836 lines
112 KiB
XML
836 lines
112 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="159E7C7B281398696084DB87ECC07219">Taxonomy of the sea stars (Echinodermata: Asteroidea) from Bahia State, including ontogenetic variation and an illustrated key to the Brazilian species</mods:title>
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<treatment id="FF6987EEFF9FFFE2FF54416D7E32FE91" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4701456" ID-GBIF-Taxon="181198546" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4701456" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:FF6987EEFF9FFFE2FF54416D7E32FE91" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/FF6987EEFF9FFFE2FF54416D7E32FE91" lastPageId="54" lastPageNumber="55" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">
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<heading id="2C378194FF9FFFE6FF54416D7E2DF966" bold="true" box="[151,607,1657,1684]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" reason="3">
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<taxonomicName id="B0C04D7BFF9FFFE6FF54416D7E2DF966" ID-CoL="754LJ" ID-ENA="46529" authority="(Linnaeus, 1758)" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[151,607,1657,1684]" class="Asteroidea" family="Oreasteridae" genus="Oreaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="reticulatus">
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<emphasis id="45B4EAEAFF9FFFE6FF54416D7DFAF961" bold="true" box="[151,392,1657,1684]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Oreaster reticulatus</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="13514B09FF9FFFE6FE54416D7E25F966" author="Linnaeus, C." box="[407,599,1657,1683]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" refId="ref57549" refString="Linnaeus, C. (1758) Systema Naturae. Impensis Direct, Laurentii Salvii, Holmiae, 824 pp." type="book" year="1758">Linnaeus, 1758</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="3FDA6573FF9FFFE6FF5441897D4AF942" box="[151,312,1693,1719]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" type="description">
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<paragraph id="777F36F8FF9FFFE6FF5441897D4AF942" blockId="50.[151,607,1657,1719]" box="[151,312,1693,1719]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">
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<figureCitation id="EFFB2A7DFF9FFFE6FF5441897D4AF942" box="[151,312,1693,1719]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 28" captionStart-1="FIGURE 29" captionStartId-0="52.[151,250,1908,1932]" captionStartId-1="53.[151,250,1269,1293]" captionTargetBox-0="[163,1425,181,1884]" captionTargetBox-1="[151,1436,453,1246]" captionTargetId-0="figure-25@52.[163,1425,181,1884]" captionTargetId-1="figure-158@53.[151,1436,453,1246]" captionTargetPageId-0="52" captionTargetPageId-1="53" captionText-0="FIGURE 28. Oreaster reticulatus (Linnaeus, 1758). (A, B) Specimen in situ (not collected: photo credit: Cláudio Sampaio). Specimen (R 49 mm) (UFBA 468): (C) abactinal and (D) actinal view of body. Adult specimen apprehended by the Brazilian Institute of the Environment and Renewable Natural Resources (IBAMA) (not deposited in a scientific collection because of lack of information): (E) abactinal and (F) actinal view of body. Scale bars: C–D, 20 mm; E–F, 30 mm." captionText-1="FIGURE 29. Oreaster reticulatus (Linnaeus, 1758). (A) Adult specimen being sold as a souvenir by fisherman in Salvador, Bahia in October 2020 (photo credit: Wagner Magalhães). Specimen (R 49 mm) (UFBA 468): (B–C) abactinal region with granules, papular pores and pedicellaria (black arrow); (D) madreporite; (E) bivalve pedicellaria; (F) superomarginal spine; (G) actinal plates with granules; (H) ambulacral spines; (I) oral region. Scale bars: B–D, F–H, 1 mm; E, 500 μm; I, 2 mm." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4691146" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4691148" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/4691146/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/4691148/files/figure.png" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Figures 28–29</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="3FDA6573FF9FFFE6FF5441F67F8DF824" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="777F36F8FF9FFFE6FF5441F67E5DF90F" blockId="50.[151,1437,1762,2001]" box="[151,559,1762,1786]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="57D011D6FF9FFFE6FF5441F67E5DF90F" box="[151,559,1762,1786]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">
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<treatmentCitation id="F66110E9FF9FFFE6FF5441F67E59F90F" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3913236" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3913236" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:86380686-B865-4E10-808B-053884D97F35" author="Linnaeus, C." box="[151,555,1762,1786]" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/DB2D77145321957F44618EEB2152F84B" page="661" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" year="1758">
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<taxonomicName id="B0C04D7BFF9FFFE6FF5441F67E59F90F" authority="Linnaeus, 1758: 661" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityPageNumber="661" authorityYear="1758" box="[151,555,1762,1786]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asteriidae" genus="Asterias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Forcipulatida" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="reticulata">
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<emphasis id="45B4EAEAFF9FFFE6FF5441F67D21F90F" box="[151,339,1762,1786]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Asterias reticulata</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="13514B09FF9FFFE6FE9B41F67E59F90F" author="Linnaeus, C." box="[344,555,1762,1786]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" refId="ref57549" refString="Linnaeus, C. (1758) Systema Naturae. Impensis Direct, Laurentii Salvii, Holmiae, 824 pp." type="book" year="1758">Linnaeus, 1758: 661</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="777F36F8FF9FFFE6FF5440157F8DF824" blockId="50.[151,1437,1762,2001]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">
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<taxonomicName id="B0C04D7BFF9FFFE6FF5440157D10F8ED" ID-CoL="754LJ" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[151,354,1792,1816]" class="Asteroidea" family="Oreasteridae" genus="Oreaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="reticulatus">
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<emphasis id="45B4EAEAFF9FFFE6FF5440157D10F8ED" box="[151,354,1792,1816]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Oreaster reticulatus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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—
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<treatmentCitation id="F66110E9FF9FFFE6FEBF40147E11F8EC" author="Tommasi, L. R." box="[380,611,1792,1817]" page="10" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" year="1970">
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<bibRefCitation id="13514B09FF9FFFE6FEBF40147E11F8EC" author="Tommasi, L. R." box="[380,611,1792,1817]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" pagination="1 - 61" refId="ref63359" refString="Tommasi, L. R. (1970) Lista dos asteroides recentes do Brasil. Contribuicoes Avulsas do Instituto Oceanografico, Universidade de Sao Paulo, 18, 1 - 61, 38 pls." type="journal article" year="1970">Tommasi 1970: 10–11</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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, 36, pl. 13, fig. 31;
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<treatmentCitation id="F66110E9FF9FFFE6FCED40157F9AF8ED" author="Downey, M. E." box="[814,1000,1792,1817]" page="60" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" year="1973">
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<bibRefCitation id="13514B09FF9FFFE6FCED40157F9AF8ED" author="Downey, M. E." box="[814,1000,1792,1817]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" pagination="1 - 158" refId="ref54261" refString="Downey, M. E. (1973) Starfishes from the Caribbean and the Gulf of Mexico. Smithsonian Contributions Zoology, 126, 1 - 158. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 00810282.126" type="journal article" year="1973">Downey 1973: 60</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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, pl. 24, figs. A–B;
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<treatmentCitation id="F66110E9FF9FFFE6FB6840147C9DF8C2" author="Clark, A. M. & Downey, M. E." page="293" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" year="1992">
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<bibRefCitation id="13514B09FF9FFFE6FB6840147C9DF8C2" author="Clark, A. M. & Downey, M. E." pageId="50" pageNumber="51" refId="ref52515" refString="Clark, A. M. & Downey, M. E. (1992) Starfishes of the Atlantic. Chapman and Hall, London, 794 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5860 / choice. 30 - 2659" type="book" year="1992">Clark & Downey 1992: 293</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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, pl. 72;
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<treatmentCitation id="F66110E9FF9FFFE6FEFC400B7E59F8C2" author="Hendler, G. & Muller, J. E. & Pawson, D. L. & Kier, P. M." box="[319,555,1823,1847]" page="82" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" year="1995">
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<bibRefCitation id="13514B09FF9FFFE6FEFC400B7E59F8C2" author="Hendler, G. & Muller, J. E. & Pawson, D. L. & Kier, P. M." box="[319,555,1823,1847]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" refId="ref56324" refString="Hendler, G., Muller, J. E., Pawson, D. L. & Kier, P. M. (1995) Sea Stars, Sea Urchins and Allies: Echinoderms of Florida and the Caribbean. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, 390 pp." type="book" year="1995">
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||
Hendler
|
||
<emphasis id="45B4EAEAFF9FFFE6FE5440347DB8F8C2" box="[407,458,1823,1847]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">et al.</emphasis>
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1995: 82
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
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</treatmentCitation>
|
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, figs. 25–26;
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<treatmentCitation id="F66110E9FF9FFFE6FD71400B7FB3F8C2" author="Fernandes, M. L. B. & Tommasi, L. R. & Lima, E. J. B." box="[690,961,1823,1847]" page="422" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" year="2002">
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<bibRefCitation id="13514B09FF9FFFE6FD71400B7FB3F8C2" author="Fernandes, M. L. B. & Tommasi, L. R. & Lima, E. J. B." box="[690,961,1823,1847]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" refId="ref54572" refString="Fernandes, M. L. B., Tommasi, L. R. & Lima, E. J. B. (2002) Filo Echinodermata de Pernambuco. In: Tabarelli, M. & Silva, J. M. C. (Eds.), Diagnostico da Biodiversidade de Pernambuco. Vol. 2. Massangana, Recife, pp. 405 - 427." type="book" year="2002">
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Fernandes
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<emphasis id="45B4EAEAFF9FFFE6FCE340347F3FF8C2" box="[800,845,1823,1847]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">et al</emphasis>
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. 2002: 422
|
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</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
|
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;
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<treatmentCitation id="F66110E9FF9FFFE6FC08400B78A0F8C2" author="Magalhaes, W. F. & Martins, L. R. & Alves, O. F. S." box="[971,1234,1823,1847]" page="63" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" year="2005">
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<bibRefCitation id="13514B09FF9FFFE6FC08400B78A0F8C2" author="Magalhaes, W. F. & Martins, L. R. & Alves, O. F. S." box="[971,1234,1823,1847]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" pagination="61 - 65" refId="ref57949" refString="Magalhaes, W. F., Martins, L. R. & Alves, O. F. S. (2005) Inventario dos Echinodermata do estado da Bahia. Brazilian Journal of Aquatic Science and Technology, 9 (1), 61 - 65. https: // doi. org / 10.14210 / bjast. v 9 n 1. p 61 - 65" type="journal article" year="2005">
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Magalhães
|
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<emphasis id="45B4EAEAFF9FFFE6FBFC40347819F8C2" box="[1087,1131,1823,1847]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">et al</emphasis>
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. 2005: 63
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</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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;
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<treatmentCitation id="F66110E9FF9FFFE6FB1F400B7D11F8A3" author="Martins, I. X. & Queiroz, A. C. M." page="202" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" year="2006">
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<bibRefCitation id="13514B09FF9FFFE6FB1F400B7D11F8A3" author="Martins, I. X. & Queiroz, A. C. M." pageId="50" pageNumber="51" pagination="200 - 219" refId="ref58792" refString="Martins, I. X. & Queiroz, A. C. M. (2006) Equinodermos do litoral do estado do Ceara. In: Matthews-Cascon, H. & Lotufo, T. M. C. (Eds.), Biota marinha da costa oeste do Ceara. Ministerio do Meio Ambiente, Serie Biodiversidade, Brasilia, pp. 200 - 219." type="book chapter" year="2006">Martins & Queiroz 2006: 202–203</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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;
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="F66110E9FF9FFFE6FEAE402A7E14F8A3" author="Ventura, C. R. R. & Verissimo, I. & Nobre, C. C. & Zama, P. C." box="[365,614,1854,1878]" page="238" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" year="2007">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="13514B09FF9FFFE6FEAE402A7E14F8A3" author="Ventura, C. R. R. & Verissimo, I. & Nobre, C. C. & Zama, P. C." box="[365,614,1854,1878]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" pagination="258" refId="ref63988" refString="Ventura, C. R. R., Verissimo, I., Nobre, C. C. & Zama, P. C. (2007) Filo Echinodermata. In: Lavrado, H. P. & Viana, M. S. (Eds.), Atlas de invertebrados marinhos da regiao central da Zona Economica Exclusiva brasileira. Parte 1. Museu Nacional do Rio de Janeiro, Serie Livros 25. Museu Nacional do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, pp. 258." type="book chapter" year="2007">
|
||
Ventura
|
||
<emphasis id="45B4EAEAFF9FFFE6FE00402B7D82F8A3" box="[451,496,1854,1878]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2007: 238
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="F66110E9FF9FFFE6FDB3402A7F2CF8A3" author="Manso, C. L. C. & Alves, O. F. S. & Martins, L. R." box="[624,862,1854,1878]" page="185" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" year="2008">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="13514B09FF9FFFE6FDB3402A7F2CF8A3" author="Manso, C. L. C. & Alves, O. F. S. & Martins, L. R." box="[624,862,1854,1878]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" pagination="179 - 196" refId="ref58661" refString="Manso, C. L. C., Alves, O. F. S. & Martins, L. R. (2008) Echinodermata da Baia de Todos os Santos e da Baia de Aratu (Bahia, Brasil). Biota Neotropica, 8 (3), 179 - 196. https: // doi. org / 10.1590 / S 1676 - 06032008000300017" type="journal article" year="2008">
|
||
Manso
|
||
<emphasis id="45B4EAEAFF9FFFE6FD7F402B7E9BF8A3" box="[700,745,1854,1878]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2008: 185
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
, fig. 8c–e; Magris & Deìstro 2010: 59, 61;
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="F66110E9FF9FFFE6FAD4402A7C91F881" author="Xavier, L. A. R." page="75" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" year="2010">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="13514B09FF9FFFE6FAD4402A7C91F881" author="Xavier, L. A. R." pageId="50" pageNumber="51" pagination="73 - 78" refId="ref65413" refString="Xavier, L. A. R. (2010) Inventario dos equinodermos do Estado de Santa Catarina, Brasil. Brazilian Journal of Aquatic Science and Technology, 14, 73 - 78. https: // doi. org / 10.14210 / bjast. v 14 n 2. p 73 - 78" type="journal article" year="2010">Xavier 2010: 75</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="F66110E9FF9FFFE6FF2E40487D95F881" author="Alves, R. N. & Dias, T. L. P." box="[237,487,1884,1909]" page="157" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" year="2010">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="13514B09FF9FFFE6FF2E40487D95F881" author="Alves, R. N. & Dias, T. L. P." box="[237,487,1884,1909]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" pagination="159 - 174" refId="ref49512" refString="Alves, R. N. & Dias, T. L. P. (2010) Uso de invertebrados na medicina popular no Brasil e suas implicacoes para conservacao. Tropical Conservation Science, 3 (2), 159 - 174. https: // doi. org / 10.1177 / 194008291000300204" type="journal article" year="2010">Alves & Dias 2010: 157</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="F66110E9FF9FFFE6FE3140487FFAF880" author="Benavides-Serrato, M. & Borrero-Perez, G. & Diaz-Sanchez, C." box="[498,904,1884,1909]" page="179" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" year="2011">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="13514B09FF9FFFE6FE3140487FFAF880" author="Benavides-Serrato, M. & Borrero-Perez, G. & Diaz-Sanchez, C." box="[498,904,1884,1909]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" refId="ref50205" refString="Benavides-Serrato, M., Borrero-Perez, G. & Diaz-Sanchez, C. (2011) Equinodermos del caribe colombiano: Crinodea, Asteroidea y Ophiuroidea. Vol. 1. Marquillas, Santa Marta, 384 pp." type="book" year="2011">
|
||
Benavides-Serrato
|
||
<emphasis id="45B4EAEAFF9FFFE6FD7740497E92F881" box="[692,736,1884,1908]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2011: 179–180
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="F66110E9FF9FFFE6FC50404878B7F880" author="Miranda, A. L. S. & Lima, M. L. F. & Sovierzoski, H. H. & Correia, M. D." box="[915,1221,1884,1909]" page="143" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" year="2012">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="13514B09FF9FFFE6FC50404878B7F880" author="Miranda, A. L. S. & Lima, M. L. F. & Sovierzoski, H. H. & Correia, M. D." box="[915,1221,1884,1909]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" pagination="135 - 146" refId="ref59386" refString="Miranda, A. L. S., Lima, M. L. F., Sovierzoski, H. H. & Correia, M. D. (2012) Inventory of the Echinodermata collection from the Universidade Federal de Alagoas. Biota Neotropica, 12 (2), 135 - 146. https: // doi. org / 10.1590 / S 1676 - 06032012000200014" type="journal article" year="2012">
|
||
Miranda
|
||
<emphasis id="45B4EAEAFF9FFFE6FC2C4049786EF881" box="[1007,1052,1884,1908]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2012: 143–144
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="13514B09FF9FFFE6FB0C404879E8F880" author="Gondim, A. & Christoffersen, M. & Dias, T." box="[1231,1434,1884,1909]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" pagination="1 - 56" refId="ref55654" refString="Gondim, A., Christoffersen, M. & Dias, T. (2014) Taxonomic guide and historical review of starfishes in northeastern Brazil (Echinodermata, Asteroidea). ZooKeys, 449, 1 - 56. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / zookeys. 449.6813" type="journal article" year="2014">
|
||
Gondim
|
||
<emphasis id="45B4EAEAFF9FFFE6FAEA40497924F881" box="[1321,1366,1884,1908]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2014
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: fig. 8a–g, 12c;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="13514B09FF9FFFE6FEA7406F7E4FF866" author="Alvarado, J. J. & Chacon-Monge, J. L. & Solis-Marin, F. A. & Pineda-Enriquez, T. & Caballero-Ochoa, A. A. & Rivera, S. S. & Chaves, R. R." box="[356,573,1915,1939]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" pagination="1" refId="ref49286" refString="Alvarado, J. J., Chacon-Monge, J. L., Solis-Marin, F. A., Pineda-Enriquez, T., Caballero-Ochoa, A. A., Rivera, S. S. & Chaves, R. R. (2017) Equinodermos del Museo de Zoologia de la Universidad de Costa Rica. Revista de Biologia Tropical, Universidad de Costa Rica, 65 (1), S 272 - S 287. https: // doi. org / 10.15517 / rbt. v 65 i 1 - 1.31695" type="journal article" year="2017">
|
||
Alvarado
|
||
<emphasis id="45B4EAEAFF9FFFE6FE0940687D8AF866" box="[458,504,1915,1939]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2017
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: S277;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="13514B09FF9FFFE6FD48406F7F28F866" author="Sandino, O. B. & Solis-Marin, F. A. & Caballero-Ochoa, A. A. & Conejeros-Vargas, C. A. & Marquez-Borras, F. & Ayala-Aguilera, A. P. & Laguarda-Figueras, A." box="[651,858,1915,1939]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" pagination="288 - 298" refId="ref62033" refString="Sandino, O. B., Solis-Marin, F. A., Caballero-Ochoa, A. A., Conejeros-Vargas, C. A., Marquez-Borras, F., Ayala-Aguilera, A. P. & Laguarda-Figueras, A. (2017) Equinodermos de Nicaragua: nuevos registros del Pacifico y Caribe Sur. Revista de Biologia Tropical, 65, 288 - 298. https: // doi. org / 10.15517 / rbt. v 65 i 1 - 1.31696" type="journal article" year="2017">
|
||
Sandino
|
||
<emphasis id="45B4EAEAFF9FFFE6FD2540687F67F866" box="[742,789,1915,1939]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2017
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: S294;
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="F66110E9FF9FFFE6FC6B406F78B5F866" author="Souto, C. & Martins, L." box="[936,1223,1915,1939]" page="305" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" year="2017">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="13514B09FF9FFFE6FC6B406F78B5F866" author="Souto, C. & Martins, L." box="[936,1223,1915,1939]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" refId="ref62639" refString="Souto, C. & Martins, L. (2017) Os equinodermos. In: Nunes, J. M. C. & Matos, M. R. B. (Eds.), Litoral Norte da Bahia: caracterizacao ambiental, biodiversidade e conservacao. Vol. 1. EDUFBA, Salvador, pp. 303 - 315." type="book" year="2017">Souto & Martins 2017: 305</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
, fig. 1C;
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="F66110E9FF9FFFE6FAEA406F7D01F847" author="Agostini, V. O. & Ozorio, C. P." page="35" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" year="2018">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="13514B09FF9FFFE6FAEA406F7D01F847" author="Agostini, V. O. & Ozorio, C. P." pageId="50" pageNumber="51" pagination="26 - 48" refId="ref48996" refString="Agostini, V. O. & Ozorio, C. P. (2018) Caracterizacao da macrofauna de substratos consolidados do Litoral Norte do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. Arquivos de Ciencias do Mar, 51 (1), 26 - 48. https: // doi. org / 10.32360 / acmar. v 51 i 1.31293" type="journal article" year="2018">Agostini & Ozorio 2018: 35</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="F66110E9FF9FFFE6FEBC408E7EE3F847" author="Gurjao, L. M. & Lotufo, T. M. C." box="[383,657,1946,1970]" page="11" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" year="2018">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="13514B09FF9FFFE6FEBC408E7EE3F847" author="Gurjao, L. M. & Lotufo, T. M. C." box="[383,657,1946,1970]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" pagination="20170387" refId="ref56095" refString="Gurjao, L. M. & Lotufo, T. M. C. (2018) Native species exploited by marine aquarium trade in Brazil. Biota Neotropica, 18 (3), e 20170387. https: // doi. org / 10.1590 / 1676 - 0611 - bn- 2017 - 0387" type="journal article" year="2018">Gurjão & Lotufo 2018: 11</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="F66110E9FF9FFFE6FD5E408E7F8CF847" author="Patrizzi, N. & Dobrovolski, R." box="[669,1022,1946,1970]" page="182" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" year="2018">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="13514B09FF9FFFE6FD5E408E7F8CF847" author="Patrizzi, N. & Dobrovolski, R." box="[669,1022,1946,1970]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" pagination="177 - 188" refId="ref60302" refString="Patrizzi, N. & Dobrovolski, R. (2018) Integrating climate change and human impacts into marine spatial planning: a case study of threatened starfish species in Brazil. Ocean & Coastal Management, 161, 177 - 188. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. ocecoaman. 2018.05.003" type="journal article" year="2018">Patrizzi & Dobrovolski 2018: 182</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
; Borrero-Peìrez
|
||
<emphasis id="45B4EAEAFF9FFFE6FB6B408F78A4F847" box="[1192,1238,1946,1970]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2019: 5;
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="F66110E9FF9FFFE6FA83408E7D05F824" author="Torres, V. S. & Torres, F. S. S." page="413" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" year="2019">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="13514B09FF9FFFE6FA83408E7D05F824" author="Torres, V. S. & Torres, F. S. S." pageId="50" pageNumber="51" pagination="408 - 422" refId="ref63583" refString="Torres, V. S. & Torres, F. S. S. (2019) Inventario preliminar dos invertebrados marinhos observados na praia da Pinheira, Palhoca, SC, Brasil. UNISANTA Bioscience, 8 (4), 408 - 422." type="journal article" year="2019">Torres & Torres 2019: 413</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="F66110E9FF9FFFE6FE4240AC7E2DF824" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3681171" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3681171" author="Cunha, R. & Tavares, M. & Mendonca, J. B." box="[385,607,1976,2001]" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/AA3E8794FFE1FA17A9B0F9B8FC42551D" page="44" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" year="2020">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="13514B09FF9FFFE6FE4240AC7E2DF824" author="Cunha, R. & Tavares, M. & Mendonca, J. B." box="[385,607,1976,2001]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" pagination="31 - 56" refId="ref53334" refString="Cunha, R., Tavares, M. & Mendonca, J. B. (2020) Asteroidea (Echinodermata) from shallow-waters of the remote oceanic archipelago Trindade and Martin Vaz, southeastern Atlantic, with taxonomic and zoogeographical notes. Zootaxa, 4742 (1), 31 - 56. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4742.1.2" type="journal article" year="2020">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="0FD77668FF9FFFE6FE4240AC7DB1F825" box="[385,451,1976,2000]" name="Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Cunha</collectingCountry>
|
||
<emphasis id="45B4EAEAFF9FFFE6FE0940AD7D84F825" box="[458,502,1976,2000]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2020: 44
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
, figs. 4E, 8;
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="F66110E9FF9FFFE6FD1D40AC7F89F824" author="Magris, R. & Giarrizzo, T." box="[734,1019,1976,2001]" page="3" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" year="2020">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="13514B09FF9FFFE6FD1D40AC7F89F824" author="Magris, R. & Giarrizzo, T." box="[734,1019,1976,2001]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" pagination="1 - 3" refId="ref58081" refString="Magris, R. A & Giarrizzo, T. (2020) Mysterious oil spill in the Atlantic Ocean threatens marine biodiversity and local people in Brazil. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 153, 1 - 3. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. marpolbul. 2020.110961" type="journal article" year="2020">Magris & Giarrizzo 2020: 3</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="3FDA6573FF9EFFE7FF5447827F0BFE7D" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="777F36F8FF9EFFE7FF5447827DE9FF0C" blockId="51.[151,1437,150,2042]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">
|
||
<emphasis id="45B4EAEAFF9EFFE7FF5447827D09FF45" bold="true" box="[151,379,150,176]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Material examined</emphasis>
|
||
(2 specs,
|
||
<quantity id="B0389B1DFF9EFFE7FE3347837E19FF44" box="[496,619,151,177]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.35" metricValueMax="9.8" metricValueMin="4.9" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" unit="mm" value="73.5" valueMax="98.0" valueMin="49.0">49–98 mm</quantity>
|
||
<collectionCode id="11D1AE3DFF9EFFE7FDB047837EFBFF44" box="[627,649,151,177]" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">R</collectionCode>
|
||
).
|
||
<materialsCitation id="C7A83CA5FF9EFFE7FD5D47837ED4FF20" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3080394343" collectingDate="1994-06-04" collectionCode="R" collectorName="de Areia" country="Brazil" latitude="-13.033334" location="Ponta de Areia" longLatPrecision="1291" longitude="-38.616665" municipality="Itaparica Island" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Bahia">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="0FD77668FF9EFFE7FD5D47837F74FF44" box="[670,774,151,177]" name="Brazil" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">BRAZIL</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="B504F81AFF9EFFE7FCD047837F26FF44" box="[787,852,151,177]" country="Brazil" name="Bahia" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Bahia</collectingRegion>
|
||
(12°52’–
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="12F4503FFF9EFFE7FC0747827852FF44" box="[964,1056,150,177]" degrees="13" direction="south" minutes="02" orientation="latitude" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" precision="925" value="-13.033334">13°02’S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
; 38°40’–
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="12F4503FFF9EFFE7FB4047837897FF47" box="[1155,1253,151,178]" degrees="38" direction="west" minutes="37" orientation="longitude" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" precision="925" value="-38.616665">38°37’W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
)—
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="971BAC82FF9EFFE7FAC847837CB8FF20" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Itaparica Island</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="721F6023FF9EFFE7FF1647AF7D08FF20" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:FF6987EEFF9FFFE2FF54416D7E32FE91:721F6023FF9EFFE7FF1647AF7D08FF20" box="[213,378,187,213]" country="Brazil" latitude="-13.033334" longLatPrecision="1291" longitude="-38.616665" municipality="Itaparica Island" name="Ponta de Areia" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" stateProvince="Bahia">
|
||
Ponta
|
||
<collectorName id="DA35532EFF9EFFE7FEDF47AF7D08FF20" box="[284,378,187,213]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">de Areia</collectorName>
|
||
</location>
|
||
beach,
|
||
<date id="037E1038FF9EFFE7FE1247AF7E4FFF20" box="[465,573,187,213]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" value="1994-06-04">
|
||
<collectingDate id="133AE9D0FF9EFFE7FE1247AF7E4FFF20" box="[465,573,187,213]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" value="1994-06-04">4.vi.1994</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
, 1 spm
|
||
<collectionCode id="11D1AE3DFF9EFFE7FD5047AF7ED4FF20" box="[659,678,187,213]" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">R</collectionCode>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="C7A83CA5FF9EFFE7FD6E47AF7CD8FF0C" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3080394312" collectingDate="1997-05-22" collectionCode="R" country="Brazil" elevation="16" location="Santos bay" municipality="Todos" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" specimenCode="UFBA 468" specimenCount="1">
|
||
<quantity id="B0389B1DFF9EFFE7FD6E47AF7E8EFF20" box="[685,764,187,213]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.9" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" unit="mm" value="49.0">49 mm</quantity>
|
||
(
|
||
<specimenCode id="27669E83FF9EFFE7FCC947AF7FF8FF23" box="[778,906,187,214]" collectionCode="UFBA" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">UFBA 468</specimenCode>
|
||
).
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="971BAC82FF9EFFE7FC5E47AF7F93FF20" box="[925,993,187,213]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Todos</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
os
|
||
<location id="721F6023FF9EFFE7FBCB47AF78F1FF20" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:FF6987EEFF9FFFE2FF54416D7E32FE91:721F6023FF9EFFE7FBCB47AF78F1FF20" box="[1032,1155,187,213]" country="Brazil" municipality="Todos" name="Santos bay" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Santos bay</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="B0389B1DFF9EFFE7FB4D47AF78BBFF20" box="[1166,1225,187,213]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" unit="m" value="16.0">
|
||
<elevation id="FCEDD1CBFF9EFFE7FB4D47AF78BBFF20" box="[1166,1225,187,213]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" unit="m" value="16.0">16 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="037E1038FF9EFFE7FB1647AF7934FF20" box="[1237,1350,187,213]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" value="1997-05-22">
|
||
<collectingDate id="133AE9D0FF9EFFE7FB1647AF7934FF20" box="[1237,1350,187,213]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" value="1997-05-22">22.v.1997</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
, 1 spm,
|
||
<collectionCode id="11D1AE3DFF9EFFE7FF5447CB7CD8FF0C" box="[151,170,223,249]" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">R</collectionCode>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="C7A83CA5FF9EFFE7FF7247CA7DE4FF0C" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3080394375" box="[177,406,222,249]" collectionCode="UFBA" country="Brazil" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" specimenCode="UFBA 367" specimenCount="1">
|
||
<quantity id="B0389B1DFF9EFFE7FF7247CA7D72FF0C" box="[177,256,222,249]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.8" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" unit="mm" value="98.0">98 mm</quantity>
|
||
(
|
||
<specimenCode id="27669E83FF9EFFE7FECD47CA7DFCFF0C" box="[270,398,222,249]" collectionCode="UFBA" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">UFBA 367</specimenCode>
|
||
)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="777F36F8FF9EFFE7FF0446167F0BFE7D" blockId="51.[151,1437,150,2042]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">
|
||
<emphasis id="45B4EAEAFF9EFFE7FF0446167DA8FEE9" bold="true" box="[199,474,258,284]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Comparative material.</emphasis>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="C7A83CA5FF9EFFE7FE2146167EDAFEB5" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3080394360" collectingDate="2014-10-23" collectionCode="R" collectorName="Enseada dos Portugueses" country="Brazil" elevation="13" latitude="-20.497862" location="Trindade Island" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-29.321001" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Espirito Santo">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="0FD77668FF9EFFE7FE2146167E39FEE9" box="[482,587,258,284]" name="Brazil" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">BRAZIL</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectingRegion id="B504F81AFF9EFFE7FD9B46167E8FFEE9" box="[600,765,258,284]" country="Brazil" name="Espirito Santo" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Espírito Santo</collectingRegion>
|
||
:
|
||
<location id="721F6023FF9EFFE7FCCA46167FCCFEE9" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:FF6987EEFF9FFFE2FF54416D7E32FE91:721F6023FF9EFFE7FCCA46167FCCFEE9" box="[777,958,258,284]" country="Brazil" latitude="-20.497862" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-29.321001" name="Trindade Island" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" stateProvince="Espirito Santo">Trindade Island</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="DA35532EFF9EFFE7FC084616789AFEE8" box="[971,1256,258,285]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Enseada dos Portugueses</collectorName>
|
||
(
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="12F4503FFF9EFFE7FB39461679EAFEE8" box="[1274,1432,258,285]" degrees="20" direction="south" minutes="29" orientation="latitude" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" precision="1" seconds="52.3" value="-20.497862">20°29’52.3”S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
;
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="12F4503FFF9EFFE7FF5446327D4DFEB4" box="[151,319,294,321]" degrees="29" direction="west" minutes="19" orientation="longitude" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" precision="1" seconds="15.6" value="-29.321001">29°19’15.6”W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
),
|
||
<quantity id="B0389B1DFF9EFFE7FE9546327DD8FEB5" box="[342,426,294,321]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.25" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" unit="m" value="12.5">
|
||
<elevation id="FCEDD1CBFF9EFFE7FE9546327DD8FEB5" box="[342,426,294,321]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.25" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" unit="m" value="12.5">12.5 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="037E1038FF9EFFE7FE7A46327E59FEB5" box="[441,555,294,320]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" value="2014-10-23">
|
||
<collectingDate id="133AE9D0FF9EFFE7FE7A46327E59FEB5" box="[441,555,294,320]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" value="2014-10-23">23.x.2014</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCount id="61C6FD71FF9EFFE7FDF946327EF4FEB5" box="[570,646,294,320]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" type="generic">1 spec</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectionCode id="11D1AE3DFF9EFFE7FD5646327EDAFEB5" box="[661,680,294,320]" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">R</collectionCode>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="C7A83CA5FF9EFFE7FD7146327940FEB5" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3080394435" box="[690,1330,294,321]" collectingDate="2015-07-06" collectionCode="R" country="Brazil" elevation="13" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" specimenCode="MZUSP 1611" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Espirito Santo">
|
||
<quantity id="B0389B1DFF9EFFE7FD7146327F61FEB5" box="[690,787,294,320]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" unit="mm" value="100.0">100 mm</quantity>
|
||
(
|
||
<specimenCode id="27669E83FF9EFFE7FCE746327FB5FEB4" box="[804,967,294,321]" collectionCode="MZUSP" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/6yx0-3nm7" name="Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">MZUSP 1611</specimenCode>
|
||
);
|
||
<quantity id="B0389B1DFF9EFFE7FC1C46327840FEB5" box="[991,1074,294,320]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.26" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" unit="m" value="12.6">
|
||
<elevation id="FCEDD1CBFF9EFFE7FC1C46327840FEB5" box="[991,1074,294,320]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.26" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" unit="m" value="12.6">12.6 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="037E1038FF9EFFE7FB82463278C7FEB4" box="[1089,1205,294,321]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" value="2015-07-06">
|
||
<collectingDate id="133AE9D0FF9EFFE7FB82463278C7FEB4" box="[1089,1205,294,321]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" value="2015-07-06">6.vii.2015</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCount id="61C6FD71FF9EFFE7FB0746327962FEB5" box="[1220,1296,294,320]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" type="generic">1 spec</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectionCode id="11D1AE3DFF9EFFE7FADC46327940FEB5" box="[1311,1330,294,320]" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">R</collectionCode>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="C7A83CA5FF9EFFE7FAFF46327D35FE91" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3080394338" collectionCode="MZUSP" country="Brazil" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" specimenCode="MZUSP 1612" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Espirito Santo">
|
||
<quantity id="B0389B1DFF9EFFE7FAFF463279EFFEB5" box="[1340,1437,294,321]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.05" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" unit="mm" value="105.0">105 mm</quantity>
|
||
(
|
||
<specimenCode id="27669E83FF9EFFE7FF5C465E7D4DFE91" box="[159,319,329,356]" collectionCode="MZUSP" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/6yx0-3nm7" name="Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">MZUSP 1612</specimenCode>
|
||
)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<materialsCitation id="C7A83CA5FF9EFFE7FE92465E78F2FE91" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3080394405" box="[337,1152,329,356]" collectionCode="R" country="Brazil" latitude="-23.95" location="Sao Paulo" longLatPrecision="1253" longitude="-46.333332" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Sao Paulo">
|
||
<collectingRegion id="B504F81AFF9EFFE7FE92465E7DB3FE96" box="[337,449,329,356]" country="Brazil" name="Sao Paulo" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">São Paulo</collectingRegion>
|
||
(23º47’–
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="12F4503FFF9EFFE7FDEF465D7EF7FE91" box="[556,645,329,356]" degrees="23" direction="south" minutes="57" orientation="latitude" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" precision="925" value="-23.95">23º57’S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
; 45º23’–
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="12F4503FFF9EFFE7FD26465D7F38FE91" box="[741,842,329,356]" degrees="46" direction="west" minutes="20" orientation="longitude" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" precision="925" value="-46.333332">46º20’W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
)—São Sebastião,
|
||
<specimenCount id="61C6FD71FF9EFFE7FBD9465E7810FE91" box="[1050,1122,330,356]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" type="generic">1 spec</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectionCode id="11D1AE3DFF9EFFE7FBAE465E78F2FE91" box="[1133,1152,330,356]" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">R</collectionCode>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="C7A83CA5FF9EFFE7FB45465D7E53FE7D" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3080394336" collectingDate="1999-06-01" collectionCode="R" collectorName="Santos" country="Brazil" elevation="76" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" specimenCode="MZUSP 1956" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Sao Paulo">
|
||
<quantity id="B0389B1DFF9EFFE7FB45465D7890FE91" box="[1158,1250,329,356]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.25" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" unit="mm" value="125.0">125 mm</quantity>
|
||
(
|
||
<specimenCode id="27669E83FF9EFFE7FB2C465E79FDFE91" box="[1263,1423,329,356]" collectionCode="MZUSP" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/6yx0-3nm7" name="Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">MZUSP 1956</specimenCode>
|
||
);
|
||
<collectorName id="DA35532EFF9EFFE7FF5446797C96FE72" box="[151,228,365,391]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Santos</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="B0389B1DFF9EFFE7FF3346797D59FE7D" box="[240,299,365,392]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.6" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" unit="m" value="76.0">
|
||
<elevation id="FCEDD1CBFF9EFFE7FF3346797D59FE7D" box="[240,299,365,392]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.6" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" unit="m" value="76.0">76 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="037E1038FF9EFFE7FEF446797DD1FE72" box="[311,419,365,391]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" value="1999-06-01">
|
||
<collectingDate id="133AE9D0FF9EFFE7FEF446797DD1FE72" box="[311,419,365,391]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" value="1999-06-01">1.vi.1999</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
, 2 specs,
|
||
<collectionCode id="11D1AE3DFF9EFFE7FDCD467A7E53FE7D" box="[526,545,366,392]" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">R</collectionCode>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="C7A83CA5FF9EFFE7FDEB46797F06FE7D" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3080394389" box="[552,884,365,392]" collectionCode="MZUSP" country="Brazil" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" specimenCode="MZUSP 1617" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Sao Paulo">
|
||
<quantity id="B0389B1DFF9EFFE7FDEB46797ECFFE7D" box="[552,701,365,392]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.35" metricValueMax="1.4" metricValueMin="1.3" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" unit="mm" value="135.0" valueMax="140.0" valueMin="130.0">130–140 mm</quantity>
|
||
(
|
||
<specimenCode id="27669E83FF9EFFE7FD0846797F1EFE7D" box="[715,876,365,392]" collectionCode="MZUSP" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/6yx0-3nm7" name="Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">MZUSP 1617</specimenCode>
|
||
)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="3FDA6573FF9EFFE7FF044685784BFBDB" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="777F36F8FF9EFFE7FF0446857D3FFD18" blockId="51.[151,1437,150,2042]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">
|
||
<emphasis id="45B4EAEAFF9EFFE7FF0446857D90FE5E" bold="true" box="[199,482,401,427]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">
|
||
Description (R
|
||
<quantity id="B0389B1DFF9EFFE7FEBC46857DA7FE5E" box="[383,469,401,427]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.8" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" unit="mm" value="98.0">98 mm</quantity>
|
||
).
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Body stellate, disc inflated; R/r 1.7 (
|
||
<figureCitation id="EFFB2A7DFF9EFFE7FC4B46857860FE5E" box="[904,1042,401,427]" captionStart="FIGURE 28" captionStartId="52.[151,250,1908,1932]" captionTargetBox="[163,1425,181,1884]" captionTargetId="figure-25@52.[163,1425,181,1884]" captionTargetPageId="52" captionText="FIGURE 28. Oreaster reticulatus (Linnaeus, 1758). (A, B) Specimen in situ (not collected: photo credit: Cláudio Sampaio). Specimen (R 49 mm) (UFBA 468): (C) abactinal and (D) actinal view of body. Adult specimen apprehended by the Brazilian Institute of the Environment and Renewable Natural Resources (IBAMA) (not deposited in a scientific collection because of lack of information): (E) abactinal and (F) actinal view of body. Scale bars: C–D, 20 mm; E–F, 30 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4691146" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4691146/files/figure.png" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Fig. 28A–B</figureCitation>
|
||
). Five short arms, distally tapering (
|
||
<figureCitation id="EFFB2A7DFF9EFFE7FF6346A17D54FE3A" box="[160,294,437,463]" captionStart="FIGURE 28" captionStartId="52.[151,250,1908,1932]" captionTargetBox="[163,1425,181,1884]" captionTargetId="figure-25@52.[163,1425,181,1884]" captionTargetPageId="52" captionText="FIGURE 28. Oreaster reticulatus (Linnaeus, 1758). (A, B) Specimen in situ (not collected: photo credit: Cláudio Sampaio). Specimen (R 49 mm) (UFBA 468): (C) abactinal and (D) actinal view of body. Adult specimen apprehended by the Brazilian Institute of the Environment and Renewable Natural Resources (IBAMA) (not deposited in a scientific collection because of lack of information): (E) abactinal and (F) actinal view of body. Scale bars: C–D, 20 mm; E–F, 30 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4691146" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4691146/files/figure.png" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Fig. 28E–F</figureCitation>
|
||
). Abactinal plates reticulate, connected by elongated and narrow secondary plates. Abactinal region with granules, large papular pores, and robust tubercles and spines with blunt tips. Madreporite small, subcircular, covered with shallow gyres. Superomarginal plates large, covered by granules and with a tubercle or a short, robust spine. Inferomarginal plates large, confined to actinal surface, covered by granules and with a tubercle; distal plates with a short and robust spine. Actinal surface with tumid plates covered by granules. Interradial actinal area large. Adambulacral plate with 5–6 unequal spines, spines on extremities smallest. One robust subambulacral spine. Oral plates with five pairs of robust, prismatic spines; inner pair shorter and wider than others. Tube feet in two rows, sucking disc with many perforated plates. Bivalve pedicellariae on both surfaces, more numerous in actinal region, never in alveoli.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="777F36F8FF9EFFE7FF0445E27DC0FC12" blockId="51.[151,1437,150,2042]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">
|
||
<emphasis id="45B4EAEAFF9EFFE7FF0445E27E13FCE5" bold="true" box="[199,609,758,784]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">
|
||
Ontogenetic variation (R
|
||
<quantity id="B0389B1DFF9EFFE7FE3D45E27E27FCE5" box="[510,597,758,784]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.9" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" unit="mm" value="49.0">49 mm</quantity>
|
||
).
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
R/r 1.9 (
|
||
<figureCitation id="EFFB2A7DFF9EFFE7FD0F45E27F2AFCE5" box="[716,856,758,784]" captionStart="FIGURE 28" captionStartId="52.[151,250,1908,1932]" captionTargetBox="[163,1425,181,1884]" captionTargetId="figure-25@52.[163,1425,181,1884]" captionTargetPageId="52" captionText="FIGURE 28. Oreaster reticulatus (Linnaeus, 1758). (A, B) Specimen in situ (not collected: photo credit: Cláudio Sampaio). Specimen (R 49 mm) (UFBA 468): (C) abactinal and (D) actinal view of body. Adult specimen apprehended by the Brazilian Institute of the Environment and Renewable Natural Resources (IBAMA) (not deposited in a scientific collection because of lack of information): (E) abactinal and (F) actinal view of body. Scale bars: C–D, 20 mm; E–F, 30 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4691146" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4691146/files/figure.png" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Fig. 28C–D</figureCitation>
|
||
). Some of the abactinal primary plates form an elevated circle from which five rays radiate towards tip of arm (
|
||
<figureCitation id="EFFB2A7DFF9EFFE7FC8E440E7FC6FCC1" box="[845,948,794,820]" captionStart="FIGURE 28" captionStartId="52.[151,250,1908,1932]" captionTargetBox="[163,1425,181,1884]" captionTargetId="figure-25@52.[163,1425,181,1884]" captionTargetPageId="52" captionText="FIGURE 28. Oreaster reticulatus (Linnaeus, 1758). (A, B) Specimen in situ (not collected: photo credit: Cláudio Sampaio). Specimen (R 49 mm) (UFBA 468): (C) abactinal and (D) actinal view of body. Adult specimen apprehended by the Brazilian Institute of the Environment and Renewable Natural Resources (IBAMA) (not deposited in a scientific collection because of lack of information): (E) abactinal and (F) actinal view of body. Scale bars: C–D, 20 mm; E–F, 30 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4691146" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4691146/files/figure.png" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Fig. 28C</figureCitation>
|
||
); this pattern was not observed in the larger specimen. Also, the small specimen has five unequal adambulacral spines (
|
||
<figureCitation id="EFFB2A7DFF9EFFE7FC22442A783BFCAD" box="[993,1097,830,856]" captionStart="FIGURE 29" captionStartId="53.[151,250,1269,1293]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,453,1246]" captionTargetId="figure-158@53.[151,1436,453,1246]" captionTargetPageId="53" captionText="FIGURE 29. Oreaster reticulatus (Linnaeus, 1758). (A) Adult specimen being sold as a souvenir by fisherman in Salvador, Bahia in October 2020 (photo credit: Wagner Magalhães). Specimen (R 49 mm) (UFBA 468): (B–C) abactinal region with granules, papular pores and pedicellaria (black arrow); (D) madreporite; (E) bivalve pedicellaria; (F) superomarginal spine; (G) actinal plates with granules; (H) ambulacral spines; (I) oral region. Scale bars: B–D, F–H, 1 mm; E, 500 μm; I, 2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4691148" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4691148/files/figure.png" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Fig. 29H</figureCitation>
|
||
), being the proximal spine the smallest, and the third and fourth spines the largest, and the inner pair of spines in the oral plate is longer than the adjacent spines (
|
||
<figureCitation id="EFFB2A7DFF9EFFE7FE9144917DC2FC6A" box="[338,432,901,927]" captionStart="FIGURE 29" captionStartId="53.[151,250,1269,1293]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,453,1246]" captionTargetId="figure-158@53.[151,1436,453,1246]" captionTargetPageId="53" captionText="FIGURE 29. Oreaster reticulatus (Linnaeus, 1758). (A) Adult specimen being sold as a souvenir by fisherman in Salvador, Bahia in October 2020 (photo credit: Wagner Magalhães). Specimen (R 49 mm) (UFBA 468): (B–C) abactinal region with granules, papular pores and pedicellaria (black arrow); (D) madreporite; (E) bivalve pedicellaria; (F) superomarginal spine; (G) actinal plates with granules; (H) ambulacral spines; (I) oral region. Scale bars: B–D, F–H, 1 mm; E, 500 μm; I, 2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4691148" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4691148/files/figure.png" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Fig. 29I</figureCitation>
|
||
). Finally, the small specimen has fewer abactinal spines than the largest specimen, which are mostly confined to arms and interradial region (vs. throughout abactinal region), and fewer pedicellariae in the actinal region (
|
||
<figureCitation id="EFFB2A7DFF9EFFE7FE8344D97DD7FC12" box="[320,421,973,999]" captionStart="FIGURE 29" captionStartId="53.[151,250,1269,1293]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,453,1246]" captionTargetId="figure-158@53.[151,1436,453,1246]" captionTargetPageId="53" captionText="FIGURE 29. Oreaster reticulatus (Linnaeus, 1758). (A) Adult specimen being sold as a souvenir by fisherman in Salvador, Bahia in October 2020 (photo credit: Wagner Magalhães). Specimen (R 49 mm) (UFBA 468): (B–C) abactinal region with granules, papular pores and pedicellaria (black arrow); (D) madreporite; (E) bivalve pedicellaria; (F) superomarginal spine; (G) actinal plates with granules; (H) ambulacral spines; (I) oral region. Scale bars: B–D, F–H, 1 mm; E, 500 μm; I, 2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4691148" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4691148/files/figure.png" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Fig. 29E</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="777F36F8FF9EFFE7FF0444E4784BFBDB" blockId="51.[151,1437,150,2042]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">
|
||
<emphasis id="45B4EAEAFF9EFFE7FF0444E47D3DFBFF" bold="true" box="[199,335,1008,1034]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Coloration.</emphasis>
|
||
Specimens
|
||
<emphasis id="45B4EAEAFF9EFFE7FE1944E57E5AFBFF" box="[474,552,1009,1034]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">in vivo</emphasis>
|
||
have beige to orange abactinal surface, beige to yellowish actinal region and sometimes red spots in the margins. Specimens in ethanol are beige to light brown.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="3FDA6573FF9EFFE1FF04432C7885FE58" lastPageId="53" lastPageNumber="54" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="777F36F8FF9EFFE7FF04432C782DFA63" blockId="51.[151,1437,150,2042]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">
|
||
<emphasis id="45B4EAEAFF9EFFE7FF04432C7D13FBA7" bold="true" box="[199,353,1080,1106]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
<collectingCountry id="0FD77668FF9EFFE7FEA9432C7DC5FBA7" box="[362,439,1080,1106]" name="United States of America" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">U.S.A.</collectingCountry>
|
||
(NC, FL), Gulf of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="0FD77668FF9EFFE7FD5F432C7E86FBA7" box="[668,756,1080,1106]" name="Mexico" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Mexico</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="0FD77668FF9EFFE7FCC0432C7F29FBA7" box="[771,859,1080,1106]" name="Mexico" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Mexico</collectingCountry>
|
||
, The
|
||
<collectingCountry id="0FD77668FF9EFFE7FC5D432C784EFBA7" box="[926,1084,1080,1106]" name="Bahamas" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">The Bahamas</collectingCountry>
|
||
, Caribbean Sea,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="0FD77668FF9EFFE7FAC1432C7932FBA7" box="[1282,1344,1080,1106]" name="Cuba" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Cuba</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="0FD77668FF9EFFE7FA8D432C79EAFBA7" box="[1358,1432,1080,1106]" name="Belize" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Belize</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="0FD77668FF9EFFE7FF5443487CA0FB83" box="[151,210,1116,1142]" name="Haiti" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Haiti</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="0FD77668FF9EFFE7FF1C43487DBEFB83" box="[223,460,1116,1142]" name="Dominican Republic" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Dominican Republic</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="0FD77668FF9EFFE7FE1B43487E10FB83" box="[472,610,1116,1142]" name="Puerto Rico" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Puerto Rico</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="0FD77668FF9EFFE7FDAC43487E99FB83" box="[623,747,1116,1142]" name="Guatemala" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Guatemala</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="0FD77668FF9EFFE7FD3443487F15FB83" box="[759,871,1116,1142]" name="Honduras" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Honduras</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="0FD77668FF9EFFE7FCB743487F98FB83" box="[884,1002,1116,1142]" name="Nicaragua" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Nicaragua</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="0FD77668FF9EFFE7FC3543487807FB83" box="[1014,1141,1116,1142]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="0FD77668FF9EFFE7FB41434878ACFB83" box="[1154,1246,1116,1142]" name="Panama" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Panama</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="0FD77668FF9EFFE7FB2943487929FB83" box="[1258,1371,1116,1142]" name="Colombia" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Colombia</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="0FD77668FF9EFFE7FAA443487C93FB6C" name="Venezuela" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="0FD77668FF9EFFE7FF2F43947D34FB6F" box="[236,326,1152,1178]" name="Guyana" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Guyana</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="0FD77668FF9EFFE7FE92436B7DC1FB6C" box="[337,435,1151,1177]" name="Suriname" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Surinam</collectingCountry>
|
||
, Canary Islands,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="0FD77668FF9EFFE7FDB043947E81FB6C" box="[627,755,1151,1178]" name="Cape Verde" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Cape Verde</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="13514B09FF9EFFE7FCC1436B7FFFFB6F" author="Verrill, A. E." box="[770,909,1151,1178]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" pagination="1 - 232" refId="ref64807" refString="Verrill, A. E. (1915) Report on the Starfishes of the West Indies, Florida, and Brazil, Including Those Obtained by the Bahama Expedition from the University of Iowa in 1893. Bulletin of the State of University of Iowa, 7, 1 - 232, 29 pls. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 12035" type="journal article" year="1915">Verrill 1915</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="13514B09FF9EFFE7FC5A4394786BFB6F" author="Caso, M. E." box="[921,1049,1152,1178]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" pagination="237 - 257" refId="ref52122" refString="Caso, M. E. (1944) Estudio sobre asteridos de Mexico. Algunas especies interesantes de asteridos litorales. Anales del Instituto de Biologia Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, 15, 237 - 257." type="journal article" year="1944">Caso, 1944</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="13514B09FF9EFFE7FBE6436B78B4FB6C" author="Ummels, F." box="[1061,1222,1151,1177]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" pagination="72 - 101" refId="ref63781" refString="Ummels, F. (1963) Asteroids from the Netherlands Antilles and other Carribbean localities (Oreasteridae, Ophidiasteridae, Asterinidae and Luidiidae). Studies on the Fauna of Curacao and Other Caribbean Islands, 15, 72 - 101, 3 figs., 9 pls." type="journal article" year="1963">Ummels 1963</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="13514B09FF9EFFE7FB12436B79E5FB6C" author="Walenkamp" box="[1233,1431,1151,1177]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" pagination="1 - 91" refId="ref65071" refString="Walenkamp. J. H. C. (1976) The asteroids of the coastal waters of Surinam. Zoologische Verhandelingen, 147, 1 - 91, 18 pls." type="journal article" year="1976">Walenkamp 1976</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="13514B09FF9EFFE7FF5443B77DD3FB4B" author="Clark, A. M. & Downey, M. E." box="[151,417,1187,1214]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" refId="ref52515" refString="Clark, A. M. & Downey, M. E. (1992) Starfishes of the Atlantic. Chapman and Hall, London, 794 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5860 / choice. 30 - 2659" type="book" year="1992">Clark & Downey 1992</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="13514B09FF9EFFE7FE6D43B77EE2FB4B" author="Hendler, G. & Muller, J. E. & Pawson, D. L. & Kier, P. M." box="[430,656,1187,1214]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" refId="ref56324" refString="Hendler, G., Muller, J. E., Pawson, D. L. & Kier, P. M. (1995) Sea Stars, Sea Urchins and Allies: Echinoderms of Florida and the Caribbean. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, 390 pp." type="book" year="1995">
|
||
Hendler
|
||
<emphasis id="45B4EAEAFF9EFFE7FDD143B07E37FB48" box="[530,581,1187,1213]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 1995
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="13514B09FF9EFFE7FD5D43B07FBBFB4B" author="Guzman, H. M. & Guevara, C. A." box="[670,969,1188,1214]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" pagination="1077 - 1084" refId="ref56151" refString="Guzman, H. M. & Guevara, C. A. (2002) Annual reproductive cycle, spatial distribution, abundance, and size structure of Oreast- er reticulatus (Echinodermata: Asteroidea) in Bocas del Toro, Panama. Marine Biology, 141, 1077 - 1084. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 00227 - 002 - 0898 - 2" type="journal article" year="2002">Guzman & Guevara 2002</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="13514B09FF9EFFE7FC1543B778A0FB4B" author="Entrambasaguas, L." box="[982,1234,1187,1214]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" refId="ref54384" refString="Entrambasaguas, L. (2008) Estudio fauniistico y ecoloigico de los equinodermos del archipieilago de Cabo Verde. Tesis doctoral no publicada, Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, 315 pp." type="book" year="2008">Entrambasaguas 2008</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; Hernandéz
|
||
<emphasis id="45B4EAEAFF9EFFE7FAA143B079E7FB48" box="[1378,1429,1187,1213]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2013;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="13514B09FF9EFFE7FF1D43D37DBEFB17" author="Alvarado, J. J. & Chacon-Monge, J. L. & Solis-Marin, F. A. & Pineda-Enriquez, T. & Caballero-Ochoa, A. A. & Rivera, S. S. & Chaves, R. R." box="[222,460,1223,1250]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" pagination="1" refId="ref49286" refString="Alvarado, J. J., Chacon-Monge, J. L., Solis-Marin, F. A., Pineda-Enriquez, T., Caballero-Ochoa, A. A., Rivera, S. S. & Chaves, R. R. (2017) Equinodermos del Museo de Zoologia de la Universidad de Costa Rica. Revista de Biologia Tropical, Universidad de Costa Rica, 65 (1), S 272 - S 287. https: // doi. org / 10.15517 / rbt. v 65 i 1 - 1.31695" type="journal article" year="2017">
|
||
Alvarado
|
||
<emphasis id="45B4EAEAFF9EFFE7FE8C43DC7DF3FB14" box="[335,385,1223,1249]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2017
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="13514B09FF9EFFE7FE1A43D37EC8FB17" author="Sandino, O. B. & Solis-Marin, F. A. & Caballero-Ochoa, A. A. & Conejeros-Vargas, C. A. & Marquez-Borras, F. & Ayala-Aguilera, A. P. & Laguarda-Figueras, A." box="[473,698,1223,1250]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" pagination="288 - 298" refId="ref62033" refString="Sandino, O. B., Solis-Marin, F. A., Caballero-Ochoa, A. A., Conejeros-Vargas, C. A., Marquez-Borras, F., Ayala-Aguilera, A. P. & Laguarda-Figueras, A. (2017) Equinodermos de Nicaragua: nuevos registros del Pacifico y Caribe Sur. Revista de Biologia Tropical, 65, 288 - 298. https: // doi. org / 10.15517 / rbt. v 65 i 1 - 1.31696" type="journal article" year="2017">
|
||
Sandino
|
||
<emphasis id="45B4EAEAFF9EFFE7FDFE43DC7E02FB14" box="[573,624,1223,1249]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2017
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; Borrero-Peìrez
|
||
<emphasis id="45B4EAEAFF9EFFE7FCB543DC7FDBFB14" box="[886,937,1223,1249]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2019;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="13514B09FF9EFFE7FBC343D378F4FB17" author="Mah, C. L." box="[1024,1158,1223,1250]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" refId="ref58185" refString="Mah, C. L. (2020 a) World Asteroidea Database. Available from: http: // www. marinespecies. org / asteroidea / (accessed 30 April 2020)" type="url" year="2020">Mah 2020a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<collectingCountry id="0FD77668FF9EFFE7FB5A43DC7971FB17" box="[1177,1283,1224,1250]" name="Brazil" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">BRAZIL</collectingCountry>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectingRegion id="B504F81AFF9EFFE7FACE43DC7913FB17" box="[1293,1377,1224,1250]" country="Brazil" name="Amapa" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Amapá</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="B504F81AFF9EFFE7FAAD43DC7C94FAF0" country="Brazil" name="Maranhao" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Maranhão</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="B504F81AFF9EFFE7FF3043F87D45FAF3" box="[243,311,1260,1286]" country="Brazil" name="Ceara" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Ceará</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="B504F81AFF9EFFE7FE8043FF7DE8FAF0" box="[323,410,1259,1285]" country="Brazil" name="Paraiba" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Paraíba</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="B504F81AFF9EFFE7FE6543FF7E47FAF0" box="[422,565,1259,1285]" country="Brazil" name="Pernambuco" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Pernambuco</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="B504F81AFF9EFFE7FD8343FF7EEDFAF0" box="[576,671,1259,1285]" country="Brazil" name="Alagoas" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Alagoas</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="B504F81AFF9EFFE7FD6843FF7E9DFAF0" box="[683,751,1259,1285]" country="Brazil" name="Bahia" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Bahia</collectingRegion>
|
||
, Trindade Island,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="B504F81AFF9EFFE7FC7843FF7811FAF0" box="[955,1123,1259,1285]" country="Brazil" name="Rio de Janeiro" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Rio de Janeiro</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="B504F81AFF9EFFE7FBAC43F87896FAF0" box="[1135,1252,1259,1286]" country="Brazil" name="Sao Paulo" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">São Paulo</collectingRegion>
|
||
, Santa Catarina,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="B504F81AFF9EFFE7FF54421B7D1BFADC" box="[151,361,1295,1321]" country="Brazil" name="Rio Grande do Sul" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Rio Grande do Sul</collectingRegion>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="13514B09FF9EFFE7FEBA421B7E6EFADF" author="Rathbun, R." box="[377,540,1295,1322]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" pagination="139 - 158" refId="ref61517" refString="Rathbun, R. (1879) A list of the Brazilian echinoderms, with notes on their distribution. Transactions of the Connecticut Academy of Arts and Sciences, 5 (3), 139 - 158. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 16126" type="journal article" year="1879">Rathbun 1879</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="13514B09FF9EFFE7FDEB421B7EC0FADF" author="Verrill, A. E." box="[552,690,1295,1322]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" pagination="1 - 232" refId="ref64807" refString="Verrill, A. E. (1915) Report on the Starfishes of the West Indies, Florida, and Brazil, Including Those Obtained by the Bahama Expedition from the University of Iowa in 1893. Bulletin of the State of University of Iowa, 7, 1 - 232, 29 pls. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 12035" type="journal article" year="1915">Verrill 1915</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="13514B09FF9EFFE7FD7E421B7F1AFADF" author="Tommasi, L. R." box="[701,872,1295,1322]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" pagination="1 - 27" refId="ref63273" refString="Tommasi, L. R. (1958) Os equinodermos do litoral de Sao Paulo. II. Diadematidae, Schizasteridae, Brissidae, Cidaroidea (Echinoidea) e Asteroidea do Bentos Costeiro. Contribuicoes avulsas do Instituto Oceanografico, 2, 1 - 27, 6 pls." type="journal article" year="1958">Tommasi 1958</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="13514B09FF9EFFE7FCB042047FDCFADF" author="Tommasi, L. R." box="[883,942,1296,1322]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" pagination="1 - 61" refId="ref63359" refString="Tommasi, L. R. (1970) Lista dos asteroides recentes do Brasil. Contribuicoes Avulsas do Instituto Oceanografico, Universidade de Sao Paulo, 18, 1 - 61, 38 pls." type="journal article" year="1970">1970</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="13514B09FF9EFFE7FC79421B7844FADC" author="Brito, I. M." box="[954,1078,1295,1321]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" pagination="1 - 13" refId="ref51138" refString="Brito, I. M. (1960) Asteroides dos estados do Rio de Janeiro e de Sao Paulo. Universidade do Brasil, Faculdade Nacional de Filosofia, Centro de Estudos Zoologicos, 5, 1 - 13." type="journal article" year="1960">Brito 1960</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="13514B09FF9EFFE7FB81421B780FFADC" author="Brito, I. M." box="[1090,1149,1295,1321]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" pagination="1 - 10" refId="ref51179" refString="Brito, I. M. (1962) Ensaio de catailogo dos equinodermas do Brasil. Universidade do Brasil, Faculdade Nacional de Filosofia, Centro de Estudos Zooloigicos, 13, 1 - 10." type="journal article" year="1962">1962</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="13514B09FF9EFFE7FB4B421B78B1FADC" author="Brito, I. M." box="[1160,1219,1295,1321]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" pagination="1 - 51" refId="ref51216" refString="Brito, I. M. (1968) Asteroiides e equinoiides do Estado da Guanabara e adjace ˆ ncias. Boletim do Museu Nacional, 260, 1 - 51." type="journal article" year="1968">1968</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="13514B09FF9EFFE7FB0C421B79E5FADC" author="Lima-Verde, J. S." box="[1231,1431,1295,1321]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" pagination="9 - 13" refId="ref57515" refString="Lima-Verde, J. S. (1969) Primeira contribuicao ao inventario dos equinodermas do Nordeste brasileiro. Arquivos de Ciencias do Mar, 9 (1), 9 - 13." type="journal article" year="1969">Lima-Verde 1969</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="13514B09FF9EFFE7FF5442277D2FFAB8" author="Walenkamp" box="[151,349,1331,1357]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" pagination="1 - 91" refId="ref65071" refString="Walenkamp. J. H. C. (1976) The asteroids of the coastal waters of Surinam. Zoologische Verhandelingen, 147, 1 - 91, 18 pls." type="journal article" year="1976">Walenkamp 1976</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="13514B09FF9EFFE7FEAB42277E2BFABB" author="Fernandes, M. L. B. & Tommasi, L. R. & Lima, E. J. B." box="[360,601,1331,1358]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" refId="ref54572" refString="Fernandes, M. L. B., Tommasi, L. R. & Lima, E. J. B. (2002) Filo Echinodermata de Pernambuco. In: Tabarelli, M. & Silva, J. M. C. (Eds.), Diagnostico da Biodiversidade de Pernambuco. Vol. 2. Massangana, Recife, pp. 405 - 427." type="book" year="2002">
|
||
Fernandes
|
||
<emphasis id="45B4EAEAFF9EFFE7FE2342207E65FAB8" box="[480,535,1331,1357]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2002
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="13514B09FF9EFFE7FDA142277F2BFABB" author="Magalhaes, W. F. & Martins, L. R. & Alves, O. F. S." box="[610,857,1331,1358]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" pagination="61 - 65" refId="ref57949" refString="Magalhaes, W. F., Martins, L. R. & Alves, O. F. S. (2005) Inventario dos Echinodermata do estado da Bahia. Brazilian Journal of Aquatic Science and Technology, 9 (1), 61 - 65. https: // doi. org / 10.14210 / bjast. v 9 n 1. p 61 - 65" type="journal article" year="2005">
|
||
Magalhães
|
||
<emphasis id="45B4EAEAFF9EFFE7FD2242207F6AFAB8" box="[737,792,1331,1357]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2005
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="13514B09FF9EFFE7FCA042207845FABB" author="Ventura, C. R. R. & Verissimo, I. & Nobre, C. C. & Zama, P. C." box="[867,1079,1331,1358]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" pagination="258" refId="ref63988" refString="Ventura, C. R. R., Verissimo, I., Nobre, C. C. & Zama, P. C. (2007) Filo Echinodermata. In: Lavrado, H. P. & Viana, M. S. (Eds.), Atlas de invertebrados marinhos da regiao central da Zona Economica Exclusiva brasileira. Parte 1. Museu Nacional do Rio de Janeiro, Serie Livros 25. Museu Nacional do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, pp. 258." type="book chapter" year="2007">
|
||
Ventura
|
||
<emphasis id="45B4EAEAFF9EFFE7FC0342207F82FAB8" box="[960,1008,1331,1357]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2007
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; Magris & Deìstro 2010;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="13514B09FF9EFFE7FA9342277CA1FA87" author="Xavier, L. A. R." pageId="51" pageNumber="52" pagination="73 - 78" refId="ref65413" refString="Xavier, L. A. R. (2010) Inventario dos equinodermos do Estado de Santa Catarina, Brasil. Brazilian Journal of Aquatic Science and Technology, 14, 73 - 78. https: // doi. org / 10.14210 / bjast. v 14 n 2. p 73 - 78" type="journal article" year="2010">Xavier 2010</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="13514B09FF9EFFE7FF1C42437DB0FA87" author="Miranda, A. L. S. & Lima, M. L. F. & Sovierzoski, H. H. & Correia, M. D." box="[223,450,1367,1394]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" pagination="135 - 146" refId="ref59386" refString="Miranda, A. L. S., Lima, M. L. F., Sovierzoski, H. H. & Correia, M. D. (2012) Inventory of the Echinodermata collection from the Universidade Federal de Alagoas. Biota Neotropica, 12 (2), 135 - 146. https: // doi. org / 10.1590 / S 1676 - 06032012000200014" type="journal article" year="2012">
|
||
Miranda
|
||
<emphasis id="45B4EAEAFF9EFFE7FE85424C7D0AFA84" box="[326,376,1367,1393]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2012
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="13514B09FF9EFFE7FE0D42437EDCFA87" author="Gondim, A. & Christoffersen, M. & Dias, T." box="[462,686,1367,1394]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" pagination="1 - 56" refId="ref55654" refString="Gondim, A., Christoffersen, M. & Dias, T. (2014) Taxonomic guide and historical review of starfishes in northeastern Brazil (Echinodermata, Asteroidea). ZooKeys, 449, 1 - 56. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / zookeys. 449.6813" type="journal article" year="2014">
|
||
Gondim
|
||
<emphasis id="45B4EAEAFF9EFFE7FDF1424C7E16FA84" box="[562,612,1367,1393]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2014
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="13514B09FF9EFFE7FD79424C7FC9FA87" author="Souto, C. & Martins, L." box="[698,955,1367,1394]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" refId="ref62639" refString="Souto, C. & Martins, L. (2017) Os equinodermos. In: Nunes, J. M. C. & Matos, M. R. B. (Eds.), Litoral Norte da Bahia: caracterizacao ambiental, biodiversidade e conservacao. Vol. 1. EDUFBA, Salvador, pp. 303 - 315." type="book" year="2017">Souto & Martins 2017</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="13514B09FF9EFFE7FC05424378AFFA87" author="Agostini, V. O. & Ozorio, C. P." box="[966,1245,1367,1394]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" pagination="26 - 48" refId="ref48996" refString="Agostini, V. O. & Ozorio, C. P. (2018) Caracterizacao da macrofauna de substratos consolidados do Litoral Norte do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. Arquivos de Ciencias do Mar, 51 (1), 26 - 48. https: // doi. org / 10.32360 / acmar. v 51 i 1.31293" type="journal article" year="2018">Agostini & Ozorio 2018</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="13514B09FF9EFFE7FB2A424C7CA0FA63" author="Torres, V. S. & Torres, F. S. S." pageId="51" pageNumber="52" pagination="408 - 422" refId="ref63583" refString="Torres, V. S. & Torres, F. S. S. (2019) Inventario preliminar dos invertebrados marinhos observados na praia da Pinheira, Palhoca, SC, Brasil. UNISANTA Bioscience, 8 (4), 408 - 422." type="journal article" year="2019">Torres & Torres 2019</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="13514B09FF9EFFE7FF1D426F7DD8FA63" author="Cunha, R. & Tavares, M. & Mendonca, J. B." box="[222,426,1403,1430]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" pagination="31 - 56" refId="ref53334" refString="Cunha, R., Tavares, M. & Mendonca, J. B. (2020) Asteroidea (Echinodermata) from shallow-waters of the remote oceanic archipelago Trindade and Martin Vaz, southeastern Atlantic, with taxonomic and zoogeographical notes. Zootaxa, 4742 (1), 31 - 56. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4742.1.2" type="journal article" year="2020">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="0FD77668FF9EFFE7FF1D426F7D55FA60" box="[222,295,1403,1429]" name="Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Cunha</collectingCountry>
|
||
<emphasis id="45B4EAEAFF9EFFE7FEED42687D14FA60" box="[302,358,1403,1429]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2020
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<emphasis id="45B4EAEAFF9EFFE7FE7F42687E7FFA63" bold="true" box="[444,525,1404,1430]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Depth.</emphasis>
|
||
<quantity id="B0389B1DFF9EFFE7FDD0426F7E1AFA63" box="[531,616,1403,1430]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.8" metricValueMax="7.6" metricValueMin="0.0" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" unit="m" value="38.0" valueMax="76.0" valueMin="0.0">0–76 m</quantity>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="13514B09FF9EFFE7FDB4426F7F09FA63" author="Clark, A. M. & Downey, M. E." box="[631,891,1403,1430]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" refId="ref52515" refString="Clark, A. M. & Downey, M. E. (1992) Starfishes of the Atlantic. Chapman and Hall, London, 794 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5860 / choice. 30 - 2659" type="book" year="1992">Clark & Downey 1992</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="13514B09FF9EFFE7FC44426F7821FA63" author="Cunha, R. & Tavares, M. & Mendonca, J. B." box="[903,1107,1403,1430]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" pagination="31 - 56" refId="ref53334" refString="Cunha, R., Tavares, M. & Mendonca, J. B. (2020) Asteroidea (Echinodermata) from shallow-waters of the remote oceanic archipelago Trindade and Martin Vaz, southeastern Atlantic, with taxonomic and zoogeographical notes. Zootaxa, 4742 (1), 31 - 56. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4742.1.2" type="journal article" year="2020">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="0FD77668FF9EFFE7FC44426F7FA2FA60" box="[903,976,1403,1429]" name="Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Cunha</collectingCountry>
|
||
<emphasis id="45B4EAEAFF9EFFE7FC1442687862FA60" box="[983,1040,1403,1429]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2020
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="777F36F8FF9EFFE7FF04428B7EA0F8D7" blockId="51.[151,1437,150,2042]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">
|
||
<emphasis id="45B4EAEAFF9EFFE7FF04428B7DFFFA4F" bold="true" box="[199,397,1439,1466]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Biological notes.</emphasis>
|
||
In Bahia, this species is found in protected, shallow waters, often in sandy bottoms with coarse sediment (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="13514B09FF9EFFE7FE9942D07E59FA2B" author="Manso, C. L. C. & Alves, O. F. S. & Martins, L. R." box="[346,555,1475,1502]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" pagination="179 - 196" refId="ref58661" refString="Manso, C. L. C., Alves, O. F. S. & Martins, L. R. (2008) Echinodermata da Baia de Todos os Santos e da Baia de Aratu (Bahia, Brasil). Biota Neotropica, 8 (3), 179 - 196. https: // doi. org / 10.1590 / S 1676 - 06032008000300017" type="journal article" year="2008">
|
||
Manso
|
||
<emphasis id="45B4EAEAFF9EFFE7FE6C42D07D9AFA28" box="[431,488,1475,1501]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2008
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B0C04D7BFF9EFFE7FDFD42D07F6DFA28" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[574,799,1475,1502]" class="Asteroidea" family="Oreasteridae" genus="Oreaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="reticulatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="45B4EAEAFF9EFFE7FDFD42D07F6DFA28" box="[574,799,1475,1502]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Oreaster reticulatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
used to be abundant in shallow waters (intertidal up to
|
||
<quantity id="B0389B1DFF9EFFE7FA4D42D77CC2F9F7" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" unit="m" value="5.0">5 m</quantity>
|
||
), but locals have reported population declines over the last 40 years; currently, this species is rare and found only in deeper regions. In addition to habitat degradation, especially because of urbanization, this population is affected by human exploitation, as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B0C04D7BFF9EFFE7FE0241247E29F9BC" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[449,603,1583,1610]" class="Asteroidea" family="Oreasteridae" genus="Oreaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="reticulatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="45B4EAEAFF9EFFE7FE0241247E29F9BC" box="[449,603,1583,1610]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">O. reticulatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is commonly sold as souvenirs in tourist shops throughout the country. In
|
||
<date id="037E1038FF9EFFE7FF5441477D23F99B" box="[151,337,1619,1646]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" value="2008-11">November 2008</date>
|
||
, for example, the Brazilian Institute of the Environment and Renewable Natural Resources (IB- AMA) brought in 15–
|
||
<specimenCount id="61C6FD71FF9EFFE7FE4F41637E54F964" box="[396,550,1655,1682]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" type="generic">20 specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="EFFB2A7DFF9EFFE7FDF741637ECEF967" box="[564,700,1655,1682]" captionStart="FIGURE 28" captionStartId="52.[151,250,1908,1932]" captionTargetBox="[163,1425,181,1884]" captionTargetId="figure-25@52.[163,1425,181,1884]" captionTargetPageId="52" captionText="FIGURE 28. Oreaster reticulatus (Linnaeus, 1758). (A, B) Specimen in situ (not collected: photo credit: Cláudio Sampaio). Specimen (R 49 mm) (UFBA 468): (C) abactinal and (D) actinal view of body. Adult specimen apprehended by the Brazilian Institute of the Environment and Renewable Natural Resources (IBAMA) (not deposited in a scientific collection because of lack of information): (E) abactinal and (F) actinal view of body. Scale bars: C–D, 20 mm; E–F, 30 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4691146" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4691146/files/figure.png" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Fig. 28 E–F</figureCitation>
|
||
) of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B0C04D7BFF9EFFE7FD2A416C7FF0F964" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[745,898,1655,1682]" class="Asteroidea" family="Oreasteridae" genus="Oreaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="reticulatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="45B4EAEAFF9EFFE7FD2A416C7FF0F964" box="[745,898,1655,1682]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">O. reticulatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
that they apprehended, to be identified (unpubl. data).
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="13514B09FF9EFFE7FF1C418F7DA4F943" author="Pinheiro, F. C. F. & Pinheiro, H. C. & Costa, T. J. & Teixeira, J. B. & Gasparini, J. L. & Joyeux, J. C. & Martins, A. S." box="[223,470,1691,1718]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" pagination="78 - 81" refId="ref61157" refString="Pinheiro, F. C. F., Pinheiro, H. C., Costa, T. J. F, Teixeira, J. B., Gasparini, J. L., Joyeux, J. C. & Martins, A. S. (2018) Harvest of endangered marine invertebrates in a priority area for conservation in Brazil. Nature Conservation Research, 3 (4), 78 - 81. https: // doi. org / 10.24189 / ncr. 2018.050" type="journal article" year="2018">
|
||
Pinheiro
|
||
<emphasis id="45B4EAEAFF9EFFE7FE8B41887D09F940" box="[328,379,1691,1717]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (2018)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
reported the intense harvesting of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B0C04D7BFF9EFFE7FCAA41887876F940" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[873,1028,1691,1718]" class="Asteroidea" family="Oreasteridae" genus="Oreaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="reticulatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="45B4EAEAFF9EFFE7FCAA41887876F940" box="[873,1028,1691,1718]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">O. reticulatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in Espírito Santo, Bahia’s southern neighboring state, with commercial purposes. According to them, specimens are sold by fishermen for
|
||
<collectingCountry id="0FD77668FF9EFFE7FAE941D5793DF929" box="[1322,1359,1729,1756]" name="United States of America" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">US</collectingCountry>
|
||
$ 0.50. In Salvador, Bahia, illegally collected specimens have been sold at beaches for
|
||
<collectingCountry id="0FD77668FF9EFFE7FBC841F17842F8F5" box="[1035,1072,1765,1792]" name="United States of America" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">US</collectingCountry>
|
||
$ 21 (ca. R$120,00) (data from a fisherman interviewed in
|
||
<date id="037E1038FF9EFFE7FE7540137E21F8D7" box="[438,595,1799,1826]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" value="2020-10">October 2020</date>
|
||
;
|
||
<figureCitation id="EFFB2A7DFF9EFFE7FD9D40137EB4F8D7" box="[606,710,1799,1826]" captionStart="FIGURE 29" captionStartId="53.[151,250,1269,1293]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,453,1246]" captionTargetId="figure-158@53.[151,1436,453,1246]" captionTargetPageId="53" captionText="FIGURE 29. Oreaster reticulatus (Linnaeus, 1758). (A) Adult specimen being sold as a souvenir by fisherman in Salvador, Bahia in October 2020 (photo credit: Wagner Magalhães). Specimen (R 49 mm) (UFBA 468): (B–C) abactinal region with granules, papular pores and pedicellaria (black arrow); (D) madreporite; (E) bivalve pedicellaria; (F) superomarginal spine; (G) actinal plates with granules; (H) ambulacral spines; (I) oral region. Scale bars: B–D, F–H, 1 mm; E, 500 μm; I, 2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4691148" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4691148/files/figure.png" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Fig. 29A</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="777F36F8FF9EFFE7FF04403F7F13F80C" blockId="51.[151,1437,150,2042]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">
|
||
This species is also used in religious rituals (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="13514B09FF9EFFE7FD76403F7FE2F8B3" author="Alves, R. N. & Dias, T. L. P." box="[693,912,1835,1862]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" pagination="159 - 174" refId="ref49512" refString="Alves, R. N. & Dias, T. L. P. (2010) Uso de invertebrados na medicina popular no Brasil e suas implicacoes para conservacao. Tropical Conservation Science, 3 (2), 159 - 174. https: // doi. org / 10.1177 / 194008291000300204" type="journal article" year="2010">Alves & Dias 2010</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="13514B09FF9EFFE7FC59403878E5F8B3" author="Souto, C. & Martins, L." box="[922,1175,1835,1862]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" refId="ref62639" refString="Souto, C. & Martins, L. (2017) Os equinodermos. In: Nunes, J. M. C. & Matos, M. R. B. (Eds.), Litoral Norte da Bahia: caracterizacao ambiental, biodiversidade e conservacao. Vol. 1. EDUFBA, Salvador, pp. 303 - 315." type="book" year="2017">Souto & Martins 2017</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), in ornamental aquaria (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="13514B09FF9EFFE7FF5C405B7D0EF89F" author="Martins, L. & Souto, C. & Magalhaes, W. F. & Alves, O. F. S. & Rosa, I. L. & Sampaio, C. L. S." box="[159,380,1871,1898]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" pagination="53 - 59" refId="ref58862" refString="Martins, L., Souto, C., Magalhaes, W. F., Alves, O. F. S., Rosa, I. L. & Sampaio, C. L. S. (2012) Echinoderm harvesting in Todosos-Santos Bay, Bahia State, Brazil: the aquarium trade. Sitientibus serie Ciencias Biologicas, 12 (1), 53 - 59. https: // doi. org / 10.13102 / scb 123" type="journal article" year="2012">
|
||
Martins
|
||
<emphasis id="45B4EAEAFF9EFFE7FEC340447D41F89C" box="[256,307,1871,1897]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2012
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and as medicine to treat asthma, cold and tiredness (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="13514B09FF9EFFE7FC23405B78B7F89F" author="Alves, R. R. N. & Rosa, I. L." box="[992,1221,1871,1898]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" pagination="1 - 9" refId="ref49623" refString="Alves, R. R. N. & Rosa, I. L. (2007) Biodiversity, traditional medicine and public health: where do they meet? Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine, 3, 1 - 9. https: // doi. org / 10.1186 / 1746 - 4269 - 3 - 14" type="journal article" year="2007">Alves & Rosa 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="13514B09FF9EFFE7FB12405B79E5F89F" author="Alves, R. N. & Neto, N. L. & Brooks, S. E. & Albuquerque, U. P." box="[1233,1431,1871,1898]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" pagination="600 - 608" refId="ref49443" refString="Alves, R. N., Neto, N. L., Brooks, S. E. & Albuquerque, U. P. (2009) Commercialization of animal-derived remedies as complementary medicine in the semi-arid region of Northeastern Brazil. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 124, 600 - 608. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. jep. 2009.04.049" type="journal article" year="2009">
|
||
Alves
|
||
<emphasis id="45B4EAEAFF9EFFE7FAD84044793FF89C" box="[1307,1357,1871,1897]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2009
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="13514B09FF9EFFE7FF5440677D0BF87B" author="Alves, R. N. & Dias, T. L. P." box="[151,377,1907,1934]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" pagination="159 - 174" refId="ref49512" refString="Alves, R. N. & Dias, T. L. P. (2010) Uso de invertebrados na medicina popular no Brasil e suas implicacoes para conservacao. Tropical Conservation Science, 3 (2), 159 - 174. https: // doi. org / 10.1177 / 194008291000300204" type="journal article" year="2010">Alves & Dias 2010</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="13514B09FF9EFFE7FE4740677E03F87B" author="Alves R. R. & Alves H. N." box="[388,625,1907,1934]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" pagination="1746 - 4269" refId="ref49567" refString="Alves R. R. & Alves H. N. (2011) The faunal drugstore: animal-based remedies used in traditional medicines in Latin America. Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine, 10, 1746 - 4269. https: // doi. org / 10.1186 / 1746 - 4269 - 7 - 9" type="journal article" year="2011">Alves & Alves 2011</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="13514B09FF9EFFE7FDBC40677F72F87B" author="Lima, R. J. P." box="[639,768,1907,1934]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" refId="ref57467" refString="Lima, R. J. P. (2018) Uso de Zooterapicos na Zona Rural do Municipio de Jacana, Semiarido Potiguar. Unpublished Honors Thesis, Instituto Federal de Educacao, Ciencia e Tecnologia da Paraiba, Joao Pessoa, Paraiba, 34 pp." type="book" year="2018">
|
||
<collectingRegion id="B504F81AFF9EFFE7FDBC40677EC8F878" box="[639,698,1907,1933]" country="Peru" name="Lima" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Lima</collectingRegion>
|
||
2018
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). However, the impact of these activities on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B0C04D7BFF9EFFE7FAC2406079EFF878" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[1281,1437,1907,1934]" class="Asteroidea" family="Oreasteridae" genus="Oreaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="reticulatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="45B4EAEAFF9EFFE7FAC2406079EFF878" box="[1281,1437,1907,1934]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">O. reticulatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
populations has not been studied and it is assumed to be low if compared to the commercial harvesting of this species.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="13514B09FF9EFFE7FF1340A87DDCF823" author="Franco, O. P. & Patino, G. S. & Ortiz, A. A." box="[208,430,1979,2006]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" pagination="329 - 337" refId="ref55282" refString="Franco, O. P., Patino, G. S. & Ortiz, A. A. (2015) Actividad antibacteriana y antifungica de la estrella de mar Oreaster reticulatus (Valvatida: Oreasteridae) y de los erizos de mar Mellita quinquiesperforata (Clypeasteroida: Mellitidae) y Diadema antillarum (Diadematoida: Diadematidae) del Caribe Colombiano. Revista de Biologia Tropical, 63, 329 - 337." type="journal article" year="2015">
|
||
Franco
|
||
<emphasis id="45B4EAEAFF9EFFE7FEE640A87D24F820" box="[293,342,1979,2005]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (2015)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
reported that extracts of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B0C04D7BFF9EFFE7FD0640A87F2CF820" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[709,862,1979,2006]" class="Asteroidea" family="Oreasteridae" genus="Oreaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="reticulatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="45B4EAEAFF9EFFE7FD0640A87F2CF820" box="[709,862,1979,2006]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">O. reticulatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
contain compounds capable of inhibiting the activity of the bacteria
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B0C04D7BFF9EFFE7FEA040CB7E11F80C" box="[355,611,2015,2041]" class="Bacilli" family="Staphylococcaceae" genus="Staphylococcus" kingdom="Bacteria" order="Bacillales" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" phylum="Firmicutes" rank="species" species="aureus">
|
||
<emphasis id="45B4EAEAFF9EFFE7FEA040CB7E11F80C" box="[355,611,2015,2041]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Staphylococcus aureus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
at low concentrations.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="23BF6670FF99FFE0FF54406078DFF80D" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4691146" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4691146" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4691146/files/figure.png" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" startId="52.[151,250,1908,1932]" targetBox="[163,1425,181,1884]" targetPageId="52">
|
||
<paragraph id="777F36F8FF99FFE0FF54406078DFF80D" blockId="52.[151,1437,1908,2041]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
|
||
<emphasis id="45B4EAEAFF99FFE0FF5440607D53F878" bold="true" box="[151,289,1908,1933]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">FIGURE 28.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B0C04D7BFF99FFE0FEEA40617EDDF878" authority="(Linnaeus, 1758)" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[297,687,1909,1933]" class="Asteroidea" family="Oreasteridae" genus="Oreaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="reticulatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="45B4EAEAFF99FFE0FEEA40617D87F878" box="[297,501,1909,1933]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Oreaster reticulatus</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="13514B09FF99FFE0FDC740617EDAF878" author="Linnaeus, C." box="[516,680,1909,1933]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" refId="ref57549" refString="Linnaeus, C. (1758) Systema Naturae. Impensis Direct, Laurentii Salvii, Holmiae, 824 pp." type="book" year="1758">Linnaeus, 1758</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. (A, B) Specimen
|
||
<emphasis id="45B4EAEAFF99FFE0FCB340617FC2F879" box="[880,944,1909,1932]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">in situ</emphasis>
|
||
(not collected: photo credit: Cláudio Sampaio). Specimen (R 49 mm) (UFBA 468): (C) abactinal and (D) actinal view of body. Adult specimen apprehended by the Brazilian Institute of the Environment and Renewable Natural Resources (IBAMA) (not deposited in a scientific collection because of lack of information): (E) abactinal and (F) actinal view of body. Scale bars: C–D, 20 mm; E–F, 30 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="777F36F8FF98FFE1FF0447837885FE58" blockId="53.[151,1437,151,429]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B0C04D7BFF98FFE1FF0447837DD9FF44" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[199,427,151,177]" class="Asteroidea" family="Oreasteridae" genus="Oreaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="reticulatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="45B4EAEAFF98FFE1FF0447837DD9FF44" box="[199,427,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Oreaster reticulatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is classified as “Vulnerable” (baseline data indicates that the population size has been reduced by at least 30% as a result of habitat degradation, exploitation and/or introduction of invasive species) by the Ministry of the Environment (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="13514B09FF98FFE1FDDD47CB7EC6FF0C" author="MMA & Ministerio do Meio Ambiente" box="[542,692,223,249]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" refId="ref59554" refString="MMA (Ministerio do Meio Ambiente) (2018) Livro Vermelho da Fauna Brasileira Ameacada de Extincao: Invertebrados. IC- MBio / MMA, Brasilia, 727 pp." type="book" year="2018">MMA, 2018</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). This assessment was performed before the devastating oil spill recorded in the Brazilian coast in 2019, which may have a strong impact in the coastal populations of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B0C04D7BFF98FFE1FAC746177DBFFEB4" authority="(Magris & Giarrizzo 2020)" baseAuthorityName="Magris & Giarrizzo" baseAuthorityYear="2020" class="Asteroidea" family="Oreasteridae" genus="Oreaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="reticulatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="45B4EAEAFF98FFE1FAC7461779EEFEE8" box="[1284,1436,259,285]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">O. reticulatus</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="13514B09FF98FFE1FF5C46337DB7FEB4" author="Magris, R. & Giarrizzo, T." box="[159,453,295,321]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" pagination="1 - 3" refId="ref58081" refString="Magris, R. A & Giarrizzo, T. (2020) Mysterious oil spill in the Atlantic Ocean threatens marine biodiversity and local people in Brazil. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 153, 1 - 3. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. marpolbul. 2020.110961" type="journal article" year="2020">Magris & Giarrizzo 2020</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. According to
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="13514B09FF98FFE1FDB546337FFEFEB4" author="Gurjao, L. M. & Lotufo, T. M. C." box="[630,908,295,321]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" pagination="20170387" refId="ref56095" refString="Gurjao, L. M. & Lotufo, T. M. C. (2018) Native species exploited by marine aquarium trade in Brazil. Biota Neotropica, 18 (3), e 20170387. https: // doi. org / 10.1590 / 1676 - 0611 - bn- 2017 - 0387" type="journal article" year="2018">Gurjão & Lotufo (2018)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, the harvesting of this species in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="0FD77668FF98FFE1FACB4633793EFEB4" box="[1288,1356,295,321]" name="Brazil" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
is currently prohibited. Using models,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="13514B09FF98FFE1FDC9465F7F13FE90" author="Patrizzi, N. & Dobrovolski, R." box="[522,865,331,357]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" pagination="177 - 188" refId="ref60302" refString="Patrizzi, N. & Dobrovolski, R. (2018) Integrating climate change and human impacts into marine spatial planning: a case study of threatened starfish species in Brazil. Ocean & Coastal Management, 161, 177 - 188. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. ocecoaman. 2018.05.003" type="journal article" year="2018">Patrizzi & Dobrovolski (2018)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
predicted that the habitable range of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B0C04D7BFF98FFE1FAC0465F79EFFE90" baseAuthorityName="Magris & Giarrizzo" baseAuthorityYear="2020" box="[1283,1437,331,357]" class="Asteroidea" family="Oreasteridae" genus="Oreaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="reticulatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="45B4EAEAFF98FFE1FAC0465F79EFFE90" box="[1283,1437,331,357]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">O. reticulatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
may have a 7–16-fold expansion under higher atmospheric CO
|
||
<subScript id="EB4434BDFF98FFE1FC9B46957F12FE7A" attach="left" box="[856,864,385,399]" fontSize="6" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">2</subScript>
|
||
concentrations. The effect of this expansion on the local communities is unknown, but it is likely to cause negative trophic impact (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="13514B09FF98FFE1FBD446877899FE58" author="Kordas, R. L. & Harley, C. D. G. & O'Connor, M. I." box="[1047,1259,403,429]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" pagination="218 - 226" refId="ref56904" refString="Kordas, R. L., Harley, C. D. G. & O'Connor, M. I. (2011) Community ecology in warming world: the influence of temperature on interspecific interactions in marine systems. Journal of Experimental Biology and Ecology, 400, 218 - 226. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. jembe. 2011.02.029" type="journal article" year="2011">
|
||
Kordas
|
||
<emphasis id="45B4EAEAFF98FFE1FBB3468778D0FE58" box="[1136,1186,403,429]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2011
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="23BF6670FF98FFE1FF5443E17930FA8C" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4691148" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4691148" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4691148/files/figure.png" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" startId="53.[151,250,1269,1293]" targetBox="[151,1436,453,1246]" targetPageId="53">
|
||
<paragraph id="777F36F8FF98FFE1FF5443E17930FA8C" blockId="53.[151,1437,1269,1402]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">
|
||
<emphasis id="45B4EAEAFF98FFE1FF5443E17D50FAF8" bold="true" box="[151,290,1269,1293]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">FIGURE 29.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B0C04D7BFF98FFE1FEE943E27EC3FAF8" authority="(Linnaeus, 1758)" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[298,689,1269,1294]" class="Asteroidea" family="Oreasteridae" genus="Oreaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="reticulatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="45B4EAEAFF98FFE1FEE943E27D84FAFB" box="[298,502,1270,1294]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Oreaster reticulatus</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="13514B09FF98FFE1FDC643E27EDBFAF8" author="Linnaeus, C." box="[517,681,1269,1294]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" refId="ref57549" refString="Linnaeus, C. (1758) Systema Naturae. Impensis Direct, Laurentii Salvii, Holmiae, 824 pp." type="book" year="1758">Linnaeus, 1758</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. (A) Adult specimen being sold as a souvenir by fisherman in Salvador, Bahia in October 2020 (photo credit: Wagner Magalhães). Specimen (R 49 mm) (UFBA 468): (B–C) abactinal region with granules, papular pores and pedicellaria (black arrow); (D) madreporite; (E) bivalve pedicellaria; (F) superomarginal spine; (G) actinal plates with granules; (H) ambulacral spines; (I) oral region. Scale bars: B–D, F–H, 1 mm; E, 500 μm; I, 2 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="3FDA6573FF98FFE1FF0442BC781EFA13" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="777F36F8FF98FFE1FF0442BC78E3FA37" blockId="53.[151,1437,1447,2014]" box="[199,1169,1447,1474]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="C7A83CA5FF98FFE1FF0442BC78E3FA37" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3080394319" box="[199,1169,1447,1474]" collectionCode="ZMUC" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" specimenCode="NHMD 76271, AST 104" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||
<emphasis id="45B4EAEAFF98FFE1FF0442BC7D49FA37" bold="true" box="[199,315,1448,1474]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">
|
||
<typeStatus id="A87B885AFF98FFE1FF0442BC7D44FA37" box="[199,310,1448,1474]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<specimenCode id="27669E83FF98FFE1FE8142BC7D97FA37" box="[322,485,1448,1474]" collectionCode="NHMD" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">NHMD 76271</specimenCode>
|
||
[previously as
|
||
<collectionCode id="11D1AE3DFF98FFE1FD5342BC7E93FA37" box="[656,737,1448,1474]" country="Denmark" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/mci8-ehqk" name="Zoological Museum, University of Copenhagen" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">ZMUC</collectionCode>
|
||
<specimenCode id="27669E83FF98FFE1FD2442BC7F3CFA37" box="[743,846,1447,1474]" collectionCode="ZMUC" country="Denmark" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/mci8-ehqk" name="Zoological Museum, University of Copenhagen" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">AST 104</specimenCode>
|
||
] (Tom Schiøtte, per. comm).
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="777F36F8FF98FFE1FF0442D8781EFA13" blockId="53.[151,1437,1447,2014]" box="[199,1132,1484,1511]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">
|
||
<emphasis id="45B4EAEAFF98FFE1FF0442D87D14FA13" bold="true" box="[199,358,1484,1510]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Type locality.</emphasis>
|
||
East Caribbean (as Spanish West Indies) (Tom Schiøtte, per. comm).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="3FDA6573FF98FFE2FF0442E47E32FE91" lastPageId="54" lastPageNumber="55" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="777F36F8FF98FFE1FF0442E479F3F917" blockId="53.[151,1437,1447,2014]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">
|
||
<emphasis id="45B4EAEAFF98FFE1FF0442E47D49F9FF" bold="true" box="[199,315,1520,1546]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
The specimens examined here as comparative material (R
|
||
<quantity id="B0389B1DFF98FFE1FC2A42E478F0F9FF" box="[1001,1154,1520,1546]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" metricValueMax="1.4" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" unit="mm" value="120.0" valueMax="140.0" valueMin="100.0">100–140 mm</quantity>
|
||
) have 5–7 adambulacral spines (vs. five in the specimen from
|
||
<collectingRegion id="B504F81AFF98FFE1FD8341007EF6F9DB" box="[576,644,1556,1582]" country="Brazil" name="Bahia" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Bahia</collectingRegion>
|
||
, R
|
||
<quantity id="B0389B1DFF98FFE1FD6841007E8EF9DB" box="[683,764,1556,1582]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.9" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" unit="mm" value="49.0">49 mm</quantity>
|
||
) and the largest specimens (R
|
||
<quantity id="B0389B1DFF98FFE1FB944100789CF9DB" box="[1111,1262,1556,1582]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.35" metricValueMax="1.4" metricValueMin="1.3" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" unit="mm" value="135.0" valueMax="140.0" valueMin="130.0">130–140 mm</quantity>
|
||
) have two subambulacral spines (vs. one in specimens R
|
||
<quantity id="B0389B1DFF98FFE1FD40412C7F7DF9A7" box="[643,783,1592,1619]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.7" metricValueMax="10.5" metricValueMin="4.9" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" unit="mm" value="77.0" valueMax="105.0" valueMin="49.0">49–105 mm</quantity>
|
||
).
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="13514B09FF98FFE1FCE7412C7867F9A7" author="Gondim, A. & Christoffersen, M. & Dias, T." box="[804,1045,1592,1618]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" pagination="1 - 56" refId="ref55654" refString="Gondim, A., Christoffersen, M. & Dias, T. (2014) Taxonomic guide and historical review of starfishes in northeastern Brazil (Echinodermata, Asteroidea). ZooKeys, 449, 1 - 56. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / zookeys. 449.6813" type="journal article" year="2014">
|
||
Gondim
|
||
<emphasis id="45B4EAEAFF98FFE1FC4B412D7FC8F9A7" box="[904,954,1592,1618]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (2014)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
found 5–6 adambulacral spines in specimens ranging from R
|
||
<quantity id="B0389B1DFF98FFE1FE0041487E39F983" box="[451,587,1628,1655]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.35" metricValueMax="13.6" metricValueMin="5.1" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" unit="mm" value="93.5" valueMax="136.0" valueMin="51.0">51–136 mm</quantity>
|
||
, but they did not report if the largest specimens had six spines or if there was no trend in this variation. Also, in specimens with R
|
||
<quantity id="B0389B1DFF98FFE1FD2841947FF0F96F" box="[747,898,1664,1690]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" metricValueMax="1.4" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" unit="mm" value="120.0" valueMax="140.0" valueMin="100.0">100–140 mm</quantity>
|
||
, the abactinal and actinal spines are equally developed; however, in the specimen described here, the actinal spines are less developed. Finally, the large specimens do not display the pattern (i.e. elevated circle with rays) observed in the abactinal surface of the small specimen.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="777F36F8FF98FFE1FF0441F87D7AF82B" blockId="53.[151,1437,1447,2014]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">
|
||
H.L.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="13514B09FF98FFE1FEC741F87DE5F8F3" author="Clark, H. L." box="[260,407,1772,1798]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" pagination="1 - 147" refId="ref52897" refString="Clark, H. L. (1933) A handbook of the littoral echinoderms of Porto Rico and the other West Indian Islands. Scientific Survey of Puerto Rico, 16, 1 - 147." type="journal article" year="1933">Clark (1933)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
noticed that small specimens have a deep olive to green abactinal region and as the size increases, the color changes from yellowish– to deep red.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="13514B09FF98FFE1FCFF40047F9DF8DF" author="Downey, M. E." box="[828,1007,1808,1834]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" pagination="1 - 158" refId="ref54261" refString="Downey, M. E. (1973) Starfishes from the Caribbean and the Gulf of Mexico. Smithsonian Contributions Zoology, 126, 1 - 158. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 00810282.126" type="journal article" year="1973">Downey (1973)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
described intraspecific variation (i.e. variation in shape, in degrees of inflation of the disc, and in coloration) in specimens ranging between R
|
||
<quantity id="B0389B1DFF98FFE1FADD402079EAF8BB" box="[1310,1432,1844,1871]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.3" metricValueMax="9.1" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" unit="mm" value="53.0" valueMax="91.0" valueMin="15.0">15–91 mm</quantity>
|
||
, however, she did not specify ontogenetic changes. We observed that the presence and abundance of abactinal pedicellariae vary between specimens, but this variation does not seem to be related to growth. Also,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="13514B09FF98FFE1FB29406879EEF863" author="Downey, M. E." box="[1258,1436,1916,1942]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" pagination="1 - 158" refId="ref54261" refString="Downey, M. E. (1973) Starfishes from the Caribbean and the Gulf of Mexico. Smithsonian Contributions Zoology, 126, 1 - 158. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 00810282.126" type="journal article" year="1973">Downey (1973)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
noted that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B0C04D7BFF98FFE1FECE40B47DD4F84F" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[269,422,1952,1978]" class="Asteroidea" family="Oreasteridae" genus="Oreaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="reticulatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="45B4EAEAFF98FFE1FECE40B47DD4F84F" box="[269,422,1952,1978]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">O. reticulatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
may have 4–7 arms, but both specimens examined here and the comparative material have five arms.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="777F36F8FF9BFFE2FF0447837EB2FF0C" blockId="54.[151,1437,151,250]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B0C04D7BFF9BFFE2FF0447837DDBFF44" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[199,425,151,177]" class="Asteroidea" family="Oreasteridae" genus="Oreaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="reticulatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="45B4EAEAFF9BFFE2FF0447837DDBFF44" box="[199,425,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Oreaster reticulatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
differs from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B0C04D7BFF9BFFE2FD8247837EB3FF44" authorityName="Muller & Troschel" authorityYear="1842" box="[577,705,151,177]" class="Asteroidea" family="Oreasteridae" genus="Oreaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="clavatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="45B4EAEAFF9BFFE2FD8247837EB3FF44" box="[577,705,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">O. clavatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by having an inflated disc (vs. slightly flattened disc), abactinal plates with tubercles or spines (vs. abactinal plates with granules), and actinal pedicellariae not in alveoli (vs. actinal pedicellariae in alveoli) (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="13514B09FF9BFFE2FE6D47CB7EC6FF0C" author="Clark, A. M. & Downey, M. E." box="[430,692,223,249]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" refId="ref52515" refString="Clark, A. M. & Downey, M. E. (1992) Starfishes of the Atlantic. Chapman and Hall, London, 794 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5860 / choice. 30 - 2659" type="book" year="1992">Clark & Downey 1992</bibRefCitation>
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||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="777F36F8FF9BFFE2FF54465E7E32FE91" blockId="54.[151,576,330,356]" box="[151,576,330,356]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">
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<emphasis id="45B4EAEAFF9BFFE2FF54465E7E32FE91" bold="true" box="[151,576,330,356]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">
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||
Order
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B0C04D7BFF9BFFE2FF2F465E7E32FE91" authority="Perrier, 1884" authorityName="Perrier" authorityYear="1884" box="[236,576,330,356]" class="Asteroidea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Forcipulatida" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="order">
|
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Forcipulatida
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="13514B09FF9BFFE2FE5D465E7E32FE91" author="Perrier, E." box="[414,576,330,356]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" pagination="127 - 276" refId="ref61004" refString="Perrier, E. (1884) Memoire sur les etoiles de mer recueillies dans la mer des Antilles et le golfe du Mexique: durant les expeditions de dragace faites sous la direction de M. Alexandre Agassiz. Archives Museum National d'histoire Naturelle Paris, 6 (2), 127 - 276. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 82184" type="journal article" year="1884">Perrier, 1884</bibRefCitation>
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||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |