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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.162.55550" ID-GBIF-Dataset="b9049e0e-c87a-45c3-a571-3008b0108fce" ID-PMC="PMC7557330" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2003-162-45" ID-Pensoft-UUID="F6F902318CE951ED8048579E8D3BABF2" ID-PubMed="33110384" ModsDocID="1314-2003-162-45" checkinTime="1602130058990" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Sylvester, Steven P., Soreng, Robert J., Sylvester, Mitsy D. P. V. &amp; Clark, Vincent Ralph" docDate="2020" docId="9F19FFA288715D068F2F8B20EA3E6BA1" docLanguage="en" docName="PhytoKeys 162: 45-69" docOrigin="PhytoKeys 162" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.162.55550" docTitle="Festuca exaristata E. B. Alexeev, Bot. Zhurn. (Moscow &amp; Leningrad) 71 (8): 1116. 1986" docType="treatment" docVersion="5" id="F6F902318CE951ED8048579E8D3BABF2" lastPageNumber="45" masterDocId="F6F902318CE951ED8048579E8D3BABF2" masterDocTitle="Festuca drakensbergensis (Poaceae): A common new species in the F. caprina complex from the Drakensberg Mountain Centre of Floristic Endemism, southern Africa, with key and notes on taxa in the complex including the overlooked F. exaristata" masterLastPageNumber="69" masterPageNumber="45" pageNumber="45" updateTime="1732710410348" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="F73B8A6261E7256EA483F381D4D2AF49">Festuca drakensbergensis (Poaceae): A common new species in the F. caprina complex from the Drakensberg Mountain Centre of Floristic Endemism, southern Africa, with key and notes on taxa in the complex including the overlooked F. exaristata</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="E50C3F960D28943653BAA703F24DF8CB">Sylvester, Steven P.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="4E8EF13D0AA593C50F39742DB87630C2">College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Long Pan Road No. 159, Nanjing, 210037, China</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="3C47FDDC4B09F8C17F5067EE7D862015">Soreng, Robert J.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="1410072DBA978E18B8D8C26B17387866">Department of Botany, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington DC 20013 - 7012, USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="627DB79097EA3A74FE489E3AE10BFD01">Sylvester, Mitsy D. P. V.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="F10FE4AC4094464495401649AADED77F">College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Long Pan Road No. 159, Nanjing, 210037, China</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="5D9E77A3E70C57D50A6C984B064DF296">Clark, Vincent Ralph</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="E963670A1F219C36C4E1DE810FF58D1A">Afromontane Research Unit and Department of Geography, University of the Free State, Qwaqwa Campus, Phuthaditjhaba, 9866, South Africa</mods:affiliation>
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<treatment id="9F19FFA288715D068F2F8B20EA3E6BA1" ID-GBIF-Taxon="168243622" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:9F19FFA288715D068F2F8B20EA3E6BA1" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/9F19FFA288715D068F2F8B20EA3E6BA1" lastPageNumber="45" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" scope_family="Poaceae">
<subSubSection id="3316938AB81F98F4DBFA1A1062BEF19A" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="0BD71511507233A5875870EA257C0D34" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">
<taxonomicName id="E66F827713528426852790B39810F25A" ID-CoL="6HT7N" LSID="9F19FFA2-8871-5D06-8F2F-8B20EA3E6BA1" authority="E. B. Alexeev, Bot. Zhurn. (Moscow &amp; Leningrad) 71 (8): 1116. 1986." class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Festuca" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Festuca exaristata" order="Poales" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="exaristata">Festuca exaristata E.B. Alexeev, Bot. Zhurn. (Moscow &amp; Leningrad) 71(8): 1116. 1986.</taxonomicName>
<figureCitation id="678C664FA2AF4BFE29D750073CBE34D9" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Festuca exaristata. A Whole plant B basal part of plant showing lustrous basal sheaths and extravaginally-branched tillers with cataphylls (ca) C close-up of inflorescence. Digitised images of holotype M. McCallum Webster 483 b (K 000345250), courtesy of JSTOR Global Plants (https: // plants. jstor. org)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.162.55550.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/460438" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="A20A4061FC5A8A4EF5C0ED35E7CAB4EF" captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="T1" captionText="Table 1. Differences in key morphological characters between the species of the Festuca caprina complex in southern Africa." pageId="0" pageNumber="45">Table 1</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="50567F7F6859AB770E547225798C111A" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="A29B733E2DF8DB901164FACD3B137C5B" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">Type.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="AE5A97219A45B05F049DA1EE786CDED7" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">[Lesotho] Basutoland. Above the Sani Pass, among stones, 9800 ft [2987 m alt.], 3 Feb 1959, M. McCallum Webster 483b (holotype: K (K000345250 [image!])).</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="6CD75A31D0406AB23F99204042210B33" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" type="notes">
<paragraph id="EE48A941F8F58FCBC30D92850AFE4607" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">Notes.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="4C529E2CCB454BD1313CC729061FAC18" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">
This species was not included in the treatments to southern African grasses (
<bibRefCitation id="35D61DCC96A33C6ADE1F3D0F24A3D7C9" author="Gibbs Russell, GE" journalOrPublisher="Strelizia 36. South African National Biodiversity Institute, Pretoria" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" refId="B9" refString="Gibbs Russell, GE, Watson, L, Koekemoer, M, Smook, L, Barker, NP, Anderson, HM, Dallwitz, MJ, 1990. Grasses of southern Africa. Memoirs of the Botanical Survey of South Africa No. 58." title="Grasses of southern Africa. Memoirs of the Botanical Survey of South Africa No. 58." year="1990">Gibbs Russell et al. 1990</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="6AA4071B006F11BFCE7DFA07E45BA52A" author="Fish, L" editor="Mashau, AC" journalOrPublisher="Strelizia 36. South African National Biodiversity Institute, Pretoria" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" pagination="347 - 352" refId="B8" refString="Fish, L, Moeaha, MJ, 2015. Festuca L. In: Mashau, AC, Moeaha, MJ, Nembudani, MT, Eds., Identification guide to southern African grasses: an identification manual with keys, descriptions and distributions. Strelizia 36. South African National Biodiversity Institute, Pretoria: 347 - 352" title="Festuca L." volumeTitle="Identification guide to southern African grasses: an identification manual with keys, descriptions and distributions." year="2015">Fish and Moeaha 2015</bibRefCitation>
), nor in the checklist to Lesotho grasses (
<bibRefCitation id="E905C011210648575C98EDB3321CCC28" author="Kobisi, K" journalOrPublisher="W. Junk, The Hague" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" refId="B16" refString="Kobisi, K, Kose, LE, 2003. A checklist of Lesotho grasses. Southern African Botanical Diversity Network Report No. 17. Pretoria." title="A checklist of Lesotho grasses. Southern African Botanical Diversity Network Report No. 17. Pretoria." year="2003">Kobisi and Kose 2003</bibRefCitation>
), but is accepted in
<bibRefCitation id="224C1F2C92A15A76C01AABD49B77A8BD" author="Plants of the World Online" journalOrPublisher="Nordic Journal of Botany" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" publicationUrl="http://www.plantsoftheworldonline.org" refId="B28" refString="Plants of the World Online, 2020. http://www.plantsoftheworldonline.org" url="http://www.plantsoftheworldonline.org" year="2020">Plants of the World Online (2020)</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="46D2EAB8519A2BF8E664E750ED0DF121" author="Plantlist" journalOrPublisher="Nordic Journal of Botany" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" publicationUrl="http://www.theplantlist.org" refId="B27" refString="Plantlist, 2020. http://www.theplantlist.org" url="http://www.theplantlist.org" year="2020">Plantlist (2020)</bibRefCitation>
, the
<bibRefCitation id="9D02694C02B71FDCDF7C3D6223B94A62" author="World Checklist of Selected Plant Families" journalOrPublisher="African Journal of Ecology" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" publicationUrl="http://wcsp.science.kew.org" refId="B39" refString="World Checklist of Selected Plant Families, 2020. http://wcsp.science.kew.org" url="http://wcsp.science.kew.org" year="2020">World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (2020)</bibRefCitation>
, GrassBase (
<bibRefCitation id="E26AC90A518A3AE1A3268EC8484EA3E7" author="Clayton, WD" journalOrPublisher="South African Journal of Botany" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" publicationUrl="http://www.kew.org/data/grasses-db.html" refId="B7" refString="Clayton, WD, Vorontsova, MS, Harman, KT, Williamson, H, 2006 onwards. GrassBase-The Online World Grass Flora. http://www.kew.org/data/grasses-db.html" title="GrassBase-The Online World Grass Flora." url="http://www.kew.org/data/grasses-db.html" year="2006 onwards">Clayton et al. 2006 onwards</bibRefCitation>
) and
<bibRefCitation id="E8F7758D9E12F30218FA5AE0669F02B1" author="Tropicos" journalOrPublisher="Taxon" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" publicationUrl="Tropicos.org" refId="B36" refString="Tropicos, 2020. Tropicos.org" url="Tropicos.org" year="2020">Tropicos (2020)</bibRefCitation>
. It is known from just two collections; the type from Sani Pass, bordering Lesotho and the KwaZulu-Natal Province of South Africa, and a paratype from Letsing La Letsie of the Matatiele Province of Lesotho. Exploration by the authors in the Sani Pass area failed to discover further specimens although, at the time of visiting, the authors were not searching in particular for
<taxonomicName id="2A141467EC3CCAECB560828352CFFAD5" lsidName="F. exaristata" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" rank="species" species="exaristata">
<emphasis id="FDC0CEAB1E23CFAE1D784EFE520BED75" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">F. exaristata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and did not cover all the habitats present. The holotype label states 'Above the Sani
<normalizedToken id="9DE1CFB91316B1CE2EDE72F6034E0C8C" originalValue="Pass">Pass'</normalizedToken>
probably referring to the mountain slopes and ridge immediately above the Sani Pass, which were not explored by us. Our exploration largely focused on the valley bottom, which experienced very heavy grazing, with it being possible that the species may have been grazed out in these areas. As the species exhibits certain characters of both
<taxonomicName id="DAFDE1C8153ACC047B9A9311215F05ED" lsidName="F. caprina" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" rank="species" species="caprina">
<emphasis id="D75E1B263E152929C0AD0F5460106DCE" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">F. caprina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
s.l. and
<taxonomicName id="10C4742DB0FDB0D95FC945EA79F6C115" lsidName="F. drakensbergensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" rank="species" species="drakensbergensis">
<emphasis id="DA5F1BC99CE4883724EC1DF91BF9EFFD" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">F. drakensbergensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, as well as other characters not found on any of these (e.g. glabrous ovaries, shorter unawned lemmas), there is also the possibility that the species is a hybrid which failed to survive into subsequent generations. However, the paratype, which was not seen by us, but was collected in 1977, 18 years after and ca. 130 km southwest of the type collection, raises doubt over this.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DE15E8B76F58A9057DFB218424695DEA" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">
<bibRefCitation id="76443457EADCCE35384463E33484EF4E" author="Alexeev, EB" journalOrPublisher="Botaniĉeskij Zhurnal (Moscow &amp; Leningrad)" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" pagination="1109 - 1117" refId="B1" refString="Alexeev, EB, 1986. New narrow-leaved Festuca (Poaceae) members from tropical and south Africa. Botaniĉeskij Zhurnal (Moscow &amp; Leningrad) 71 (8): 1109 - 1117" title="New narrow-leaved Festuca (Poaceae) members from tropical and south Africa." volume="71" year="1986">Alexeev (1986)</bibRefCitation>
distinguished this species from
<taxonomicName id="D7F8313DB5671111A9579ADBB2FE52B3" lsidName="F. macra" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" rank="species" species="macra">
<emphasis id="4B07DBEA8641E6DB81824A3A4BED6AF9" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">F. macra</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(=
<taxonomicName id="572A31ECE365DC104D460984A2681022" lsidName="F. caprina subsp. var. var. macra" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" rank="variety" species="caprina" subSpecies="var." variety="macra">F. caprina var. macra</taxonomicName>
) and
<taxonomicName id="87EE04301E82DF5B9FEA5E1B46404450" lsidName="F. caprina" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" rank="species" species="caprina">
<emphasis id="58C8C0617B1014CFF8FF850978580421" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">F. caprina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in part by: a) leaf blade mid-vein blunt and rounded; b) panicle branches smooth; c) lemmas 4-4.2 mm long; d) lemmas unawned; e) ovary apex glabrous; f) anthers 1.5-1.8 mm long. It can be further differentiated from
<taxonomicName id="CCA196DFB5E5E9220F6F5EDF697605E6" lsidName="F. caprina subsp. var. var. irrasa" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" rank="variety" species="caprina" subSpecies="var." variety="irrasa">F. caprina var. irrasa</taxonomicName>
by the basal sheaths being entire, and from
<taxonomicName id="08A7A7ED0E05B21D18EA6ABD6B39593E" lsidName="F. caprina subsp. var. var. macra" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" rank="variety" species="caprina" subSpecies="var." variety="macra">F. caprina var. macra</taxonomicName>
by the leaf blade abaxial surfaces being smooth. Furthermore, although not mentioned by
<bibRefCitation id="AECBE2955AF3DFEFA98654D5E6BD6DFB" author="Alexeev, EB" journalOrPublisher="Botaniĉeskij Zhurnal (Moscow &amp; Leningrad)" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" pagination="1109 - 1117" refId="B1" refString="Alexeev, EB, 1986. New narrow-leaved Festuca (Poaceae) members from tropical and south Africa. Botaniĉeskij Zhurnal (Moscow &amp; Leningrad) 71 (8): 1109 - 1117" title="New narrow-leaved Festuca (Poaceae) members from tropical and south Africa." volume="71" year="1986">Alexeev (1986)</bibRefCitation>
, the type material appears to have extravaginal branching, with cataphyllous laterally-tending shoots present, differentiating this from the intravaginally branched
<taxonomicName id="A2CC0D91955868A1A469D4BB5497B03A" lsidName="F. caprina" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" rank="species" species="caprina">
<emphasis id="7F02C19ADB7516D874153ED91D9D3924" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">F. caprina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
s.l. The species does bear some resemblance to
<taxonomicName id="C0F60FED49641626FECEB641235B65F4" lsidName="F. drakensbergensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" rank="species" species="drakensbergensis">
<emphasis id="621F1C37E849C6AAEA5AD5A81F728BB2" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">F. drakensbergensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(see notes under
<taxonomicName id="50367FAE9B4776CF45B0E7BD189FFE3D" lsidName="F. drakensbergensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" rank="species" species="drakensbergensis">
<emphasis id="706BB4ADC185B7104A35FAF823C25A92" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">F. drakensbergensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
).
</paragraph>
<caption id="6F96CF6372E13ECE58D991B4893C8DDB" doi="10.3897/phytokeys.162.55550.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/460438" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" start="Figure 6" startId="F6">
<paragraph id="52F1E96E07DDF5F296AA6E86615D9BDB" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">
<emphasis id="77B1FF4AE74326DE91271211BC16E558" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">Figure 6.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="28310BD7BC5BAF052B01A8B28EECECF7" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Festuca" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Festuca exaristata" order="Poales" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="exaristata">
<emphasis id="1F6BE62E0706A8E4A5CEE3C62D388941" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">Festuca exaristata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
<emphasis id="D1720D6EC94113A0EF76C37DF282A029" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">A</emphasis>
Whole plant
<emphasis id="C84F2209D99A857CD797988495C79577" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">B</emphasis>
basal part of plant showing lustrous basal sheaths and extravaginally-branched tillers with cataphylls (ca)
<emphasis id="4E387927E020B1272E6E75DD5AE67276" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">C</emphasis>
close-up of inflorescence. Digitised images of holotype M. McCallum Webster 483b (K000345250), courtesy of JSTOR Global Plants (https://plants.jstor.org).
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
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