513]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="129">E. nogaicus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27A57E1C700BE240172BBF1FD1BDC24" box="[563,648,488,513]" pageId="8" pageNumber="129" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B823688C700BE2403FCB810FE9BDCC2" blockId="8.[151,825,160,1729]" pageId="8" pageNumber="129">
|
||
Both anterior and posterior parts of the parasphenoid (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13062A0DC700BE2403E1B833FF66DC66" box="[160,245,554,579]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="8.[151,184,1769,1789]" captionTargetId="figure-8@7.[99,1479,162,1951]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Fig. 4. Isolated elements assigned to a pike Esox nogaicus sp. nov. from Southeastern Europe, Nogaisk; Pleistocene. A. Holotype, right dentary (NMNHU-P 27/1697), occlusal (A1) and lateral (A1) views. B. Left frontal (NMNHU-P 27/1124), lateral view. C. Left parietal (NMNHU-P 27/1129), dorsal view. D. Vomer (NMNHU-P 27/1088), ventral view. E. Parasphenoid (NMNHU-P 27/1047), ventral (E1) and dorsal (E2) views. F. Left hyomandibular (NMNHU-P 27/1093), lateral (F1) and medial (F2) views. G. Left maxilla (NMNHU-P 27/1036), lateral view. H. Right articular (NMNHU-P 27/1024), medial view. I. Right palatine (NMNHU-P 27/1115), ventral (I1), lateral (I2), and dorsal (I3) views. J. Right opercular (NMNHU-P 27/986), medial view. K. Left ceratohyal (NMNHU-P 27/1059), medial view. L. Right quadrate (NMNHU-P 27/1012), medial view. M. Left cleithrum (NMNHU-P 27/1035), medial view. A2, G, H, I1, I2, M, anterior to right; A1, B, I3, J, L, anterior to left; C–F, K, anterior towards top. Scale bars 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11061623" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11061623/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="129">Fig. 4E</figureCitation>
|
||
) are long:
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED2CAE4DC700BE240230B833FE2ADC66" box="[369,441,554,579]" pageId="8" pageNumber="129">WPSa</collectionCode>
|
||
<quantity id="4CC59B6DC700BE240281B833FDD9DC66" box="[448,586,554,579]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.4" metricValueMax="9.5" metricValueMin="7.3" pageId="8" pageNumber="129" unit="mm" value="8.4" valueMax="9.5" valueMin="7.3">7.3–9.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED2CAE4DC700BE240117B833FD0CDC66" box="[598,671,554,579]" pageId="8" pageNumber="129">WPSp</collectionCode>
|
||
<quantity id="4CC59B6DC700BE2401E7B833FCA7DC66" box="[678,820,554,579]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.75" metricValueMax="8.6" metricValueMin="6.9" pageId="8" pageNumber="129" unit="mm" value="7.75" valueMax="8.6" valueMin="6.9">6.9–8.6 mm</quantity>
|
||
. The narrow anterior median crest passes without a neck into the posteriorly extended dorsal medial crest. Carotid grooves are clearly expressed and deepened anteromedially. The angle between the postcarotid crests is about 110–120°.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B823688C700BE2403FCB8F6FC9CDDA9" blockId="8.[151,825,160,1729]" pageId="8" pageNumber="129">
|
||
The upper edge of the hyomandibula (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13062A0DC700BE240139B8F6FD59DD2D" box="[632,714,751,776]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="8.[151,184,1769,1789]" captionTargetId="figure-8@7.[99,1479,162,1951]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Fig. 4. Isolated elements assigned to a pike Esox nogaicus sp. nov. from Southeastern Europe, Nogaisk; Pleistocene. A. Holotype, right dentary (NMNHU-P 27/1697), occlusal (A1) and lateral (A1) views. B. Left frontal (NMNHU-P 27/1124), lateral view. C. Left parietal (NMNHU-P 27/1129), dorsal view. D. Vomer (NMNHU-P 27/1088), ventral view. E. Parasphenoid (NMNHU-P 27/1047), ventral (E1) and dorsal (E2) views. F. Left hyomandibular (NMNHU-P 27/1093), lateral (F1) and medial (F2) views. G. Left maxilla (NMNHU-P 27/1036), lateral view. H. Right articular (NMNHU-P 27/1024), medial view. I. Right palatine (NMNHU-P 27/1115), ventral (I1), lateral (I2), and dorsal (I3) views. J. Right opercular (NMNHU-P 27/986), medial view. K. Left ceratohyal (NMNHU-P 27/1059), medial view. L. Right quadrate (NMNHU-P 27/1012), medial view. M. Left cleithrum (NMNHU-P 27/1035), medial view. A2, G, H, I1, I2, M, anterior to right; A1, B, I3, J, L, anterior to left; C–F, K, anterior towards top. Scale bars 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11061623" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11061623/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="129">Fig. 4F</figureCitation>
|
||
<subScript id="17B934CDC700BE24018BB8E3FD40DD2E" attach="left" box="[714,723,762,779]" fontSize="7" pageId="8" pageNumber="129">1</subScript>
|
||
, F
|
||
<subScript id="17B934CDC700BE2401B2B8E3FD6FDD2E" attach="left" box="[755,764,762,779]" fontSize="7" pageId="8" pageNumber="129">2</subScript>
|
||
) and the horizontal crest on the medial surface are almost parallel. The angle between the horizontal crest and the preopercular process is about 120°. There is a deep notch between the wall and the upper edge of the preopercular process.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B823688C700BE2403FCB98AFD11DDCB" blockId="8.[151,825,160,1729]" pageId="8" pageNumber="129">
|
||
The maxilla (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13062A0DC700BE24021EB98AFE29DD89" box="[351,442,915,940]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="8.[151,184,1769,1789]" captionTargetId="figure-8@7.[99,1479,162,1951]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Fig. 4. Isolated elements assigned to a pike Esox nogaicus sp. nov. from Southeastern Europe, Nogaisk; Pleistocene. A. Holotype, right dentary (NMNHU-P 27/1697), occlusal (A1) and lateral (A1) views. B. Left frontal (NMNHU-P 27/1124), lateral view. C. Left parietal (NMNHU-P 27/1129), dorsal view. D. Vomer (NMNHU-P 27/1088), ventral view. E. Parasphenoid (NMNHU-P 27/1047), ventral (E1) and dorsal (E2) views. F. Left hyomandibular (NMNHU-P 27/1093), lateral (F1) and medial (F2) views. G. Left maxilla (NMNHU-P 27/1036), lateral view. H. Right articular (NMNHU-P 27/1024), medial view. I. Right palatine (NMNHU-P 27/1115), ventral (I1), lateral (I2), and dorsal (I3) views. J. Right opercular (NMNHU-P 27/986), medial view. K. Left ceratohyal (NMNHU-P 27/1059), medial view. L. Right quadrate (NMNHU-P 27/1012), medial view. M. Left cleithrum (NMNHU-P 27/1035), medial view. A2, G, H, I1, I2, M, anterior to right; A1, B, I3, J, L, anterior to left; C–F, K, anterior towards top. Scale bars 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11061623" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11061623/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="129">Fig. 4G</figureCitation>
|
||
) is highly elongated (
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED2CAE4DC700BE240180B98AFD7EDD89" box="[705,749,915,940]" pageId="8" pageNumber="129">LM</collectionCode>
|
||
<quantity id="4CC59B6DC700BE2401B8B98AFF68DDE8" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.59" metricValueMax="6.15" metricValueMin="5.029999999999999" pageId="8" pageNumber="129" unit="mm" value="55.9" valueMax="61.5" valueMin="50.3">50.3– 61.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
), with wider posterior and narrower anterior parts. The short medial process has a rounded tip.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B823688C700BE2403FCB9EFFE49DAB7" blockId="8.[151,825,160,1729]" pageId="8" pageNumber="129">
|
||
The articular (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13062A0DC700BE240226B9EFFE51DA2A" box="[359,450,1014,1039]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="8.[151,184,1769,1789]" captionTargetId="figure-8@7.[99,1479,162,1951]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Fig. 4. Isolated elements assigned to a pike Esox nogaicus sp. nov. from Southeastern Europe, Nogaisk; Pleistocene. A. Holotype, right dentary (NMNHU-P 27/1697), occlusal (A1) and lateral (A1) views. B. Left frontal (NMNHU-P 27/1124), lateral view. C. Left parietal (NMNHU-P 27/1129), dorsal view. D. Vomer (NMNHU-P 27/1088), ventral view. E. Parasphenoid (NMNHU-P 27/1047), ventral (E1) and dorsal (E2) views. F. Left hyomandibular (NMNHU-P 27/1093), lateral (F1) and medial (F2) views. G. Left maxilla (NMNHU-P 27/1036), lateral view. H. Right articular (NMNHU-P 27/1024), medial view. I. Right palatine (NMNHU-P 27/1115), ventral (I1), lateral (I2), and dorsal (I3) views. J. Right opercular (NMNHU-P 27/986), medial view. K. Left ceratohyal (NMNHU-P 27/1059), medial view. L. Right quadrate (NMNHU-P 27/1012), medial view. M. Left cleithrum (NMNHU-P 27/1035), medial view. A2, G, H, I1, I2, M, anterior to right; A1, B, I3, J, L, anterior to left; C–F, K, anterior towards top. Scale bars 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11061623" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11061623/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="129">Fig. 4H</figureCitation>
|
||
) is characterized by a low wall (the anguloarticular angle is 40–45°), an uvular notch of the articular facet (
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED2CAE4DC700BE240207BE21FEEDDA74" box="[326,382,1080,1105]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14554" name="University of Louisiana at Lafayette" pageId="8" pageNumber="129" type="Herbarium">LAF</collectionCode>
|
||
<quantity id="4CC59B6DC700BE2402C6BE21FD83DA74" box="[391,528,1080,1105]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.25" metricValueMax="5.6" metricValueMin="4.9" pageId="8" pageNumber="129" unit="mm" value="5.25" valueMax="5.6" valueMin="4.9">4.9–5.6 mm</quantity>
|
||
), and a wide and elevated retroarticular process. There is an elongated keel at the posteroventral edge of the bone.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B823688C700BE2403FCBE83FEB4DB5D" blockId="8.[151,825,160,1729]" pageId="8" pageNumber="129">
|
||
The palatine (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13062A0DC700BE240218BE83FE35DA96" box="[345,422,1178,1203]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="8.[151,184,1769,1789]" captionTargetId="figure-8@7.[99,1479,162,1951]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Fig. 4. Isolated elements assigned to a pike Esox nogaicus sp. nov. from Southeastern Europe, Nogaisk; Pleistocene. A. Holotype, right dentary (NMNHU-P 27/1697), occlusal (A1) and lateral (A1) views. B. Left frontal (NMNHU-P 27/1124), lateral view. C. Left parietal (NMNHU-P 27/1129), dorsal view. D. Vomer (NMNHU-P 27/1088), ventral view. E. Parasphenoid (NMNHU-P 27/1047), ventral (E1) and dorsal (E2) views. F. Left hyomandibular (NMNHU-P 27/1093), lateral (F1) and medial (F2) views. G. Left maxilla (NMNHU-P 27/1036), lateral view. H. Right articular (NMNHU-P 27/1024), medial view. I. Right palatine (NMNHU-P 27/1115), ventral (I1), lateral (I2), and dorsal (I3) views. J. Right opercular (NMNHU-P 27/986), medial view. K. Left ceratohyal (NMNHU-P 27/1059), medial view. L. Right quadrate (NMNHU-P 27/1012), medial view. M. Left cleithrum (NMNHU-P 27/1035), medial view. A2, G, H, I1, I2, M, anterior to right; A1, B, I3, J, L, anterior to left; C–F, K, anterior towards top. Scale bars 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11061623" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11061623/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="129">Fig. 4I</figureCitation>
|
||
) has a large maxillary process with a wide fossa articularis and a small notch beside it. The dentigerous surface is long and flat. There are C-shaped bases from six rows of small, depressible teeth on the ventral surface, the largest bases located anteriorly in the medial row. The width of the bone is in the range
|
||
<quantity id="4CC59B6DC700BE240132BF27FD64DB72" box="[627,759,1342,1367]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.45" metricValueMax="7.2" metricValueMin="5.7" pageId="8" pageNumber="129" unit="mm" value="6.45" valueMax="7.2" valueMin="5.7">5.7–7.2 mm</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED2CAE4DC700BE240042BF27FCABDB72" box="[771,824,1342,1367]" pageId="8" pageNumber="129">DFA</collectionCode>
|
||
<quantity id="4CC59B6DC700BE2403D6BF46FEB0DB5D" box="[151,291,1375,1400]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" metricValueMax="4.8" metricValueMin="3.2" pageId="8" pageNumber="129" unit="mm" value="4.0" valueMax="4.8" valueMin="3.2">3.2–4.8 mm</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B823688C700BE2403FCBF99FD48DB9F" blockId="8.[151,825,160,1729]" pageId="8" pageNumber="129">
|
||
The opercular (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13062A0DC700BE240233BF99FE57DBBC" box="[370,452,1408,1433]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="8.[151,184,1769,1789]" captionTargetId="figure-8@7.[99,1479,162,1951]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Fig. 4. Isolated elements assigned to a pike Esox nogaicus sp. nov. from Southeastern Europe, Nogaisk; Pleistocene. A. Holotype, right dentary (NMNHU-P 27/1697), occlusal (A1) and lateral (A1) views. B. Left frontal (NMNHU-P 27/1124), lateral view. C. Left parietal (NMNHU-P 27/1129), dorsal view. D. Vomer (NMNHU-P 27/1088), ventral view. E. Parasphenoid (NMNHU-P 27/1047), ventral (E1) and dorsal (E2) views. F. Left hyomandibular (NMNHU-P 27/1093), lateral (F1) and medial (F2) views. G. Left maxilla (NMNHU-P 27/1036), lateral view. H. Right articular (NMNHU-P 27/1024), medial view. I. Right palatine (NMNHU-P 27/1115), ventral (I1), lateral (I2), and dorsal (I3) views. J. Right opercular (NMNHU-P 27/986), medial view. K. Left ceratohyal (NMNHU-P 27/1059), medial view. L. Right quadrate (NMNHU-P 27/1012), medial view. M. Left cleithrum (NMNHU-P 27/1035), medial view. A2, G, H, I1, I2, M, anterior to right; A1, B, I3, J, L, anterior to left; C–F, K, anterior towards top. Scale bars 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11061623" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11061623/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="129">Fig. 4J</figureCitation>
|
||
) is flat and almost rectangular, with smooth edges. The articular facet is lenticular.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B823688C700BE2403FCBFDBFE85D818" blockId="8.[151,825,160,1729]" pageId="8" pageNumber="129">
|
||
The massive barbell-shaped ceratohyals (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13062A0DC700BE2401E5BFDBFC92DBFE" box="[676,769,1474,1499]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="8.[151,184,1769,1789]" captionTargetId="figure-8@7.[99,1479,162,1951]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Fig. 4. Isolated elements assigned to a pike Esox nogaicus sp. nov. from Southeastern Europe, Nogaisk; Pleistocene. A. Holotype, right dentary (NMNHU-P 27/1697), occlusal (A1) and lateral (A1) views. B. Left frontal (NMNHU-P 27/1124), lateral view. C. Left parietal (NMNHU-P 27/1129), dorsal view. D. Vomer (NMNHU-P 27/1088), ventral view. E. Parasphenoid (NMNHU-P 27/1047), ventral (E1) and dorsal (E2) views. F. Left hyomandibular (NMNHU-P 27/1093), lateral (F1) and medial (F2) views. G. Left maxilla (NMNHU-P 27/1036), lateral view. H. Right articular (NMNHU-P 27/1024), medial view. I. Right palatine (NMNHU-P 27/1115), ventral (I1), lateral (I2), and dorsal (I3) views. J. Right opercular (NMNHU-P 27/986), medial view. K. Left ceratohyal (NMNHU-P 27/1059), medial view. L. Right quadrate (NMNHU-P 27/1012), medial view. M. Left cleithrum (NMNHU-P 27/1035), medial view. A2, G, H, I1, I2, M, anterior to right; A1, B, I3, J, L, anterior to left; C–F, K, anterior towards top. Scale bars 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11061623" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11061623/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="129">Fig. 4K</figureCitation>
|
||
) are mostly represented by their medial parts with broken ends; they have weekly expressed branchiostegal pits and a wide main shaft.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B823688C700BE2403FCBC5CFA22DEFC" blockId="8.[151,825,160,1729]" lastBlockId="8.[862,1535,160,314]" pageId="8" pageNumber="129">
|
||
The quadrate (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13062A0DC700BE24022BBC5CFE2CD87B" box="[362,447,1605,1630]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="8.[151,184,1769,1789]" captionTargetId="figure-8@7.[99,1479,162,1951]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Fig. 4. Isolated elements assigned to a pike Esox nogaicus sp. nov. from Southeastern Europe, Nogaisk; Pleistocene. A. Holotype, right dentary (NMNHU-P 27/1697), occlusal (A1) and lateral (A1) views. B. Left frontal (NMNHU-P 27/1124), lateral view. C. Left parietal (NMNHU-P 27/1129), dorsal view. D. Vomer (NMNHU-P 27/1088), ventral view. E. Parasphenoid (NMNHU-P 27/1047), ventral (E1) and dorsal (E2) views. F. Left hyomandibular (NMNHU-P 27/1093), lateral (F1) and medial (F2) views. G. Left maxilla (NMNHU-P 27/1036), lateral view. H. Right articular (NMNHU-P 27/1024), medial view. I. Right palatine (NMNHU-P 27/1115), ventral (I1), lateral (I2), and dorsal (I3) views. J. Right opercular (NMNHU-P 27/986), medial view. K. Left ceratohyal (NMNHU-P 27/1059), medial view. L. Right quadrate (NMNHU-P 27/1012), medial view. M. Left cleithrum (NMNHU-P 27/1035), medial view. A2, G, H, I1, I2, M, anterior to right; A1, B, I3, J, L, anterior to left; C–F, K, anterior towards top. Scale bars 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11061623" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11061623/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="129">Fig. 4L</figureCitation>
|
||
) is more or less triangular. The articular condyle is doubled, with medial and lateral lobes, and forms an oblique articulation with the articular bone. In lateral view, the angle between the articular condyle and the body of the quadrate is about 80°. The notch of the anterior edge just above the condyle is narrow and elongated.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B823688C700BE2400C5BAF9FA33DF1F" blockId="8.[862,1535,160,314]" pageId="8" pageNumber="129">
|
||
The cleithrum (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13062A0DC700BE24077DBAF9FB0FDEDC" box="[1084,1180,224,249]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="8.[151,184,1769,1789]" captionTargetId="figure-8@7.[99,1479,162,1951]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Fig. 4. Isolated elements assigned to a pike Esox nogaicus sp. nov. from Southeastern Europe, Nogaisk; Pleistocene. A. Holotype, right dentary (NMNHU-P 27/1697), occlusal (A1) and lateral (A1) views. B. Left frontal (NMNHU-P 27/1124), lateral view. C. Left parietal (NMNHU-P 27/1129), dorsal view. D. Vomer (NMNHU-P 27/1088), ventral view. E. Parasphenoid (NMNHU-P 27/1047), ventral (E1) and dorsal (E2) views. F. Left hyomandibular (NMNHU-P 27/1093), lateral (F1) and medial (F2) views. G. Left maxilla (NMNHU-P 27/1036), lateral view. H. Right articular (NMNHU-P 27/1024), medial view. I. Right palatine (NMNHU-P 27/1115), ventral (I1), lateral (I2), and dorsal (I3) views. J. Right opercular (NMNHU-P 27/986), medial view. K. Left ceratohyal (NMNHU-P 27/1059), medial view. L. Right quadrate (NMNHU-P 27/1012), medial view. M. Left cleithrum (NMNHU-P 27/1035), medial view. A2, G, H, I1, I2, M, anterior to right; A1, B, I3, J, L, anterior to left; C–F, K, anterior towards top. Scale bars 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11061623" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11061623/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="129">Fig. 4M</figureCitation>
|
||
) is massive and characterized by a wide and well-developed, medially bending articular crest. The width of the main plate is
|
||
<quantity id="4CC59B6DC700BE2407BBBB38FA0FDF1F" box="[1274,1436,289,314]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1149999999999998" metricValueMax="1.21" metricValueMin="1.02" pageId="8" pageNumber="129" unit="mm" value="11.149999999999999" valueMax="12.1" valueMin="10.2">10.2–12.1 mm</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B823688C700BE24001FBB55FAA0DDAF" blockId="8.[862,1535,332,906]" pageId="8" pageNumber="129">
|
||
<emphasis id="B949EA9AC700BE24001FBB55FC53DF40" box="[862,960,332,357]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="129">Remarks</emphasis>
|
||
.—
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3D4D0BC700BE2400A5BB55FB1BDF40" authority="Kovalchuk & Wilson & Grande, 2017" authorityName="Kovalchuk & Wilson & Grande" authorityYear="2017" box="[996,1160,332,357]" family="Esocidae" genus="Esox" kingdom="Animalia" order="Esociformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="129" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nogaicus" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B949EA9AC700BE2400A5BB55FB1BDF40" box="[996,1160,332,357]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="129">Esox nogaicus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27A57E1C700BE2407D1BB55FB75DF40" box="[1168,1254,332,357]" pageId="8" pageNumber="129" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
is similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3D4D0BC700BE24063DBB55FA73DF40" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[1404,1504,332,357]" family="Esocidae" genus="Esox" kingdom="Animalia" order="Esociformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="129" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lucius">
|
||
<emphasis id="B949EA9AC700BE24063DBB55FA73DF40" box="[1404,1504,332,357]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="129">E. lucius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the uniserial dentition of the dentary, the well-developed anteroventral crest of the frontal, and in the structure of parietal, vomer, parasphenoid and opercular, but differs in its wider dental shelf and higher dentary symphysis, as well as its lower anguloarticular angle, flat dentigerous surface on palatine, and wider articular crest of the cleithrum.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3D4D0BC700BE240689B817FC4CDC62" authorityName="Sytchevskaya" authorityYear="1974" family="Esocidae" genus="Esox" kingdom="Animalia" order="Esociformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="129" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="moldavicus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B949EA9AC700BE240689B817FC4CDC62" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="129">Esox moldavicus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is close to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3D4D0BC700BE240723B837FB7BDC62" authority="Kovalchuk & Wilson & Grande, 2017" authorityName="Kovalchuk & Wilson & Grande" authorityYear="2017" box="[1122,1256,558,583]" family="Esocidae" genus="Esox" kingdom="Animalia" order="Esociformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="129" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nogaicus" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B949EA9AC700BE240723B837FB7BDC62" box="[1122,1256,558,583]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="129">E. nogaicus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27A57E1C700BE2407B0B837FADBDC62" box="[1265,1352,558,583]" pageId="8" pageNumber="129" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
in the structure of the dentary, but it differs in its weakly visible carotid grooves on parasphenoid, higher anguloarticular angle, and short toothed surface on the palatine. As compared to those in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3D4D0BC700BE24003CB8B6FB96DCED" authority="Kovalchuk & Wilson & Grande, 2017" authorityName="Kovalchuk & Wilson & Grande" authorityYear="2017" box="[893,1029,687,712]" family="Esocidae" genus="Esox" kingdom="Animalia" order="Esociformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="129" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nogaicus" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B949EA9AC700BE24003CB8B6FB96DCED" box="[893,1029,687,712]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="129">E. nogaicus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27A57E1C700BE24074EB8B6FBF5DCED" box="[1039,1126,687,712]" pageId="8" pageNumber="129" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
the dentaries of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3D4D0BC700BE24066AB8B6FA5EDCED" authorityName="Sytchevskaya" authorityYear="1974" box="[1323,1485,687,712]" family="Esocidae" genus="Esox" kingdom="Animalia" order="Esociformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="129" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sibiricus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B949EA9AC700BE24066AB8B6FA5EDCED" box="[1323,1485,687,712]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="129">Esox sibiricus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3D4D0BC700BE24001FB8D6FC74DCCD" baseAuthorityName="Sytchevskaya" baseAuthorityYear="1976" box="[862,999,719,744]" family="Esocidae" genus="Esox" kingdom="Animalia" order="Esociformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="129" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="reichertii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B949EA9AC700BE24001FB8D6FC74DCCD" box="[862,999,719,744]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="129">E. reichertii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are characterized by a small and weakly developed dental shelf, two-row dentition, a larger anguloarticular, a relatively short dentigerous surface on the palatine, and a wider articular crest on the quadrate; on the other hand, these species resemble
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3D4D0BC700BE2407FCB948FAD4DD4F" authority="Kovalchuk & Wilson & Grande, 2017" authorityName="Kovalchuk & Wilson & Grande" authorityYear="2017" box="[1213,1351,849,874]" family="Esocidae" genus="Esox" kingdom="Animalia" order="Esociformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="129" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nogaicus" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B949EA9AC700BE2407FCB948FAD4DD4F" box="[1213,1351,849,874]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="129">E. nogaicus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27A57E1C700BE240615B948FA3DDD4F" box="[1364,1454,849,874]" pageId="8" pageNumber="129" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
in the structure of the frontal and parasphenoid.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B823688C700BE24001FB985FC60DDF0" blockId="8.[862,1535,924,981]" pageId="8" pageNumber="129">
|
||
<emphasis id="B949EA9AC700BE24001FB985FA9FDD90" box="[862,1292,924,949]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="129">Stratigraphic and geographic range</emphasis>
|
||
.—
|
||
<typeStatus id="5486882AC700BE24066DB985FAF5DD90" box="[1324,1382,924,949]" pageId="8" pageNumber="129">Type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality and horizon only.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |