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58 KiB
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728 lines
58 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.82.64130" ID-GBIF-Dataset="20f04b39-1f9a-4b18-8b8a-16dbd0f24b17" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2607-82-347" ID-Pensoft-UUID="D6917A53A04456F3961E7C5B370CC663" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4741691" ID-ZooBank="9161D8BF832A4DB5B200A7CD3C6B4BB5" ModsDocID="1314-2607-82-347" checkinTime="1619783723327" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Astafurova, Yulia V. & Proshchalykin, Maxim Yu." docDate="2021" docId="838E75C1DD475F608624FE399EE6341C" docLanguage="en" docName="JourHymenoptRes 82: 347-359" docOrigin="Journal of Hymenoptera Research 82" docPubDate="2021-04-29" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.82.64130" docTitle="Sphecodes combai Nobile & Turrisi 2004" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" id="D6917A53A04456F3961E7C5B370CC663" lastPageNumber="347" masterDocId="D6917A53A04456F3961E7C5B370CC663" masterDocTitle="New synonymies in Sphecodes Latreille, 1804 (Hymenoptera, Apoidea, Halictidae) species from Italy, with taxonomic notes on type material" masterLastPageNumber="359" masterPageNumber="347" pageNumber="347" updateTime="1678755717820" updateUser="pensoft">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>New synonymies in Sphecodes Latreille, 1804 (Hymenoptera, Apoidea, Halictidae) species from Italy, with taxonomic notes on type material</mods:title>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Astafurova, Yulia V.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0557-7792</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation>Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Saint Petersburg 199034, Russia</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Proshchalykin, Maxim Yu.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7870-8226</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation>Federal Scientific Center of the East Asia Terrestrial Biodiversity, Far East Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok 690022, Russia</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">proshchalikin@biosoil.ru</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:title>Journal of Hymenoptera Research</mods:title>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2021</mods:date>
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<mods:number>2021-04-29</mods:number>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>82</mods:number>
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<mods:start>347</mods:start>
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<mods:end>359</mods:end>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.82.64130</mods:url>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.82.64130</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1314-2607-82-347</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">4741691</mods:identifier>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="181758022" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:838E75C1DD475F608624FE399EE6341C" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/838E75C1DD475F608624FE399EE6341C" lastPageNumber="347" pageId="0" pageNumber="347">
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="347" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="347">
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<taxonomicName ID-CoL="6Z9ZN" LSID="838E75C1-DD47-5F60-8624-FE399EE6341C" authority="Nobile & Turrisi, 2004" authorityName="Nobile & Turrisi" authorityYear="2004" class="Insecta" family="Halictidae" genus="Sphecodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sphecodes combai" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="347" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="combai">Sphecodes combai Nobile & Turrisi, 2004</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="347" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="347">
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Sphecodes combai Nobile & Turrisi, 2004, holotype, male A head, frontal view B vertex, dorsal view C metasoma, dorsal view D T 1, dorsal view E genitalia, dorsal view F labels. Scale bars: 0.5 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.82.64130.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/537872" pageId="0" pageNumber="347">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="347" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="347">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Nobile & Turrisi" authorityYear="2004" class="Insecta" family="Halictidae" genus="Sphecodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sphecodes combai" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="347" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="combai">Sphecodes combai</taxonomicName>
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Nobile & Turrisi, 2004: 119-120, ♂. Holotype: ♂, Italy, Lazio, Albani Hills, Cecchina, Poggio Ameno, 280 m, 1.X.1990, M. Comba, on
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Halictidae" genus="Hedera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hedera helix" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="347" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="helix">Hedera helix</taxonomicName>
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L. (ZSM), examined.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="347">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Nobile & Turrisi" authorityYear="2004" class="Insecta" family="Halictidae" genus="Sphecodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sphecodes banaszaki" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="347" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="banaszaki">Sphecodes banaszaki</taxonomicName>
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Nobile & Turrisi, 2004: 120-121, ♂. Holotype: ♂, Italy, Lazio, Albani Hills, communal forest of Albano, 480 m, 23.VI.1995, M. Comba (ZSM), examined, illustrated in Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Sphecodes banaszaki Nobile & Turrisi, 2004, holotype, male A head, frontal view B vertex, dorsal view C metasoma, dorsal view D T 1, dorsal view E genitalia, dorsal view F labels. Scale bars: 0.5 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.82.64130.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/537873" pageId="0" pageNumber="347">2</figureCitation>
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. - Syn. nov.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="347">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Nobile & Turrisi" authorityYear="2004" class="Insecta" family="Halictidae" genus="Sphecodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sphecodes marcellinoi" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="347" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="marcellinoi">Sphecodes marcellinoi</taxonomicName>
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Nobile & Turrisi, 2004: 121-122, ♂. Holotype: ♂, Italy, Sicily, Mount Etna, Piano Vetore, 1700 m (Ragalna), 2.V.1999, S. Tomarchio (ZSM), examined, illustrated in Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Sphecodes marcellinoi Nobile & Turrisi, 2004, holotype, male A head, frontal view B vertex, dorsal view C metasoma, dorsal view D T 1, dorsal view E genitalia, dorsal view F labels. Scale bars: 0.5 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.82.64130.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/537874" pageId="0" pageNumber="347">3</figureCitation>
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. - Syn. nov.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="347">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Nobile & Turrisi" authorityYear="2004" class="Insecta" family="Halictidae" genus="Sphecodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sphecodes walteri" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="347" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="walteri">Sphecodes walteri</taxonomicName>
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Nobile & Turrisi, 2004: 122-123, ♂. Holotype: ♂, Italy, Sicily, Mount Etna south slope, near da Milia, 1500 m (Ragalna), I0.VIII.1999, S. Tomarchio (ZSM), examined, illustrated in Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Sphecodes walteri Nobile & Turrisi, 2004, holotype, male A head, frontal view B vertex, dorsal view C metasoma, dorsal view D T 1, dorsal view E genitalia, dorsal view F labels. Scale bars: 0.5 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.82.64130.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/537875" pageId="0" pageNumber="347">4</figureCitation>
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. - Syn. nov.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="347">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Nobile & Turrisi" authorityYear="2004" class="Insecta" family="Halictidae" genus="Sphecodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sphecodes iosephi" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="347" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="iosephi">Sphecodes iosephi</taxonomicName>
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Nobile & Turrisi, 2004: 123-124, ♂. Holotype: ♂, Sicily, Mount Etna, south slope, near da Milia, 1400 m (Ragalna), 10.VIII.1999, S. Tomarchio (ZSM), examined, illustrated in Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Sphecodes iosephi Nobile & Turrisi, 2004, holotype, male A head, frontal view B vertex, dorsal view C metasoma, dorsal view D T 1, dorsal view E genitalia, dorsal view F labels. Scale bars: 0.5 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.82.64130.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/537876" pageId="0" pageNumber="347">5</figureCitation>
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. - Syn. nov.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="347">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Nobile & Turrisi" authorityYear="2004" class="Insecta" family="Halictidae" genus="Sphecodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sphecodes tomarchioi" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="347" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tomarchioi">Sphecodes tomarchioi</taxonomicName>
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Nobile & Turrisi, 2004: 124-125, Italy, ♂. Holotype: ♂, Sicily, Mount Etna, south slope, near da Milia, 1400 m (Ragalna), 10.VIII.1999, S. Tomarchio (ZSM), examined, illustrated in Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Sphecodes tomarchioi Nobile & Turrisi, 2004, holotype, male A head, frontal view B vertex, dorsal view C metasoma, dorsal view D T 1, dorsal view E genitalia, dorsal view F labels. Scale bars: 0.5 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.82.64130.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/537877" pageId="0" pageNumber="347">6</figureCitation>
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. - Syn. nov.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="347" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="347">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="347">
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Morphologically,
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<taxonomicName family="Halictidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="S. combai" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="347" rank="species" species="combai">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="347">S. combai</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is similar to members of the
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<taxonomicName family="Halictidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="S. miniatus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="347" rank="species" species="miniatus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="347">S. miniatus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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Hagens, 1882 species group, i.e.
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<taxonomicName family="Halictidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="S. creticus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="347" rank="species" species="creticus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="347">S. creticus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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Warncke, 1992,
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<taxonomicName family="Halictidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="S. haladai" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="347" rank="species" species="haladai">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="347">S. haladai</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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Warncke, 1992,
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<taxonomicName family="Halictidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="S. larochei" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="347" rank="species" species="larochei">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="347">S. larochei</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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Warncke, 1992,
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<taxonomicName family="Halictidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="S. marginatus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="347" rank="species" species="marginatus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="347">S. marginatus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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Hagens, 1882,
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<taxonomicName family="Halictidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="S. miniatus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="347" rank="species" species="miniatus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="347">S. miniatus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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Hagens, 1882,
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<taxonomicName family="Halictidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="S. nomioidis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="347" rank="species" species="nomioidis">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="347">S. nomioidis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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Pesenko, 1979,
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<taxonomicName family="Halictidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="S. schwarzi" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="347" rank="species" species="schwarzi">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="347">S. schwarzi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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Astafurova & Proshchalykin, 2014, and
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<taxonomicName family="Halictidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="S. sandykachis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="347" rank="species" species="sandykachis">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="347">S. sandykachis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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Astafurova & Proshchalykin, 2018 (see
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<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4441.1.4" author="Astafurova, YuV" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="0" pageNumber="347" pagination="76 - 88" refId="B2" refString="Astafurova, YuV, Proshchalykin, MYu, Schwarz, M, 2018. New and little known bees of the genus Sphecodes Latreille, 1804 (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Halictidae) from Central Asia. Zootaxa 4441 (1): 76 - 88, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4441.1.4" title="New and little known bees of the genus Sphecodes Latreille, 1804 (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Halictidae) from Central Asia." url="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4441.1.4" volume="4441" year="2018">Astafurova et al. 2018</bibRefCitation>
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). However, this species clearly differs from other species of this group by F2 with tyloids covering the entire ventral flagellar surface (versus glabrous F2 or F2 with tyloids covering only the basal part of F2, Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Sphecodes pinguiculus Perez, 1903 (A), S. marginatus Hagens, 1882 (B, D), and S. nomioidis Pesenko, 1979 (C, E), males A head, frontal view B, C antennae, lateral view D, E genitalia, dorsal view. Scale bars: 0.5 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.82.64130.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/537878" pageId="0" pageNumber="347">7B, C</figureCitation>
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). This character was also pointed out by
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<bibRefCitation author="Nobile, V" journalOrPublisher="Biodiversity Journal" pageId="0" pageNumber="347" pagination="565 - 570" refId="B8" refString="Nobile, V, Turrisi, GF, 2013. Remarks on the genus Sphecodes Latreille, 1804, pinguiculus Perez, 1903 species-group (Hymenoptera Apidae) from Italy: a reply to the article of Schwarz & Gusenleitner (2012). Biodiversity Journal 4 (4): 565 - 570" title="Remarks on the genus Sphecodes Latreille, 1804, pinguiculus Perez, 1903 species-group (Hymenoptera Apidae) from Italy: a reply to the article of Schwarz & Gusenleitner (2012)." volume="4" year="2013">Nobile and Turrisi (2013)</bibRefCitation>
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as a clearly distinguishing one from
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<taxonomicName family="Halictidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="S. marginatus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="347" rank="species" species="marginatus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="347">S. marginatus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. Another important feature mentioned by these Italian researchers is the gonostylar shape. Although being very similar in these two species, in
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<taxonomicName family="Halictidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="S. marginatus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="347" rank="species" species="marginatus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="347">S. marginatus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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it is relatively smaller and close to the triangular membranous portion of the gonostylus (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Sphecodes pinguiculus Perez, 1903 (A), S. marginatus Hagens, 1882 (B, D), and S. nomioidis Pesenko, 1979 (C, E), males A head, frontal view B, C antennae, lateral view D, E genitalia, dorsal view. Scale bars: 0.5 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.82.64130.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/537878" pageId="0" pageNumber="347">7D</figureCitation>
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), distinguishes,
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<taxonomicName family="Halictidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="S. combai" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="347" rank="species" species="combai">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="347">S. combai</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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from its trapezoidal membranous portion is larger (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Sphecodes combai Nobile & Turrisi, 2004, holotype, male A head, frontal view B vertex, dorsal view C metasoma, dorsal view D T 1, dorsal view E genitalia, dorsal view F labels. Scale bars: 0.5 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.82.64130.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/537872" pageId="0" pageNumber="347">1E</figureCitation>
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). Thus, its shape is most similar to that in
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<taxonomicName family="Halictidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="S. nomioidis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="347" rank="species" species="nomioidis">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="347">S. nomioidis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Sphecodes pinguiculus Perez, 1903 (A), S. marginatus Hagens, 1882 (B, D), and S. nomioidis Pesenko, 1979 (C, E), males A head, frontal view B, C antennae, lateral view D, E genitalia, dorsal view. Scale bars: 0.5 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.82.64130.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/537878" pageId="0" pageNumber="347">7E</figureCitation>
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), although the position of the gonostylus or deformation of the genitalia in some specimens can significantly complicate proper usage of this feature. In fact, we could not clearly differentiate between
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<taxonomicName family="Halictidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="S. combai" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="347" rank="species" species="combai">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="347">S. combai</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName family="Halictidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="S. nomioidis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="347" rank="species" species="nomioidis">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="347">S. nomioidis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, except by F2 tyloids (F2 is entirely glabrous in
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<taxonomicName family="Halictidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="S. nomioidis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="347" rank="species" species="nomioidis">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="347">S. nomioidis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<caption ID-Zenodo-Dep="4741693" doi="10.3897/jhr.82.64130.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/537872" pageId="0" pageNumber="347" start="Figure 1" startId="F1">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="347">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="347">Figure 1.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Nobile & Turrisi" authorityYear="2004" class="Insecta" family="Halictidae" genus="Sphecodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sphecodes combai" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="347" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="combai">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="347">Sphecodes combai</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
Nobile & Turrisi, 2004, holotype, male
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="347">A</emphasis>
|
|
head, frontal view
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="347">B</emphasis>
|
|
vertex, dorsal view
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="347">C</emphasis>
|
|
metasoma, dorsal view
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="347">D</emphasis>
|
|
T1, dorsal view
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="347">E</emphasis>
|
|
genitalia, dorsal view
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="347">F</emphasis>
|
|
labels. Scale bars: 0.5 mm.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</caption>
|
|
<caption ID-Zenodo-Dep="4741695" doi="10.3897/jhr.82.64130.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/537873" pageId="0" pageNumber="347" start="Figure 2" startId="F2">
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="347">
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="347">Figure 2.</emphasis>
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Nobile & Turrisi" authorityYear="2004" class="Insecta" family="Halictidae" genus="Sphecodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sphecodes banaszaki" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="347" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="banaszaki">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="347">Sphecodes banaszaki</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
Nobile & Turrisi, 2004, holotype, male
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="347">A</emphasis>
|
|
head, frontal view
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="347">B</emphasis>
|
|
vertex, dorsal view
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="347">C</emphasis>
|
|
metasoma, dorsal view
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="347">D</emphasis>
|
|
T1, dorsal view
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="347">E</emphasis>
|
|
genitalia, dorsal view
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="347">F</emphasis>
|
|
labels. Scale bars: 0.5 mm.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</caption>
|
|
<caption ID-Zenodo-Dep="4741697" doi="10.3897/jhr.82.64130.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/537874" pageId="0" pageNumber="347" start="Figure 3" startId="F3">
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="347">
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="347">Figure 3.</emphasis>
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Nobile & Turrisi" authorityYear="2004" class="Insecta" family="Halictidae" genus="Sphecodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sphecodes marcellinoi" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="347" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="marcellinoi">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="347">Sphecodes marcellinoi</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
Nobile & Turrisi, 2004, holotype, male
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="347">A</emphasis>
|
|
head, frontal view
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="347">B</emphasis>
|
|
vertex, dorsal view
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="347">C</emphasis>
|
|
metasoma, dorsal view
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="347">D</emphasis>
|
|
T1, dorsal view
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="347">E</emphasis>
|
|
genitalia, dorsal view
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="347">F</emphasis>
|
|
labels. Scale bars: 0.5 mm.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</caption>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="347">
|
|
Based on antennal morphology,
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Nobile, V" journalOrPublisher="Entomofauna" pageId="0" pageNumber="347" pagination="117 - 132" refId="B7" refString="Nobile, V, Turrisi, GF, 2004. Contribution to the knowledge of Italian cleptoparasitic Bees. X. The genus Sphecodes Latreille, " pinguiculus Perez" group, with description of new species (Hymenoptera, Apoidea, Halictidae). Entomofauna 25: 117 - 132" title="Contribution to the knowledge of Italian cleptoparasitic Bees. X. The genus Sphecodes Latreille, " pinguiculus Perez " group, with description of new species (Hymenoptera, Apoidea, Halictidae)." volume="25" year="2004">Nobile and Turrisi (2004</bibRefCitation>
|
|
, 2012) referred
|
|
<taxonomicName family="Halictidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="S. combai" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="347" rank="species" species="combai">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="347">S. combai</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
(and the other six species described in 2004) to the
|
|
<taxonomicName family="Halictidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="S. pinguiculus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="347" rank="species" species="pinguiculus">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="347">S. pinguiculus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
<normalizedToken originalValue="Pérez">Perez</normalizedToken>
|
|
, 1903 species group (i.e., to the same group with
|
|
<taxonomicName family="Halictidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="S. pinguiculus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="347" rank="species" species="pinguiculus">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="347">S. pinguiculus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
and
|
|
<taxonomicName family="Halictidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="S. intermedius" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="347" rank="species" species="intermedius">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="347">S. intermedius</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
<normalizedToken originalValue="Blüthgen">Bluethgen</normalizedToken>
|
|
, 1923). Although
|
|
<taxonomicName family="Halictidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="S. pinguiculus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="347" rank="species" species="pinguiculus">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="347">S. pinguiculus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
and
|
|
<taxonomicName family="Halictidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="S. intermedius" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="347" rank="species" species="intermedius">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="347">S. intermedius</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
also have a similar T2 with tyloids usually covering the entire ventral flagellar surface (sometimes T2 is entirely or partially glabrous in
|
|
<taxonomicName family="Halictidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="S. intermedius" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="347" rank="species" species="intermedius">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="347">S. intermedius</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
),
|
|
<taxonomicName family="Halictidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="S. combai" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="347" rank="species" species="combai">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="347">S. combai</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
differs from these species by a shorter antenna with flagellomeres being 1.1-1.2 times as long as wide (versus 1.4-1.7, Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Sphecodes pinguiculus Perez, 1903 (A), S. marginatus Hagens, 1882 (B, D), and S. nomioidis Pesenko, 1979 (C, E), males A head, frontal view B, C antennae, lateral view D, E genitalia, dorsal view. Scale bars: 0.5 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.82.64130.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/537878" pageId="0" pageNumber="347">7A</figureCitation>
|
|
), a shorter vertex (the distance from top of the head to the upper margin of the lateral ocellus, being about two lateral ocellar diameters as seen in dorsal view, versus 2.5-3), the face above the antennal sockets with sparser and shorter pubescence partially obscuring the integument (versus dense long pubescence entirely obscuring the integument, Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Sphecodes pinguiculus Perez, 1903 (A), S. marginatus Hagens, 1882 (B, D), and S. nomioidis Pesenko, 1979 (C, E), males A head, frontal view B, C antennae, lateral view D, E genitalia, dorsal view. Scale bars: 0.5 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.82.64130.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/537878" pageId="0" pageNumber="347">7A</figureCitation>
|
|
), and a more sparsely and finely punctate T1 with punctures separated by 2-5 puncture diameters (versus at most 2). So, possible placement of
|
|
<taxonomicName family="Halictidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="S. combai" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="347" rank="species" species="combai">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="347">S. combai</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
to the
|
|
<taxonomicName family="Halictidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="S. pinguiculus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="347" rank="species" species="pinguiculus">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="347">S. pinguiculus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
species group is doubtful and would be premature without taking into account the female morphological features. Besides, morphologically it is more similar to
|
|
<taxonomicName family="Halictidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="S. marginatus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="347" rank="species" species="marginatus">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="347">S. marginatus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
and
|
|
<taxonomicName family="Halictidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="S. nomioidis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="347" rank="species" species="nomioidis">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="347">S. nomioidis</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
, so most likely
|
|
<taxonomicName family="Halictidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="S. combai" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="347" rank="species" species="combai">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="347">S. combai</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
belongs to the same group with the latter two species.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<caption ID-Zenodo-Dep="4741699" doi="10.3897/jhr.82.64130.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/537875" pageId="0" pageNumber="347" start="Figure 4" startId="F4">
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="347">
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="347">Figure 4.</emphasis>
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Nobile & Turrisi" authorityYear="2004" class="Insecta" family="Halictidae" genus="Sphecodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sphecodes walteri" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="347" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="walteri">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="347">Sphecodes walteri</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
Nobile & Turrisi, 2004, holotype, male
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="347">A</emphasis>
|
|
head, frontal view
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="347">B</emphasis>
|
|
vertex, dorsal view
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="347">C</emphasis>
|
|
metasoma, dorsal view
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="347">D</emphasis>
|
|
T1, dorsal view
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="347">E</emphasis>
|
|
genitalia, dorsal view
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="347">F</emphasis>
|
|
labels. Scale bars: 0.5 mm.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</caption>
|
|
<caption ID-Zenodo-Dep="4741701" doi="10.3897/jhr.82.64130.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/537876" pageId="0" pageNumber="347" start="Figure 5" startId="F5">
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="347">
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="347">Figure 5.</emphasis>
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Nobile & Turrisi" authorityYear="2004" class="Insecta" family="Halictidae" genus="Sphecodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sphecodes iosephi" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="347" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="iosephi">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="347">Sphecodes iosephi</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
Nobile & Turrisi, 2004, holotype, male
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="347">A</emphasis>
|
|
head, frontal view
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="347">B</emphasis>
|
|
vertex, dorsal view
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="347">C</emphasis>
|
|
metasoma, dorsal view
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="347">D</emphasis>
|
|
T1, dorsal view
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="347">E</emphasis>
|
|
genitalia, dorsal view
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="347">F</emphasis>
|
|
labels. Scale bars: 0.5 mm.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</caption>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="347">
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="347">Female.</emphasis>
|
|
The female of
|
|
<taxonomicName family="Halictidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="S. combai" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="347" rank="species" species="combai">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="347">S. combai</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
has not been described, but we examined two from Italy (1 ♀, Emilia Romanga, Comacchio, VII.2001, M. Richa, and 1 ♀, Sicily, Naxos Strand, 17.V.1961, J. Gusenleitner), both in the personal collection of M. Schwarz, Ansfelden, Austria) determined by J. Straka (in 2012) as
|
|
<taxonomicName family="Halictidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="S. combai." order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="347" rank="species" species="combai.">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="347">S. combai.</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
These specimens are very similar to
|
|
<taxonomicName family="Halictidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="S. marginatus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="347" rank="species" species="marginatus">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="347">S. marginatus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
, but with a relatively denser punctate ocello-ocular area. It is likely that these two female specimens belong to
|
|
<taxonomicName family="Halictidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="S. combai" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="347" rank="species" species="combai">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="347">S. combai</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
, thus providing an additional indication that this species is likely to belong to the informal
|
|
<taxonomicName family="Halictidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="S. miniatus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="347" rank="species" species="miniatus">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="347">S. miniatus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
species group. However, we refrain from describing the female sex of this species based on specimens not in the same series with conspecific males. In addition, if the assumption that
|
|
<taxonomicName family="Halictidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="S. combai" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="347" rank="species" species="combai">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="347">S. combai</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
belongs to the
|
|
<taxonomicName family="Halictidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="S. miniatus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="347" rank="species" species="miniatus">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="347">S. miniatus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
species group is correct, then the female of
|
|
<taxonomicName family="Halictidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="S. combai" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="347" rank="species" species="combai">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="347">S. combai</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
may have very weak morphological differences from the other members of this group. Therefore, description of the other sex of
|
|
<taxonomicName family="Halictidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="S. combai" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="347" rank="species" species="combai">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="347">S. combai</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
may also require additional genetic evidence, which is now unfortunately lacking for both sexes.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="347" type="synonymy">
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="347">Synonymy.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="347">
|
|
Most species of
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1804" class="Insecta" family="Halictidae" genus="Sphecodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sphecodes" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="347" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="347">Sphecodes</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
exhibit a considerable intraspecific variation. While studying numerous specimens from various parts of the Old World we have observed variation in the body size, sculpture, coloration, and sometimes degree of development of the tyloids and relative length of the flagellomeres. Intraspecific versus interspecific variation in body size
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1804" class="Insecta" family="Halictidae" genus="Sphecodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sphecodes" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="347" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="347">Sphecodes</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
is an interesting topic that warrants a further, thorough investigation, including using molecular methods.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="347">
|
|
Indicated differences between the seven nominal species described by
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Nobile, V" journalOrPublisher="Entomofauna" pageId="0" pageNumber="347" pagination="117 - 132" refId="B7" refString="Nobile, V, Turrisi, GF, 2004. Contribution to the knowledge of Italian cleptoparasitic Bees. X. The genus Sphecodes Latreille, " pinguiculus Perez" group, with description of new species (Hymenoptera, Apoidea, Halictidae). Entomofauna 25: 117 - 132" title="Contribution to the knowledge of Italian cleptoparasitic Bees. X. The genus Sphecodes Latreille, " pinguiculus Perez " group, with description of new species (Hymenoptera, Apoidea, Halictidae)." volume="25" year="2004">Nobile and Turrisi (2004)</bibRefCitation>
|
|
were based on sculpture (of the vertex, frons, T1), coloration (of the mandibles, antennae, metasoma and legs) and the gonostylar shape. We have reexamined the holotypes of
|
|
<taxonomicName family="Halictidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="S. banaszaki" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="347" rank="species" species="banaszaki">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="347">S. banaszaki</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName family="Halictidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="S. tomarchioi" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="347" rank="species" species="tomarchioi">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="347">S. tomarchioi</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName family="Halictidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="S. iosephi" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="347" rank="species" species="iosephi">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="347">S. iosephi</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName family="Halictidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="S. walteri" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="347" rank="species" species="walteri">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="347">S. walteri</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName family="Halictidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="S. marcellinoi" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="347" rank="species" species="marcellinoi">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="347">S. marcellinoi</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName family="Halictidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="S. combai" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="347" rank="species" species="combai">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="347">S. combai</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
and concluded that the minor morphological differences between them can be considered as intraspecific variation, as also pointed out by
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Schwarz, M" journalOrPublisher="Entomofauna" pageId="0" pageNumber="347" pagination="73 - 80" refId="B10" refString="Schwarz, M, Gusenleitner, F, 2012. Zur Kenntnis der von Nobile V. & G.F. Turrisi (2004) aus Italien beschriebenen Sphecodes -Arten (Hymenoptera, Apidae). Entomofauna 33: 73 - 80" title="Zur Kenntnis der von Nobile V. & G. F. Turrisi (2004) aus Italien beschriebenen Sphecodes - Arten (Hymenoptera, Apidae)." volume="33" year="2012">Schwarz and Gusenleitner (2012)</bibRefCitation>
|
|
.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="347">
|
|
The main differences between the primary type specimens examined are outlined in Table
|
|
<tableCitation captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="T1" captionText="Table 1. Differences of Sphecodes combai from other species of the S. miniatus species group described by Nobile and Turissi (2004)." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/3A2E19B6DE09184452400B70021CF5B6" pageId="0" pageNumber="347" tableUuid="3A2E19B6DE09184452400B70021CF5B6">1</tableCitation>
|
|
. The holotype of
|
|
<taxonomicName family="Halictidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="S. marcellinoi" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="347" rank="species" species="marcellinoi">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="347">S. marcellinoi</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
has a sparser punctation on the upper half of the frons; tergal coloration of the holotype of
|
|
<taxonomicName family="Halictidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="S. combai" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="347" rank="species" species="combai">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="347">S. combai</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
is lighter and reddish; the holotype of
|
|
<taxonomicName family="Halictidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="S. banaszaki" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="347" rank="species" species="banaszaki">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="347">S. banaszaki</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
is larger (6 mm versus 4-5 mm) and with coarser and denser T1 punctation; the holotype of
|
|
<taxonomicName family="Halictidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="S. iosephi" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="347" rank="species" species="iosephi">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="347">S. iosephi</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
has a denser punctate ocello-ocular area and mandibles medially dark yellow (not entirely black as incorrectly indicated in the original description). The slight differences in the gonostylar shape, as illustrated by
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Nobile, V" journalOrPublisher="Entomofauna" pageId="0" pageNumber="347" pagination="117 - 132" refId="B7" refString="Nobile, V, Turrisi, GF, 2004. Contribution to the knowledge of Italian cleptoparasitic Bees. X. The genus Sphecodes Latreille, " pinguiculus Perez" group, with description of new species (Hymenoptera, Apoidea, Halictidae). Entomofauna 25: 117 - 132" title="Contribution to the knowledge of Italian cleptoparasitic Bees. X. The genus Sphecodes Latreille, " pinguiculus Perez " group, with description of new species (Hymenoptera, Apoidea, Halictidae)." volume="25" year="2004">Nobile and Turrisi (2004)</bibRefCitation>
|
|
, are the result of a deformation and different position of the gonostylus relative to the axis of genitalia, see also
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Schwarz, M" journalOrPublisher="Entomofauna" pageId="0" pageNumber="347" pagination="73 - 80" refId="B10" refString="Schwarz, M, Gusenleitner, F, 2012. Zur Kenntnis der von Nobile V. & G.F. Turrisi (2004) aus Italien beschriebenen Sphecodes -Arten (Hymenoptera, Apidae). Entomofauna 33: 73 - 80" title="Zur Kenntnis der von Nobile V. & G. F. Turrisi (2004) aus Italien beschriebenen Sphecodes - Arten (Hymenoptera, Apidae)." volume="33" year="2012">Schwarz and Gusenleitner (2012)</bibRefCitation>
|
|
.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="347">
|
|
On the other hand, such a rare feature as F2 with tyloids covering the entire ventral flagellar surface not only distinguishes the six nominal species of
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1804" class="Insecta" family="Halictidae" genus="Sphecodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sphecodes" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="347" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="347">Sphecodes</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
described by
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Nobile, V" journalOrPublisher="Entomofauna" pageId="0" pageNumber="347" pagination="117 - 132" refId="B7" refString="Nobile, V, Turrisi, GF, 2004. Contribution to the knowledge of Italian cleptoparasitic Bees. X. The genus Sphecodes Latreille, " pinguiculus Perez" group, with description of new species (Hymenoptera, Apoidea, Halictidae). Entomofauna 25: 117 - 132" title="Contribution to the knowledge of Italian cleptoparasitic Bees. X. The genus Sphecodes Latreille, " pinguiculus Perez " group, with description of new species (Hymenoptera, Apoidea, Halictidae)." volume="25" year="2004">Nobile and Turrisi (2004)</bibRefCitation>
|
|
from Italy from the other Palaearctic species quite well, but also more likely (also based on their morphological similarity) indicates their conspecificity within
|
|
<taxonomicName family="Halictidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="S. combai" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="347" rank="species" species="combai">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="347">S. combai</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<caption ID-Zenodo-Dep="4741703" doi="10.3897/jhr.82.64130.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/537877" pageId="0" pageNumber="347" start="Figure 6" startId="F6">
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="347">
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="347">Figure 6.</emphasis>
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Nobile & Turrisi" authorityYear="2004" class="Insecta" family="Halictidae" genus="Sphecodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sphecodes tomarchioi" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="347" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tomarchioi">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="347">Sphecodes tomarchioi</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
Nobile & Turrisi, 2004, holotype, male
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="347">A</emphasis>
|
|
head, frontal view
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="347">B</emphasis>
|
|
vertex, dorsal view
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="347">C</emphasis>
|
|
metasoma, dorsal view
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="347">D</emphasis>
|
|
T1, dorsal view
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="347">E</emphasis>
|
|
genitalia, dorsal view
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="347">F</emphasis>
|
|
labels. Scale bars: 0.5 mm.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</caption>
|
|
<caption ID-Zenodo-Dep="4741705" doi="10.3897/jhr.82.64130.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/537878" pageId="0" pageNumber="347" start="Figure 7" startId="F7">
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="347">
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="347">Figure 7.</emphasis>
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Perez" authorityYear="1903" class="Insecta" family="Halictidae" genus="Sphecodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sphecodes pinguiculus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="347" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pinguiculus">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="347">Sphecodes pinguiculus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
<normalizedToken originalValue="Pérez">Perez</normalizedToken>
|
|
, 1903 (
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="347">A</emphasis>
|
|
),
|
|
<taxonomicName family="Halictidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="S. marginatus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="347" rank="species" species="marginatus">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="347">S. marginatus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
Hagens, 1882 (
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="347">B, D</emphasis>
|
|
), and
|
|
<taxonomicName family="Halictidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="S. nomioidis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="347" rank="species" species="nomioidis">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="347">S. nomioidis</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
Pesenko, 1979 (
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="347">C, E</emphasis>
|
|
), males
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="347">A</emphasis>
|
|
head, frontal view
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="347">B, C</emphasis>
|
|
antennae, lateral view
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="347">D, E</emphasis>
|
|
genitalia, dorsal view. Scale bars: 0.5 mm.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</caption>
|
|
<caption ID-Table-UUID="3A2E19B6DE09184452400B70021CF5B6" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/3A2E19B6DE09184452400B70021CF5B6" pageId="0" pageNumber="347" start="Table 1" startId="T1">
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="347">
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="347">Table 1.</emphasis>
|
|
Differences of
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Nobile & Turrisi" authorityYear="2004" class="Insecta" family="Halictidae" genus="Sphecodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sphecodes combai" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="347" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="combai">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="347">Sphecodes combai</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
from other species of the
|
|
<taxonomicName family="Halictidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="S. miniatus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="347" rank="species" species="miniatus">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="347">S. miniatus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
species group described by Nobile and Turissi (2004).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</caption>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="347">
|
|
<table pageId="0" pageNumber="347">
|
|
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="347">
|
|
<th colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="347" rowspan="1">Characters</th>
|
|
<th colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="347" rowspan="2">F2</th>
|
|
<th colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="347" rowspan="2">Ocello-ocular area</th>
|
|
<th colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="347" rowspan="2">Upper half of frons (below ocelli)</th>
|
|
<th colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="347" rowspan="2">T1</th>
|
|
<th colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="347" rowspan="2">Coloration of terga</th>
|
|
<th colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="347" rowspan="2">Type locality</th>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="347">
|
|
<th colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="347" rowspan="1">Holotype specimens</th>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="347">
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="347" rowspan="1">
|
|
<taxonomicName family="Halictidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="S. combai" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="347" rank="species" species="combai">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="347">S. combai</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
(Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Sphecodes combai Nobile & Turrisi, 2004, holotype, male A head, frontal view B vertex, dorsal view C metasoma, dorsal view D T 1, dorsal view E genitalia, dorsal view F labels. Scale bars: 0.5 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.82.64130.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/537872" pageId="0" pageNumber="347">1</figureCitation>
|
|
)
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="347" rowspan="1">1.1</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="347" rowspan="1">
|
|
ca 10
|
|
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
|
|
/ 1-3
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="347" rowspan="1">
|
|
10-15
|
|
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
|
|
/ confluent-1
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="347" rowspan="1">
|
|
5-10
|
|
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
|
|
/ 2-5
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="347" rowspan="1">red-brown with lighter marginal zones</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="347" rowspan="1">Lasio, Albani Hills</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="347">
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="347" rowspan="1">
|
|
<taxonomicName family="Halictidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="S. banaszaki" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="347" rank="species" species="banaszaki">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="347">S. banaszaki</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
(Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Sphecodes banaszaki Nobile & Turrisi, 2004, holotype, male A head, frontal view B vertex, dorsal view C metasoma, dorsal view D T 1, dorsal view E genitalia, dorsal view F labels. Scale bars: 0.5 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.82.64130.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/537873" pageId="0" pageNumber="347">2</figureCitation>
|
|
)
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="347" rowspan="1">1.2</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="347" rowspan="1">
|
|
10-15
|
|
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
|
|
/ 0.5-2
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="347" rowspan="1">
|
|
10-15
|
|
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
|
|
/ less 0.5
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="347" rowspan="1">
|
|
5-12
|
|
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
|
|
/ 1-3
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="347" rowspan="1">T1-T2 dark red-brown with reddish marginal zones, T3-T4 black, T5 reddish</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="347" rowspan="1">Lasio, Albani Hills</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="347">
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="347" rowspan="1">
|
|
<taxonomicName family="Halictidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="S. marcellinoi" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="347" rank="species" species="marcellinoi">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="347">S. marcellinoi</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
(Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Sphecodes marcellinoi Nobile & Turrisi, 2004, holotype, male A head, frontal view B vertex, dorsal view C metasoma, dorsal view D T 1, dorsal view E genitalia, dorsal view F labels. Scale bars: 0.5 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.82.64130.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/537874" pageId="0" pageNumber="347">3</figureCitation>
|
|
)
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="347" rowspan="1">1.2</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="347" rowspan="1">
|
|
10-15
|
|
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
|
|
/ 1-2
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="347" rowspan="1">
|
|
ca 10
|
|
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
|
|
/ 0.5-2
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="347" rowspan="1">
|
|
ca 5
|
|
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
|
|
/ 2-6
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="347" rowspan="1">dark red-brown with reddish T1-T2 marginal zones</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="347" rowspan="1">Sicily, Mount Etna</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="347">
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="347" rowspan="1">
|
|
<taxonomicName family="Halictidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="S. walteri" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="347" rank="species" species="walteri">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="347">S. walteri</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
(Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Sphecodes walteri Nobile & Turrisi, 2004, holotype, male A head, frontal view B vertex, dorsal view C metasoma, dorsal view D T 1, dorsal view E genitalia, dorsal view F labels. Scale bars: 0.5 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.82.64130.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/537875" pageId="0" pageNumber="347">4</figureCitation>
|
|
)
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="347" rowspan="1">1.2</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="347" rowspan="1">
|
|
ca 10
|
|
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
|
|
/ 1-3
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="347" rowspan="1">
|
|
ca 10
|
|
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
|
|
/ 0.5-1
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="347" rowspan="1">
|
|
ca 5
|
|
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
|
|
/ 2-6
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="347" rowspan="1">dark brown with reddish T1-T3 marginal zones</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="347" rowspan="1">Sicily, Mount Etna</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="347">
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="347" rowspan="1">
|
|
<taxonomicName family="Halictidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="S. iosephi" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="347" rank="species" species="iosephi">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="347">S. iosephi</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
(Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Sphecodes iosephi Nobile & Turrisi, 2004, holotype, male A head, frontal view B vertex, dorsal view C metasoma, dorsal view D T 1, dorsal view E genitalia, dorsal view F labels. Scale bars: 0.5 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.82.64130.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/537876" pageId="0" pageNumber="347">5</figureCitation>
|
|
)
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="347" rowspan="1">1.2</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="347" rowspan="1">
|
|
10-15
|
|
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
|
|
/ confluent-1
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="347" rowspan="1">
|
|
10-15
|
|
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
|
|
/ less 0.5
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="347" rowspan="1">
|
|
ca 5
|
|
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
|
|
/ 2-6
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="347" rowspan="1">dark red-brown with reddish T1-T3 marginal zones</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="347" rowspan="1">Sicily, Mount Etna</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="347">
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="347" rowspan="1">
|
|
<taxonomicName family="Halictidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="S. tomarchioi" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="347" rank="species" species="tomarchioi">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="347">S. tomarchioi</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
(Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Sphecodes tomarchioi Nobile & Turrisi, 2004, holotype, male A head, frontal view B vertex, dorsal view C metasoma, dorsal view D T 1, dorsal view E genitalia, dorsal view F labels. Scale bars: 0.5 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.82.64130.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/537877" pageId="0" pageNumber="347">6</figureCitation>
|
|
)
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="347" rowspan="1">1.2</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="347" rowspan="1">
|
|
ca 10
|
|
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
|
|
/ 1-2
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="347" rowspan="1">
|
|
10-15
|
|
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
|
|
/ less 0.5
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="347" rowspan="1">
|
|
ca 5
|
|
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
|
|
/ 3-6
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="347" rowspan="1">dark brown with lighter T1-T3 marginal zones</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="347" rowspan="1">Sicily, Mount Etna</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</table>
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
</treatment>
|
|
</document> |