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<mods:title id="C5360B3FA4C503DE62839DE63E153425">Biogeography, Speciation and Taxonomy within the genus Bactrocera Macquart with application to the Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel) complex of fruit flies (Diptera Tephritidae: Dacinae)</mods:title>
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<paragraph id="1749A228F832B31FFF3F5AD1FCB9F2C3" blockId="13.[151,820,1507,1534]" box="[151,820,1507,1534]" pageId="13" pageNumber="346">
<heading id="4C011544F832B31FFF3F5AD1FCB9F2C3" bold="true" box="[151,820,1507,1534]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="13" pageNumber="346" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="D0F6D9ABF832B31FFF3F5AD1FCB9F2C3" ID-CoL="87R76" authority="Drew &amp; Hancock" authorityName="Drew &amp; Hancock" authorityYear="1994" box="[151,820,1507,1534]" class="Insecta" family="Tephritidae" genus="Bactrocera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="346" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="carambolae" subGenus="Bactrocera">
<emphasis id="25827E3AF832B31FFF3F5AD1FCB9F2C3" bold="true" box="[151,820,1507,1534]" pageId="13" pageNumber="346">
<emphasis id="25827E3AF832B31FFF3F5AD1FDDEF2C3" bold="true" box="[151,595,1507,1534]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="346">Bactrocera (Bactrocera) carambolae</emphasis>
Drew &amp; Hancock
</emphasis>
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<treatmentCitation id="96578439F832B31FFF3F591CFCA5F17D" author="Drew, R. A. I. &amp; Hancock, D. L." box="[151,808,1576,1600]" page="11" pageId="13" pageNumber="346" year="1994">
<taxonomicName id="D0F6D9ABF832B31FFF3F591CFCA5F17D" ID-CoL="87R76" authority="Drew &amp; Hancock, 1994: 11" authorityName="Drew &amp; Hancock" authorityPageNumber="11" authorityYear="1994" box="[151,808,1576,1600]" class="Insecta" family="Tephritidae" genus="Bactrocera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="346" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="carambolae" subGenus="Bactrocera">
<emphasis id="25827E3AF832B31FFF3F591CFD80F17D" box="[151,525,1576,1600]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="346">Bactrocera (Bactrocera) carambolae</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="7367DFD9F832B31FFDBA591CFCA5F17D" author="Drew, R. A. I. &amp; Hancock, D. L." box="[530,808,1576,1600]" pageId="13" pageNumber="346" pagination="1 - 68" refId="ref21807" refString="Drew, R. A. I. &amp; Hancock, D. L. (1994) The Bactrocera dorsalis complex of fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae: Dacinae) in Asia. Bulletin of Entomological Research, Supplement 2, i - iii + 1 - 68. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / S 1367426900000278" type="journal article" year="1994">Drew &amp; Hancock, 1994: 11</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="7367DFD9F832B31FFC99591DFBA6F17D" author="Norrbom, A. L. &amp; Carroll, L. E. &amp; Thompson, F. C. &amp; White, I. M. &amp; Freidberg, A." box="[817,1067,1576,1600]" pageId="13" pageNumber="346" pagination="65 - 251" refId="ref24108" refString="Norrbom, A. L., Carroll, L. E., Thompson, F. C., White, I. M. &amp; Freidberg, A. (1998) Systematic database of names. In: Thompson, F. C., (Ed.), Fruit Fly Expert Identification System and Systematic Information Database. Myia, 9, 65 - 251." type="journal article" year="1998">
Norrbom
<emphasis id="25827E3AF832B31FFC3B591CFC48F17D" box="[915,965,1576,1600]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="346">et al.</emphasis>
, 1998: 89
</bibRefCitation>
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;
<treatmentCitation id="96578439F832B31FFB9C591CFAB8F17D" author="Drew, R. A. I. &amp; Romig, M. C." box="[1076,1333,1576,1600]" page="61" pageId="13" pageNumber="346" year="2013">
<bibRefCitation id="7367DFD9F832B31FFB9C591CFAB8F17D" author="Drew, R. A. I. &amp; Romig, M. C." box="[1076,1333,1576,1600]" pageId="13" pageNumber="346" refId="ref22177" refString="Drew, R. A. I. &amp; Romig, M. C. (2013) Tropical fruit flies (Tephritidae: Dacinae) of South-East Asia, Indomalaya to North-West Australasia. CABI, Wallingford, 653 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.1079 / 9781780640358.0000" type="book" year="2013">Drew &amp; Romig, 2013: 61</bibRefCitation>
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.
<typeStatus id="C84D1C8AF832B31FFA96591DFA11F17D" box="[1342,1436,1576,1600]" pageId="13" pageNumber="346" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
in BMNH.
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</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1749A228F832B31FFF3F59B8FDB1F19A" blockId="13.[151,1437,1677,2028]" box="[151,572,1677,1704]" pageId="13" pageNumber="346">Common name: Carambola Fruit Fly.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="1749A228F832B31CFF6F5984FE03F7C4" blockId="13.[151,1437,1677,2028]" lastBlockId="14.[151,1437,151,681]" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="347" pageId="13" pageNumber="346">
Definition: Face fulvous with a pair of medium-sized oval black spots; postpronotal lobes and notopleura yellow; scutum black with pale lateral margins; broad parallel-sided lateral postsutural yellow vittae ending at or behind
<emphasis id="25827E3AF832B31FFF4259CFFE8DF02E" box="[234,256,1786,1811]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="346">ia</emphasis>
. seta; medial postsutural yellow vitta absent; anepisternal (mesopleural) stripe reaching midway between anterior margin of notopleuron and anterior
<emphasis id="25827E3AF832B31FFD295828FD28F00A" box="[641,677,1821,1847]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="346">npl</emphasis>
. seta dorsally; scutellum yellow with a narrow dark basal band; legs with femora fulvous and with a large preapical dark spot on outer surface of fore femora in some specimens, tibiae dark fuscous; wing with cells bc and c colourless, microtrichia in outer corner of call c only, a narrow fuscous costal band overlapping R
<subScript id="8B72A06DF832B31FFEDE58A9FE02F097" attach="left" box="[374,399,1948,1962]" fontSize="6" pageId="13" pageNumber="346">2+3</subScript>
and expanding slightly beyond apex of this vein across apex of R
<subScript id="8B72A06DF832B31FFBD458AEFB1BF094" attach="left" box="[1148,1174,1947,1961]" fontSize="6" pageId="13" pageNumber="346">4+5</subScript>
, a narrow fuscous anal streak, supernumerary lobe of medium development; abdominal terga III-V orange-brown with a dark ‘T’ pattern consisting of a narrow transverse band across anterior margin of tergum III that widens to cover lateral margins, a medium width medial longitudinal band over all three terga, a dark rectangular pattern on anterolateral corners of tergum IV, anterolateral corners of tergum V dark fuscous, ceromata on tergum V orange-brown, abdominal sterna dark fuscous to black.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1749A228F831B31CFF6F5E36FDECF658" blockId="14.[151,1437,151,681]" pageId="14" pageNumber="347">
Distribution: Andaman Islands, Southern
<collectingCountry id="6FE1E2B8F831B31CFD0F5E36FC80F620" box="[679,781,259,285]" name="Thailand" pageId="14" pageNumber="347">Thailand</collectingCountry>
, Southern
<collectingCountry id="6FE1E2B8F831B31CFC235E36FC60F620" box="[907,1005,259,285]" name="Vietnam" pageId="14" pageNumber="347">Vietnam</collectingCountry>
, Peninsular
<collectingCountry id="6FE1E2B8F831B31CFBD45E36FB68F620" box="[1148,1253,259,285]" name="Malaysia" pageId="14" pageNumber="347">Malaysia</collectingCountry>
, East
<collectingCountry id="6FE1E2B8F831B31CFA875E36FA15F620" box="[1327,1432,259,285]" name="Malaysia" pageId="14" pageNumber="347">Malaysia</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="6FE1E2B8F831B31CFF3F5E12FE85F67C" box="[151,264,295,321]" name="Indonesia" pageId="14" pageNumber="347">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
. Adventive in French
<collectingCountry id="6FE1E2B8F831B31CFDA95E12FDD6F67C" box="[513,603,295,321]" name="Guyana" pageId="14" pageNumber="347">Guyana</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="6FE1E2B8F831B31CFDCF5E12FD4CF67C" box="[615,705,295,321]" name="Guyana" pageId="14" pageNumber="347">Guyana</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="6FE1E2B8F831B31CFD655E12FCA1F67C" box="[717,812,295,321]" name="Suriname" pageId="14" pageNumber="347">Surinam</collectingCountry>
and NE
<collectingCountry id="6FE1E2B8F831B31CFC3A5E12FC57F67C" box="[914,986,295,321]" name="Brazil" pageId="14" pageNumber="347">Brazil</collectingCountry>
. Recently recorded from
<collectingCountry id="6FE1E2B8F831B31CFB515E12FAE1F67C" box="[1273,1388,295,321]" name="Cambodia" pageId="14" pageNumber="347">Cambodia</collectingCountry>
and
<collectingCountry id="6FE1E2B8F831B31CFF3F5E7EFE97F658" box="[151,282,331,357]" name="Bangladesh" pageId="14" pageNumber="347">Bangladesh</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="7367DFD9F831B31CFE805E7EFD81F658" author="Leblanc, L. &amp; San Jose, M. &amp; Barr, N. &amp; Rubinoff, D." box="[296,524,330,357]" pageId="14" pageNumber="347" pagination="339 - 367" refId="ref23847" refString="Leblanc, L., San Jose, M., Barr, N. &amp; Rubinoff, D. (2015) A phylogenetic assessment of the polymorphic nature and intraspecific color polymorphism in the Bactrocera dorsalis complex (Diptera, Tephritidae). ZooKeys, 540, 339 - 367. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / zookeys. 540.9786" type="journal article" year="2015">
Leblanc
<emphasis id="25827E3AF831B31CFE235E7EFE30F658" box="[395,445,331,357]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="347">et al</emphasis>
., 2015
</bibRefCitation>
; 2019).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1749A228F831B31CFF6F5E5AFC8BF6EC" blockId="14.[151,1437,151,681]" pageId="14" pageNumber="347">
Hosts:
<taxonomicName id="D0F6D9ABF831B31CFEBB5E5AFEE1F6B4" box="[275,364,367,393]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Oxalidaceae" genus="Averrhoa" kingdom="Plantae" order="Oxalidales" pageId="14" pageNumber="347" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="major">A major</taxonomicName>
pest species with a preference for
<taxonomicName id="D0F6D9ABF831B31CFD405E5AFA83F6B4" authority="L. See Allwood et al. (1999)" authorityName="L. See Allwood" authorityYear="1999" box="[744,1294,367,393]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Oxalidaceae" genus="Averrhoa" kingdom="Plantae" order="Oxalidales" pageId="14" pageNumber="347" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="carambola">
<emphasis id="25827E3AF831B31CFD405E5AFC42F6B4" box="[744,975,367,393]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="347">Averrhoa carambola</emphasis>
L. See
<bibRefCitation id="7367DFD9F831B31CFBB75E5AFA83F6B4" author="Allwood, A. J. &amp; Chinajariyawong A. &amp; Drew R. A. I. &amp; Hamacek, E. L. &amp; Hancock, D. L. &amp; Hengsawad, C. &amp; Jipanin, J. C. &amp; Jirasurat, M. &amp; Kong Krong, C. &amp; Kritsaneepaiboon, S. &amp; Leong, C. T. S. &amp; Vijaysegaran, S." box="[1055,1294,367,393]" pageId="14" pageNumber="347" pagination="1 - 92" refId="ref20648" refString="Allwood, A. J., Chinajariyawong A., Drew R. A. I., Hamacek, E. L., Hancock, D. L., Hengsawad, C., Jipanin, J. C., Jirasurat, M., Kong Krong, C., Kritsaneepaiboon, S., Leong, C. T. S. &amp; Vijaysegaran, S. (1999) Host plant records for fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) in South East Asia. The Raffles Bulletin of Zoology, Supplement 7, 1 - 92." type="journal article" year="1999">
Allwood
<emphasis id="25827E3AF831B31CFB2F5E5AFB3AF6B4" box="[1159,1207,367,393]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="347">et al</emphasis>
. (1999)
</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
for recorded host plants. The host range in
<collectingCountry id="6FE1E2B8F831B31CFE485EA6FDB2F690" box="[480,575,403,429]" name="Suriname" pageId="14" pageNumber="347">Surinam</collectingCountry>
and
<collectingCountry id="6FE1E2B8F831B31CFDDB5EA6FD40F690" box="[627,717,403,429]" name="Guyana" pageId="14" pageNumber="347">Guyana</collectingCountry>
, a region into which
<taxonomicName id="D0F6D9ABF831B31CFC1A5EA6FBD8F690" authorityName="Drew &amp; Hancock" authorityYear="1994" box="[946,1109,403,429]" class="Insecta" family="Tephritidae" genus="Bactrocera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="347" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="carambolae">
<emphasis id="25827E3AF831B31CFC1A5EA6FBD8F690" box="[946,1109,403,429]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="347">B. carambolae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was introduced, matches that recorded in South-East Asia (
<bibRefCitation id="7367DFD9F831B31CFE775E82FD77F6EC" author="van Sauers-Muller, A." box="[479,762,438,465]" pageId="14" pageNumber="347" pagination="203 - 214" refId="ref25362" refString="van Sauers-Muller, A. (2005) Host plants of the carambola fruit fly, Bactrocera carambolae Drew &amp; Hancock (Diptera: Tephritidae) in Suriname, South America. Neotropical Entomology, 34 (2), 203 - 214. https: // doi. org / 10.1590 / S 1519 - 566 X 2005000200008" type="journal article" year="2005">van Sauers-Muller, 2005</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1749A228F831B31CFF6F5EEEFE73F6C8" blockId="14.[151,1437,151,681]" box="[199,510,475,501]" pageId="14" pageNumber="347">Attractant: Methyl eugenol.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1749A228F831B31CFF6F5ECAFEDCF594" blockId="14.[151,1437,151,681]" pageId="14" pageNumber="347">
Comments: Generally,
<taxonomicName id="D0F6D9ABF831B31CFE7E5ECAFD0CF524" authorityName="Drew &amp; Hancock" authorityYear="1994" box="[470,641,511,537]" class="Insecta" family="Tephritidae" genus="Bactrocera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="347" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="carambolae">
<emphasis id="25827E3AF831B31CFE7E5ECAFD0CF524" box="[470,641,511,537]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="347">B. carambolae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can be separated from the other
<taxonomicName id="D0F6D9ABF831B31CFBB25ECAFBF9F524" authorityName="SE" baseAuthorityName="Hendel" baseAuthorityYear="1912" box="[1050,1140,511,537]" class="Insecta" family="Tephritidae" genus="Bactrocera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="347" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dorsalis">
<emphasis id="25827E3AF831B31CFBB25ECAFBF9F524" box="[1050,1140,511,537]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="347">dorsalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
complex pest species in possessing the costal band broader apically and a broad medial longitudinal black band on abdominal terga III-V. Based on the mitochondrial genes COI and ND5,
<taxonomicName id="D0F6D9ABF831B31CFD605D72FCE3F55C" authorityName="Drew &amp; Hancock" authorityYear="1994" box="[712,878,583,609]" class="Insecta" family="Tephritidae" genus="Bactrocera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="347" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="carambolae">
<emphasis id="25827E3AF831B31CFD605D72FCE3F55C" box="[712,878,583,609]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="347">B. carambolae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is separate from
<emphasis id="25827E3AF831B31CFB985D72FAC0F55C" box="[1072,1357,583,609]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="347">
<taxonomicName id="D0F6D9ABF831B31CFB985D72FB20F55C" authorityName="SE" baseAuthorityName="Hendel" baseAuthorityYear="1912" box="[1072,1197,583,609]" class="Insecta" family="Tephritidae" genus="Bactrocera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="347" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dorsalis">B. dorsalis</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="D0F6D9ABF831B31CFB115D72FAC0F55C" baseAuthorityName="Bezzi" baseAuthorityYear="1919" box="[1209,1357,583,609]" class="Insecta" family="Tephritidae" genus="Bactrocera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="347" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="occipitalis">B. occipitalis</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
and
<taxonomicName id="D0F6D9ABF831B31CFA2C5D72FD8AF5B8" authority="(Drew &amp; Romig, 2013)" baseAuthorityName="Drew &amp; Romig" baseAuthorityYear="2013" class="Insecta" family="Tephritidae" genus="Bactrocera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="347" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="papayae">
<emphasis id="25827E3AF831B31CFA2C5D72FF7BF5B9" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="347">B. papayae</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="7367DFD9F831B31CFEAD5D5EFD8DF5B8" author="Drew, R. A. I. &amp; Romig, M. C." box="[261,512,619,645]" pageId="14" pageNumber="347" refId="ref22177" refString="Drew, R. A. I. &amp; Romig, M. C. (2013) Tropical fruit flies (Tephritidae: Dacinae) of South-East Asia, Indomalaya to North-West Australasia. CABI, Wallingford, 653 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.1079 / 9781780640358.0000" type="book" year="2013">Drew &amp; Romig, 2013</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
. It also possesses distinct chemical components in the male pheromones (
<bibRefCitation id="7367DFD9F831B31CFA975D5EFEC8F594" author="Drew, R. A. I. &amp; Hancock, D. L." pageId="14" pageNumber="347" pagination="1 - 68" refId="ref21807" refString="Drew, R. A. I. &amp; Hancock, D. L. (1994) The Bactrocera dorsalis complex of fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae: Dacinae) in Asia. Bulletin of Entomological Research, Supplement 2, i - iii + 1 - 68. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / S 1367426900000278" type="journal article" year="1994">Drew &amp; Hancock, 1994</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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