841 lines
84 KiB
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841 lines
84 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1085.76484" ID-GBIF-Dataset="6d8757d0-2163-4f8c-a24c-04c1b2527713" ID-PMC="PMC8828590" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-1085-11" ID-Pensoft-UUID="BCB299CAB97C57AF829ABCA5F7172BD6" ID-PubMed="35210903" ID-ZooBank="F8153EFB1CAD457F89B24D1804CE9A29" ModsDocID="1313-2970-1085-11" checkinTime="1643895577575" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Dong, Zhiwei, Liu, Xingyue, Mao, Chuyang, He, Jinwu & Li, Xueyan" docDate="2022" docId="9FF48D074FE95720AE239FCBD6875C8B" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 1085: 11-27" docOrigin="ZooKeys 1085" docPubDate="2022-02-02" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1085.76484" docTitle="Xenos yangi Dong, Liu & Li 2022, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docUuid="41C69672-2AD0-4E04-8C8B-F1F2352813A9" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="5" id="BCB299CAB97C57AF829ABCA5F7172BD6" lastPageNumber="11" masterDocId="BCB299CAB97C57AF829ABCA5F7172BD6" masterDocTitle="Xenos yangi sp. nov.: A new twisted-wing parasite species (Strepsiptera, Xenidae) from Gaoligong Mountains, Southwest China" masterLastPageNumber="27" masterPageNumber="11" pageNumber="11" updateTime="1668151458108" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Xenos yangi sp. nov.: A new twisted-wing parasite species (Strepsiptera, Xenidae) from Gaoligong Mountains, Southwest China</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Dong, Zhiwei</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, China</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Liu, Xingyue</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Department of Entomology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Mao, Chuyang</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, China & Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650204, China</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>He, Jinwu</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, China</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Li, Xueyan</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0457-7846</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation>State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, China</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">lixy@mail.kiz.ac.cn</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2022</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="pubDate">
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<mods:number>2022-02-02</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>1085</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>11</mods:start>
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<mods:end>27</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1085.76484</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1085.76484</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-1085-11</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">F8153EFB1CAD457F89B24D1804CE9A29</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">BCB299CAB97C57AF829ABCA5F7172BD6</mods:identifier>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="193255068" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:41C69672-2AD0-4E04-8C8B-F1F2352813A9" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/9FF48D074FE95720AE239FCBD6875C8B" lastPageNumber="11" pageId="0" pageNumber="11">
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="11" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="11">
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<taxonomicName LSID="http://zoobank.org/41C69672-2AD0-4E04-8C8B-F1F2352813A9" authority="Dong, Liu & Li" authorityName="Dong, Liu & Li" authorityYear="2022" class="Insecta" family="Xenidae" genus="Xenos" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Xenos yangi" order="Strepsiptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="yangi" status="sp. nov.">Xenos yangi Dong, Liu & Li</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="0" pageNumber="11">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="11" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="11">
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Xenos yangi Dong, Liu & Li sp. nov., male adult (holotype) A dorsal view (PRN, Pronotum; AC, Acrotergit; MN, Mesonotum; PC, Prescutum; SL, Scutellum; POL, Postlumbium; PN, Postnontum) B ventral view. Scale bar: 0.5 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1085.76484.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/641097" pageId="0" pageNumber="11">
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Chinese name
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<normalizedToken originalValue="杨氏胡蜂玥">杨氏胡蜂玥</normalizedToken>
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Figs 1
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</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Xenos yangi Dong, Liu & Li sp. nov., male adult A hind wing B right antenna C right maxilla and Xenos palpus D right mandible E foreleg (right) F midleg (right) G hind leg (right) H proventrite I mesoventrite J penis. Scale bars: 0.5 mm. A, B dorsal H, I ventral C-J, F lateral." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1085.76484.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/641098" pageId="0" pageNumber="11">, 2</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Xenos yangi Dong, Liu & Li sp. nov., male adult (SEM micrographs) A compound eye (lateral) B maxilla and Xenos palpus (lateral) C fourth antennomer (dorsal)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1085.76484.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/641099" pageId="0" pageNumber="11">, 3</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Xenos yangi Dong, Liu & Li sp. nov. A male cephalotheca frontal view (CP, Clypeus; AN, Antenna; EYE, Eye; MD, Mandible; MX, Maxillae) B female ventral view (BC, brood canal; BOR, birth organs) C, D female cephalothorax ventral view (BO, birth opening; SBHP, segmental border between head and prothorax; OS, mouth opening; MD, mandible). Scale bar: 0.5 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1085.76484.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/641100" pageId="0" pageNumber="11">, 4</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Xenos yangi Dong, Liu & Li sp. nov. and its host wasp. A Vespa velutina B Vespa bicolor C wasp host parasitized by the new species (red arrows: male puparium (left), female (right )) D living male. (dorsal view)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1085.76484.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/641101" pageId="0" pageNumber="11">, 5</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="11" type="type locality">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="11">Type locality.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="11">China, Yunnan, Longling County, Xiangda Township.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="11" type="type material">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="11">Type materials.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="11">
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<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="11">Holotype</emphasis>
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: male (KIZ0130767), "Gaoligong Mountains, Xiangda Township, Longling County, Yunnan Province,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="24.4441083" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="24.444109">24.4441083 N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="98.7239194" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="98.72392">98.7239194 E</geoCoordinate>
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, 1666 m, 20.XII.2019, local villagers leg.", kept in 75% ethanol, [red label]. (KIZ).
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<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="11">Paratypes</emphasis>
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: four males (KIZ0130768-KIZ0130771), three neotenic females (KIZ0130772-KIZ0130774), same data as holotype (KIZ), kept in 75% ethanol, [yellow label].
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</paragraph>
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<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.1085.76484.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/641097" pageId="0" pageNumber="11" start="Figure 1" startId="F1">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="11">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="11">Figure 1.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Dong, Liu & Li" authorityYear="2022" class="Insecta" family="Xenidae" genus="Xenos" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Xenos yangi" order="Strepsiptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="yangi">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="11">Xenos yangi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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Dong, Liu & Li sp. nov., male adult (holotype)
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="11">A</emphasis>
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dorsal view (PRN, Pronotum; AC,
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<taxonomicName genus="Acrotergit" lsidName="Acrotergit" pageId="0" pageNumber="11" rank="genus">Acrotergit</taxonomicName>
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; MN, Mesonotum; PC,
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<taxonomicName genus="Prescutum" lsidName="Prescutum" pageId="0" pageNumber="11" rank="genus">Prescutum</taxonomicName>
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; SL, Scutellum; POL,
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<taxonomicName genus="Postlumbium" lsidName="Postlumbium" pageId="0" pageNumber="11" rank="genus">Postlumbium</taxonomicName>
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; PN, Postnontum)
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="11">B</emphasis>
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ventral view. Scale bar: 0.5 mm.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="11" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="11">Other material examined.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="11">
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<materialsCitation accessionNumber="MW222190" collectingDate="2019-12-20" county="Longling County" location="One" municipality="One" specimenCount="one" specimenCount-male="1">
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<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:9FF48D074FE95720AE239FCBD6875C8B:12D0A55098EAE51566F5667E51B4241D" county="Longling County" municipality="One" name="One">One</location>
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neotenic female, "Gaoligong Mountains, Xiangda Township,
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<collectingCounty>Longling County</collectingCounty>
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, Yunnan Province,
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<collectingDate value="2019-12-20">20. XII. 2019</collectingDate>
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, local villagers leg.", partially used for extracting genomic DNA (accession number
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<accessionNumber httpUri="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nucleotide/MW222190">MW222190</accessionNumber>
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;
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<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1080/23802359.2021.1872443" author="Zhang, R" journalOrPublisher="Mitochondrial DNA, Part B" pageId="0" pageNumber="11" pagination="512 - 514" refId="B32" refString="Zhang, R, Li, J, Mao, CY, Dong, ZW, He, JW, Liu, GC, Zhao, RP, Wang, W, Li, XY, 2021. The mitochondrial genome of one 'twisted-wing parasite' Xenos cf. moutoni (Insecta, Strepsiptera, Xenidae) from Gaoligong Mountains, Southwest of China. Mitochondrial DNA, Part B 6 (2): 512 - 514, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/23802359.2021.1872443" title="The mitochondrial genome of one ' twisted-wing parasite' Xenos cf. moutoni (Insecta, Strepsiptera, Xenidae) from Gaoligong Mountains, Southwest of China." url="https://doi.org/10.1080/23802359.2021.1872443" volume="6" year="2021">Zhang et al. 2021</bibRefCitation>
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).
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<collectingMunicipality>One</collectingMunicipality>
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neotenic female and
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<specimenCount type="male">one male</specimenCount>
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, "Gaoligong Mountains, Xiangda Township, Longling County, Yunnan Province,
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<collectingDate value="2019-12-20">20. XII. 2019</collectingDate>
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, local villagers leg.", both partially used for extracting genomic DNA in this study
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</materialsCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="11" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="11">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="11">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="11">Male.</emphasis>
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Head transverse. Antenna (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Xenos yangi Dong, Liu & Li sp. nov., male adult A hind wing B right antenna C right maxilla and Xenos palpus D right mandible E foreleg (right) F midleg (right) G hind leg (right) H proventrite I mesoventrite J penis. Scale bars: 0.5 mm. A, B dorsal H, I ventral C-J, F lateral." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1085.76484.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/641098" pageId="0" pageNumber="11">2B</figureCitation>
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) four-segmented, 1st with distal lateral extension and wider than 2nd, 3rd and 4th flabellate with subequal length. Palpus twice as long as maxilla (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Xenos yangi Dong, Liu & Li sp. nov., male adult A hind wing B right antenna C right maxilla and Xenos palpus D right mandible E foreleg (right) F midleg (right) G hind leg (right) H proventrite I mesoventrite J penis. Scale bars: 0.5 mm. A, B dorsal H, I ventral C-J, F lateral." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1085.76484.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/641098" pageId="0" pageNumber="11">2C</figureCitation>
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). Mandible (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Xenos yangi Dong, Liu & Li sp. nov., male adult A hind wing B right antenna C right maxilla and Xenos palpus D right mandible E foreleg (right) F midleg (right) G hind leg (right) H proventrite I mesoventrite J penis. Scale bars: 0.5 mm. A, B dorsal H, I ventral C-J, F lateral." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1085.76484.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/641098" pageId="0" pageNumber="11">2D</figureCitation>
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) slender, widened at base, tapering at tip.
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<taxonomicName genus="Prescutum" lsidName="Prescutum" pageId="0" pageNumber="11" rank="genus">Prescutum</taxonomicName>
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pentagonal. Scutellum longitudinally elongated, triangular.
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<taxonomicName genus="Proventrite" lsidName="Proventrite" pageId="0" pageNumber="11" rank="genus">Proventrite</taxonomicName>
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posteromedially with a small U-shaped notch, forming a pair of small lobes (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Xenos yangi Dong, Liu & Li sp. nov., male adult A hind wing B right antenna C right maxilla and Xenos palpus D right mandible E foreleg (right) F midleg (right) G hind leg (right) H proventrite I mesoventrite J penis. Scale bars: 0.5 mm. A, B dorsal H, I ventral C-J, F lateral." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1085.76484.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/641098" pageId="0" pageNumber="11">2H</figureCitation>
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). Mesoventrite posteromedially bifurcated into a pair of long digitiform projections (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Xenos yangi Dong, Liu & Li sp. nov., male adult A hind wing B right antenna C right maxilla and Xenos palpus D right mandible E foreleg (right) F midleg (right) G hind leg (right) H proventrite I mesoventrite J penis. Scale bars: 0.5 mm. A, B dorsal H, I ventral C-J, F lateral." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1085.76484.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/641098" pageId="0" pageNumber="11">2I</figureCitation>
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). Tarsus four-segmented, without claws (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Xenos yangi Dong, Liu & Li sp. nov., male adult A hind wing B right antenna C right maxilla and Xenos palpus D right mandible E foreleg (right) F midleg (right) G hind leg (right) H proventrite I mesoventrite J penis. Scale bars: 0.5 mm. A, B dorsal H, I ventral C-J, F lateral." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1085.76484.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/641098" pageId="0" pageNumber="11">2E-G</figureCitation>
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). Penis colter-shaped (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Xenos yangi Dong, Liu & Li sp. nov., male adult A hind wing B right antenna C right maxilla and Xenos palpus D right mandible E foreleg (right) F midleg (right) G hind leg (right) H proventrite I mesoventrite J penis. Scale bars: 0.5 mm. A, B dorsal H, I ventral C-J, F lateral." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1085.76484.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/641098" pageId="0" pageNumber="11">2J</figureCitation>
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).
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="11">Cephalotheca of male puparium</emphasis>
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(Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Xenos yangi Dong, Liu & Li sp. nov. A male cephalotheca frontal view (CP, Clypeus; AN, Antenna; EYE, Eye; MD, Mandible; MX, Maxillae) B female ventral view (BC, brood canal; BOR, birth organs) C, D female cephalothorax ventral view (BO, birth opening; SBHP, segmental border between head and prothorax; OS, mouth opening; MD, mandible). Scale bar: 0.5 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1085.76484.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/641100" pageId="0" pageNumber="11">4A</figureCitation>
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).
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<taxonomicName genus="Maxillae" lsidName="Maxillae" pageId="0" pageNumber="11" rank="genus">Maxillae</taxonomicName>
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almost oval, bigger than mandible. Clypeus furrowed and close to mandible. Antenna half size of eye.
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="11">Neotenic female</emphasis>
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(Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Xenos yangi Dong, Liu & Li sp. nov. A male cephalotheca frontal view (CP, Clypeus; AN, Antenna; EYE, Eye; MD, Mandible; MX, Maxillae) B female ventral view (BC, brood canal; BOR, birth organs) C, D female cephalothorax ventral view (BO, birth opening; SBHP, segmental border between head and prothorax; OS, mouth opening; MD, mandible). Scale bar: 0.5 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1085.76484.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/641100" pageId="0" pageNumber="11">4B-D</figureCitation>
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). Cephalothorax almost rectangular, 3/4 strongly contracted; birth opening, protuberance (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Xenos yangi Dong, Liu & Li sp. nov. A male cephalotheca frontal view (CP, Clypeus; AN, Antenna; EYE, Eye; MD, Mandible; MX, Maxillae) B female ventral view (BC, brood canal; BOR, birth organs) C, D female cephalothorax ventral view (BO, birth opening; SBHP, segmental border between head and prothorax; OS, mouth opening; MD, mandible). Scale bar: 0.5 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1085.76484.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/641100" pageId="0" pageNumber="11">4C</figureCitation>
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); apex of mandibles straight (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Xenos yangi Dong, Liu & Li sp. nov. A male cephalotheca frontal view (CP, Clypeus; AN, Antenna; EYE, Eye; MD, Mandible; MX, Maxillae) B female ventral view (BC, brood canal; BOR, birth organs) C, D female cephalothorax ventral view (BO, birth opening; SBHP, segmental border between head and prothorax; OS, mouth opening; MD, mandible). Scale bar: 0.5 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1085.76484.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/641100" pageId="0" pageNumber="11">4D</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.1085.76484.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/641098" pageId="0" pageNumber="11" start="Figure 2" startId="F2">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="11">Figure 2.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Dong, Liu & Li" authorityYear="2022" class="Insecta" family="Xenidae" genus="Xenos" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Xenos yangi" order="Strepsiptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="yangi">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="11">Xenos yangi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Dong, Liu & Li sp. nov., male adult
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="11">A</emphasis>
|
||
hind wing
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="11">B</emphasis>
|
||
right antenna
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="11">C</emphasis>
|
||
right maxilla and
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Xenidae" genus="Xenos" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Xenos palpus" order="Strepsiptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="palpus">Xenos palpus</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="11">D</emphasis>
|
||
right mandible
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="11">E</emphasis>
|
||
foreleg (right)
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="11">F</emphasis>
|
||
midleg (right)
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="11">G</emphasis>
|
||
hind leg (right)
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="11">H</emphasis>
|
||
proventrite
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="11">I</emphasis>
|
||
mesoventrite
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="11">J</emphasis>
|
||
penis. Scale bars: 0.5 mm.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="11">A, B</emphasis>
|
||
dorsal
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="11">H, I</emphasis>
|
||
ventral
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="11">C-J, F</emphasis>
|
||
lateral.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="11" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="11">Description.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="11">Male</emphasis>
|
||
(Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Xenos yangi Dong, Liu & Li sp. nov., male adult (holotype) A dorsal view (PRN, Pronotum; AC, Acrotergit; MN, Mesonotum; PC, Prescutum; SL, Scutellum; POL, Postlumbium; PN, Postnontum) B ventral view. Scale bar: 0.5 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1085.76484.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/641097" pageId="0" pageNumber="11">1</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="11">Length</emphasis>
|
||
5.6 mm (holotype), 5.5-8.1 mm (paratypes) (combined length of head, pronotum and abdomen).
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="11">Coloration</emphasis>
|
||
(Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Xenos yangi Dong, Liu & Li sp. nov., male adult (holotype) A dorsal view (PRN, Pronotum; AC, Acrotergit; MN, Mesonotum; PC, Prescutum; SL, Scutellum; POL, Postlumbium; PN, Postnontum) B ventral view. Scale bar: 0.5 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1085.76484.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/641097" pageId="0" pageNumber="11">1A, B</figureCitation>
|
||
): head, antenna, maxillary
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Xenidae" genus="Xenos" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Xenos palpus" order="Strepsiptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="palpus">Xenos palpus</taxonomicName>
|
||
, coxa, and abdomen black; femur, tibia and tarsus brown; hind wing semi-transparent.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="11">Head</emphasis>
|
||
transverse, 1.44 mm in width.
|
||
<taxonomicName genus="Compound" lsidName="Compound eye" pageId="0" pageNumber="11" rank="species" species="eye">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="11">Compound eye</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
raspberries-like, each composed of about 84 ommatidia, ommatidiaprominent and separated by chitinous bridges covered with micortrichia (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Xenos yangi Dong, Liu & Li sp. nov., male adult (SEM micrographs) A compound eye (lateral) B maxilla and Xenos palpus (lateral) C fourth antennomer (dorsal)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1085.76484.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/641099" pageId="0" pageNumber="11">3A</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="11">Antenna</emphasis>
|
||
four-segmented (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Xenos yangi Dong, Liu & Li sp. nov., male adult A hind wing B right antenna C right maxilla and Xenos palpus D right mandible E foreleg (right) F midleg (right) G hind leg (right) H proventrite I mesoventrite J penis. Scale bars: 0.5 mm. A, B dorsal H, I ventral C-J, F lateral." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1085.76484.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/641098" pageId="0" pageNumber="11">2B</figureCitation>
|
||
), scapus wider than pedicellus, scapus with distal lateral extension, pedicellus half as long as scapus, 3rd and 4th flabellate with subequal length, hirsute (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Xenos yangi Dong, Liu & Li sp. nov., male adult (SEM micrographs) A compound eye (lateral) B maxilla and Xenos palpus (lateral) C fourth antennomer (dorsal)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1085.76484.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/641099" pageId="0" pageNumber="11">3B</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="11">Mandible</emphasis>
|
||
(Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Xenos yangi Dong, Liu & Li sp. nov., male adult A hind wing B right antenna C right maxilla and Xenos palpus D right mandible E foreleg (right) F midleg (right) G hind leg (right) H proventrite I mesoventrite J penis. Scale bars: 0.5 mm. A, B dorsal H, I ventral C-J, F lateral." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1085.76484.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/641098" pageId="0" pageNumber="11">2J</figureCitation>
|
||
) smooth, sword-like, gradually thicker from middle until 3/4, and then sharply tapering at tip.
|
||
<taxonomicName genus="Maxillae" lsidName="Maxillae and subsp. palpus" pageId="0" pageNumber="11" rank="subSpecies" species="and" subSpecies="palpus">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="11">Maxillae and palpus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Figs
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Xenos yangi Dong, Liu & Li sp. nov., male adult A hind wing B right antenna C right maxilla and Xenos palpus D right mandible E foreleg (right) F midleg (right) G hind leg (right) H proventrite I mesoventrite J penis. Scale bars: 0.5 mm. A, B dorsal H, I ventral C-J, F lateral." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1085.76484.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/641098" pageId="0" pageNumber="11">2C</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Xenos yangi Dong, Liu & Li sp. nov., male adult (SEM micrographs) A compound eye (lateral) B maxilla and Xenos palpus (lateral) C fourth antennomer (dorsal)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1085.76484.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/641099" pageId="0" pageNumber="11">3B</figureCitation>
|
||
) covered with short hairs,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Xenidae" genus="Xenos" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Xenos palpus" order="Strepsiptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="palpus">Xenos palpus</taxonomicName>
|
||
twice half as long as maxillae,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Xenidae" genus="Xenos" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Xenos palpus" order="Strepsiptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="palpus">Xenos palpus</taxonomicName>
|
||
narrower.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="11">Pronotum</emphasis>
|
||
(Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Xenos yangi Dong, Liu & Li sp. nov., male adult (holotype) A dorsal view (PRN, Pronotum; AC, Acrotergit; MN, Mesonotum; PC, Prescutum; SL, Scutellum; POL, Postlumbium; PN, Postnontum) B ventral view. Scale bar: 0.5 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1085.76484.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/641097" pageId="0" pageNumber="11">1A</figureCitation>
|
||
) quadrangular with a protuberant apex.
|
||
<taxonomicName genus="Acrotergit" lsidName="Acrotergit" pageId="0" pageNumber="11" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="11">Acrotergit</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Xenos yangi Dong, Liu & Li sp. nov., male adult (holotype) A dorsal view (PRN, Pronotum; AC, Acrotergit; MN, Mesonotum; PC, Prescutum; SL, Scutellum; POL, Postlumbium; PN, Postnontum) B ventral view. Scale bar: 0.5 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1085.76484.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/641097" pageId="0" pageNumber="11">1A</figureCitation>
|
||
) with two ends turned up, central depression.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="11">Mesonotum</emphasis>
|
||
(Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Xenos yangi Dong, Liu & Li sp. nov., male adult (holotype) A dorsal view (PRN, Pronotum; AC, Acrotergit; MN, Mesonotum; PC, Prescutum; SL, Scutellum; POL, Postlumbium; PN, Postnontum) B ventral view. Scale bar: 0.5 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1085.76484.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/641097" pageId="0" pageNumber="11">1A</figureCitation>
|
||
) saddle-shaped, central M-shaped depression, pseudo-haltere on both sides.
|
||
<taxonomicName genus="Prescutum" lsidName="Prescutum" pageId="0" pageNumber="11" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="11">Prescutum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Xenos yangi Dong, Liu & Li sp. nov., male adult (holotype) A dorsal view (PRN, Pronotum; AC, Acrotergit; MN, Mesonotum; PC, Prescutum; SL, Scutellum; POL, Postlumbium; PN, Postnontum) B ventral view. Scale bar: 0.5 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1085.76484.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/641097" pageId="0" pageNumber="11">1A</figureCitation>
|
||
) pentagonal with round tops.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="11">Scutellum</emphasis>
|
||
(Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Xenos yangi Dong, Liu & Li sp. nov., male adult (holotype) A dorsal view (PRN, Pronotum; AC, Acrotergit; MN, Mesonotum; PC, Prescutum; SL, Scutellum; POL, Postlumbium; PN, Postnontum) B ventral view. Scale bar: 0.5 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1085.76484.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/641097" pageId="0" pageNumber="11">1A</figureCitation>
|
||
) acutely triangular.
|
||
<taxonomicName genus="Postlumbium" lsidName="Postlumbium" pageId="0" pageNumber="11" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="11">Postlumbium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Xenos yangi Dong, Liu & Li sp. nov., male adult (holotype) A dorsal view (PRN, Pronotum; AC, Acrotergit; MN, Mesonotum; PC, Prescutum; SL, Scutellum; POL, Postlumbium; PN, Postnontum) B ventral view. Scale bar: 0.5 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1085.76484.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/641097" pageId="0" pageNumber="11">1A</figureCitation>
|
||
) broad, generally rounded, but emarginate anteriorly.
|
||
<taxonomicName genus="Postnotum" lsidName="Postnotum" pageId="0" pageNumber="11" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="11">Postnotum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Xenos yangi Dong, Liu & Li sp. nov., male adult (holotype) A dorsal view (PRN, Pronotum; AC, Acrotergit; MN, Mesonotum; PC, Prescutum; SL, Scutellum; POL, Postlumbium; PN, Postnontum) B ventral view. Scale bar: 0.5 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1085.76484.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/641097" pageId="0" pageNumber="11">1A</figureCitation>
|
||
) triangular.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.1085.76484.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/641099" pageId="0" pageNumber="11" start="Figure 3" startId="F3">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="11">Figure 3.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Dong, Liu & Li" authorityYear="2022" class="Insecta" family="Xenidae" genus="Xenos" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Xenos yangi" order="Strepsiptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="yangi">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="11">Xenos yangi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Dong, Liu & Li sp. nov., male adult (SEM micrographs)
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="11">A</emphasis>
|
||
compound eye (lateral)
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="11">B</emphasis>
|
||
maxilla and
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Xenidae" genus="Xenos" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Xenos palpus" order="Strepsiptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="palpus">Xenos palpus</taxonomicName>
|
||
(lateral)
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="11">C</emphasis>
|
||
fourth antennomer (dorsal).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="11">Hind wing</emphasis>
|
||
sector with nine veins (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Xenos yangi Dong, Liu & Li sp. nov., male adult A hind wing B right antenna C right maxilla and Xenos palpus D right mandible E foreleg (right) F midleg (right) G hind leg (right) H proventrite I mesoventrite J penis. Scale bars: 0.5 mm. A, B dorsal H, I ventral C-J, F lateral." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1085.76484.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/641098" pageId="0" pageNumber="11">2A</figureCitation>
|
||
). C and Sc fused, half length of costal margin. R1 and R2 veins almost glued together, R2 vein extending from middle to wing apex; R3 vein from middle to outer margin of wing; R4 vein terminated at distal 1/4 of the wing and approximating R5 vein. MA, CuA1, CuA2 and CuP veins present and uninterrupted.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<taxonomicName genus="Proventrite" lsidName="Proventrite" pageId="0" pageNumber="11" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="11">Proventrite</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
laterally with anepisternum angulately curved at middle, and posteromedially with a small U-shaped notch, forming a pair of short lobes (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Xenos yangi Dong, Liu & Li sp. nov., male adult A hind wing B right antenna C right maxilla and Xenos palpus D right mandible E foreleg (right) F midleg (right) G hind leg (right) H proventrite I mesoventrite J penis. Scale bars: 0.5 mm. A, B dorsal H, I ventral C-J, F lateral." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1085.76484.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/641098" pageId="0" pageNumber="11">2H</figureCitation>
|
||
);
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="11">Mesoventrite</emphasis>
|
||
with basisternum transversely rectangular, anterolaterally roundly prominent, posterolaterally hook-like, sternellum broadly rhombic, posteriorly bifurcated into a pair of long digitiform projections (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Xenos yangi Dong, Liu & Li sp. nov., male adult A hind wing B right antenna C right maxilla and Xenos palpus D right mandible E foreleg (right) F midleg (right) G hind leg (right) H proventrite I mesoventrite J penis. Scale bars: 0.5 mm. A, B dorsal H, I ventral C-J, F lateral." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1085.76484.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/641098" pageId="0" pageNumber="11">2I</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="11">Foreleg</emphasis>
|
||
(Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Xenos yangi Dong, Liu & Li sp. nov., male adult A hind wing B right antenna C right maxilla and Xenos palpus D right mandible E foreleg (right) F midleg (right) G hind leg (right) H proventrite I mesoventrite J penis. Scale bars: 0.5 mm. A, B dorsal H, I ventral C-J, F lateral." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1085.76484.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/641098" pageId="0" pageNumber="11">2E</figureCitation>
|
||
) coxa expands, trochanterofemur with a protuberance near coxa, tibia longer than femur, widened near tarsus, tarsus four-segmented, 1st tarsomere with oval pit outside, 4th tarsomer without claws.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="11">Midleg</emphasis>
|
||
(Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Xenos yangi Dong, Liu & Li sp. nov., male adult A hind wing B right antenna C right maxilla and Xenos palpus D right mandible E foreleg (right) F midleg (right) G hind leg (right) H proventrite I mesoventrite J penis. Scale bars: 0.5 mm. A, B dorsal H, I ventral C-J, F lateral." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1085.76484.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/641098" pageId="0" pageNumber="11">2F</figureCitation>
|
||
) coxa as long as trochanterofemur, other parts similar to those of foreleg.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="11">Hind leg</emphasis>
|
||
(Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Xenos yangi Dong, Liu & Li sp. nov., male adult A hind wing B right antenna C right maxilla and Xenos palpus D right mandible E foreleg (right) F midleg (right) G hind leg (right) H proventrite I mesoventrite J penis. Scale bars: 0.5 mm. A, B dorsal H, I ventral C-J, F lateral." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1085.76484.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/641098" pageId="0" pageNumber="11">2G</figureCitation>
|
||
) trochanter half length of femur, femur strong.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="11">Abdomen</emphasis>
|
||
10-segmented as long as thorax, black; segment I tergites and sternites shrink; segment II-VIII sternites distinctly broader than tergites, segment IX narrower than segment VIII, with caudally elongated subgenital plate; segment X tube-like, curved. Anus flat. Penis colter-shaped (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Xenos yangi Dong, Liu & Li sp. nov., male adult A hind wing B right antenna C right maxilla and Xenos palpus D right mandible E foreleg (right) F midleg (right) G hind leg (right) H proventrite I mesoventrite J penis. Scale bars: 0.5 mm. A, B dorsal H, I ventral C-J, F lateral." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1085.76484.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/641098" pageId="0" pageNumber="11">2J</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="11">Cephalotheca of male puparium</emphasis>
|
||
(Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Xenos yangi Dong, Liu & Li sp. nov. A male cephalotheca frontal view (CP, Clypeus; AN, Antenna; EYE, Eye; MD, Mandible; MX, Maxillae) B female ventral view (BC, brood canal; BOR, birth organs) C, D female cephalothorax ventral view (BO, birth opening; SBHP, segmental border between head and prothorax; OS, mouth opening; MD, mandible). Scale bar: 0.5 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1085.76484.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/641100" pageId="0" pageNumber="11">4A</figureCitation>
|
||
). Cephalotheca elliptical. Maxilla almost oval, bigger than mandible. Clypeus furrowed and close to mandible. Antenna half size of eye.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="11">Neotenic female</emphasis>
|
||
(Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Xenos yangi Dong, Liu & Li sp. nov. A male cephalotheca frontal view (CP, Clypeus; AN, Antenna; EYE, Eye; MD, Mandible; MX, Maxillae) B female ventral view (BC, brood canal; BOR, birth organs) C, D female cephalothorax ventral view (BO, birth opening; SBHP, segmental border between head and prothorax; OS, mouth opening; MD, mandible). Scale bar: 0.5 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1085.76484.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/641100" pageId="0" pageNumber="11">4B-D</figureCitation>
|
||
). Length 11.0-16.0 mm, maximum breadth of abdomen about 4.5-5.0 mm (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Xenos yangi Dong, Liu & Li sp. nov. A male cephalotheca frontal view (CP, Clypeus; AN, Antenna; EYE, Eye; MD, Mandible; MX, Maxillae) B female ventral view (BC, brood canal; BOR, birth organs) C, D female cephalothorax ventral view (BO, birth opening; SBHP, segmental border between head and prothorax; OS, mouth opening; MD, mandible). Scale bar: 0.5 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1085.76484.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/641100" pageId="0" pageNumber="11">4B</figureCitation>
|
||
); cephalothorax 2.2 mm in length and 1.76 mm in width (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Xenos yangi Dong, Liu & Li sp. nov. A male cephalotheca frontal view (CP, Clypeus; AN, Antenna; EYE, Eye; MD, Mandible; MX, Maxillae) B female ventral view (BC, brood canal; BOR, birth organs) C, D female cephalothorax ventral view (BO, birth opening; SBHP, segmental border between head and prothorax; OS, mouth opening; MD, mandible). Scale bar: 0.5 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1085.76484.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/641100" pageId="0" pageNumber="11">4C, D</figureCitation>
|
||
). Coloration: cephalothorax brownish yellow, abdomen yellow. Cephalothorax almost rectangular, 3/4 strongly contracted; birth opening, protuberance (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Xenos yangi Dong, Liu & Li sp. nov. A male cephalotheca frontal view (CP, Clypeus; AN, Antenna; EYE, Eye; MD, Mandible; MX, Maxillae) B female ventral view (BC, brood canal; BOR, birth organs) C, D female cephalothorax ventral view (BO, birth opening; SBHP, segmental border between head and prothorax; OS, mouth opening; MD, mandible). Scale bar: 0.5 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1085.76484.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/641100" pageId="0" pageNumber="11">4C</figureCitation>
|
||
); apex of mandible straight (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Xenos yangi Dong, Liu & Li sp. nov. A male cephalotheca frontal view (CP, Clypeus; AN, Antenna; EYE, Eye; MD, Mandible; MX, Maxillae) B female ventral view (BC, brood canal; BOR, birth organs) C, D female cephalothorax ventral view (BO, birth opening; SBHP, segmental border between head and prothorax; OS, mouth opening; MD, mandible). Scale bar: 0.5 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1085.76484.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/641100" pageId="0" pageNumber="11">4D</figureCitation>
|
||
); abdomen slender, four birth organs.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.1085.76484.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/641100" pageId="0" pageNumber="11" start="Figure 4" startId="F4">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="11">Figure 4.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Dong, Liu & Li" authorityYear="2022" class="Insecta" family="Xenidae" genus="Xenos" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Xenos yangi" order="Strepsiptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="yangi">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="11">Xenos yangi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Dong, Liu & Li sp. nov.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="11">A</emphasis>
|
||
male cephalotheca frontal view (CP, Clypeus; AN, Antenna; EYE, Eye; MD, Mandible; MX,
|
||
<taxonomicName genus="Maxillae" lsidName="Maxillae" pageId="0" pageNumber="11" rank="genus">Maxillae</taxonomicName>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="11">B</emphasis>
|
||
female ventral view (BC, brood canal; BOR, birth organs)
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="11">C, D</emphasis>
|
||
female cephalothorax ventral view (BO, birth opening; SBHP, segmental border between head and prothorax; OS, mouth opening; MD, mandible). Scale bar: 0.5 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="11" type="comparisons">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="11">Comparative notes.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="11">
|
||
Considering the geographic distance and host association of those species of Africa and Americas, we mainly compared the male adult, the cephalotheca of the male papurium, and the neotenic female of this new species with ten described known species distributed in Asia (nine species) and Europe (one species) (Table
|
||
<tableCitation captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="T1" captionText="Table 1. Distribution and described stages of 11 Xenos species from Asia and Europe. Literature in which the species was originally described is highlighted in bold." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/4080BD25E0C0B0D1AE0FE8AB82D42FDD" pageId="0" pageNumber="11" tableUuid="4080BD25E0C0B0D1AE0FE8AB82D42FDD">1</tableCitation>
|
||
). These species were originally described based on the male adult, the cephalotheca of the male papurium, and/or the neotenic female (Table
|
||
<tableCitation captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="T1" captionText="Table 1. Distribution and described stages of 11 Xenos species from Asia and Europe. Literature in which the species was originally described is highlighted in bold." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/4080BD25E0C0B0D1AE0FE8AB82D42FDD" pageId="0" pageNumber="11" tableUuid="4080BD25E0C0B0D1AE0FE8AB82D42FDD">1</tableCitation>
|
||
). The new species can be distinguished from
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="X. moutoni" order="Strepsiptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="moutoni">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="11">X. moutoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(China: Yunnan, Anhui, Taiwan),
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="X. dianshuiwengi" order="Strepsiptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dianshuiwengi">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="11">X. dianshuiwengi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(China: Fujian),
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="X. formosanus" order="Strepsiptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="formosanus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="11">X. formosanus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(China: Taiwan),
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="X. provesparum" order="Strepsiptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="provesparum">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="11">X. provesparum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Indonesia) and
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="X. oxyodontes" order="Strepsiptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="oxyodontes">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="11">X. oxyodontes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Japan) based on the external characters of male adult. The male adult of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="X. moutoni" order="Strepsiptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="moutoni">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="11">X. moutoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
maxilla as long as
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Xenidae" genus="Xenos" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Xenos palpus" order="Strepsiptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="palpus">Xenos palpus</taxonomicName>
|
||
and the postlumbium is straight anteriorly and posteriorly (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Kifune, T" journalOrPublisher="Japanese Journal of Entomology" pageId="0" pageNumber="11" pagination="426 - 435" refId="B17" refString="Kifune, T, Maeta, Y, 1985. Taxonomical studies on the genus Xenos (Strepsiptera, Stylopidae) parasitic on Vespa and Polistes (Hymenoptera, Vespidae) of Taiwan with descriptions of three new species: Notulae Strepsipterologicae XIV. Japanese Journal of Entomology 53: 426 - 435" title="Taxonomical studies on the genus Xenos (Strepsiptera, Stylopidae) parasitic on Vespa and Polistes (Hymenoptera, Vespidae) of Taiwan with descriptions of three new species: Notulae Strepsipterologicae XIV." volume="53" year="1985">Kifune and Maeta 1985</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The male adult of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="X. oxyodontes" order="Strepsiptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="oxyodontes">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="11">X. oxyodontes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Japan) has the postlumbium rounded anteriorly and posteriorly (
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.2108/zsj.30.331" author="Nakase, Y" journalOrPublisher="Science" pageId="0" pageNumber="11" refId="B24" refString="Nakase, Y, Kato, M, 2013. Cryptic diversity and host specificity in giant Xenos strepsipterans parasitic in large Vespa hornets. Zoological Science 30(4): e331. https://doi.org/10.2108/zsj.30.331" title="Cryptic diversity and host specificity in giant Xenos strepsipterans parasitic in large Vespa hornets. Zoological Science 30 (4): e 331." url="https://doi.org/10.2108/zsj.30.331" year="2013">Nakase and Kato 2013</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The proventrite is not concaved in
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="X. dianshuiwengi" order="Strepsiptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dianshuiwengi">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="11">X. dianshuiwengi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(China: Fujian),
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="X. formosanus" order="Strepsiptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="formosanus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="11">X. formosanus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(China: Taiwan) and
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="X. provesparum" order="Strepsiptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="provesparum">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="11">X. provesparum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Indonesia) (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Kifune, T" journalOrPublisher="Japanese Journal of Entomology" pageId="0" pageNumber="11" pagination="426 - 435" refId="B17" refString="Kifune, T, Maeta, Y, 1985. Taxonomical studies on the genus Xenos (Strepsiptera, Stylopidae) parasitic on Vespa and Polistes (Hymenoptera, Vespidae) of Taiwan with descriptions of three new species: Notulae Strepsipterologicae XIV. Japanese Journal of Entomology 53: 426 - 435" title="Taxonomical studies on the genus Xenos (Strepsiptera, Stylopidae) parasitic on Vespa and Polistes (Hymenoptera, Vespidae) of Taiwan with descriptions of three new species: Notulae Strepsipterologicae XIV." volume="53" year="1985">Kifune and Maeta 1985</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Kifune, T" journalOrPublisher="Japanese Journal of Entomology" pageId="0" pageNumber="11" pagination="84 - 88" refId="B18" refString="Kifune, T, 1986. A new species of the genus Xenos (Strepsiptera, Stylopidae) parasitic on the genus Provespa (Hymenoptera, Vespidae) from West Sumatra, Indonesia. Japanese Journal of Entomology 54: 84 - 88" title="A new species of the genus Xenos (Strepsiptera, Stylopidae) parasitic on the genus Provespa (Hymenoptera, Vespidae) from West Sumatra, Indonesia." volume="54" year="1986">Kifune 1986</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Yang, CK" editor="Huang, BK" journalOrPublisher="Fujian science & technology press, Fujian. Vol. 3" pageId="0" pageNumber="11" pagination="184 - 185" refId="B31" refString="Yang, CK, 1999. Strepsiptera. In: Huang, BK, Ed., Fauna of insect in Fujian porvince of China. Fujian science & technology press, Fujian. Vol. 3: 184 - 185" title="Strepsiptera." volumeTitle="Fauna of insect in Fujian porvince of China." year="1999">Yang 1999</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption ID-Table-UUID="4080BD25E0C0B0D1AE0FE8AB82D42FDD" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/4080BD25E0C0B0D1AE0FE8AB82D42FDD" pageId="0" pageNumber="11" start="Table 1" startId="T1">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="11">Table 1.</emphasis>
|
||
Distribution and described stages of 11
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Xenidae" genus="Xenos" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Xenos" order="Strepsiptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="11">Xenos</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species from Asia and Europe. Literature in which the species was originally described is highlighted in bold.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<table pageId="0" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<th colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="11" rowspan="1">Species</th>
|
||
<th colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="11" rowspan="1">Distribution</th>
|
||
<th colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="11" rowspan="1">Male</th>
|
||
<th colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="11" rowspan="1">Cephalotheca of male puparium</th>
|
||
<th colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="11" rowspan="1">Neotenic female</th>
|
||
<th colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="11" rowspan="1">Primary larvae</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="11" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Dong, Liu & Li" authorityYear="2022" class="Insecta" family="Xenidae" genus="Xenos" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Xenos yangi" order="Strepsiptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="yangi">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="11">Xenos yangi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Dong, Liu & Li sp. nov.
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="11" rowspan="1">China: Yunnan</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="11" rowspan="1">This study</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="11" rowspan="1">This study</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="11" rowspan="1">This study</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="11" rowspan="1">NA</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="11" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="du Buysson" baseAuthorityYear="1903" class="Insecta" family="Xenidae" genus="Xenos" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Xenos moutoni" order="Strepsiptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="moutoni">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="11">Xenos moutoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Buysson, 1903)
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="11" rowspan="1">China: Yunnan, Anhui, Taiwan</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="11" rowspan="1">Kifune & Maeta, 1985</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="11" rowspan="1">Buysson, 1904</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="11" rowspan="1">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="11">Buysson, 1903</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="11" rowspan="1">NA</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="11" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Kifune & Maeta" authorityYear="1985" class="Insecta" family="Xenidae" genus="Xenos" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Xenos circularis" order="Strepsiptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="circularis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="11">Xenos circularis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Kifune & Maeta 1985
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="11" rowspan="1">China: Taiwan</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="11" rowspan="1">NA</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="11" rowspan="1">NA</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="11" rowspan="1">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="11">Kifune & Maeta, 1985</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="11" rowspan="1">NA</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="11" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Kifune & Maeta" authorityYear="1985" class="Insecta" family="Xenidae" genus="Xenos" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Xenos yamaneorum" order="Strepsiptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="yamaneorum">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="11">Xenos yamaneorum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Kifune & Maeta, 1985
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="11" rowspan="1">China: Taiwan</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="11" rowspan="1">NA</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="11" rowspan="1">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="11">Kifune & Maeta, 1985</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="11" rowspan="1">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="11">Kifune & Maeta, 1985</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="11" rowspan="1">NA</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="11" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Kifune & Maeta" authorityYear="1985" class="Insecta" family="Xenidae" genus="Xenos" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Xenos formosanus" order="Strepsiptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="formosanus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="11">Xenos formosanus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Kifune & Maeta, 1985
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="11" rowspan="1">China: Taiwan</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="11" rowspan="1">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="11">Kifune & Maeta, 1985</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="11" rowspan="1">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="11">Kifune & Maeta, 1985</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="11" rowspan="1">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="11">Kifune & Maeta, 1985</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="11" rowspan="1">NA</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="11" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Xenidae" genus="Xenos" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Xenos dianshuiwengi" order="Strepsiptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dianshuiwengi">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="11">Xenos dianshuiwengi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Yang, 1999
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="11" rowspan="1">China: Fujian</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="11" rowspan="1">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="11">Yang, 1999</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="11" rowspan="1">NA</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="11" rowspan="1">NA</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="11" rowspan="1">NA</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="11" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Nakase & Kato" authorityYear="2013" class="Insecta" family="Xenidae" genus="Xenos" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Xenos oxyodontes" order="Strepsiptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="oxyodontes">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="11">Xenos oxyodontes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Yuta & Makoto 2013
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="11" rowspan="1">Japan</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="11" rowspan="1">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="11">Yuta & Makoto, 2013</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="11" rowspan="1">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="11">Yuta & Makoto, 2013</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="11" rowspan="1">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="11">Yuta & Makoto, 2013</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="11" rowspan="1">NA</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="11" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Kifune & Maeta" authorityYear="1975" class="Insecta" family="Xenidae" genus="Xenos" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Xenos vespularum" order="Strepsiptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vespularum">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="11">Xenos vespularum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Kifune & Maeta, 1975
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="11" rowspan="1">Japan</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="11" rowspan="1">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="11">Kifune & Maeta, 1975</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="11" rowspan="1">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="11">Kifune & Maeta, 1975</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="11" rowspan="1">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="11">Kifune & Maeta, 1975</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="11" rowspan="1">NA</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="11" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Kinzelbach" authorityYear="1978" class="Insecta" family="Xenidae" genus="Xenos" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Xenos hebraei" order="Strepsiptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hebraei">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="11">Xenos hebraei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Kinzelbach, 1978
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="11" rowspan="1">India</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="11" rowspan="1">NA</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="11" rowspan="1">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="11">Kinzelbach, 1978</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="11" rowspan="1">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="11">Kinzelbach, 1978</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="11" rowspan="1">NA</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="11" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Kifune" authorityYear="1986" class="Insecta" family="Xenidae" genus="Xenos" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Xenos provesparum" order="Strepsiptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="provesparum">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="11">Xenos provesparum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Kifune,1986
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="11" rowspan="1">Indonesia</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="11" rowspan="1">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="11">Kifune, 1986</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="11" rowspan="1">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="11">Kifune, 1986</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="11" rowspan="1">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="11">Kifune, 1986</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="11" rowspan="1">NA</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="11" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Rossius" authorityYear="1793" class="Insecta" family="Xenidae" genus="Xenos" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Xenos vesparum" order="Strepsiptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vesparum">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="11">Xenos vesparum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Rossius, 1793
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="11" rowspan="1">Europe; Northern Africa</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="11" rowspan="1">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="11">Rossius, 1793</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="11" rowspan="1">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="11">Rossius, 1793</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="11" rowspan="1">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="11">Rossius, 1793</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="11" rowspan="1">Pohl & Beutel, 2005</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<tableNote pageId="0" pageNumber="11">NA: Not availabl</tableNote>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="11">
|
||
The new species can be distinguished from
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="X. circularis" order="Strepsiptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="circularis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="11">X. circularis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(China: Taiwan),
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="X. yamaneorum" order="Strepsiptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="yamaneorum">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="11">X. yamaneorum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(China: Taiwan),
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="X. vespularum" order="Strepsiptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vespularum">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="11">X. vespularum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Japan),
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="X. hebraei" order="Strepsiptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hebraei">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="11">X. hebraei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(India) and
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="X. vesparum" order="Strepsiptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vesparum">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="11">X. vesparum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Europe; Northern Africa) by the female cephalothorax. It is almost circular or ovoid in
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="X. yamaneorum" order="Strepsiptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="yamaneorum">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="11">X. yamaneorum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="X. circularis" order="Strepsiptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="circularis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="11">X. circularis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="X. vespularum" order="Strepsiptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vespularum">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="11">X. vespularum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="X. vesparum" order="Strepsiptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vesparum">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="11">X. vesparum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Kifune, T" journalOrPublisher="Japanese Journal of Entomology" pageId="0" pageNumber="11" pagination="446 - 455" refId="B16" refString="Kifune, T, Maeta, Y, 1975. A New Subgenus and New Species of the Genus Xenos (Strepsiptera, Stylopidae) from Japan : Studies on the Japanese Strepsiptera II. Japanese Journal of Entomology 43 (4): 446 - 455" title="A New Subgenus and New Species of the Genus Xenos (Strepsiptera, Stylopidae) from Japan: Studies on the Japanese Strepsiptera II." volume="43" year="1975">Kifune and Maeta 1975</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Kifune, T" journalOrPublisher="Japanese Journal of Entomology" pageId="0" pageNumber="11" pagination="426 - 435" refId="B17" refString="Kifune, T, Maeta, Y, 1985. Taxonomical studies on the genus Xenos (Strepsiptera, Stylopidae) parasitic on Vespa and Polistes (Hymenoptera, Vespidae) of Taiwan with descriptions of three new species: Notulae Strepsipterologicae XIV. Japanese Journal of Entomology 53: 426 - 435" title="Taxonomical studies on the genus Xenos (Strepsiptera, Stylopidae) parasitic on Vespa and Polistes (Hymenoptera, Vespidae) of Taiwan with descriptions of three new species: Notulae Strepsipterologicae XIV." volume="53" year="1985">Kifune and Maeta 1985</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The female cephalothorax is slightly wider than long in
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="X. hebraei" order="Strepsiptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hebraei">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="11">X. hebraei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Besides that, this new species can be also separated from
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="X. yamaneorum" order="Strepsiptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="yamaneorum">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="11">X. yamaneorum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="X. vespularum" order="Strepsiptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vespularum">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="11">X. vespularum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by the oval maxillae of the male cephalotheca (the two compared species lack the oval maxillae of the male cephalotheca).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="11" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="11">Distribution.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="11">China (Yunnan).</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="11" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="11">Biology.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="11">
|
||
The hosts of this new species are
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Lepeletier" authorityYear="1836" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Vespa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Vespa velutina" order="Strepsiptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="velutina">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="11">Vespa velutina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Xenos yangi Dong, Liu & Li sp. nov. and its host wasp. A Vespa velutina B Vespa bicolor C wasp host parasitized by the new species (red arrows: male puparium (left), female (right )) D living male. (dorsal view)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1085.76484.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/641101" pageId="0" pageNumber="11">5A</figureCitation>
|
||
) and
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Fabricius" authorityYear="1787" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Vespa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Vespa bicolor" order="Strepsiptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bicolor">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="11">Vespa bicolor</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Xenos yangi Dong, Liu & Li sp. nov. and its host wasp. A Vespa velutina B Vespa bicolor C wasp host parasitized by the new species (red arrows: male puparium (left), female (right )) D living male. (dorsal view)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1085.76484.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/641101" pageId="0" pageNumber="11">5B</figureCitation>
|
||
). It parasitizes in the host abdomen. Its body partly protrudes from the portion between the two abdominal segments of the hosts. One wasp can usually carry 1-4 parasite individuals (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Xenos yangi Dong, Liu & Li sp. nov. and its host wasp. A Vespa velutina B Vespa bicolor C wasp host parasitized by the new species (red arrows: male puparium (left), female (right )) D living male. (dorsal view)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1085.76484.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/641101" pageId="0" pageNumber="11">5C</figureCitation>
|
||
). After emergence, male adults fly away from their hosts (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Xenos yangi Dong, Liu & Li sp. nov. and its host wasp. A Vespa velutina B Vespa bicolor C wasp host parasitized by the new species (red arrows: male puparium (left), female (right )) D living male. (dorsal view)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1085.76484.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/641101" pageId="0" pageNumber="11">5D</figureCitation>
|
||
). Neotenic females remain in the
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="host’s">host's</normalizedToken>
|
||
abdomen with their anterior cephalothorax protruding. When neotenic females are removed from their host abdomen, they can be seen to be covered with larval exuviae.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.1085.76484.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/641101" pageId="0" pageNumber="11" start="Figure 5" startId="F5">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="11">Figure 5.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Dong, Liu & Li" authorityYear="2022" class="Insecta" family="Xenidae" genus="Xenos" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Xenos yangi" order="Strepsiptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="yangi">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="11">Xenos yangi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Dong, Liu & Li sp. nov. and its host wasp.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="11">A</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Lepeletier" authorityYear="1836" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Vespa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Vespa velutina" order="Strepsiptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="velutina">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="11">Vespa velutina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="11">B</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Fabricius" authorityYear="1787" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Vespa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Vespa bicolor" order="Strepsiptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bicolor">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="11">Vespa bicolor</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="11">C</emphasis>
|
||
wasp host parasitized by the new species (red arrows: male puparium (left), female(right))
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="11">D</emphasis>
|
||
living male. (dorsal view).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="11" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="11">Etymology.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="11">
|
||
The specific epithet is dedicated to the late famous Chinese entomologist Chi-Kun Yang, who made significant contributions to the studies on
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Strepsiptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Strepsiptera</taxonomicName>
|
||
in China.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.1085.76484.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/641102" pageId="0" pageNumber="11" start="Figure 6" startId="F6">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="11">Figure 6.</emphasis>
|
||
Phylogeny tree of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Xenidae" genus="Xenos" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Xenos" order="Strepsiptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="11">Xenos</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species inferred from mitochondrial cytochrome
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="11">c</emphasis>
|
||
oxidase subunit 1 (
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="11">COI</emphasis>
|
||
) using Maximum parsimony method. In total, 48
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="11">COI</emphasis>
|
||
sequences of different
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Xenidae" genus="Xenos" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Xenos" order="Strepsiptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="11">Xenos</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species were used to investigate their phylogenetic relationships. two sequences (str6-b-female and
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Xenidae" genus="Xenos" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Xenos" order="Strepsiptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Xenos</taxonomicName>
|
||
-male) were sequenced in this study, and that of
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="du Buysson" baseAuthorityYear="1903" class="Insecta" family="Xenidae" genus="Xenos" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Xenos moutoni" order="Strepsiptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="moutoni">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="11">Xenos cf. moutoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(MW222190.2) was sequenced in
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1080/23802359.2021.1872443" author="Zhang, R" journalOrPublisher="Mitochondrial DNA, Part B" pageId="0" pageNumber="11" pagination="512 - 514" refId="B32" refString="Zhang, R, Li, J, Mao, CY, Dong, ZW, He, JW, Liu, GC, Zhao, RP, Wang, W, Li, XY, 2021. The mitochondrial genome of one 'twisted-wing parasite' Xenos cf. moutoni (Insecta, Strepsiptera, Xenidae) from Gaoligong Mountains, Southwest of China. Mitochondrial DNA, Part B 6 (2): 512 - 514, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/23802359.2021.1872443" title="The mitochondrial genome of one ' twisted-wing parasite' Xenos cf. moutoni (Insecta, Strepsiptera, Xenidae) from Gaoligong Mountains, Southwest of China." url="https://doi.org/10.1080/23802359.2021.1872443" volume="6" year="2021">Zhang et al. (2021)</bibRefCitation>
|
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. Other 45 sequences were published by the following studies (
|
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<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1111/syen.12460" author="Benda, D" journalOrPublisher="Systematic Entomology" pageId="0" pageNumber="11" pagination="252 - 265" refId="B2" refString="Benda, D, Votypkova, K, Nakase, Y, Straka, J, 2021. Unexpected cryptic species diversity of parasites of the family Xenidae (Strepsiptera) with a constant diversification rate over time. Systematic Entomology 46: 252 - 265, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/syen.12460" title="Unexpected cryptic species diversity of parasites of the family Xenidae (Strepsiptera) with a constant diversification rate over time." url="https://doi.org/10.1111/syen.12460" volume="46" year="2021">Benda et al. 2021</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0021206" author="McMahon, DP" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Morphology" pageId="0" pageNumber="11" refId="B22" refString="McMahon, DP, Hayward, A, Kathirithamby, J, 2011. The first molecular phylogeny of Strepsiptera (Insecta) reveals an early burst of molecular evolution correlated with the transition to endoparasitism. PLoS ONE 6(6): e21206. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0021206" title="The first molecular phylogeny of Strepsiptera (Insecta) reveals an early burst of molecular evolution correlated with the transition to endoparasitism. PLoS ONE 6 (6): e 21206." url="https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0021206" year="2011">McMahon et al. 2011</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.2108/zsj.30.331" author="Nakase, Y" journalOrPublisher="Science" pageId="0" pageNumber="11" refId="B24" refString="Nakase, Y, Kato, M, 2013. Cryptic diversity and host specificity in giant Xenos strepsipterans parasitic in large Vespa hornets. Zoological Science 30(4): e331. https://doi.org/10.2108/zsj.30.331" title="Cryptic diversity and host specificity in giant Xenos strepsipterans parasitic in large Vespa hornets. Zoological Science 30 (4): e 331." url="https://doi.org/10.2108/zsj.30.331" year="2013">Nakase and Kato 2013</bibRefCitation>
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;
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||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1111/zoj.12233" author="Juzova, K" journalOrPublisher="Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society" pageId="0" pageNumber="11" pagination="228 - 243" refId="B10" refString="Juzova, K, Nakase, Y, Straka, J, 2015. Host specialization and species diversity in the genus Stylops (Strepsiptera: Stylopidae), revealed by molecular phylogenetic analysis. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 174 (2): 228 - 243, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/zoj.12233" title="Host specialization and species diversity in the genus Stylops (Strepsiptera: Stylopidae), revealed by molecular phylogenetic analysis." url="https://doi.org/10.1111/zoj.12233" volume="174" year="2015">
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Jůzová">Juzova</normalizedToken>
|
||
et al. 2015
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||
</bibRefCitation>
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;
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||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gene.2006.04.005" author="Carapelli, A" journalOrPublisher="Gene" pageId="0" pageNumber="11" pagination="248 - 259" refId="B5" refString="Carapelli, A, Vannini, L, Nardi, F, Boore, JL, Beani, L, Dallai, R, Frati, F, 2006. The mitochondrial genome of the entomophagous endoparasite Xenos vesparum (Insecta: Strepsiptera). Gene 376 (2): 248 - 259, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gene.2006.04.005" title="The mitochondrial genome of the entomophagous endoparasite Xenos vesparum (Insecta: Strepsiptera)." url="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gene.2006.04.005" volume="376" year="2006">Carapelli et al. 2006</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Reichert" authorityYear="1914" class="Insecta" family="Stylopidae" genus="Stylops" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stylops ater" order="Strepsiptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ater">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="11">Stylops ater</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Reichert, 1914,
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Kinzelbach" authorityYear="1971" class="Insecta" family="Stylopidae" genus="Melittostylops" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Melittostylops hesperapium" order="Strepsiptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hesperapium">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="11">Melittostylops hesperapium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Kinzelbach, 1971,
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Perkins" authorityYear="1918" class="Insecta" family="Stylopidae" genus="Halictoxenos" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Halictoxenos tumulorum" order="Strepsiptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tumulorum">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="11">Halictoxenos tumulorum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Perkins, 1918 and
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Kinzelbach" authorityYear="1970" class="Insecta" family="Stylopidae" genus="Crawfordia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Crawfordia warnckei" order="Strepsiptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="warnckei">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="11">Crawfordia warnckei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Kinzelbach, 1970 (outgroup) were used as outgroups. The phylogenetic trees were constructed using Maximum Parsimony (MP), and Maximum Likelihood (ML). Branch support values are described as Maximum Parsimony (MP)/Maximum Likelihood (ML) in MP tree.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |