treatments-xml/data/1F/3A/CA/1F3ACA15502859AD90E9A54FCA820C88.xml

<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.66.8457" ID-PMC="PMC4957028" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2003-66-1" ID-Pensoft-UUID="704E9F435B62FFD93345FFD55178FFE6" ID-PubMed="27489494" ID-Zenodo-Dep="128816" ModsDocID="1314-2003-66-1" checkinTime="1468449185517" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Knapp, Sandra &amp; Vorontsova, Maria S." docDate="2016" docId="1F3ACA15502859AD90E9A54FCA820C88" docLanguage="en" docName="PhytoKeys 66: 1-142" docOrigin="PhytoKeys 66" docPubDate="2016-07-13" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.66.8457" docTitle="Solanum ivohibe D’Arcy &amp; Rakot., Fl. Madag., Fam. 176: 97. 1994." docType="treatment" docVersion="3" id="704E9F435B62FFD93345FFD55178FFE6" lastPageNumber="47" masterDocId="704E9F435B62FFD93345FFD55178FFE6" masterDocTitle="A revision of the &quot; African Non-Spiny &quot; Clade of Solanum L. (Solanum sections Afrosolanum Bitter, Benderianum Bitter, Lemurisolanum Bitter, Lyciosolanum Bitter, Macronesiotes Bitter, and Quadrangulare Bitter: Solanaceae)" masterLastPageNumber="142" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="43" updateTime="1668141734746" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>A revision of the &quot; African Non-Spiny &quot; Clade of Solanum L. (Solanum sections Afrosolanum Bitter, Benderianum Bitter, Lemurisolanum Bitter, Lyciosolanum Bitter, Macronesiotes Bitter, and Quadrangulare Bitter: Solanaceae)</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Knapp, Sandra</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Department of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW 7 5 BD, United Kingdom</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">s.knapp@nhm.ac.uk</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Vorontsova, Maria S.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Comparative Plant and Fungal Biology, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey TW 7 3 AB, United Kingdom</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>PhytoKeys</mods:title>
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<mods:part>
<mods:date>2016</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="pubDate">
<mods:number>2016-07-13</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>66</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent unit="page">
<mods:start>1</mods:start>
<mods:end>142</mods:end>
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<mods:location>
<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.66.8457</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.66.8457</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1314-2003-66-1</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">704E9F435B62FFD93345FFD55178FFE6</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">128816</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="182226983" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:1F3ACA15502859AD90E9A54FCA820C88" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/1F3ACA15502859AD90E9A54FCA820C88" lastPageId="46" lastPageNumber="47" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
<subSubSection pageId="42" pageNumber="43" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
<taxonomicName LSID="1F3ACA15-5028-59AD-90E9-A54FCA820C88" authority="D'Arcy &amp; Rakot., Fl. Madag., Fam. 176: 97. 1994." authorityName="D’Arcy &amp; Rakot., Fl. Madag., Fam. 176: 97. 1994." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum ivohibe" order="Solanales" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ivohibe">
<pageBreakToken pageId="42" pageNumber="43" start="start">Solanum</pageBreakToken>
ivohibe 
<normalizedToken originalValue="D’Arcy">D'Arcy</normalizedToken>
&amp; Rakot., Fl. Madag., Fam. 176: 97. 1994.
</taxonomicName>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="F13" captionText="Figure 13. Solanum ivohibe D'Arcy &amp; Rakot. A Flowering branch B Tufts of trichomes in vein axils on leaf undersides (domatia) (based on Humbert 13429). Adapted from D'Arcy and Rakotozafy (1994) with permission of Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.66.8457.figure13" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/95586" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Figure 13</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="43" pageNumber="44" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph pageId="43" pageNumber="44">
<pageBreakToken pageId="43" pageNumber="44" start="start">
<typeStatus>Type</typeStatus>
</pageBreakToken>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="43" pageNumber="44">
<materialsCitation collectingDate="1951-11-28" country="Madagascar" county="Razafinarakoto" location="Ivohibe" municipality="Antambohobe" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Fianarantsoa" typeStatus="lectotype">
<collectingCountry name="Madagascar">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
. 
<collectingRegion country="Madagascar" name="Fianarantsoa">Fianarantsoa</collectingRegion>
: 
<collectingCounty>Razafinarakoto</collectingCounty>
, 
<collectingMunicipality>Antambohobe</collectingMunicipality>
, 
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:1F3ACA15502859AD90E9A54FCA820C88:11BCC264F70EA1A13559F7D90870212A" country="Madagascar" county="Razafinarakoto" municipality="Antambohobe" name="Ivohibe" stateProvince="Fianarantsoa">Ivohibe</location>
, 
<collectingDate value="1951-11-28">28 Nov 1951</collectingDate>
, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Reserves Naturelles 3516</emphasis>
(
<typeStatus>lectotype</typeStatus>
, designated here: P [P00349043]; isolectotypes: P [P00349042], TAN)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="43" pageNumber="44" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Straggling shrub or occasionally a liana, ca. 2.5 m tall. Stems long and flexuous, ridged, glabrous except youngest stems unevenly pubescent; trichomes densely dendritic to echinoid, most only to 0.2 mm long, with 10-15 highly congested branches each; main stems 2-4 mm in diameter, glabrous; bark longitudinally ridged, almost white; leaf scars prominent stumps almost overlapping to 2.5 cm apart. Sympodial units plurifoliate, the leaves not geminate, the leaves clustered at tips of branches and on short shoots. Leaves simple, 5-7 cm long, 2-2.5 cm wide, elliptic to obovate, membranous, wrinkled in herbarium specimens, concolorous, glabrous on both sides except for occasional simple or dendritic trichomes ca. 3 mm long with poorly developed branches, some more densely branched dendritic trichomes on the abaxial side of the midvein; midvein raised abaxially and flat adaxially; major veins 5-6 pairs, spreading at ca. 60° to the midvein, the finer venation brown, fine and faint, with tufts of minute dendritic trichomes with few branches (domatia) in the junction between the midvein and major veins abaxially; base long-attenuate; margin entire, mostly glabrous with occasional simple or sparsely dendritic trichomes becoming more frequent towards the apex; apex acute; petiole 1-2.5 cm long, slender, flexuous, ridged, glabrous or with occasional dendritic trichomes like those on the stem;. Inflorescences terminal, at the apex of branches or short shoots, 4-5 cm long, furcate, with 10-16 flowers; peduncle 2-2.7(5) cm long; peduncle and rachis glabrous or with occasional dendritic trichomes like those on the stem; pedicels 1-2.2 cm long, apically dilated with gradual transition between the pedicel and the calyx, articulated 0-0.5 mm from base, glabrous, the pedicel scars small stumps almost overlapping to 4 mm apart. Buds ellipsoid, the corolla long-exserted from the calyx tube before anthesis. Flowers 5-merous, apparently all perfect. Calyx tube ca. 1.5 mm long, broadly cup-shaped, the lobes 0.8-2 mm long, 1-1.5 mm wide at base, deltate, acute to obtuse at the tips, glabrous with tufts of dendritic trichomes at the tips. Corolla 1-2 cm in diameter, violet, stellate, lobed almost to base, the lobes 5-10 mm long, 2-4 mm wide, narrowly ovate, glabrous in the centre of both surfaces with small simple papillate trichomes denser and longer on the margins and tip, the tips of the lobes enlarged and knob-like, perhaps fleshy in live plants. Stamens equal; filament tube ca. 1 mm; free portion of the filaments less than 1 mm long, glabrous; anthers 3.5-4 mm long, ca. 1-1.5 mm wide, broadly ellipsoid, free and clearly separated from one another, smooth abaxially, poricidal at the tips; the pores much smaller than anther apices, ca. 0.3 mm in diameter, not lengthening with age. Ovary conical, glabrous; style 0.8-1 cm long, protruding 3-4 mm above the anthers, slender, curved, glabrous; stigma capitate or distinctly bi-lobed, dark, minutely papillose. Fruit and seeds not known.</paragraph>
<caption ID-Zenodo-Dep="980353" doi="10.3897/phytokeys.66.8457.figure13" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/95586" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" start="Figure 13" startId="F13">
<paragraph pageId="43" pageNumber="44">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Figure 13.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum ivohibe" order="Solanales" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ivohibe">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Solanum ivohibe</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<normalizedToken originalValue="D’Arcy">D'Arcy</normalizedToken>
&amp; Rakot. 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">A</emphasis>
Flowering branch 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">B</emphasis>
Tufts of trichomes in vein axils on leaf undersides (domatia) (based on 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Humbert 13429</emphasis>
). Adapted from 
<bibRefCitation author="D'Arcy, WG" journalOrPublisher="Museum National D'Histoire Naturelle, Paris" pageId="107" pageNumber="108" pagination="1 - 146" refId="B25" refString="D'Arcy, WG, Rakotozafy, A, 1994. Flore de Madagascar et des Comores. Museum National D'Histoire Naturelle, Paris: 1 - 146" title="Flore de Madagascar et des Comores" year="1994">
<normalizedToken originalValue="D’Arcy">D'Arcy</normalizedToken>
and Rakotozafy (1994)
</bibRefCitation>
with permission of 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Muséum">Museum</normalizedToken>
National 
<normalizedToken originalValue="d’Histoire">d'Histoire</normalizedToken>
Naturelle.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="44" pageNumber="45" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="44" pageNumber="45">
<pageBreakToken pageId="44" pageNumber="45" start="start">Distribution</pageBreakToken>
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="44" pageNumber="45">
(Figure 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 14" captionStartId="F14" captionText="Figure 14. Distribution of Solanum ivohibe D'Arcy &amp; Rakot." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.66.8457.figure14" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/95587" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">14</figureCitation>
). Endemic to Madgascar in the Ivohibe and Andringitra areas of Fianarantsoa province.
</paragraph>
<caption ID-Zenodo-Dep="980355" doi="10.3897/phytokeys.66.8457.figure14" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/95587" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" start="Figure 14" startId="F14">
<paragraph pageId="44" pageNumber="45">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Figure 14.</emphasis>
Distribution of 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum ivohibe" order="Solanales" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ivohibe">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Solanum ivohibe</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<normalizedToken originalValue="D’Arcy">D'Arcy</normalizedToken>
&amp; Rakot.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="44" pageNumber="45" type="ecology">
<paragraph pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Ecology and habitat.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Riparian and secondary montane forests from approximately 800 to1200 m elevation.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="44" pageNumber="45" type="common names and uses">
<paragraph pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Common names and uses.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="44" pageNumber="45">None recorded.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="44" pageNumber="45" type="preliminary conservation status">
<paragraph pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Preliminary conservation status</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="44" pageNumber="45">
(
<bibRefCitation author="IUCN" journalOrPublisher="Annales de Biologie" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" publicationUrl="http://www.iucnredlist.org/documents/RedListGuidelines.pdf" refId="B56" refString="IUCN, 2014. Guidelines for Using the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria. Version 11., http://www.iucnredlist.org/documents/RedListGuidelines.pdf" title="Guidelines for Using the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria. Version 11" url="http://www.iucnredlist.org/documents/RedListGuidelines.pdf" year="2014">IUCN 2014</bibRefCitation>
). Endangered (EN B1a, b iii). EOO 950 km2 (EN), AOO 12 km2 (EN). Known collections of 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum ivohibe" order="Solanales" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ivohibe">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Solanum ivohibe</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are currently not sufficient to document its range of occurence with any degree of confidence, but its occurrence in the fragmented wet forests of eastern Madagascar and the paucity of collections leads us to give it a preliminary status that indicates conservation concern.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="46" lastPageNumber="47" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" type="discussion">
<paragraph pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Discussion.</paragraph>
<paragraph lastPageId="45" lastPageNumber="46" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum ivohibe" order="Solanales" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ivohibe">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Solanum ivohibe</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is a slender forest shrub with almost glabrous leaves on decurrent long petioles, prominent domatia on leaf undersides (Fig. 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="F13" captionText="Figure 13. Solanum ivohibe D'Arcy &amp; Rakot. A Flowering branch B Tufts of trichomes in vein axils on leaf undersides (domatia) (based on Humbert 13429). Adapted from D'Arcy and Rakotozafy (1994) with permission of Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.66.8457.figure13" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/95586" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">13</figureCitation>
inset), inflorescences with a long peduncle and 10-16 flowers. It seems likely that 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum ivohibe" order="Solanales" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ivohibe">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Solanum ivohibe</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<pageBreakToken pageId="45" pageNumber="46" start="start">can</pageBreakToken>
grow as a liana. The very few collections suggest it grows along streams in mid-elevation mesic to wet secondary forests in the underexplored and exceptionally diverse area around Andringitra National Park (
<bibRefCitation author="Lewis, BA" journalOrPublisher="Fieldiana" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" pagination="24 - 75" refId="B70" refString="Lewis, BA, Phillipson, PB, Andrianarisata, M, Rahajasoa, G, Rakotomalaza, PJ, Randriambololona, M, McDonagh, JF, 1996. A study of the botanical structure, composition and diversity of the eastern slopes of the Reserve Naturelle Integrate d'Andringitra, Madagascar. Fieldiana 85: 24 - 75" title="A study of the botanical structure, composition and diversity of the eastern slopes of the Reserve Naturelle Integrate d'Andringitra, Madagascar." volume="85" year="1996">Lewis et al. 1996</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph lastPageId="46" lastPageNumber="47" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
Within Madagascar 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum ivohibe" order="Solanales" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ivohibe">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Solanum ivohibe</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is most similar to 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum sambiranense" order="Solanales" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sambiranense">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Solanum sambiranense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and to some extent also with 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum imamense" order="Solanales" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="imamense">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Solanum imamense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum betroka" order="Solanales" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="betroka">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Solanum betroka</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum ivohibe" order="Solanales" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ivohibe">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Solanum ivohibe</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can be distinguished from 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum sambiranense" order="Solanales" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sambiranense">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Solanum sambiranense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by its inflorescence bearing 10-16 (versus 3-10) flowers, calyx lobes 0.8-2 mm long tearing for up to 1 mm (versus calyx lobes 4-6 mm long tearing for up to 2 mm), and minute versus larger tufts of trichomes (domatia) in the axils of the veins and midrib of the lower leaf surfaces; it also occurs further south than the 
<pageBreakToken pageId="46" pageNumber="47" start="start">distribution</pageBreakToken>
range of 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum sambiranense" order="Solanales" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sambiranense">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Solanum sambiranense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum ivohibe" order="Solanales" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ivohibe">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Solanum ivohibe</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is sympatric with 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum imamense" order="Solanales" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="imamense">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Solanum imamense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum betroka" order="Solanales" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="betroka">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Solanum betroka</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; it differs from these two species by its long-decurrent (versus cuneate) leaf bases, larger leaves (&gt; 5 cm long versus shorter than 5 cm), smaller calyx, and calyx lobes &lt;2 mm long (versus usually&gt; 2 mm long). 
<bibRefCitation author="D'Arcy, WG" journalOrPublisher="Museum National D'Histoire Naturelle, Paris" pageId="107" pageNumber="108" pagination="1 - 146" refId="B25" refString="D'Arcy, WG, Rakotozafy, A, 1994. Flore de Madagascar et des Comores. Museum National D'Histoire Naturelle, Paris: 1 - 146" title="Flore de Madagascar et des Comores" year="1994">
<normalizedToken originalValue="D’Arcy">D'Arcy</normalizedToken>
and Rakotozafy (1994)
</bibRefCitation>
considered 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum ivohibe" order="Solanales" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ivohibe">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Solanum ivohibe</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
to be a relative of the Mayotte endemic 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum macrothyrsum" order="Solanales" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="macrothyrsum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Solanum macrothyrsum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
but with smaller leaves and inflorescences; it shares features with both 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum macrothyrsum" order="Solanales" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="macrothyrsum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Solanum macrothyrsum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum sambiranense" order="Solanales" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sambiranense">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Solanum sambiranense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The anthers of 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum ivohibe" order="Solanales" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ivohibe">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Solanum ivohibe</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are longer than those 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum macrothyrsum" order="Solanales" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="macrothyrsum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Solanum macrothyrsum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(3.5-4 mm versus 2.5-3 mm), the calyx lobes are somewhat longer (0.8-2 mm versus under 0.5 mm) and more deeply divided.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum ivohibe" order="Solanales" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ivohibe">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Solanum ivohibe</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
appears to occupy a somewhat higher elevation, higher moisture, and more closed canopy environment than the similar species 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum betroka" order="Solanales" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="betroka">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Solanum betroka</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in the arid south, 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum sambiranense" order="Solanales" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sambiranense">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Solanum sambiranense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in fairly dry north-west, and 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum imamense" order="Solanales" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="imamense">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Solanum imamense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in mesic niches, and the distribution range of 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum ivohibe" order="Solanales" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ivohibe">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Solanum ivohibe</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
does not overlap with these species. 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum ivohibe" order="Solanales" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ivohibe">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Solanum ivohibe</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
apprears to be sympatric with 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum madagascariense" order="Solanales" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="madagascariense">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Solanum madagascariense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
around Andringitra National Park and the surrounding forests although 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum madagascariense" order="Solanales" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="madagascariense">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Solanum madagascariense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
occurs in wetter forest.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
The species concept of 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum ivohibe" order="Solanales" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ivohibe">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Solanum ivohibe</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
adopted here has little in common with that of 
<bibRefCitation author="D'Arcy, WG" journalOrPublisher="Museum National D'Histoire Naturelle, Paris" pageId="107" pageNumber="108" pagination="1 - 146" refId="B25" refString="D'Arcy, WG, Rakotozafy, A, 1994. Flore de Madagascar et des Comores. Museum National D'Histoire Naturelle, Paris: 1 - 146" title="Flore de Madagascar et des Comores" year="1994">
<normalizedToken originalValue="D’Arcy">D'Arcy</normalizedToken>
and Rakotozafy (1994)
</bibRefCitation>
. The protologue lists five collections of 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum ivohibe" order="Solanales" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ivohibe">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Solanum ivohibe</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and places the species in section 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Solanales" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="section" section="Lemurisolanum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Lemurisolanum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. In our view, two of the cited collections represent other taxa: 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Humbert 13429</emphasis>
(P00349045, from Ankazondrana), that was used for the illustration in the original description, belongs to our circumscription of 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum madagascariense" order="Solanales" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="madagascariense">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Solanum madagascariense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Peltier &amp; Peltier 980</emphasis>
(P00349044, from Toamasina) belongs to our circumscription of 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum humblotii" order="Solanales" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="humblotii">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Solanum humblotii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The type specimen, however, represents a distinct taxon and we recognise 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum ivohibe" order="Solanales" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ivohibe">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Solanum ivohibe</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
here, with a narrow circumscription encompassing the type and two other collections (one cited by 
<bibRefCitation author="D'Arcy, WG" journalOrPublisher="Museum National D'Histoire Naturelle, Paris" pageId="107" pageNumber="108" pagination="1 - 146" refId="B25" refString="D'Arcy, WG, Rakotozafy, A, 1994. Flore de Madagascar et des Comores. Museum National D'Histoire Naturelle, Paris: 1 - 146" title="Flore de Madagascar et des Comores" year="1994">
<normalizedToken originalValue="D’Arcy">D'Arcy</normalizedToken>
and Rakotozafy [1994]
</bibRefCitation>
) from very near the type locality.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
The protologue of 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum ivohibe" order="Solanales" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ivohibe">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Solanum ivohibe</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
cites a holotype at P. There are in fact two duplicates, one of which (P00349043) is clearly marked as such in 
<normalizedToken originalValue="D’Arcy’s">D'Arcy's</normalizedToken>
handwriting; we select this specimen here as the lectotype of 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum ivohibe" order="Solanales" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ivohibe">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Solanum ivohibe</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="46" pageNumber="47" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Specimens examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
<materialsCitation collectingDate="1951-11-28" collectingDateMax="2010-11-15" collectingDateMin="1951-11-28" collectorName="Rakotonasolo, Cribb, District d'Ivohibe R. N. V." country="Madagascar" county="Ambalavao" location="Zomandao River" municipality="Andringitra" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Fianarantsoa">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
<collectingCountry name="Madagascar">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
. 
<collectingRegion country="Madagascar" name="Fianarantsoa">Fianarantsoa</collectingRegion>
</emphasis>
: 
<collectingCounty>Ambalavao</collectingCounty>
, 
<collectingMunicipality>Andringitra</collectingMunicipality>
, edge of 
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:1F3ACA15502859AD90E9A54FCA820C88:DDB298E766453C2C0F874A0563682878" country="Madagascar" county="Ambalavao" municipality="Andringitra" name="Zomandao River" stateProvince="Fianarantsoa">Zomandao River</location>
, 
<collectingDate value="2010-11-15">15 Nov 2010</collectingDate>
, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
<collectorName>Rakotonasolo</collectorName>
&amp; 
<collectorName>Cribb</collectorName>
RNF
</emphasis>
- 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">1674</emphasis>
(K); 
<collectorName>
District 
<normalizedToken originalValue="d’Ivohibe">d'Ivohibe</normalizedToken>
R.N.V.
</collectorName>
, 
<collectingDate value="1951-11-28">28 Nov 1951</collectingDate>
, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Réserves">Reserves</normalizedToken>
Naturelles Madagascar 3523
</emphasis>
- 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">RN</emphasis>
(P)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>