371 lines
43 KiB
XML
371 lines
43 KiB
XML
<document ID-CLB-Dataset="287679" ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/evolsyst.8.114527" ID-GBIF-Dataset="e13392ec-8851-40da-9403-4f2574646f10" ID-Pensoft-Pub="2535-0730-1-15" ID-Pensoft-UUID="9667B588C08053D1BC52E6807E89A599" ID-ZooBank="42D6D571379D4EB0BC8DB3134A4E0912" ModsDocID="2535-0730-8-1-15" checkinTime="1707483718867" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Arteaga, Alejandro, Pyron, R. Alexander, Batista, Abel, Vieira, Jose, Meneses Pelayo, Elson, Smith, Eric N., Barrio Amoros, Cesar L., Koch, Claudia, Agne, Stefanie, Valencia, Jorge H., Bustamante, Lucas & Harris, Kyle J." docDate="2024" docId="24ED3608421C5272A7D3AB96495B730F" docLanguage="en" docName="EvolutSyst 8(1): 15-64" docOrigin="Evolutionary Systematics 8 (1)" docPubDate="2024-02-08" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/evolsyst.8.114527" docTitle="Bothriechis rasikusumorum Arteaga & Pyron & Batista & Vieira & Meneses Pelayo & Smith & Barrio Amorós & Koch & Agne & Valencia & Bustamante & Harris 2024, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docUuid="AF46F519-7700-46C7-9E97-B2E30B56D77D" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="5" id="9667B588C08053D1BC52E6807E89A599" lastPageNumber="15" masterDocId="9667B588C08053D1BC52E6807E89A599" masterDocTitle="Systematic revision of the Eyelash Palm-Pitviper Bothriechis schlegelii (Serpentes, Viperidae), with the description of five new species and revalidation of three" masterLastPageNumber="64" masterPageNumber="15" pageNumber="15" updateTime="1732668639335" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="F51AF3D13E87ADEAA4511DBBF6C2E4B0">Systematic revision of the Eyelash Palm-Pitviper Bothriechis schlegelii (Serpentes, Viperidae), with the description of five new species and revalidation of three</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="95A9BB0011F9F5BB13C1099A4D0FE3B1">Arteaga, Alejandro</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="32B78F950138796B7E78F311CE9338A9">Khamai Foundation, Quito, Ecuador & Tropical Herping S. A., Quito, Ecuador</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="6FA2AA89793A48D105E13E7B8DDA35F9" type="email">af.arteaga.navarro@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="9A75CD95FBBDC0E70F77116103B72278">Pyron, R. Alexander</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="76D2C0531825980FB3F42F10B53C51E8" type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2524-1794</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation id="59D537F3E6610DA619D1A2F9F81F2E38">Department of Biological Sciences, The George Washington University, Washington DC, USA & Division of Amphibians & Reptiles, Department of Vertebrate Zoology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington DC, USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="8860A1D3EC60B0F7FA07FD1F5FBA5EFD">Batista, Abel</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="77B54DECCA81692A2DE69BE5A6C0DA64" type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8053-3373</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation id="8F58C1BDCF8F0A67D11B49CA5E61BA03">Universidad Autonoma de Chiriqui (UNACHI), Instituto Interdisciplinario de Investigacion e Innovacion, David, Panama & Fundacion Los Naturalistas, Boquete, Chiriqui, Panama & Sistema Nacional de Investigacion (SNI), SENACYT, Clayton Panama, Panama</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="94279109B8340254A6D8809F3E70C605">Vieira, Jose</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="7964148B3995D8915E8F7529E6A1F30D">Tropical Herping S. A., Quito, Ecuador & ExSitu, Quito, Ecuador</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="A24F905942E4A7431F8A4E8749BBD147">Meneses Pelayo, Elson</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="A594877DFC77147F3E69FEF1FE1C5FFD">Grupo de Estudios en Anfibios y Reptiles de Santander, Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga, Colombia</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="39F56FC9EEB83123C43606924232FA71">Smith, Eric N.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="9FE2269106565E2DCA42DB8C59E71E42">Grupo de Estudios en Biodiversidad, Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga, Colombia</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="AC0EA3AA163248EA6532C46629CEB2A2">Barrio Amoros, Cesar L.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="D388C2CAB9E0F00FB19C4CF3779DDFF3">Amphibian and Reptile Diversity Research Center, Department of Biology, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas, USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="8880792A8D0A61EFA1CC3C89F43296A1">Koch, Claudia</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="1496D5CED9135C49BDF148E50A0C2329" type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7115-2816</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation id="CA8058F9BFA721CDE0033BAEB45861C6">CRWild, Bahia Ballena, Uvita, Costa Rica</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="1ED4CCB027A0C0D8F6A0B91BF9E3755A">Agne, Stefanie</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="834E3304A3894CE4A3940CDB075823B8">Leibniz Institute for the Analysis of Biodiversity Change (LIB), Museum Koenig, Bonn, Germany</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="0C7CCBC0D3EFA2A2607CBA0CB782D62C">Valencia, Jorge H.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="EF48BF9FCBA76EABAD20FD92DDD22ED9">Evolutionary Adaptive Genomics, Department of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany & Red de Estudios Moleculares Avanzados, Instituto de Ecologia, Xalapa, Veracruz, Mexico</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="0CD5F9689CF89576EE0C7CC2B654678C">Bustamante, Lucas</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="E35B75B57D92817CD6ED7746E75CC04C">Tropical Herping S. A., Quito, Ecuador & Red de Biogeografia y Ecologia Espacial (BioGeo 2), Universidad Regional Amazonica Ikiam, Tena, Ecuador</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="EFE2C258DA87755C16E4D8C8CD46DAE2">Harris, Kyle J.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="7887C5449358B1EE4407CFE61F1B0463">Savia Fund, Quito, Ecuador</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title id="717E559404A13BCEF588EB48E34E75C0">Evolutionary Systematics</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="41415B1CFD62DE3469EC38980B31B370">2024</mods:date>
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<treatment id="24ED3608421C5272A7D3AB96495B730F" ID-GBIF-Taxon="221225647" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:AF46F519-7700-46C7-9E97-B2E30B56D77D" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/24ED3608421C5272A7D3AB96495B730F" lastPageNumber="15" pageId="0" pageNumber="15" scope_family="Viperidae">
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<subSubSection id="4F210B8FED25A90425F1F2D4320CF1FA" pageId="0" pageNumber="15" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="A864271BE57240DBD8391459559AFA7B" pageId="0" pageNumber="15">
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<taxonomicName id="55AE1A7BCF3DC63C686A0F513C3A8359" LSID="https://zoobank.org/AF46F519-7700-46C7-9E97-B2E30B56D77D" authority="Arteaga & Pyron & Batista & Vieira & Meneses Pelayo & Smith & Barrio Amorós & Koch & Agne & Valencia & Bustamante & Harris, 2024" authorityName="Arteaga & Pyron & Batista & Vieira & Meneses Pelayo & Smith & Barrio Amorós & Koch & Agne & Valencia & Bustamante & Harris" authorityYear="2024" family="Viperidae" genus="Bothriechis" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Bothriechis rasikusumorum" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="15" rank="species" species="rasikusumorum" status="sp. nov.">Bothriechis rasikusumorum</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="8212651FBF03B7FAEC5A78A967BCF041" pageId="0" pageNumber="15">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="AFF3FDD2C4AAA18BDC79F533C00E1B6E" pageId="0" pageNumber="15" type="description">
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<paragraph id="C4EBB83368AF6ED9C6B928F89D0069E7" pageId="0" pageNumber="15">
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<figureCitation id="6A8C6704D5BC899CC8F507A437CA4B1A" captionStart="Figure 22" captionStartId="F22" captionText="Figure 22. Adult male holotype of Bothriechis rasikusumorum sp. nov. CZUT-R 349 in a. Dorsal and b. Ventral view. Photos by Duvan Zambrano." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/981708" pageId="0" pageNumber="15">Figs 22</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation id="E0B3DD61FCDD7AA264F8CFB9A912389A" captionStart="Figure 23" captionStartId="F23" captionText="Figure 23. Photographs of living specimens of Bothriechis rasikusumorum sp. nov. from Huila department, Colombia. a. La Umbria; b. SUA 4659 Finca Miraflores. Photos by Jose Vieira and Duvan Zambrano." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/981709" pageId="0" pageNumber="15">, 23</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation id="E72F429DD1D3F92444D6AAD8C18310DB" captionStart="Figure 24" captionStartId="F24" captionText="Figure 24. Hemipenial architecture of Bothriechis rasikusumorum sp. nov. in sulcate, lateral, and asulcate views. ICN 11164 from Parque Nacional Cueva de Los Guacharos, Huila department, Colombia. Photos by Duvan Zambrano." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/981710" pageId="0" pageNumber="15">, 24</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="238E0C186A17E3F6F9818AE8F98AD54E" pageId="0" pageNumber="15" type="type material">
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<paragraph id="A3513E555903702777949B3063BD4FD4" pageId="0" pageNumber="15">Type material.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="B87BA709D5613712F11268CBB50A4CB5" pageId="0" pageNumber="15">
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<emphasis id="52BA28EE427CF02C4B3F394B531764E6" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="15">Holotype</emphasis>
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: CZUT-R 349 (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="C36103787418D5296E3064B9082A2DFF" captionStart="Figure 22" captionStartId="F22" captionText="Figure 22. Adult male holotype of Bothriechis rasikusumorum sp. nov. CZUT-R 349 in a. Dorsal and b. Ventral view. Photos by Duvan Zambrano." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/981708" pageId="0" pageNumber="15">22</figureCitation>
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), adult male collected by Hugo
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||
<normalizedToken id="FA73FC9740929585A25152A2231E6104" originalValue="Hernández">Hernandez</normalizedToken>
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at Vereda El Regenero, Huila department, Colombia (
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<geoCoordinate id="6C0F227DAB5386F06DD50560F582FF2F" degrees="1.82023" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="1.82023">1.82023</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="9D8781345AC4605204D2BDA42923C72D" degrees="75.99867" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-75.99867">-75.99867</geoCoordinate>
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; 1616 m).
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||
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="23D86D2FBED65FE69FC15E51DD3D0FC7" pageId="0" pageNumber="15">
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<emphasis id="75A5AC12BC45E20CADC64B751B6BBC81" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="15">Paratypes</emphasis>
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: All labeled
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<taxonomicName id="30567D9CA947000E11C0691A3FC72233" authorityName="Arteaga & Pyron & Batista & Vieira & Meneses Pelayo & Smith & Barrio Amorós & Koch & Agne & Valencia & Bustamante & Harris" authorityYear="2024" family="Viperidae" genus="Bothriechis" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Bothriechis rasikusumorum" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="15" rank="species" species="rasikusumorum">
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<emphasis id="C19C53156FE4C6D3EB73E3813443D7D3" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="15">Bothriechis rasikusumorum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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sp. nov. in Suppl. material 1.
|
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="F91622DB31030123D987D5A399390153" pageId="0" pageNumber="15" type="proposed standard english name">
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<paragraph id="C02AC3E65518D836917C2BB6E90279BA" pageId="0" pageNumber="15">Proposed standard English name.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="B27D579DD9A8C1F4DA25ED83D019F8C3" pageId="0" pageNumber="15">
|
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<normalizedToken id="892604AC24FF69DA95B513167EBF233D" originalValue="Shah’s">Shah's</normalizedToken>
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Eyelash-Pitviper.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="99AD99E17268D16E1E04052127C123AB" pageId="0" pageNumber="15" type="proposed standard spanish name">
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<paragraph id="3E432BAD05E2045EBFF6B78187FB0AFD" pageId="0" pageNumber="15">Proposed standard Spanish name.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="71F5BC91D3C857AC9AB4EE09E62F2D53" pageId="0" pageNumber="15">
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<normalizedToken id="4656F11B858B10E8ADC5064C53B0CBCB" originalValue="Víbora">Vibora</normalizedToken>
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de
|
||
<normalizedToken id="25444E1642EA9BBC87BDCE3891A045A0" originalValue="pestañas">pestanas</normalizedToken>
|
||
de los Shah.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="5E35D1DC342AB5387C34C01B14814699" pageId="0" pageNumber="15" type="local spanish name">
|
||
<paragraph id="C6B94D1D9A39872146C79DA5A3871099" pageId="0" pageNumber="15">Local Spanish name.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="6611ACD1854D57F4FC0FA9476C4F28CE" pageId="0" pageNumber="15">Culebra de tiro.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="8887C34DD358AA67984365CA14EE06E1" pageId="0" pageNumber="15" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="8FBF4950780B1E864E4ED7CD35FF4E3B" pageId="0" pageNumber="15">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="17F242CCF43F0D8967B4A1FB63CFCC91" pageId="0" pageNumber="15">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="215D144E0DA5CAEEC0CA3379F5B689C3" authorityName="Arteaga & Pyron & Batista & Vieira & Meneses Pelayo & Smith & Barrio Amorós & Koch & Agne & Valencia & Bustamante & Harris" authorityYear="2024" family="Viperidae" genus="Bothriechis" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Bothriechis rasikusumorum" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="15" rank="species" species="rasikusumorum">
|
||
<emphasis id="0DABA5C4097B00B5C5646F37421F2663" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="15">Bothriechis rasikusumorum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. is diagnosed based on the following combination of characters: (1) supraciliary scales low and granular, or two pointy but not raised; (2) anterior dorsal head scales smooth; (3) gular scales similar in size to chinshields; (4) 5-10 interoculolabials; (5) 2-3 canthals which may be flat or slightly raised forming a ridge along the canthus; (6) loreal not in contact with preocular; (7) yellow morph absent; (8) dorsal bands dark brown or black; (9) opposing kidney shaped dorsal marks absent; (10) black speckles on dorsal scales present; (11) black speckling on ventral surfaces prominent posteriorly; (12) ventral surfaces never entirely white; (13) iris light green, yellow, or reddish brown with black reticulations; (14) 21-23 dorsal scale rows at mid-body; (15) 144-152 ventrals in males, 152-153 in females; (16) maximum total length in males 650 mm, in females 799 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="13B0C3530021C47AB929D65F94A4FB41" pageId="0" pageNumber="15" type="comparisons">
|
||
<paragraph id="D42782A9C8B4D145EC4B645B9F420658" pageId="0" pageNumber="15">Comparisons.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="FA74FC61B160613B80F2928701F4CEAB" pageId="0" pageNumber="15">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="DA7DE1B9AB848ACEBE99FE55FE9B4C1E" authorityName="Arteaga & Pyron & Batista & Vieira & Meneses Pelayo & Smith & Barrio Amorós & Koch & Agne & Valencia & Bustamante & Harris" authorityYear="2024" family="Viperidae" genus="Bothriechis" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Bothriechis rasikusumorum" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="15" rank="species" species="rasikusumorum">
|
||
<emphasis id="CC99A59540F3DAAE03D9BB112EAF4BC0" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="15">Bothriechis rasikusumorum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. is compared to other species of the genus previously subsumed under
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D36BA3B3D48A5A9BC45307F5AB79592E" lsidName="B. schlegelii" pageId="0" pageNumber="15" rank="species" species="schlegelii">
|
||
<emphasis id="7F2EAB6291382C789F0AFAD8D78C4C34" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="15">B. schlegelii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="F74105BB338596E5219CB4758C5A9140" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="15">sensu lato</emphasis>
|
||
(differences summarized in Table
|
||
<tableCitation id="D3119EA0EDCC74D2D6C3A9145998D96B" captionStart="Table 2" captionStartId="T2" captionText="Table 2. Differences in coloration, scale counts, hemipenial architecture, size, and median lethal dose (LD 50), between members of the Bothriechis schlegelii species complex. The range of each continuous variable is from our own sample (Suppl. material 1), Kuch and Freire (1995), and Solorzano et al. (1998)." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/4C8B465DA02061B16CBCD59564B9E214" pageId="0" pageNumber="15" tableUuid="4C8B465DA02061B16CBCD59564B9E214">2</tableCitation>
|
||
). It differs from most of them by having supraciliaries not raised, a low number of canthals (2-3), a low number of ventral scales, and dorsal and ventral surfaces heavily speckled with black pigment (Figs
|
||
<figureCitation id="2FA9552153CF16C127E463FB9654838C" captionStart="Figure 22" captionStartId="F22" captionText="Figure 22. Adult male holotype of Bothriechis rasikusumorum sp. nov. CZUT-R 349 in a. Dorsal and b. Ventral view. Photos by Duvan Zambrano." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/981708" pageId="0" pageNumber="15">22</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="6460AC3D54ABAA28BFAB1156ADBB7CE1" captionStart="Figure 23" captionStartId="F23" captionText="Figure 23. Photographs of living specimens of Bothriechis rasikusumorum sp. nov. from Huila department, Colombia. a. La Umbria; b. SUA 4659 Finca Miraflores. Photos by Jose Vieira and Duvan Zambrano." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/981709" pageId="0" pageNumber="15">23a</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="AE889B9527AB0C130F7D253E5D6C42DF" authorityName="Arteaga & Pyron & Batista & Vieira & Meneses Pelayo & Smith & Barrio Amorós & Koch & Agne & Valencia & Bustamante & Harris" authorityYear="2024" family="Viperidae" genus="Bothriechis" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Bothriechis rasikusumorum" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="15" rank="species" species="rasikusumorum">
|
||
<emphasis id="073EA7F823664E4F70BB189E9E5BA55F" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="15">Bothriechis rasikusumorum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. resembles
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A1AC6D7CF55C195CDDA32B6F25B8FFF1" lsidName="B. klebbai" pageId="0" pageNumber="15" rank="species" species="klebbai">
|
||
<emphasis id="E4EC38C52466E283C5AE13957CFBE0D9" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="15">B. klebbai</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov., but this other species occurs on the northern portion of
|
||
<normalizedToken id="DEAE94E710C51F7511ECE5D1FE7285A7" originalValue="Colombia’s">Colombia's</normalizedToken>
|
||
Cordillera Oriental and is characterized by having less than 152 ventrals in females, a rich reddish-brown iris, a series of paired oblong blotches on each side of the dorsum, and no basal hooks on the hemipenial body (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="7A6F5BFF0FD90D37CCFD1A9FCEBF74D2" captionStart="Figure 21" captionStartId="F21" captionText="Figure 21. Hemipenial architecture of Bothriechis klebbai sp. nov. in sulcate, lateral, and asulcate views. a. ICN 2786 and b. ICN 2855 from Virolin, municipio de Charala, Santander department, Colombia; c. UIS-R 4803 from vereda Naranjal, municipio de Coromoro, Santander department, Colombia. Photos by Duvan Zambrano and Elson Meneses Pelayo." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/981707" pageId="0" pageNumber="15">21</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FA9B1654077C596A88E91519329D9BEC" authorityName="Arteaga & Pyron & Batista & Vieira & Meneses Pelayo & Smith & Barrio Amorós & Koch & Agne & Valencia & Bustamante & Harris" authorityYear="2024" family="Viperidae" genus="Bothriechis" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Bothriechis rasikusumorum" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="15" rank="species" species="rasikusumorum">
|
||
<emphasis id="FE5CDC2D82FFCDAF274718CFC0B811A8" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="15">Bothriechis rasikusumorum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. is also similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="69202596DF78C764FB20C5AB66AE791E" lsidName="B. schlegelii" pageId="0" pageNumber="15" rank="species" species="schlegelii">
|
||
<emphasis id="A4C124849CB220BDC3CC2069E25B9EFC" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="15">B. schlegelii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but this other species occurs northwest of the known distribution of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FCF7EE782EB8A0610059EE7BE2B49221" lsidName="B. rasikusumorum" pageId="0" pageNumber="15" rank="species" species="rasikusumorum">
|
||
<emphasis id="C48A8D81869BFC91CF46D7E6EB72F11F" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="15">B. rasikusumorum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. and is characterized by lacking black speckles on the dorsal and ventral scales in most populations (Figs
|
||
<figureCitation id="6732925D4605863756E2A94971DF5CC2" captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="F12" captionText="Figure 12. Photographs of some specimens of Bothriechis schlegelii from Antioquia department, Colombia, in life. a, c, f. From the live collection at INSV-SR, Serpentario Nacional de Colombia; b, d, e, g. from the live collection at SUA, Serpentario de la Universidad de Antioquia. Photos by Jose Vieira." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/981698" pageId="0" pageNumber="15">12</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="D067C8BC2C25B5DFA79301AD95F0BCB1" captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="F13" captionText="Figure 13. Photographs of some specimens of Bothriechis schlegelii in life. a. Adult from Planes de San Rafael, Risaralda department, Colombia; b-f. Adults from Popayan, Cauca department, Colombia, photographed at the Serpentario de la Universidad del Cauca. Photos by Jose Vieira and Amanda Quezada." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/981699" pageId="0" pageNumber="15">13</figureCitation>
|
||
), having two triangular and moderately raised supraciliary scales, and basal hooks that are 3-10X the size of adjacent spines at the base of the hemipenial body (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="750C119265C96AAD2655DA16179F8DF2" captionStart="Figure 14" captionStartId="F14" captionText="Figure 14. Hemipenial architecture of Bothriechis schlegelii in sulcate, lateral, and asulcate views. a. IAVH-R 6055 from Reserva Tesorito, Valle del Cauca department, Colombia; b. IAVH-R 6598 from Popayan, Cauca department, Colombia; c. IAVH-R 5465 from Fresno, Tolima department, Colombia. Photos by Duvan Zambrano." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/981700" pageId="0" pageNumber="15">14</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="434221A7DB6A036CDE40A9A5C9CC9866" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/981708" pageId="0" pageNumber="15" start="Figure 22" startId="F22">
|
||
<paragraph id="1E90974075E3001AA1482B1668E7646C" pageId="0" pageNumber="15">
|
||
<emphasis id="41FCA588450926FE788104EB9F5A29F2" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="15">Figure 22.</emphasis>
|
||
Adult male holotype of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="00719562D21AADB9931B2E68D4BB247A" authorityName="Arteaga & Pyron & Batista & Vieira & Meneses Pelayo & Smith & Barrio Amorós & Koch & Agne & Valencia & Bustamante & Harris" authorityYear="2024" family="Viperidae" genus="Bothriechis" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Bothriechis rasikusumorum" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="15" rank="species" species="rasikusumorum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B4F2AE60EEE8CCD5D3B7A53E26F40760" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="15">Bothriechis rasikusumorum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. CZUT-R 349 in
|
||
<emphasis id="60C9F7EAFE5307A9A2BA248573DEDF6C" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="15">a.</emphasis>
|
||
Dorsal and
|
||
<emphasis id="C8FD7F93DE8C68D19404236A52CE7DED" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="15">b.</emphasis>
|
||
Ventral view. Photos by
|
||
<normalizedToken id="F4D842DE11CB031C28ECF88353476628" originalValue="Duván">Duvan</normalizedToken>
|
||
Zambrano.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="0728CF62030FED333EB22EC876E83657" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/981709" pageId="0" pageNumber="15" start="Figure 23" startId="F23">
|
||
<paragraph id="D584E80A656F3FC85A6EAE5134564364" pageId="0" pageNumber="15">
|
||
<emphasis id="4E0C01F56F1F84AD89C8B1EAE80004E9" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="15">Figure 23.</emphasis>
|
||
Photographs of living specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C5599AD37B9ED6C1354646B087650754" authorityName="Arteaga & Pyron & Batista & Vieira & Meneses Pelayo & Smith & Barrio Amorós & Koch & Agne & Valencia & Bustamante & Harris" authorityYear="2024" family="Viperidae" genus="Bothriechis" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Bothriechis rasikusumorum" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="15" rank="species" species="rasikusumorum">
|
||
<emphasis id="A1155DCD2421A7DE92F65BD499CE08F4" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="15">Bothriechis rasikusumorum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. from Huila department, Colombia.
|
||
<emphasis id="B208F80714201291EF36D232031162EB" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="15">a.</emphasis>
|
||
La
|
||
<normalizedToken id="D4A7BE0549D453B6593B1E51AD18DE58" originalValue="Umbría">Umbria</normalizedToken>
|
||
;
|
||
<emphasis id="075FE0A1B6082740D5B9A699463BEC07" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="15">b.</emphasis>
|
||
SUA 4659 Finca Miraflores. Photos by Jose Vieira and
|
||
<normalizedToken id="9EEC9EB7981E1C44828AAB4DD2078458" originalValue="Duván">Duvan</normalizedToken>
|
||
Zambrano.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="F690395B898B422B97FB123B599EC9F5" pageId="0" pageNumber="15" type="hemipenial morphology">
|
||
<paragraph id="B31B980D715297E1866C123E81CCAF31" pageId="0" pageNumber="15">Hemipenial morphology.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="6790BD122EFEB5379878645C0C88EE61" pageId="0" pageNumber="15">
|
||
(n = 1; Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="0F3A7A34572C06578B799E61A94D864E" captionStart="Figure 24" captionStartId="F24" captionText="Figure 24. Hemipenial architecture of Bothriechis rasikusumorum sp. nov. in sulcate, lateral, and asulcate views. ICN 11164 from Parque Nacional Cueva de Los Guacharos, Huila department, Colombia. Photos by Duvan Zambrano." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/981710" pageId="0" pageNumber="15">24</figureCitation>
|
||
) Everted and inflated, the organ is deeply bilobed, calyculate and noncapitate; hemipenial lobes cylindrical, narrower towards the capitulum; in sulcate and asulcate views, lobe crotch ornamented with densely packed small spines that become larger distally; sulcus spermaticus centrolineal, bifurcate and with walls strongly defined, bifurcation occurs below bilobation point and proximal to the base of the hemipenial body; sulcus spermaticus branch runs to lobe tips; distal half of each hemipenal lobe densely ornamented with small calyces with strongly defined spinulate edges. In sulcate view, hemipenial body surface with small spinules medially, but with a pair of enlarged and strongly calcified lateral spines (basal hooks) followed by 4-5 rows of smaller obliquely-arranged mesial spines that become gradually smaller towards each
|
||
<normalizedToken id="8B7FFE675BEE0A8BA4689E7A00E40736" originalValue="lobe’s">lobe's</normalizedToken>
|
||
capitulum; each hemipenial lobe ornamented with mesial and lateral spines about half the size of the basal hook; the spines in each lobe are replaced distally by calyces with strongly spinulate edges. In lateral view, hemipenial body and lobes with rows of spines, but otherwise non-spiculate; distal half of lobes strongly calyculate. In asulcate view, the center of hemipenial body covered with scattered spinules; hemipenial lobes ornamented with 3 rows of spines.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="3284BADEEDBD5320404319068A2C8CB6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/981710" pageId="0" pageNumber="15" start="Figure 24" startId="F24">
|
||
<paragraph id="C6111B4AF22F530A8275F2DE74222E96" pageId="0" pageNumber="15">
|
||
<emphasis id="DADD1E70FC313124E803D2F4BBB36023" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="15">Figure 24.</emphasis>
|
||
Hemipenial architecture of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="471C25831B9C918DA563D47F37DF9861" authorityName="Arteaga & Pyron & Batista & Vieira & Meneses Pelayo & Smith & Barrio Amorós & Koch & Agne & Valencia & Bustamante & Harris" authorityYear="2024" family="Viperidae" genus="Bothriechis" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Bothriechis rasikusumorum" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="15" rank="species" species="rasikusumorum">
|
||
<emphasis id="EE2CCF39BE28ACC309FEFACDF381C385" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="15">Bothriechis rasikusumorum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. in sulcate, lateral, and asulcate views. ICN 11164 from Parque Nacional Cueva de Los
|
||
<normalizedToken id="C5D45D3D1E431CD6AE2B81397C8DB5B0" originalValue="Guácharos">Guacharos</normalizedToken>
|
||
, Huila department, Colombia. Photos by
|
||
<normalizedToken id="191C895A9B42B021C635B5CEC92235C9" originalValue="Duván">Duvan</normalizedToken>
|
||
Zambrano.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="254EC06C37C9E792DCE41EC902613ADC" pageId="0" pageNumber="15" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="745CC8BD24A299C63F3618DF9E5F5764" pageId="0" pageNumber="15">Description of holotype.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8485EACBDD97D6178BFE9AA3D03B21C9" pageId="0" pageNumber="15">
|
||
An adult male, SVL 536 mm, tail length 114 mm (21.3% SVL); head length 30.2 mm (5.6% SVL) from tip of snout to angle of jaw; head width 24.2 mm (80.1% head length) taken at broadest point; rostral broader than high (4.2
|
||
<normalizedToken id="C031B3E74E9B094E1F01C8AC9D3B487C" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
2.3 mm); nasal not entirely divided; incomplete suture between nasal and first supralabial; loreal about 1/3 size of pit, contacting postnasal, 1 canthal, 1 suprafoveal, 2 prefoveals, lacunolabial, and preocular; prefoveals 5/4; subfoveals 2/2; postfoveals 0; prelacunal fused with second supralabial on the right side; sublacunals 2/2 (one of which is small and granular); supralacunal elongated and in contact with orbit; preoculars 1/1 (2/2 if supralacunal is considered a preocular); suboculars 1/1; postoculars 1/1; loreal pit large, directed anteriorly, located slightly below line drawn from center of eye to naris; supralabials 8/8 (including lacunolabial); infralabials 11/11, first pair barely fail to meet posteriorly due to stretched skin; mental broader than long (4.2
|
||
<normalizedToken id="33C4893E36165F511A905582DD99D40F" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
2.3 mm); 1 pair of chinshields; 5 pairs of gulars between chinshields and preventrals; preventrals 1; anterior internasals 2; canthals 3/2; supraciliary scales low and granular with the exception of a pair of raised and triangular scales; supraoculars B-shaped, 2.5
|
||
<normalizedToken id="DFA0B2D2D5EB7F832F1A765195FA76D7" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
longer than wide; intersupraoculars 5; anterior dorsal head scales smooth; posterior head scales barely keeled; interrictals 27; dorsal scale rows 23/23/19; ventrals 147; cloacal plate entire; 56 undivided subcaudals; tail prehensile.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="63B2E3C9746030C114B715B73F8D4E2F" pageId="0" pageNumber="15" type="natural history">
|
||
<paragraph id="C0D78EADC09DE5D1B54E0224DF4CEB9D" pageId="0" pageNumber="15">Natural history.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="1CCEC5E2190270BB882B091860739761" pageId="0" pageNumber="15">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0FD8D8F075B169F3747D9A558D7EFAA2" authorityName="Arteaga & Pyron & Batista & Vieira & Meneses Pelayo & Smith & Barrio Amorós & Koch & Agne & Valencia & Bustamante & Harris" authorityYear="2024" family="Viperidae" genus="Bothriechis" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Bothriechis rasikusumorum" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="15" rank="species" species="rasikusumorum">
|
||
<emphasis id="C69B5EAEA4E62C9167C0A404133558BF" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="15">Bothriechis rasikusumorum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. is an arboreal snake that inhabits montane cloud forests and coffee plantations (Erik Gaitan, pers. comm.). Vipers of this species have been seen at night or during the day, either on leaf-litter or on low understory vegetation less than 2 m above the ground.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="F60750EA89E6378BC4E53BE7770F9C43" pageId="0" pageNumber="15" type="venom">
|
||
<paragraph id="9C0277787CA133474109BE3B608BA2C9" pageId="0" pageNumber="15">Venom.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="B018A42A844CEFBFB62889FA721C6FD1" pageId="0" pageNumber="15">We know of no snakebites caused by this species in Colombia nor any studies on the venom that could be assigned to this species.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="28FDF7BC385FEC13C610E11B1EC5E028" pageId="0" pageNumber="15" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="6419569E9A29E42127FEB690CF881ABD" pageId="0" pageNumber="15">Distribution.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="64AB9F264BFC8467E77F9719F324E13A" pageId="0" pageNumber="15">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9BF39872CE63DD683F0E61A0081EAAE5" authorityName="Arteaga & Pyron & Batista & Vieira & Meneses Pelayo & Smith & Barrio Amorós & Koch & Agne & Valencia & Bustamante & Harris" authorityYear="2024" family="Viperidae" genus="Bothriechis" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Bothriechis rasikusumorum" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="15" rank="species" species="rasikusumorum">
|
||
<emphasis id="C72193C927AD147292F581093EAFF102" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="15">Bothriechis rasikusumorum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. is known from at least 26 localities (listed in Suppl. material 3) along the upper watershed of the
|
||
<normalizedToken id="3DF7A2A0AAB06079BA297FEBC60A9377" originalValue="Río">Rio</normalizedToken>
|
||
Magdalena in Huila department, Colombia. The species occurs over an area of approximately 6,578 km2 along the eastern slope of Cordillera Central and on both slopes of Cordillera Oriental at elevations 1,298-2,180 m above sea level (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="FEB6126FC67114F467C19D11300C7EAD" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Distribution of species of Bothriechis previously subsumed under B. schlegelii sensu lato. Each colored area is a geographic representation of the suitable environmental conditions for one of the clades recovered in the phylogeny of Fig. 2. Lime green shade in southeastern Panama represents overlap between between B. nigroadspersus and B. torvus." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/981689" pageId="0" pageNumber="15">3</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="8A943ECB0173142EED899A689926D098" pageId="0" pageNumber="15" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="BC27265D5DAB0DB37E6ACD757A85E16E" pageId="0" pageNumber="15">Etymology.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="65E165EBE48712B2C1A64C2151C2EACE" pageId="0" pageNumber="15">The specific epithet rasikusumorum is a patronym honoring Rasik Shah (1939-2022), Kusum Shah (1942-present), and their grandson Oscar Shah. The Shah family helped fund the expedition that led to the discovery of this new species.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="AE7DAB3B1DFE8E38D5127A34CFB02E01" pageId="0" pageNumber="15" type="conservation status">
|
||
<paragraph id="DB2810FAC3C26ECF98206BF15BD1E9AE" pageId="0" pageNumber="15">Conservation status.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="87BFC5EE53B7F982E9A07F22D3CBDD16" pageId="0" pageNumber="15">
|
||
We consider
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59C46D0DECE3322D3E3F8ACF4F16E305" authorityName="Arteaga & Pyron & Batista & Vieira & Meneses Pelayo & Smith & Barrio Amorós & Koch & Agne & Valencia & Bustamante & Harris" authorityYear="2024" family="Viperidae" genus="Bothriechis" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Bothriechis rasikusumorum" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="15" rank="species" species="rasikusumorum">
|
||
<emphasis id="66DE4300A634046A8BFECDC3228E8FAB" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="15">Bothriechis rasikusumorum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. to be included in the Vulnerable category following the IUCN criteria B1a, b (i, iii, iv) (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="443D21E671E594DAD8CCE340F352B55D" author="Hurtado-Gomez, JP" journalOrPublisher="BSc thesis, Universidad de Antioquia" pageId="0" pageNumber="15" refId="B48" refString="IUCN (2012) IUCN Red List categories and criteria: Version 3.1. Second edition.IUCN Species Survival Commission, Gland and Cambridge, 32 pp." year="2009">IUCN 2012</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), because the
|
||
<normalizedToken id="F602E95C1CFC5B19B17E04B3059D1EDF" originalValue="species’">species'</normalizedToken>
|
||
extent of occurrence is estimated to be much less than 20,000 km2 (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="C9C6649F4BF3E06205D5D93B1FEE09E4" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Distribution of species of Bothriechis previously subsumed under B. schlegelii sensu lato. Each colored area is a geographic representation of the suitable environmental conditions for one of the clades recovered in the phylogeny of Fig. 2. Lime green shade in southeastern Panama represents overlap between between B. nigroadspersus and B. torvus." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/981689" pageId="0" pageNumber="15">3</figureCitation>
|
||
) and its habitat is severely fragmented and declining in extent and quality due to deforestation. Although
|
||
<taxonomicName id="43EAFE2F28735C9AFD1CE54D9617926C" lsidName="B. rasikusumorum" pageId="0" pageNumber="15" rank="species" species="rasikusumorum">
|
||
<emphasis id="FFAFAD91E782CA4AE9A1333AB32285FA" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="15">B. rasikusumorum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. occurs in three protected areas (Parque Nacional Cueva de los
|
||
<normalizedToken id="4172A199BAF64CC6EB5EB38177AE7796" originalValue="Guácharos">Guacharos</normalizedToken>
|
||
, Bosque Protector Pompeya, and Reverva Chiyurco), most localities where the species has been recorded (Suppl. material 1) are in forest patches surrounded by a matrix of pastures and plantations. Based on the species distribution model presented in Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="EF20FF5362E3D1B7F83143E39748FEF0" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Distribution of species of Bothriechis previously subsumed under B. schlegelii sensu lato. Each colored area is a geographic representation of the suitable environmental conditions for one of the clades recovered in the phylogeny of Fig. 2. Lime green shade in southeastern Panama represents overlap between between B. nigroadspersus and B. torvus." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/981689" pageId="0" pageNumber="15">3</figureCitation>
|
||
in combination with maps of vegetation cover of Colombia (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="825C59463E2C4449AD4314CD09D55C19" author="Hurtado-Gomez, JP" journalOrPublisher="BSc thesis, Universidad de Antioquia" pageId="0" pageNumber="15" refId="B47" refString="IDEAM (2014) Mapa de cobertura de la tierra adaptada para Colombia." year="2009">IDEAM 2014</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), we estimate that nearly 71% of the forest cover throughout the
|
||
<normalizedToken id="0A74AB98F48898E38A32ADEC3FC23520" originalValue="species’">species'</normalizedToken>
|
||
potential distribution area has been destroyed, mostly due to the expansion of the agricultural frontier. One of us (JV) interviewed coffee plantation workers in Huila, who report that they routinely kill these vipers when found. During a 10-night expedition to Huila department, a group of three field biologists led by JV failed to find a single specimen in four of the localities where the species has been reported nearby the city Pitalito.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |