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<mods:title id="AE1BD5C4C1390038B9B3069AE348FBFB">Biogeography, Speciation and Taxonomy within the genus Bactrocera Macquart with application to the Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel) complex of fruit flies (Diptera Tephritidae: Dacinae)</mods:title>
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<mods:affiliation id="3A17E59F84E11238554F6EAAA915BDAF">Environmental Futures Research Institute, International Centre for Management of Pest Fruit Flies, Griffith University, Nathan Campus, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia</mods:affiliation>
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<paragraph id="1749A228F82CB301FF3F5EA6FD7DF690" blockId="19.[151,752,402,429]" box="[151,752,402,429]" pageId="19" pageNumber="352">
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<taxonomicName id="D0F6D9ABF82CB301FF3F5EA6FD7DF690" ID-CoL="8B6D9" authority="White &amp; Tsuruta" authorityName="White &amp; Tsuruta" box="[151,752,402,429]" class="Insecta" family="Tephritidae" genus="Bactrocera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="352" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="syzygii" subGenus="Bactrocera">
<emphasis id="25827E3AF82CB301FF3F5EA6FD7DF690" bold="true" box="[151,752,402,429]" pageId="19" pageNumber="352">
<emphasis id="25827E3AF82CB301FF3F5EA6FD98F690" bold="true" box="[151,533,403,429]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="352">Bactrocera (Bactrocera) syzygii</emphasis>
White &amp; Tsuruta
</emphasis>
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</heading>
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<taxonomicName id="D0F6D9ABF82CB301FF3F5EEDFD10F6D2" ID-CoL="8B6D9" authority="White &amp; Tsuruta" authorityName="White &amp; Tsuruta" box="[151,669,471,495]" class="Insecta" family="Tephritidae" genus="Bactrocera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="352" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="syzygii" subGenus="Bactrocera">
<emphasis id="25827E3AF82CB301FF3F5EEDFE6EF6D2" box="[151,483,471,495]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="352">Bactrocera (Bactrocera) syzygii</emphasis>
White &amp; Tsuruta
</taxonomicName>
in
<treatmentCitation id="96578439F82CB301FD6B5EEDFC69F6D2" author="Tsuruta, K. &amp; White, I. M." box="[707,996,471,495]" page="85" pageId="19" pageNumber="352" year="2001">
<bibRefCitation id="7367DFD9F82CB301FD6B5EEDFC69F6D2" author="Tsuruta, K. &amp; White, I. M." box="[707,996,471,495]" pageId="19" pageNumber="352" pagination="69 - 87" refId="ref25191" refString="Tsuruta, K. &amp; White, I. M. (2001) Eleven new species of genus Bactrocera Macquart (Diptera: Tephritidae) from Sri Lanka. Entomological Science, 4, 69 - 87." type="journal article" year="2001">Tsuruta &amp; White, 2001: 85</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
;
<treatmentCitation id="96578439F82CB301FC5A5EEDFA9EF6D2" author="Drew, R. A. I. &amp; Romig, M. C." box="[1010,1299,471,495]" page="178" pageId="19" pageNumber="352" year="2013">
<bibRefCitation id="7367DFD9F82CB301FC5A5EEDFA9EF6D2" author="Drew, R. A. I. &amp; Romig, M. C." box="[1010,1299,471,495]" pageId="19" pageNumber="352" refId="ref22177" refString="Drew, R. A. I. &amp; Romig, M. C. (2013) Tropical fruit flies (Tephritidae: Dacinae) of South-East Asia, Indomalaya to North-West Australasia. CABI, Wallingford, 653 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.1079 / 9781780640358.0000" type="book" year="2013">Drew &amp; Romig, 2013: 178</bibRefCitation>
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.
<typeStatus id="C84D1C8AF82CB301FA885EE2FAF3F6D2" box="[1312,1406,471,495]" pageId="19" pageNumber="352" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
in HORDI.
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</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1749A228F82CB301FF3F5D02FDCEF56C" blockId="19.[151,1437,567,1277]" box="[151,579,567,593]" pageId="19" pageNumber="352">Common name: Rose Apple Fruit Fly.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="1749A228F82CB301FF6F5D6EFABAF44C" blockId="19.[151,1437,567,1277]" pageId="19" pageNumber="352">
Definition: Face fulvous with a pair of large elongate oval back spots; postpronotal lobes and notopleura yellow; scutum entirely black; lateral postsutural yellow vittae parallel-sided and ending before
<emphasis id="25827E3AF82CB301FBD85D4AFB0BF5A5" box="[1136,1158,639,664]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="352">ia</emphasis>
. seta; medial postsutural yellow vitta absent; anepisternal stripe equal in width to notopleuron dorsally; scutellum yellow with a narrow black basal band; legs with all femora fulvous, all tibiae with dark fuscous coloration; wing with cells bc and c colourless, microtrichia in outer corner of cell c only, a narrow fuscous costal band confluent with R
<subScript id="8B72A06DF82CB301FB255DC8FB2BF436" attach="left" box="[1165,1190,765,779]" fontSize="6" pageId="19" pageNumber="352">2+3</subScript>
and remining narrow around apex of wing, a narrow fuscous anal streak, supernumerary lobe of medium development; abdominal terga IIIV red-brown with a medium width medial and two broad lateral longitudinal dark fuscous to black bands joined along anterior margin of tergum III, ceromata on tergum V dark fuscous to black, abdominal sterna black.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1749A228F82CB301FF6F5C4EFC4FF484" blockId="19.[151,1437,567,1277]" pageId="19" pageNumber="352">
Distribution: Described from
<collectingCountry id="6FE1E2B8F82CB301FDA75C4EFDF1F4A8" box="[527,636,891,917]" name="Sri Lanka" pageId="19" pageNumber="352">Sri Lanka</collectingCountry>
and subsequently recorded from
<collectingCountry id="6FE1E2B8F82CB301FC435C4EFBAAF4A8" box="[1003,1063,891,917]" name="India" pageId="19" pageNumber="352">India</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="6FE1E2B8F82CB301FB995C4EFB3AF4A8" box="[1073,1207,891,917]" name="Bangladesh" pageId="19" pageNumber="352">Bangladesh</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="6FE1E2B8F82CB301FB685C4EFA8BF4A8" box="[1216,1286,891,917]" name="Nepal" pageId="19" pageNumber="352">Nepal</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="6FE1E2B8F82CB301FAA75C4EFAE3F4A8" box="[1295,1390,891,917]" name="Vietnam" pageId="19" pageNumber="352">Vietnam</collectingCountry>
and possibly Borneo and Sulawesi (
<bibRefCitation id="7367DFD9F82CB301FE505CAAFD4BF484" author="David, K. J. &amp; Hancock, D. L. &amp; Singh, S. K. &amp; Ramani, S. &amp; Behere, S. T. &amp; Salini, S." box="[504,710,927,953]" pageId="19" pageNumber="352" pagination="386 - 400" refId="ref21104" refString="David, K. J., Hancock, D. L., Singh, S. K., Ramani, S., Behere, S. T. &amp; Salini, S. (2017) New species, new records and updated subgeneric key of Bactrocera Macquart (Diptera: Tephritidae: Dacinae: Dacini) from India. Zootaxa, 4272 (3), 386 - 400. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4272.3.4" type="journal article" year="2017">
David
<emphasis id="25827E3AF82CB301FDED5CAAFDFBF484" box="[581,630,927,953]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="352">et al</emphasis>
., 2017
</bibRefCitation>
; Leblanc
<emphasis id="25827E3AF82CB301FC9B5CAAFCE9F484" box="[819,868,927,953]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="352">et al</emphasis>
., 2019).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1749A228F82CB301FF6F5CF6FA19F4E0" blockId="19.[151,1437,567,1277]" box="[199,1428,963,989]" pageId="19" pageNumber="352">
Hosts: Reared from one host,
<taxonomicName id="D0F6D9ABF82CB301FDA05CF6FD4FF4E0" box="[520,706,963,989]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Syzygium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Myrtales" pageId="19" pageNumber="352" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="jambos">
<emphasis id="25827E3AF82CB301FDA05CF6FD4FF4E0" box="[520,706,963,989]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="352">Syzygium jambos</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(family
<taxonomicName id="D0F6D9ABF82CB301FCB75CF6FC1FF4E0" box="[799,914,963,989]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Myrtales" pageId="19" pageNumber="352" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Myrtaceae</taxonomicName>
) (
<bibRefCitation id="7367DFD9F82CB301FC0F5CF6FB2EF4E0" author="Tsuruta, K. &amp; White, I. M." box="[935,1187,963,989]" pageId="19" pageNumber="352" pagination="69 - 87" refId="ref25191" refString="Tsuruta, K. &amp; White, I. M. (2001) Eleven new species of genus Bactrocera Macquart (Diptera: Tephritidae) from Sri Lanka. Entomological Science, 4, 69 - 87." type="journal article" year="2001">Tsuruta &amp; White, 2001</bibRefCitation>
; Leblanc
<emphasis id="25827E3AF82CB301FAA35CF6FACCF4E0" box="[1291,1345,963,989]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="352">et al.</emphasis>
, 2019).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1749A228F82CB301FF6F5CD2FD34F33C" blockId="19.[151,1437,567,1277]" box="[199,697,999,1025]" pageId="19" pageNumber="352">
Attractant: Zingerone (Leblanc
<emphasis id="25827E3AF82CB301FD825CD2FDD1F33C" box="[554,604,999,1025]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="352">et al</emphasis>
., 2019).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1749A228F82CB301FF6F5B3EFDA0F3C0" blockId="19.[151,1437,567,1277]" pageId="19" pageNumber="352">
Comments:
<taxonomicName id="D0F6D9ABF82CB301FEF95B3EFDAFF319" box="[337,546,1035,1060]" class="Insecta" family="Tephritidae" genus="Bactrocera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="352" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="syzygii">
<emphasis id="25827E3AF82CB301FEF95B3EFDAFF319" box="[337,546,1035,1060]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="352">Bactrocera syzygii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is similar to
<taxonomicName id="D0F6D9ABF82CB301FD135B3EFCBBF318" authorityName="Hendel" authorityYear="1912" box="[699,822,1035,1061]" class="Insecta" family="Tephritidae" genus="Dacus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="352" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dorsalis">
<emphasis id="25827E3AF82CB301FD135B3EFCBBF318" box="[699,822,1035,1061]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="352">B. dorsalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in possessing parallel-sided lateral postsutural yellow vittae, a narrow fuscous costal band confluent with R
<subScript id="8B72A06DF82CB301FD455B74FC8BF372" attach="left" box="[749,774,1089,1103]" fontSize="6" pageId="19" pageNumber="352">2+3</subScript>
and remaining narrow around wing apex, and legs with all femora entirely fulvous. It differs from
<taxonomicName id="D0F6D9ABF82CB301FDFF5B66FD5CF350" authorityName="Hendel" authorityYear="1912" box="[599,721,1107,1133]" class="Insecta" family="Tephritidae" genus="Dacus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="352" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dorsalis">
<emphasis id="25827E3AF82CB301FDFF5B66FD5CF350" box="[599,721,1107,1133]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="352">B. dorsalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in having a pair of large elongate-oval black spots on the face, dark fuscous coloration on all tibiae, broad lateral longitudinal dark fuscous to black bands over abdominal terga IIIV and dark fuscous to black ceromata on tergum V. There are also differences in the female eversible membrane, the spicules being semicircular without prominent projections in
<taxonomicName id="D0F6D9ABF82CB301FC245B8AFC76F3E5" box="[908,1019,1215,1240]" class="Insecta" family="Tephritidae" genus="Bactrocera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="352" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="syzygii">
<emphasis id="25827E3AF82CB301FC245B8AFC76F3E5" box="[908,1019,1215,1240]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="352">B. syzygii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(K.J. David, pers comm.) and with numerous projections in
<taxonomicName id="D0F6D9ABF82CB301FE055BD6FDABF3C0" authorityName="Hendel" authorityYear="1912" box="[429,550,1251,1277]" class="Insecta" family="Tephritidae" genus="Dacus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="352" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dorsalis">
<emphasis id="25827E3AF82CB301FE055BD6FDABF3C0" box="[429,550,1251,1277]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="352">B. dorsalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
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