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<document id="E29CC54F03E7490AE2BEE1561F52029F" ID-CLB-Dataset="24022" ID-DOI="10.1080/00222933.2019.1655106" ID-GBIF-Dataset="c54a2573-abdd-42a7-aec3-4d657e4d8661" ID-ISSN="1464-5262" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3670114" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1581941080086" checkinUser="valdenar" docAuthor="O, Kyle A., Connell, Aryal, Prakash C., Sherchan, Adarsh M., Dhakal, Bimala, Chaudhary, Hemanta Kumari, Ranabhat, Rishi &amp; Karmacharya, Dibesh" docDate="2019" docId="31704740E73DFFA80C6372C1FE4BE54A" docLanguage="en" docName="JNATHIST.53.23–24.1421–1437.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Journal of Natural History 53 (23)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:485A7191CD41D6261F41521A3380DC73.9:JNatHist.2017-.journal_article.1cover" docStyleId="485A7191CD41D6261F41521A3380DC73" docStyleName="JNatHist.2017-.journal_article.1cover" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Hoplobatrachus tigerinus" docType="treatment" docVersion="11" lastPageNumber="1427" masterDocId="CD493F38E73AFFAF0E627655FF82E33E" masterDocTitle="A herpetological survey of the Kathmandu Valleyı Nepalı and phylogenetic identification of Megophrys (Xenophrys) zhangi" masterLastPageNumber="1437" masterPageNumber="1421" pageNumber="1427" updateTime="1698783541801" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="A287F9657E93FE90ADE4314A430BAFC4">A herpetological survey of the Kathmandu Valleyı Nepalı and phylogenetic identification of Megophrys (Xenophrys) zhangi</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="927988F9B893B82FAF2B52CBF4202F6A">O, Kyle A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="536D587961BD884A68BF7181B9081567">Sherchan, Adarsh M.</mods:namePart>
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<heading id="E22E413AE73DFFA80C6372C1FCA0E793" box="[513,802,1172,1197]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="1427" reason="5">
<taxonomicName id="7ED98DD5E73DFFA80C6372C1FCA0E793" ID-CoL="6MC5J" baseAuthorityName="Daudin" baseAuthorityYear="1802" box="[513,802,1172,1197]" class="Amphibia" family="Dicroglossidae" genus="Hoplobatrachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="1427" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tigerinus">
<emphasis id="8BAD2A44E73DFFA80C6372C1FCA0E793" box="[513,802,1172,1197]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="1427">Hoplobatrachus tigerinus</emphasis>
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<paragraph id="B966F656E73DFFA80F8172E2FCC2E7EE" blockId="7.[483,832,1172,1232]" box="[483,832,1206,1232]" pageId="7" pageNumber="1427">
<heading id="E22E413AE73DFFA80F8172E2FCC2E7EE" box="[483,832,1206,1232]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="1427" reason="5">
<figureCitation id="21E2EAD3E73DFFA80F8172E2FDD2E7EE" box="[483,592,1207,1232]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="2.[160,225,1557,1580]" captionTargetBox="[164,1152,691,1526]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[163,1153,690,1526]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Figure 1. Map showing distributions of species surveyed in the Kathmandu Valley: circles = amphibians, squares = reptiles. Colours are defined as follows, amphibians: dark blue = Duttaphrynus melanostictus, purple = Nanorana liebigii, yellow = Fejervarya syhadrensis, light green = Hoplobatrachus tigerinus, dark green = Euphlyctis cyanophylyctis, orange = Megophrys (Xenophrys) zhangi, red = Microhyla ornata. Reptiles: light purple = Calotes versicolor, light blue = Hemidactylus platyurus, dark blue = Hemidactylus frenatus, dark purple = Herpetoreas platyceps." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3670116" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3670116/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="1427">Figures 1</figureCitation>
and
<figureCitation id="21E2EAD3E73DFFA80CF272E2FD1CE7EE" box="[656,670,1207,1232]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="8.[160,225,998,1021]" captionTargetBox="[354,962,142,966]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[354,962,142,966]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figure 3. Additional amphibian species observed during this survey. (a) Hoplobatrachus tigerinus, (b) Hoplobatrachus tigerinus, (c) Euphlyctis cyanophylyctis, (d) male Megophrys zhangi, (e) female (left) and male (right) of Megophrys zhangi, (f) tadpole of Megophrys zhangi, (g) male Megophrys zhangi calling on artificial substrate near water feature, (h) Microhyla ornata." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3670120" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3670120/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="1427">3</figureCitation>
(a
<emphasis id="8BAD2A44E73DFFA80CD672E3FD40E7F1" box="[692,706,1206,1231]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="1427">–</emphasis>
b);
<tableCitation id="F45BC3EDE73DFFA80C8A72E2FCC2E7EE" box="[744,832,1207,1232]" captionStart="Table 2" captionStartId="4.[160,216,142,165]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Table 2. Counts and locality information for all species encountered during this survey of the Kathmandu Valley, Nepal." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/EDA6A6DEE73EFFAB0EC276DBFE20E3FC" pageId="7" pageNumber="1427" tableUuid="EDA6A6DEE73EFFAB0EC276DBFE20E3FC">Table 2</tableCitation>
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<paragraph id="B966F656E73DFFA80EC272B9FDFCE63A" blockId="7.[160,638,1259,1284]" box="[160,638,1259,1284]" pageId="7" pageNumber="1427">
<emphasis id="8BAD2A44E73DFFA80EC272B9FE07E63A" box="[160,389,1260,1284]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="1427">specimens examined</emphasis>
: CMDN-A 91
<emphasis id="8BAD2A44E73DFFA80C7A72BEFDA7E63D" box="[536,549,1259,1283]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="1427">–</emphasis>
96, 156.
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<paragraph id="B966F656E73DFFA80EC2734CFD31E66A" blockId="7.[160,1156,1305,1364]" pageId="7" pageNumber="1427">
<emphasis id="8BAD2A44E73DFFA80EC2734CFE65E60F" box="[160,487,1305,1329]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="1427">Distribution in the KTM Valley</emphasis>
: Encountered only in Lalitpur. Neither
<bibRefCitation id="DD488BA7E73DFFA80DC3734CFB06E60F" author="Pokhrel GK &amp; Aryal PC &amp; Shah KB &amp; Rjal B &amp; Suwal MK &amp; Kharel SC &amp; Paudel E &amp; Dhamala MK" box="[929,1156,1305,1329]" pageId="7" pageNumber="1427" pagination="358 - 365" refId="ref7688" refString="Pokhrel GK, Aryal PC, Shah KB, Rjal B, Suwal MK, Kharel SC, Paudel E, Dhamala MK. 2011. Herpetofaunal diversity of nagarjun forest. Nepal J Sci and Tech. 12: 358 - 365. doi: 10.3126 / njst. v 12 i 0.6524" type="journal article" year="2011">Pokhrel et al. (2011)</bibRefCitation>
or
<bibRefCitation id="DD488BA7E73DFFA80EA27369FE0AE66A" author="Aryal PC &amp; Kharel SC &amp; Bhurtel BP &amp; Paudel EN &amp; Dhamala MK &amp; Rijal B &amp; Thapa A" box="[192,392,1340,1364]" pageId="7" pageNumber="1427" pagination="1 - 3" refId="ref6442" refString="Aryal PC, Kharel SC, Bhurtel BP, Paudel EN, Dhamala MK, Rijal B, Thapa A. 2013. An amphibian survey in Kathmandu Valley. Nepal. Biodiv. Cons. Efforts Nepal. 3: 1 - 3." type="journal article" year="2013">Aryal et al. (2013)</bibRefCitation>
encountered this species.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B966F656E73DFFA80EC2733CFE4BE54A" blockId="7.[160,1156,1385,1652]" pageId="7" pageNumber="1427">
<emphasis id="8BAD2A44E73DFFA80EC2733CFF7EE6BF" box="[160,252,1385,1409]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="1427">Remarks</emphasis>
: We observed large numbers of this species on the edge of an urban area. We encountered a large adult calling in a shallow pool on the edge of a village road in the vicinity of
<taxonomicName id="7ED98DD5E73DFFA80F7A73FBFE01E6F8" authorityName="Tschudi" authorityYear="1838" box="[280,387,1454,1478]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Microhyla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="1427" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="8BAD2A44E73DFFA80F7A73FBFE01E6F8" box="[280,387,1454,1478]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="1427">Microhyla</emphasis>
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, which were also calling (
<figureCitation id="21E2EAD3E73DFFA80CCC73FBFC8EE6F8" box="[686,780,1454,1478]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="2.[160,225,1557,1580]" captionTargetBox="[164,1152,691,1526]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[163,1153,690,1526]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Figure 1. Map showing distributions of species surveyed in the Kathmandu Valley: circles = amphibians, squares = reptiles. Colours are defined as follows, amphibians: dark blue = Duttaphrynus melanostictus, purple = Nanorana liebigii, yellow = Fejervarya syhadrensis, light green = Hoplobatrachus tigerinus, dark green = Euphlyctis cyanophylyctis, orange = Megophrys (Xenophrys) zhangi, red = Microhyla ornata. Reptiles: light purple = Calotes versicolor, light blue = Hemidactylus platyurus, dark blue = Hemidactylus frenatus, dark purple = Herpetoreas platyceps." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3670116" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3670116/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="1427">Figure 1</figureCitation>
;
<figureCitation id="21E2EAD3E73DFFA80D7873FBFCFBE6F8" box="[794,889,1454,1478]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="8.[160,225,998,1021]" captionTargetBox="[354,962,142,966]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[354,962,142,966]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figure 3. Additional amphibian species observed during this survey. (a) Hoplobatrachus tigerinus, (b) Hoplobatrachus tigerinus, (c) Euphlyctis cyanophylyctis, (d) male Megophrys zhangi, (e) female (left) and male (right) of Megophrys zhangi, (f) tadpole of Megophrys zhangi, (g) male Megophrys zhangi calling on artificial substrate near water feature, (h) Microhyla ornata." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3670120" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3670120/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="1427">Figure 3</figureCitation>
(b)). When approached, the frog raised its posterior end in a defensive position, as has been previously reported for this species (
<bibRefCitation id="DD488BA7E73DFFA80F0F73A1FD86E532" author="Anders C" box="[365,516,1524,1548]" pageId="7" pageNumber="1427" pagination="133 - 340" refId="ref6394" refString="Anders C. 2002. Class Amphibia (amphibians). In: Schleich HH, Kastle W, editors. Amphibians and reptiles of Nepal. Ruggell: A. R. G. Gantner Verlag K. G.; p. 133 - 340." type="book chapter" year="2002">Anders 2002</bibRefCitation>
). We also observed large numbers of individuals in a wetland where males were calling (
<figureCitation id="21E2EAD3E73DFFA80C2C7043FD34E510" box="[590,694,1558,1582]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="8.[160,225,998,1021]" captionTargetBox="[354,962,142,966]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[354,962,142,966]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figure 3. Additional amphibian species observed during this survey. (a) Hoplobatrachus tigerinus, (b) Hoplobatrachus tigerinus, (c) Euphlyctis cyanophylyctis, (d) male Megophrys zhangi, (e) female (left) and male (right) of Megophrys zhangi, (f) tadpole of Megophrys zhangi, (g) male Megophrys zhangi calling on artificial substrate near water feature, (h) Microhyla ornata." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3670120" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3670120/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="1427">Figures 3</figureCitation>
(a) and 4(d)). Several juveniles were also present at this locality, which probably represents common breeding habitat for this species in the KTM Valley.
</paragraph>
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</treatment>
</document>
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