640 lines
92 KiB
XML
640 lines
92 KiB
XML
<document id="B11877B7A709875879F1BCCF5BC93952" ID-CLB-Dataset="26667" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4612.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="4bcc184b-3c3c-451a-9eb0-b5df8dfdc1e7" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3233535" ID-ZooBank="33E82826-EF18-47F0-B804-CC877BD2AFFE" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1559035595326" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Kraus, Fred" docDate="2019" docId="ED72CB05FF9BFFF582FAFF5F7F0CFC3A" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4612.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4612 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Callulops stellatus Kraus 2019, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docUuid="CD549CFF-DF24-4242-A508-E18028B72BB6" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="12" lastPageNumber="18" masterDocId="114BB37DFF94FFE4826DFFC67C44FFD5" masterDocTitle="A revision of Callulops doriae (Anura: Microhylidae), with descriptions of four new species" masterLastPageNumber="28" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="16" updateTime="1698732091705" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods id="A34A2D7C21FA5937D92423989235D1A2" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="80395C1EF089AC02E4C8FEAAB8BA2BE9">
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<mods:title id="9E3A62379B27FABC2CCDC99A6AA64D7D">A revision of Callulops doriae (Anura: Microhylidae), with descriptions of four new species</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name id="E50F9F41E30753CEE0CCDEC46C5F1FDF" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="49F71EB64509BEA0408DB3DE158B16D5">
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<mods:roleTerm id="646F7ADE7AE8D0BDAE6E2469BEEC76E5">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="73CC3D4CC7D9F038D46E4C0D5AC2A301">Kraus, Fred</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="491D1D098B1B0544DBEAF11D9FDB2072">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo id="3C12B6BBD1D3B5241C7254A57899B685">
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<mods:title id="E50271D0A9852FA734E383DA94C444B3">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="B4357EBBF3D6FB447A0B37B93AFD8BA7">
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<mods:date id="052532DFD573D61FB89144B76FA160FE">2019</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="028189F32B632D90F71C8E52489F8339" type="pubDate">
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<mods:number id="2E792527957E858F02F466DF36D68474">2019-05-28</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail id="FFAA9A20B7ABB7E0F4B302A30FF9CCFA" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="033BC61B8B96DB3E3E3A5696543B16F6">4612</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail id="A02E43F059D9B6DBF27C89B07C62DCDF" type="issue">
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<mods:number id="6AF895BF16D5030BBEE575AC5623146A">1</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent id="F3DC0D7C6CB35BE77D6F929095D9381E" unit="page">
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<mods:start id="1DAB01B5B147B73A5DA80E72CDEF11CD">1</mods:start>
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<mods:end id="55CF662B63CF63146230C14BEDA5F090">28</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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<mods:classification id="79D7723493CA0EC2578722C741F7F514">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="D1DF98F4BF5C241478226663B4CEE749" type="CLB-Dataset">26667</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="4A8EB9DD4CFFC329A9226855AFCF98C6" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4612.1.1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="04831A0CC17907319A3023FD99622F77" type="GBIF-Dataset">4bcc184b-3c3c-451a-9eb0-b5df8dfdc1e7</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="626D6975384ED6D71A3C02EB5BD3D45F" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="FA27D0EE722B6745A24A71AFC7932A8A" type="Zenodo-Dep">3233535</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="3090C8870204C4F66E6CCDFFEB12A279" type="ZooBank">33E82826-EF18-47F0-B804-CC877BD2AFFE</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment id="ED72CB05FF9BFFF582FAFF5F7F0CFC3A" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5586567" ID-GBIF-Taxon="157292227" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5586567" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:CD549CFF-DF24-4242-A508-E18028B72BB6" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/ED72CB05FF9BFFF582FAFF5F7F0CFC3A" lastPageId="17" lastPageNumber="18" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
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<subSubSection id="2DC12998FF9BFFEB82FAFF5F7DA6FF61" box="[151,482,153,180]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="65647A13FF9BFFEB82FAFF5F7DA6FF61" blockId="15.[151,1006,153,252]" box="[151,482,153,180]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
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<heading id="3E2CCD7FFF9BFFEB82FAFF5F7DA6FF61" bold="true" box="[151,482,153,180]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" reason="1">
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||
<emphasis id="57AFA601FF9BFFEB82FAFF5F7DA6FF61" bold="true" box="[151,482,153,180]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
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||
<taxonomicName id="A2DB0190FF9BFFEB82FAFF5F7D31FF61" ID-CoL="PWB5" authority="Kraus, 2019" authorityName="Kraus" authorityYear="2019" box="[151,373,153,180]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Callulops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="stellatus" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="57AFA601FF9BFFEB82FAFF5F7D31FF61" bold="true" box="[151,373,153,180]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Callulops stellatus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="4C9C1B7AFF9BFFEB83E9FF5C7DA6FF61" box="[388,482,154,180]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="2DC12998FF9BFFEB82FAFF7B7FAAFF29" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="description">
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<paragraph id="65647A13FF9BFFEB82FAFF7B7D68FF02" blockId="15.[151,1006,153,252]" box="[151,300,189,216]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
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||
<figureCitation id="FDE06696FF9BFFEB82FAFF7B7D57FF0D" box="[151,275,189,216]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1767,1792]" captionTargetBox="[195,1385,170,1749]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[195,1385,170,1756]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 1. Portraits in life of (A) adult Callulops doriae, BPBM 38833, Egiaba, Normanby Island, Milne Bay Province, SV = 77.0 mm; (B) juvenile C. doriae, UMMZ 245247, Suau, Milne Bay Province, SV = 18.1 mm; (C) holotype of C. argus sp. nov., AMNH 82886, Garaina, Morobe Province, SV = 81.0 mm, photo by R.G. Zweifel; (D) paratype of C. bicolor sp. nov., BPBM 19236, NW slope Mt. Obree, Central Province, SV = 70.7 mm; (E) paratype of C. stellatus sp. nov., BPBM 37122, SE slope Mt. Victory, Oro Province, SV = 63.6 mm; (F) holotype of C. stellatus sp. nov., BPBM 39980, S slope Mt. Trafalgar, Oro Province, SV = 63.5 mm; (G) adult paratype of C. taxispilotus sp. nov., MCZ 59898, Bomai, Tive Plateau, Chimbu Province, SV = 79.7 mm, photo by F. Parker; and (H) juvenile paratype of C. taxispilotus sp. nov., MCZ 60804, Bomai, Tive Plateau, Chimbu Province, SV = 37.0 mm, photo by F. Parker." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3233537/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Figs. 1E, F</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="FDE06696FF9BFFEB8373FF7B7D68FF02" box="[286,300,189,215]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="17.[151,250,1876,1901]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,1017,1864]" captionTargetId="figure@17.[151,1436,1017,1864]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURE 6. Defensive display of a subadult male Callulops stellatus sp. nov., BPBM 39979, SV = 53.3 mm, showing the body inflated with air while either being (A) held to the ground, (B) with the rear of the body elevated off the ground, or (C) the entire body elevated off the ground, in each case clearly exhibiting (D) the bright-orange blotches in the groin and on the rear of the legs." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3233547/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">6</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="65647A13FF9BFFEB82FAFF277FAAFF29" blockId="15.[151,1006,153,252]" box="[151,1006,225,252]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
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<uri id="114A7611FF9BFFEB82FAFF277FAAFF29" box="[151,1006,225,252]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
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||
urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:
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<uuid id="117D40C6FF9BFFEB83D9FF277FAAFF29" box="[436,1006,225,252]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">CD549CFF-DF24-4242-A508-E18028B72BB6</uuid>
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</uri>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="2DC12998FF9BFFEB82FAFEF97CAAFD83" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="materials_examined">
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||
<paragraph id="65647A13FF9BFFEB82FAFEF97926FEA8" blockId="15.[151,1437,319,2001]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
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||
<materialsCitation id="D5B3704EFF9BFFEB82FAFEF97926FEA8" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2244393092" collectingDate="2011-11-07" collectorName="F. Kraus" country="Papua New Guinea" elevation="190" latitude="-9.2238" location="Mt. Trafalgar" longLatPrecision="7" longitude="149.1561" municipality="Cape Nelson" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Northern" typeStatus="holotype">
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||
<emphasis id="57AFA601FF9BFFEB82FAFEF97D4FFE8C" bold="true" box="[151,267,319,345]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
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||
<typeStatus id="BA60C4B1FF9BFFEB82FAFEF97D42FE8C" box="[151,262,319,345]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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.
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</emphasis>
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BPBM 39980 (field tag FK 16097), adult male, collected by
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<collectorName id="C82E1FC5FF9BFFEB81DCFEF9784AFE8C" box="[945,1038,319,345]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">F. Kraus</collectorName>
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along stream on S slope
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||
<location id="60042CC8FF9BFFEB874FFEF97CF8FEA8" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:ED72CB05FF9BFFF582FAFF5F7F0CFC3A:60042CC8FF9BFFEB874FFEF97CF8FEA8" country="Papua New Guinea" latitude="-9.2238" longLatPrecision="7" longitude="149.1561" municipality="Cape Nelson" name="Mt. Trafalgar" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" stateProvince="Northern">Mt. Trafalgar</location>
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||
,
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||
<geoCoordinate id="00EF1CD4FF9BFFEB82A5FEA57D71FEA8" box="[200,309,355,381]" degrees="9.2238" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" precision="5" value="-9.2238">9.2238º S</geoCoordinate>
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||
,
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||
<geoCoordinate id="00EF1CD4FF9BFFEB832FFEA47D8AFEA8" box="[322,462,354,381]" degrees="149.1561" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" precision="5" value="149.1561">149.1561º E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
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||
<elevation id="EEF69D20FF9BFFEB83B7FEA57E19FEA8" box="[474,605,355,381]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.9" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" unit="m" value="190.0">
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||
<quantity id="A223D7F6FF9BFFEB83B7FEA57E65FEA8" box="[474,545,355,381]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.9" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" unit="m" value="190.0">190 m</quantity>
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||
a.s.l.
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||
</elevation>
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||
,
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||
<collectingMunicipality id="8500E069FF9BFFEB8007FEA57EB8FEA8" box="[618,764,355,381]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Cape Nelson</collectingMunicipality>
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||
,
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||
<collectingRegion id="A71FB4F1FF9BFFEB8165FEA57FE4FEA8" box="[776,928,355,381]" country="Papua New Guinea" name="Northern" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Oro Province</collectingRegion>
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||
,
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||
<collectingCountry id="1DCC3A83FF9BFFEB81C1FEA578C3FEA8" box="[940,1159,355,381]" name="Papua New Guinea" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Papua New Guinea</collectingCountry>
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||
,
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||
<collectingDate id="0121A53BFF9BFFEB86FFFEA5791AFEA8" box="[1170,1374,355,381]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" value="2011-11-07">
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||
<date id="11655CD3FF9BFFEB86FFFEA5791AFEA8" box="[1170,1374,355,381]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" value="2011-11-07">7 November 2011</date>
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||
</collectingDate>
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||
.
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||
</materialsCitation>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="65647A13FF9BFFEB82AAFE417CAAFD83" blockId="15.[151,1437,319,2001]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
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||
<materialsCitation id="D5B3704EFF9BFFEB82AAFE417F08FE74" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2244393079" box="[199,844,390,417]" collectionCode="BPBM" collectorName="Same" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" specimenCode="BPBM 39981" specimenCount="2" typeStatus="paratype">
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||
<emphasis id="57AFA601FF9BFFEB82AAFE417DDCFE74" bold="true" box="[199,408,390,417]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
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||
<typeStatus id="BA60C4B1FF9BFFEB82AAFE417D7BFE74" box="[199,319,391,417]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
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(n = 8).
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</emphasis>
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<collectorName id="C82E1FC5FF9BFFEB83F3FE417D98FE74" box="[414,476,391,417]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Same</collectorName>
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||
data as
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||
<typeStatus id="BA60C4B1FF9BFFEB8058FE417ED3FE74" box="[565,663,391,417]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
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||
(
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<specimenCode id="357DD268FF9BFFEB80C9FE417F01FE74" box="[676,837,391,417]" collectionCode="BPBM" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34697" name="Bishop Museum" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="Museum">BPBM 39981</specimenCode>
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||
)
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</materialsCitation>
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;
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<materialsCitation id="D5B3704EFF9BFFEB813AFE417D03FE10" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2244393097" collectingDate="2 November" collectionCode="BPBM" collectorName="F. Kraus" country="Papua New Guinea" elevation="190" latitude="-9.2238" location="Mt. Trafalgar" longLatPrecision="7" longitude="149.1561" municipality="Cape Nelson" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" specimenCode="BPBM 39979" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Northern" typeStatus="paratype">
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||
same data as holotype, except collected
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||
<collectingDate id="0121A53BFF9BFFEB877FFE4179D8FE74" box="[1298,1436,391,417]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
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||
<date id="11655CD3FF9BFFEB877FFE4179D8FE74" box="[1298,1436,391,417]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">2 November</date>
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||
</collectingDate>
|
||
(
|
||
<specimenCode id="357DD268FF9BFFEB82F2FE6D7D7AFE10" box="[159,318,427,453]" collectionCode="BPBM" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34697" name="Bishop Museum" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="Museum">BPBM 39979</specimenCode>
|
||
)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<materialsCitation id="D5B3704EFF9BFFEB833CFE6D7EECFE10" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2244393083" box="[337,680,426,453]" collectingDate="8 November" collectionCode="PNGNM" collectorName="F. Kraus" country="Papua New Guinea" elevation="190" isTailEnumeration="true" latitude="-9.2238" location="Mt. Trafalgar" longLatPrecision="7" longitude="149.1561" municipality="Cape Nelson" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" specimenCode="PNGNM 25280" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Northern" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
<collectingDate id="0121A53BFF9BFFEB833CFE6D7D9FFE10" box="[337,475,427,453]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||
<date id="11655CD3FF9BFFEB833CFE6D7D9FFE10" box="[337,475,427,453]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">8 November</date>
|
||
</collectingDate>
|
||
(
|
||
<specimenCode id="357DD268FF9BFFEB8385FE6D7EE5FE10" box="[488,673,426,453]" collectionCode="PNGNM" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">PNGNM 25280</specimenCode>
|
||
)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="D5B3704EFF9BFFEB80DEFE6D7973FE3C" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2244393094" collectingDate="2010-09-22" collectionCode="BPBM" collectorName="Cape Nelson & F. Kraus" country="Papua New Guinea" elevation="530" latitude="-9.2248" location="Ajoa River" longLatPrecision="7" longitude="149.1062" municipality="Mt. Victory" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" specimenCode="BPBM 37122" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Northern" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
along
|
||
<location id="60042CC8FF9BFFEB8098FE6D7F36FE10" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:ED72CB05FF9BFFF582FAFF5F7F0CFC3A:60042CC8FF9BFFEB8098FE6D7F36FE10" box="[757,882,427,453]" country="Papua New Guinea" latitude="-9.2248" longLatPrecision="7" longitude="149.1062" municipality="Mt. Victory" name="Ajoa River" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" stateProvince="Northern">Ajoa River</location>
|
||
, S slope
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="8500E069FF9BFFEB81BEFE6D7811FE10" box="[979,1109,427,453]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Mt. Victory</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="00EF1CD4FF9BFFEB8632FE6D788AFE10" box="[1119,1230,427,453]" degrees="9.2248" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" precision="5" value="-9.2248">9.2248° S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="00EF1CD4FF9BFFEB86B7FE6D7923FE10" box="[1242,1383,427,453]" degrees="149.1062" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" precision="5" value="149.1062">149.1062° E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<elevation id="EEF69D20FF9BFFEB871FFE6C7CAFFE3C" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.3" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" unit="m" value="530.0">
|
||
<quantity id="A223D7F6FF9BFFEB871FFE6C7CE9FE3C" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.3" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" unit="m" value="530.0">530 m</quantity>
|
||
a.s.l.
|
||
</elevation>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="C82E1FC5FF9BFFEB8297FE097DCAFE3C" box="[250,398,463,489]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Cape Nelson</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="A71FB4F1FF9BFFEB83F6FE097E72FE3C" box="[411,566,463,489]" country="Papua New Guinea" name="Northern" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Oro Province</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="1DCC3A83FF9BFFEB802EFE097F66FE3C" box="[579,802,463,489]" name="Papua New Guinea" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Papua New Guinea</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="C82E1FC5FF9BFFEB8142FE097FD6FE3C" box="[815,914,463,489]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">F. Kraus</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingDate id="0121A53BFF9BFFEB81F2FE097838FE3C" box="[927,1148,463,489]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" value="2010-09-22">
|
||
<date id="11655CD3FF9BFFEB81F2FE097838FE3C" box="[927,1148,463,489]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" value="2010-09-22">22 September 2010</date>
|
||
</collectingDate>
|
||
(
|
||
<specimenCode id="357DD268FF9BFFEB86E1FE09796BFE3C" box="[1164,1327,463,489]" collectionCode="BPBM" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34697" name="Bishop Museum" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="Museum">BPBM 37122</specimenCode>
|
||
)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<materialsCitation id="D5B3704EFF9BFFEB8729FE097E4CFDD8" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2244393099" collectingDate="2010-09-24" collectionCode="BPBM" collectorName="Cape Nelson & F. Kraus" country="Papua New Guinea" elevation="530" isTailEnumeration="true" latitude="-9.2248" location="Ajoa River" longLatPrecision="7" longitude="149.1062" municipality="Mt. Victory" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" specimenCode="BPBM 37123-24" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Northern" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
<collectingDate id="0121A53BFF9BFFEB8729FE097D61FDD8" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" value="2010-09-24">
|
||
<date id="11655CD3FF9BFFEB8729FE097D61FDD8" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" value="2010-09-24">24 September 2010</date>
|
||
</collectingDate>
|
||
(
|
||
<specimenCode id="357DD268FF9BFFEB8359FE357E45FDD8" box="[308,513,499,525]" collectionCode="BPBM" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34697" name="Bishop Museum" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="Museum">BPBM 37123–24</specimenCode>
|
||
)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<materialsCitation id="D5B3704EFF9BFFEB8079FE357F3AFDD8" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2244393074" box="[532,894,498,525]" collectingDate="2010-10-01" collectionCode="BPBM" country="Papua New Guinea" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" specimenCode="BPBM 37125" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Northern" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
<collectingDate id="0121A53BFF9BFFEB8079FE357E80FDD8" box="[532,708,499,525]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" value="2010-10-01">
|
||
<date id="11655CD3FF9BFFEB8079FE357E80FDD8" box="[532,708,499,525]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" value="2010-10-01">1 October 2010</date>
|
||
</collectingDate>
|
||
(
|
||
<specimenCode id="357DD268FF9BFFEB80B9FE357F32FDD8" box="[724,886,498,525]" collectionCode="BPBM" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34697" name="Bishop Museum" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="Museum">BPBM 37125</specimenCode>
|
||
)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="D5B3704EFF9BFFEB81E7FE357CAEFD83" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2244393087" collectingDate="2010-10-02" collectionCode="BPBM" collectorName="Cape Nelson & F. Kraus" country="Papua New Guinea" elevation="400" latitude="-9.2388" location="Ajoa River" longLatPrecision="7" longitude="149.1356" municipality="Mt. Victory" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" specimenCode="BPBM 37126" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Northern" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
along
|
||
<location id="60042CC8FF9BFFEB81A2FE357809FDD8" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:ED72CB05FF9BFFF582FAFF5F7F0CFC3A:60042CC8FF9BFFEB81A2FE357809FDD8" box="[975,1101,499,525]" country="Papua New Guinea" latitude="-9.2388" longLatPrecision="7" longitude="149.1356" municipality="Mt. Victory" name="Ajoa River" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" stateProvince="Northern">Ajoa River</location>
|
||
, S slope
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="8500E069FF9BFFEB86D9FE35797CFDD8" box="[1204,1336,499,525]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Mt. Victory</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="00EF1CD4FF9BFFEB8729FE357CECFDE4" degrees="9.2388" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" precision="5" value="-9.2388">9.2388° S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="00EF1CD4FF9BFFEB82DBFDD07D02FDE4" box="[182,326,534,561]" degrees="149.1356" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" precision="5" value="149.1356">149.1356° E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<elevation id="EEF69D20FF9BFFEB8339FDD17D9EFDE4" box="[340,474,535,561]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" unit="m" value="400.0">
|
||
<quantity id="A223D7F6FF9BFFEB8339FDD17DD8FDE4" box="[340,412,535,561]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" unit="m" value="400.0">400 m</quantity>
|
||
a.s.l.
|
||
</elevation>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="C82E1FC5FF9BFFEB8384FDD17E39FDE4" box="[489,637,535,561]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Cape Nelson</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="A71FB4F1FF9BFFEB80E7FDD17F60FDE4" box="[650,804,535,561]" country="Papua New Guinea" name="Northern" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Oro Province</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="1DCC3A83FF9BFFEB815CFDD1784BFDE4" box="[817,1039,535,561]" name="Papua New Guinea" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Papua New Guinea</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="C82E1FC5FF9BFFEB8671FDD1783BFDE4" box="[1052,1151,535,561]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">F. Kraus</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingDate id="0121A53BFF9BFFEB86E6FDD17979FDE4" box="[1163,1341,535,561]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" value="2010-10-02">
|
||
<date id="11655CD3FF9BFFEB86E6FDD17979FDE4" box="[1163,1341,535,561]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" value="2010-10-02">2 October 2010</date>
|
||
</collectingDate>
|
||
(
|
||
<specimenCode id="357DD268FF9BFFEB8720FDD17CA6FD83" collectionCode="BPBM" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34697" name="Bishop Museum" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="Museum">BPBM 37126</specimenCode>
|
||
)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="2DC12998FF9BFFEB82AAFD987D38FAD4" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="65647A13FF9BFFEB82AAFD98787AFC68" blockId="15.[151,1437,319,2001]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||
<emphasis id="57AFA601FF9BFFEB82AAFD987D06FDAC" bold="true" box="[199,322,606,633]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A2DB0190FF9BFFEB8321FD997E64FDAC" authority="Kraus, 2019" authorityName="Kraus" authorityYear="2019" box="[332,544,607,633]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Callulops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="stellatus" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="57AFA601FF9BFFEB8321FD997E64FDAC" box="[332,544,607,633]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Callulops stellatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="4C9C1B7AFF9BFFEB8046FD997ECCFDAC" box="[555,648,607,633]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="57AFA601FF9BFFEB8046FD997ECCFDAC" bold="true" box="[555,648,607,633]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
is distinguished from all other members of the genus by its unique combination of moderately large size (adult male SV =
|
||
<quantity id="A223D7F6FF9BFFEB8174FD447F86FD48" box="[793,962,642,669]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.529999999999999" metricValueMax="7.13" metricValueMin="5.93" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" unit="mm" value="65.3" valueMax="71.3" valueMin="59.3">59.3–71.3 mm</quantity>
|
||
); narrowly expanded finger and toe discs (3rdF/SV =
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="00EF1CD4FF9BFFEB8372FD617D1BFD14" box="[287,351,679,705]" degrees="0.026" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" precision="55" value="0.026">0.026</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="00EF1CD4FF9BFFEB830DFD617DEAFD14" box="[352,430,679,705]" degrees="0.028" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" precision="55" value="-0.028">–0.028</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 4thT/SV =
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="00EF1CD4FF9BFFEB8055FD607E3DFD14" box="[568,633,678,705]" degrees="0.029" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" precision="55" value="0.029">0.029</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="00EF1CD4FF9BFFEB8017FD607E8EFD14" box="[634,714,678,705]" degrees="0.035" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" precision="55" value="-0.035">–0.035</geoCoordinate>
|
||
); circum-marginal grooves absent on fingers and toes, but either may have shallow terminal puckerings at tips; short leg (TL/SV = 0.37–0.40); pustulose dorsum; short EN (EN/SV =
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="00EF1CD4FF9BFFEB82DCFD287CB5FCDC" box="[177,241,750,777]" degrees="0.057" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" precision="55" value="0.057">0.057</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="00EF1CD4FF9BFFEB829CFD287D7BFCDC" box="[241,319,750,777]" degrees="0.069" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" precision="55" value="-0.069">–0.069</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, IN/SV =
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="00EF1CD4FF9BFFEB83D7FD297DBFFCDC" box="[442,507,751,777]" degrees="0.064" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" precision="55" value="0.064">0.064</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="00EF1CD4FF9BFFEB8397FD297E0DFCDC" box="[506,585,751,777]" degrees="0.078" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" precision="55" value="-0.078">–0.078</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, EN/IN = 0.84–0.93); slightly swollen loreal region; small eye (EY/SN = 0.61–0.73, EY/SV =
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="00EF1CD4FF9BFFEB83EEFCD47D80FCF8" box="[387,452,786,813]" degrees="0.058" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" precision="55" value="0.058">0.058</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="00EF1CD4FF9BFFEB83A9FCD47E51FCF8" box="[452,533,786,813]" degrees="0.076" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" precision="55" value="-0.076">–0.076</geoCoordinate>
|
||
); thick fingers; basal subarticular tubercle of 4th toe well developed; dorsum and limbs typically black but may be dark brown or dark gray, spotted with white, at least laterally; groin, and hidden surfaces of legs blotched with yellow or orange; under thighs and shanks with a light-brown ground color; venter gray with charcoal-gray chin and throat speckled with blue white; and a long (2.60–
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="00EF1CD4FF9BFFEB860FFCB978ECFC4C" box="[1122,1192,895,921]" degrees="3.84" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" precision="555" value="-3.84">3.84 s</geoCoordinate>
|
||
) multi-note call with relatively short notes (
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="00EF1CD4FF9BFFEB83FDFC657D94FC68" box="[400,464,931,957]" degrees="0.242" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" precision="55" value="0.242">0.242</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="00EF1CD4FF9BFFEB83BDFC657E5BFC68" box="[464,543,931,957]" degrees="0.392" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" precision="55" value="-0.392">
|
||
–
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="00EF1CD4FF9BFFEB83B2FC657E5BFC68" box="[479,543,931,957]" degrees="0.392" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" precision="55" value="-0.392">0.392</geoCoordinate>
|
||
</geoCoordinate>
|
||
s) and a high repetition rate (0.86–1.41 notes/s).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="65647A13FF9BFFEB82AAFC007D38FAD4" blockId="15.[151,1437,319,2001]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||
<emphasis id="57AFA601FF9BFFEB82AAFC007E02FC34" bold="true" box="[199,582,966,993]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Comparisons with other species.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A2DB0190FF9BFFEB8021FC017F58FC34" authority="Kraus, 2019" authorityName="Kraus" authorityYear="2019" box="[588,796,967,993]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Callulops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="stellatus" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="57AFA601FF9BFFEB8021FC017F58FC34" box="[588,796,967,993]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Callulops stellatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="4C9C1B7AFF9BFFEB814EFC017F3FFC34" box="[803,891,967,993]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="57AFA601FF9BFFEB814EFC017F3FFC34" bold="true" box="[803,891,967,993]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
differs from all other species of the genus except
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A2DB0190FF9BFFEB82FAFC2D7D47FBD0" authorityName="Dubois" authorityYear="1988" box="[151,259,1003,1029]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Callulops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="doriae">
|
||
<emphasis id="57AFA601FF9BFFEB82FAFC2D7D47FBD0" box="[151,259,1003,1029]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">C. doriae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A2DB0190FF9BFFEB837EFC2D7DE2FBD0" authorityName="Vogt" authorityYear="1911" box="[275,422,1003,1029]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Callulops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="neuhaussi">
|
||
<emphasis id="57AFA601FF9BFFEB837EFC2D7DE2FBD0" box="[275,422,1003,1029]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">C. neuhaussi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A2DB0190FF9BFFEB83DBFC2D7E5CFBD0" authority="Kraus, 2019" authorityName="Kraus" authorityYear="2019" box="[438,536,1003,1029]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Callulops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="argus" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="57AFA601FF9BFFEB83DBFC2D7E5CFBD0" box="[438,536,1003,1029]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">C. argus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="4C9C1B7AFF9BFFEB804CFC2D7E39FBD0" box="[545,637,1003,1029]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="57AFA601FF9BFFEB804CFC2D7E39FBD0" bold="true" box="[545,637,1003,1029]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A2DB0190FF9BFFEB80D3FC2D7F76FBD0" authority="Kraus, 2019" authorityName="Kraus" authorityYear="2019" box="[702,818,1003,1029]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Callulops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bicolor" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="57AFA601FF9BFFEB80D3FC2D7F76FBD0" box="[702,818,1003,1029]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">C. bicolor</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="4C9C1B7AFF9BFFEB8156FC2D7FD3FBD0" box="[827,919,1003,1029]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="57AFA601FF9BFFEB8156FC2D7FD3FBD0" bold="true" box="[827,919,1003,1029]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
in having large yellow or orange blotches in the groin and on the hidden surfaces of the hindlimbs. From all of these other members of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A2DB0190FF9BFFEB86A4FBC97970FBFC" authorityName="Dubois" authorityYear="1988" box="[1225,1332,1039,1065]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Callulops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="doriae">
|
||
<emphasis id="57AFA601FF9BFFEB86A4FBC97970FBFC" box="[1225,1332,1039,1065]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">C. doriae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
complex it differs in its black, dark-gray, or dark-brown dorsum spotted with white dots or flecks (at least laterally) and in having a well-developed (vs. absent or poorly developed in the other species) subarticular tubercle under the 4th toe. Paler specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A2DB0190FF9BFFEB83CFFBBD7E5BFB40" authority="Kraus, 2019" authorityName="Kraus" authorityYear="2019" box="[418,543,1147,1173]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Callulops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="stellatus" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="57AFA601FF9BFFEB83CFFBBD7E5BFB40" box="[418,543,1147,1173]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">C. stellatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="4C9C1B7AFF9BFFEB804AFBBD7EC4FB40" box="[551,640,1147,1173]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="57AFA601FF9BFFEB804AFBBD7EC4FB40" bold="true" box="[551,640,1147,1173]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
are superficially similar in appearance to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A2DB0190FF9BFFEB863BFBBD78F2FB40" authority="Kraus, 2019" authorityName="Kraus" authorityYear="2019" box="[1110,1206,1147,1173]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Callulops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="argus" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="57AFA601FF9BFFEB863BFBBD78F2FB40" box="[1110,1206,1147,1173]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">C. argus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="4C9C1B7AFF9BFFEB86D1FBBD7952FB40" box="[1212,1302,1147,1173]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="57AFA601FF9BFFEB86D1FBBD7952FB40" bold="true" box="[1212,1302,1147,1173]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
(cf.
|
||
<figureCitation id="FDE06696FF9BFFEB8727FBBD79D8FB40" box="[1354,1436,1147,1173]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1767,1792]" captionTargetBox="[195,1385,170,1749]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[195,1385,170,1756]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 1. Portraits in life of (A) adult Callulops doriae, BPBM 38833, Egiaba, Normanby Island, Milne Bay Province, SV = 77.0 mm; (B) juvenile C. doriae, UMMZ 245247, Suau, Milne Bay Province, SV = 18.1 mm; (C) holotype of C. argus sp. nov., AMNH 82886, Garaina, Morobe Province, SV = 81.0 mm, photo by R.G. Zweifel; (D) paratype of C. bicolor sp. nov., BPBM 19236, NW slope Mt. Obree, Central Province, SV = 70.7 mm; (E) paratype of C. stellatus sp. nov., BPBM 37122, SE slope Mt. Victory, Oro Province, SV = 63.6 mm; (F) holotype of C. stellatus sp. nov., BPBM 39980, S slope Mt. Trafalgar, Oro Province, SV = 63.5 mm; (G) adult paratype of C. taxispilotus sp. nov., MCZ 59898, Bomai, Tive Plateau, Chimbu Province, SV = 79.7 mm, photo by F. Parker; and (H) juvenile paratype of C. taxispilotus sp. nov., MCZ 60804, Bomai, Tive Plateau, Chimbu Province, SV = 37.0 mm, photo by F. Parker." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3233537/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Fig. 1E</figureCitation>
|
||
vs.
|
||
<figureCitation id="FDE06696FF9BFFEB82D3FB597D57FB6C" box="[190,275,1183,1209]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1767,1792]" captionTargetBox="[195,1385,170,1749]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[195,1385,170,1756]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 1. Portraits in life of (A) adult Callulops doriae, BPBM 38833, Egiaba, Normanby Island, Milne Bay Province, SV = 77.0 mm; (B) juvenile C. doriae, UMMZ 245247, Suau, Milne Bay Province, SV = 18.1 mm; (C) holotype of C. argus sp. nov., AMNH 82886, Garaina, Morobe Province, SV = 81.0 mm, photo by R.G. Zweifel; (D) paratype of C. bicolor sp. nov., BPBM 19236, NW slope Mt. Obree, Central Province, SV = 70.7 mm; (E) paratype of C. stellatus sp. nov., BPBM 37122, SE slope Mt. Victory, Oro Province, SV = 63.6 mm; (F) holotype of C. stellatus sp. nov., BPBM 39980, S slope Mt. Trafalgar, Oro Province, SV = 63.5 mm; (G) adult paratype of C. taxispilotus sp. nov., MCZ 59898, Bomai, Tive Plateau, Chimbu Province, SV = 79.7 mm, photo by F. Parker; and (H) juvenile paratype of C. taxispilotus sp. nov., MCZ 60804, Bomai, Tive Plateau, Chimbu Province, SV = 37.0 mm, photo by F. Parker." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3233537/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Fig. 1C</figureCitation>
|
||
), but
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A2DB0190FF9BFFEB8338FB597D96FB6C" authority="Kraus, 2019" authorityName="Kraus" authorityYear="2019" box="[341,466,1183,1209]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Callulops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="stellatus" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="57AFA601FF9BFFEB8338FB597D96FB6C" box="[341,466,1183,1209]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">C. stellatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="4C9C1B7AFF9BFFEB83B7FB597E77FB6C" box="[474,563,1183,1209]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="57AFA601FF9BFFEB83B7FB597E77FB6C" bold="true" box="[474,563,1183,1209]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
differs from that species in its larger tympanum (TY/SV = 0.56–0.65 vs.
|
||
<quantity id="A223D7F6FF9BFFEB8706FB597CE9FB08" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2446" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" unit="in" value="0.49">0.49 in</quantity>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A2DB0190FF9BFFEB82D8FB057D51FB08" authority="Kraus, 2019" authorityName="Kraus" authorityYear="2019" box="[181,277,1219,1245]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Callulops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="argus" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="57AFA601FF9BFFEB82D8FB057D51FB08" box="[181,277,1219,1245]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">C. argus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="4C9C1B7AFF9BFFEB8371FB057D32FB08" box="[284,374,1219,1245]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="57AFA601FF9BFFEB8371FB057D32FB08" bold="true" box="[284,374,1219,1245]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
), wider head (HL/HW = 0.69–0.81 vs.
|
||
<quantity id="A223D7F6FF9BFFEB8158FB057FC0FB08" box="[821,900,1219,1245]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.2352" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" unit="in" value="0.88">0.88 in</quantity>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A2DB0190FF9BFFEB81E6FB057FAFFB08" authority="Kraus, 2019" authorityName="Kraus" authorityYear="2019" box="[907,1003,1219,1245]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Callulops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="argus" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="57AFA601FF9BFFEB81E6FB057FAFFB08" box="[907,1003,1219,1245]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">C. argus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="4C9C1B7AFF9BFFEB819EFB057809FB08" box="[1011,1101,1219,1245]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="57AFA601FF9BFFEB819EFB057809FB08" bold="true" box="[1011,1101,1219,1245]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
), and smaller white spots (cf.
|
||
<figureCitation id="FDE06696FF9BFFEB82FAFB217CAEFAD4" box="[151,234,1255,1281]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1767,1792]" captionTargetBox="[195,1385,170,1749]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[195,1385,170,1756]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 1. Portraits in life of (A) adult Callulops doriae, BPBM 38833, Egiaba, Normanby Island, Milne Bay Province, SV = 77.0 mm; (B) juvenile C. doriae, UMMZ 245247, Suau, Milne Bay Province, SV = 18.1 mm; (C) holotype of C. argus sp. nov., AMNH 82886, Garaina, Morobe Province, SV = 81.0 mm, photo by R.G. Zweifel; (D) paratype of C. bicolor sp. nov., BPBM 19236, NW slope Mt. Obree, Central Province, SV = 70.7 mm; (E) paratype of C. stellatus sp. nov., BPBM 37122, SE slope Mt. Victory, Oro Province, SV = 63.6 mm; (F) holotype of C. stellatus sp. nov., BPBM 39980, S slope Mt. Trafalgar, Oro Province, SV = 63.5 mm; (G) adult paratype of C. taxispilotus sp. nov., MCZ 59898, Bomai, Tive Plateau, Chimbu Province, SV = 79.7 mm, photo by F. Parker; and (H) juvenile paratype of C. taxispilotus sp. nov., MCZ 60804, Bomai, Tive Plateau, Chimbu Province, SV = 37.0 mm, photo by F. Parker." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3233537/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Fig. 1E</figureCitation>
|
||
vs.
|
||
<figureCitation id="FDE06696FF9BFFEB8375FB217D2AFAD4" box="[280,366,1255,1281]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1767,1792]" captionTargetBox="[195,1385,170,1749]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[195,1385,170,1756]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 1. Portraits in life of (A) adult Callulops doriae, BPBM 38833, Egiaba, Normanby Island, Milne Bay Province, SV = 77.0 mm; (B) juvenile C. doriae, UMMZ 245247, Suau, Milne Bay Province, SV = 18.1 mm; (C) holotype of C. argus sp. nov., AMNH 82886, Garaina, Morobe Province, SV = 81.0 mm, photo by R.G. Zweifel; (D) paratype of C. bicolor sp. nov., BPBM 19236, NW slope Mt. Obree, Central Province, SV = 70.7 mm; (E) paratype of C. stellatus sp. nov., BPBM 37122, SE slope Mt. Victory, Oro Province, SV = 63.6 mm; (F) holotype of C. stellatus sp. nov., BPBM 39980, S slope Mt. Trafalgar, Oro Province, SV = 63.5 mm; (G) adult paratype of C. taxispilotus sp. nov., MCZ 59898, Bomai, Tive Plateau, Chimbu Province, SV = 79.7 mm, photo by F. Parker; and (H) juvenile paratype of C. taxispilotus sp. nov., MCZ 60804, Bomai, Tive Plateau, Chimbu Province, SV = 37.0 mm, photo by F. Parker." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3233537/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Fig. 1C</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="2DC12998FF9BFFF582AAFACC7CFBFDCE" lastPageId="17" lastPageNumber="18" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="65647A13FF9BFFEB82AAFACC7FF5F804" blockId="15.[151,1437,319,2001]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||
<emphasis id="57AFA601FF9BFFEB82AAFACC7DA7FAF0" bold="true" box="[199,483,1290,1317]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||
Description of
|
||
<typeStatus id="BA60C4B1FF9BFFEB831BFACD7D9BFAF0" box="[374,479,1291,1317]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
An adult male with right-lateral incision, liver removed. Head wide (HW/SV = 0.37), wider than long (HL/HW = 0.69), with slightly swollen loreal region, inflated immediately anterior to eye, concave posterior to naris; upper lip inflated; canthus absent; nostrils horizontally compressed, directed laterally but slightly dorsally too, closer to tip of snout than to eyes; internarial distance more than distance from naris to eye (EN/IN = 0.84; IN/SV = 0.068; EN/SV = 0.057); snout slightly rounded, almost truncate when viewed from side, dorsal portion acutely rounded and ventral portion truncate when viewed from above; eyes small (EY/SV = 0.058); eyelid slightly less than half width of interorbital distance; tympanum distinct, sunken, slightly larger than eye (TY/EY = 1.08; TY/SV = 0.063), annulus overlain or bordered posteriorly and dorsally by heavy supratympanic fold that extends from behind eye to posterior of tympanum, where it bends sharply to end in front of forearm insertion at approximately level of jaw; supratympanic fold a clearly demarcated ridge ventrally but smoothly continuous with dorsal skin, continuing medially to form transverse fold behind head. Dorsum and sides slightly rugose to obviously pustulose and heavily glandular, clearly pustulose in life (
|
||
<figureCitation id="FDE06696FF9BFFEB8110F9517FBCF964" box="[893,1016,1687,1713]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1767,1792]" captionTargetBox="[195,1385,170,1749]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[195,1385,170,1756]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 1. Portraits in life of (A) adult Callulops doriae, BPBM 38833, Egiaba, Normanby Island, Milne Bay Province, SV = 77.0 mm; (B) juvenile C. doriae, UMMZ 245247, Suau, Milne Bay Province, SV = 18.1 mm; (C) holotype of C. argus sp. nov., AMNH 82886, Garaina, Morobe Province, SV = 81.0 mm, photo by R.G. Zweifel; (D) paratype of C. bicolor sp. nov., BPBM 19236, NW slope Mt. Obree, Central Province, SV = 70.7 mm; (E) paratype of C. stellatus sp. nov., BPBM 37122, SE slope Mt. Victory, Oro Province, SV = 63.6 mm; (F) holotype of C. stellatus sp. nov., BPBM 39980, S slope Mt. Trafalgar, Oro Province, SV = 63.5 mm; (G) adult paratype of C. taxispilotus sp. nov., MCZ 59898, Bomai, Tive Plateau, Chimbu Province, SV = 79.7 mm, photo by F. Parker; and (H) juvenile paratype of C. taxispilotus sp. nov., MCZ 60804, Bomai, Tive Plateau, Chimbu Province, SV = 37.0 mm, photo by F. Parker." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3233537/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Fig. 1E, F</figureCitation>
|
||
); ventral surfaces smooth anteriorly, weakly granular on abdomen. Fingers unwebbed, thick, all bearing discs lacking terminal grooves; relative lengths 3>4≈2>1. Finger discs slightly wider than penultimate phalanges (3rdF/SV = 0.028). Subarticular tubercles low, large, better developed on F1 and F2; inner metacarpal tubercle low, large, oval; outer very narrow, shallow oval, narrowly separated from similarly narrow, low medial metacarpal tubercle. Toes unwebbed, all bearing discs without terminal grooves; relative lengths 4>3>5>2>1. Toe discs barely wider than penultimate phalanges (4thT/SV = 0.034), larger than those of fingers (3rdF/4thT = 0.85). Subarticular tubercles well developed, rounded, proximalmost tubercle on fourth toe as well developed as others; inner metatarsal tubercle a large, prominent oval; outer only a vague, slightly whitened skin thickening. Legs short (TL/SV = 0.39).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="65647A13FF84FFF482AAFF5F7EC0FE96" blockId="16.[151,1437,153,755]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">In preservative, dorsal ground color medium brown, densely mottled with dark brown; the dark-brown markings laterally forming ocelli with cream centers; additional, irregular cream markings present ventrolaterally. Face dark brown. Large cream blotches present in axilla, groin, and hidden surfaces of thighs, shanks, and feet but absent from tops of thighs. Venter pale straw yellow; chin, throat, and anterior chest densely suffused with brown with a few scattered straw-yellow spots. Iris black.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="65647A13FF84FFF482AAFE887F30FE5E" blockId="16.[151,1437,153,755]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<emphasis id="57AFA601FF84FFF482AAFE887E12FEB2" box="[199,598,333,359]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
Measurements of
|
||
<typeStatus id="BA60C4B1FF84FFF483E3FE8B7DAAFEB2" box="[398,494,333,359]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
(in mm).
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
—SV = 63.5, TL = 24.9, HW = 23.3, HL = 16.0, IN = 4.3, EN = 3.6, SN = 6.1, EY = 3.7, TY = 4.0; 3rdF = 1.80, 4thT = 2.13, mass =
|
||
<quantity id="A223D7F6FF84FFF4814AFEB67F34FE5E" box="[807,880,368,395]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="3.54" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" unit="g" value="35.4">35.4 g</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="65647A13FF84FFF482AAFE527D11FD26" blockId="16.[151,1437,153,755]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<emphasis id="57AFA601FF84FFF482AAFE527D7BFE7A" bold="true" box="[199,319,404,431]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Variation.</emphasis>
|
||
Mensural variation is slight among the sample of adult males (
|
||
<tableCitation id="28594FA8FF84FFF48671FE537832FE7A" box="[1052,1142,405,431]" captionStart="TABLE 4" captionStartId="16.[151,239,802,826]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="TABLE 4. Mensural data for the type series of Callulops stellatus sp. nov." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/31A42A9BFF84FFF482FAFCE47FF1FCEE" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" tableUuid="31A42A9BFF84FFF482FAFCE47FF1FCEE">Table 4</tableCitation>
|
||
, Appendix II). Males can mature by
|
||
<quantity id="A223D7F6FF84FFF48362FE7E7D24FE06" box="[271,352,440,467]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.9" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" unit="mm" value="59.0">59 mm</quantity>
|
||
, but the single female is immature at slightly more than
|
||
<quantity id="A223D7F6FF84FFF481BBFE7F786CFE06" box="[982,1064,441,467]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.3" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" unit="mm" value="63.0">63 mm</quantity>
|
||
. Ontogenetic variation is greater: juveniles have relatively larger snouts and eyes than do adults (
|
||
<tableCitation id="28594FA8FF84FFF48100FE1B7F83FE22" box="[877,967,477,503]" captionStart="TABLE 4" captionStartId="16.[151,239,802,826]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="TABLE 4. Mensural data for the type series of Callulops stellatus sp. nov." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/31A42A9BFF84FFF482FAFCE47FF1FCEE" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" tableUuid="31A42A9BFF84FFF482FAFCE47FF1FCEE">Table 4</tableCitation>
|
||
). Snout shape is always broadly rounded when viewed from the side but varies from acutely rounded to truncate when viewed from above. Other important features tend toward invariance too. All specimens are pustulose dorsally, have the tympanum bordered above and behind by a strong skin fold, and this skin fold continues medially behind the eyes. This forms an evident crease behind the head in all specimens, but none of them has it as well developed as seen in the
|
||
<typeStatus id="BA60C4B1FF84FFF48604FDAB788BFD52" box="[1129,1231,621,647]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
. Terminal grooves are absent on all digits, although shallow creases may develop on some of the toes if left out of alcohol for very long. All specimens have a distinct subarticular tubercle at the base of the 4th toe, at the junction of the metatarsal and last phalanx.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="31A42A9BFF84FFF482FAFCE47FF1FCEE" ID-Table-UUID="31A42A9BFF84FFF482FAFCE47FF1FCEE" box="[151,949,802,827]" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/31A42A9BFF84FFF482FAFCE47FF1FCEE" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" targetBox="[166,1392,838,1574]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="16">
|
||
<paragraph id="65647A13FF84FFF482FAFCE47FF1FCEE" blockId="16.[151,949,802,827]" box="[151,949,802,827]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<emphasis id="57AFA601FF84FFF482FAFCE47D4EFCEF" bold="true" box="[151,266,802,826]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">TABLE 4.</emphasis>
|
||
Mensural data for the type series of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A2DB0190FF84FFF480FCFCE57F1DFCEE" authority="Kraus, 2019" authorityName="Kraus" authorityYear="2019" box="[657,857,803,827]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Callulops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="stellatus" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="57AFA601FF84FFF480FCFCE57F1DFCEE" box="[657,857,803,827]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Callulops stellatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="4C9C1B7AFF84FFF48132FCE57FF1FCEE" box="[863,949,803,827]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="65647A13FF84FFF482CBFC8078B8F9F3" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<table id="17DB88B3FF84001B82CBFC807934F9F3" box="[166,1392,838,1574]" gridcols="6" gridrows="20" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<tr id="DBEB7851FF84001B82CBFC807934FC8A" box="[166,1392,838,863]" gridrow="0" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-4="1">
|
||
<th id="983A112DFF84001B82CBFC807D48FC8A" box="[166,268,838,863]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Character</th>
|
||
<th id="983A112DFF84001B83EEFC807E0DFC8A" box="[387,585,838,863]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Adult males (n = 6)</th>
|
||
<th id="983A112DFF84001B811DFC807842FC8A" box="[880,1030,838,863]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Juvenile males</th>
|
||
<th id="983A112DFF84001B86BDFC807934FC8A" box="[1232,1392,838,863]" gridcol="5" gridrow="0" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Juvenile female</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="DBEB7851FF84001B82CBFCAB7934FC50" box="[166,1392,877,901]" gridrow="1" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" rowspan-0="1">
|
||
<td id="983A112DFF84001B83EEFCAB7E0DFC50" box="[387,585,877,901]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Mean ± SD</td>
|
||
<td id="983A112DFF84001B8014FCAB7EBCFC50" box="[633,760,877,901]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Range</td>
|
||
<td id="983A112DFF84001B811DFCAB7842FC50" box="[880,1030,877,901]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">BPBM 33979</td>
|
||
<td id="983A112DFF84001B8641FCAB78C3FC50" box="[1068,1159,877,901]" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">PNGNM</td>
|
||
<td id="983A112DFF84001B86BDFCAB7934FC50" box="[1232,1392,877,901]" gridcol="5" gridrow="1" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">BPBM 37122</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="DBEB7851FF84001B82CBFC567934FC7C" box="[166,1392,912,937]" gridrow="2" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-5="1">
|
||
<td id="983A112DFF84001B8641FC5678C3FC7C" box="[1068,1159,912,937]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">25280</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="DBEB7851FF84001B82CBFC777934FC1F" box="[166,1392,945,970]" gridrow="3" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<th id="983A112DFF84001B82CBFC777D48FC1F" box="[166,268,945,970]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">SV (mm)</th>
|
||
<td id="983A112DFF84001B83EEFC777E0DFC1F" box="[387,585,945,970]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">64.0 ± 2.0698</td>
|
||
<td id="983A112DFF84001B8014FC777EBCFC1F" box="[633,760,945,970]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">59.3–71.3</td>
|
||
<td id="983A112DFF84001B811DFC777842FC1F" box="[880,1030,945,970]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">53.3</td>
|
||
<td id="983A112DFF84001B8641FC7778C3FC1F" box="[1068,1159,945,970]" gridcol="4" gridrow="3" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">47.6</td>
|
||
<td id="983A112DFF84001B86BDFC777934FC1F" box="[1232,1392,945,970]" gridcol="5" gridrow="3" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">63.6</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="DBEB7851FF84001B82CBFC117934FC25" box="[166,1392,983,1008]" gridrow="4" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<th id="983A112DFF84001B82CBFC117D48FC25" box="[166,268,983,1008]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">mass (g)</th>
|
||
<td id="983A112DFF84001B83EEFC117E0DFC25" box="[387,585,983,1008]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">31.9 ± 3.6802</td>
|
||
<td id="983A112DFF84001B8014FC117EBCFC25" box="[633,760,983,1008]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">20.7–43.3</td>
|
||
<td id="983A112DFF84001B811DFC117842FC25" box="[880,1030,983,1008]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">15.1</td>
|
||
<td id="983A112DFF84001B8641FC1178C3FC25" box="[1068,1159,983,1008]" gridcol="4" gridrow="4" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">11.4</td>
|
||
<td id="983A112DFF84001B86BDFC117934FC25" box="[1232,1392,983,1008]" gridcol="5" gridrow="4" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">26.7</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="DBEB7851FF84001B82CBFC3A7934FBC0" box="[166,1392,1020,1045]" gridrow="5" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<th id="983A112DFF84001B82CBFC3A7D48FBC0" box="[166,268,1020,1045]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">TL/SV</th>
|
||
<td id="983A112DFF84001B83EEFC3A7E0DFBC0" box="[387,585,1020,1045]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">0.38 ± 0.0059</td>
|
||
<td id="983A112DFF84001B8014FC3A7EBCFBC0" box="[633,760,1020,1045]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">0.37–0.40</td>
|
||
<td id="983A112DFF84001B811DFC3A7842FBC0" box="[880,1030,1020,1045]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">0.37</td>
|
||
<td id="983A112DFF84001B8641FC3A78C3FBC0" box="[1068,1159,1020,1045]" gridcol="4" gridrow="5" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">0.38</td>
|
||
<td id="983A112DFF84001B86BDFC3A7934FBC0" box="[1232,1392,1020,1045]" gridcol="5" gridrow="5" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">0.37</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="DBEB7851FF84001B82CBFBE47934FBEE" box="[166,1392,1058,1083]" gridrow="6" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<th id="983A112DFF84001B82CBFBE47D48FBEE" box="[166,268,1058,1083]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">EN/SV</th>
|
||
<td id="983A112DFF84001B83EEFBE47E0DFBEE" box="[387,585,1058,1083]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">0.061 ± 0.0013</td>
|
||
<td id="983A112DFF84001B8014FBE47EBCFBEE" box="[633,760,1058,1083]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">0.057–0.064</td>
|
||
<td id="983A112DFF84001B811DFBE47842FBEE" box="[880,1030,1058,1083]" gridcol="3" gridrow="6" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">0.064</td>
|
||
<td id="983A112DFF84001B8641FBE478C3FBEE" box="[1068,1159,1058,1083]" gridcol="4" gridrow="6" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">0.069</td>
|
||
<td id="983A112DFF84001B86BDFBE47934FBEE" box="[1232,1392,1058,1083]" gridcol="5" gridrow="6" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">0.063</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="DBEB7851FF84001B82CBFB8E7934FBB4" box="[166,1392,1096,1121]" gridrow="7" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<th id="983A112DFF84001B82CBFB8E7D48FBB4" box="[166,268,1096,1121]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">IN/SV</th>
|
||
<td id="983A112DFF84001B83EEFB8E7E0DFBB4" box="[387,585,1096,1121]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">0.068 ± 0.0012</td>
|
||
<td id="983A112DFF84001B8014FB8E7EBCFBB4" box="[633,760,1096,1121]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">0.064–0.071</td>
|
||
<td id="983A112DFF84001B811DFB8E7842FBB4" box="[880,1030,1096,1121]" gridcol="3" gridrow="7" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">0.071</td>
|
||
<td id="983A112DFF84001B8641FB8E78C3FBB4" box="[1068,1159,1096,1121]" gridcol="4" gridrow="7" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">0.078</td>
|
||
<td id="983A112DFF84001B86BDFB8E7934FBB4" box="[1232,1392,1096,1121]" gridcol="5" gridrow="7" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">0.068</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="DBEB7851FF84001B82CBFBA87934FB52" box="[166,1392,1134,1159]" gridrow="8" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<th id="983A112DFF84001B82CBFBA87D48FB52" box="[166,268,1134,1159]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">SN/SV</th>
|
||
<td id="983A112DFF84001B83EEFBA87E0DFB52" box="[387,585,1134,1159]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">0.093 ± 0.0023</td>
|
||
<td id="983A112DFF84001B8014FBA87EBCFB52" box="[633,760,1134,1159]" gridcol="2" gridrow="8" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">0.085–0.099</td>
|
||
<td id="983A112DFF84001B811DFBA87842FB52" box="[880,1030,1134,1159]" gridcol="3" gridrow="8" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">0.103</td>
|
||
<td id="983A112DFF84001B8641FBA878C3FB52" box="[1068,1159,1134,1159]" gridcol="4" gridrow="8" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">0.109</td>
|
||
<td id="983A112DFF84001B86BDFBA87934FB52" box="[1232,1392,1134,1159]" gridcol="5" gridrow="8" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">0.091</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="DBEB7851FF84001B82CBFB527934FB78" box="[166,1392,1172,1197]" gridrow="9" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<th id="983A112DFF84001B82CBFB527D48FB78" box="[166,268,1172,1197]" gridcol="0" gridrow="9" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">TY/SV</th>
|
||
<td id="983A112DFF84001B83EEFB527E0DFB78" box="[387,585,1172,1197]" gridcol="1" gridrow="9" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">0.060 ± 0.0007</td>
|
||
<td id="983A112DFF84001B8014FB527EBCFB78" box="[633,760,1172,1197]" gridcol="2" gridrow="9" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">0.058–0.063</td>
|
||
<td id="983A112DFF84001B811DFB527842FB78" box="[880,1030,1172,1197]" gridcol="3" gridrow="9" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">0.056</td>
|
||
<td id="983A112DFF84001B8641FB5278C3FB78" box="[1068,1159,1172,1197]" gridcol="4" gridrow="9" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">0.065</td>
|
||
<td id="983A112DFF84001B86BDFB527934FB78" box="[1232,1392,1172,1197]" gridcol="5" gridrow="9" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">0.060</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="DBEB7851FF84001B82CBFB7F7934FB07" box="[166,1392,1209,1234]" gridrow="10" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<th id="983A112DFF84001B82CBFB7F7D48FB07" box="[166,268,1209,1234]" gridcol="0" gridrow="10" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">EY/SV</th>
|
||
<td id="983A112DFF84001B83EEFB7F7E0DFB07" box="[387,585,1209,1234]" gridcol="1" gridrow="10" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">0.062 ± 0.0012</td>
|
||
<td id="983A112DFF84001B8014FB7F7EBCFB07" box="[633,760,1209,1234]" gridcol="2" gridrow="10" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">0.058–0.067</td>
|
||
<td id="983A112DFF84001B811DFB7F7842FB07" box="[880,1030,1209,1234]" gridcol="3" gridrow="10" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">0.069</td>
|
||
<td id="983A112DFF84001B8641FB7F78C3FB07" box="[1068,1159,1209,1234]" gridcol="4" gridrow="10" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">0.076</td>
|
||
<td id="983A112DFF84001B86BDFB7F7934FB07" box="[1232,1392,1209,1234]" gridcol="5" gridrow="10" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">0.068</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="DBEB7851FF84001B82CBFB197934FB2D" box="[166,1392,1247,1272]" gridrow="11" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<th id="983A112DFF84001B82CBFB197D48FB2D" box="[166,268,1247,1272]" gridcol="0" gridrow="11" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">HW/SV</th>
|
||
<td id="983A112DFF84001B83EEFB197E0DFB2D" box="[387,585,1247,1272]" gridcol="1" gridrow="11" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">0.34 ± 0.0011</td>
|
||
<td id="983A112DFF84001B8014FB197EBCFB2D" box="[633,760,1247,1272]" gridcol="2" gridrow="11" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">0.31–0.37</td>
|
||
<td id="983A112DFF84001B811DFB197842FB2D" box="[880,1030,1247,1272]" gridcol="3" gridrow="11" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">0.35</td>
|
||
<td id="983A112DFF84001B8641FB1978C3FB2D" box="[1068,1159,1247,1272]" gridcol="4" gridrow="11" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">0.37</td>
|
||
<td id="983A112DFF84001B86BDFB197934FB2D" box="[1232,1392,1247,1272]" gridcol="5" gridrow="11" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">0.32</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="DBEB7851FF84001B82CBFAC37934FACB" box="[166,1392,1285,1310]" gridrow="12" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<th id="983A112DFF84001B82CBFAC37D48FACB" box="[166,268,1285,1310]" gridcol="0" gridrow="12" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">HL/SV</th>
|
||
<td id="983A112DFF84001B83EEFAC37E0DFACB" box="[387,585,1285,1310]" gridcol="1" gridrow="12" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">0.26 ± 0.0068</td>
|
||
<td id="983A112DFF84001B8014FAC37EBCFACB" box="[633,760,1285,1310]" gridcol="2" gridrow="12" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">0.23–0.28</td>
|
||
<td id="983A112DFF84001B811DFAC37842FACB" box="[880,1030,1285,1310]" gridcol="3" gridrow="12" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">0.26</td>
|
||
<td id="983A112DFF84001B8641FAC378C3FACB" box="[1068,1159,1285,1310]" gridcol="4" gridrow="12" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">0.29</td>
|
||
<td id="983A112DFF84001B86BDFAC37934FACB" box="[1232,1392,1285,1310]" gridcol="5" gridrow="12" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">0.28</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="DBEB7851FF84001B82CBFAED7934FA91" box="[166,1392,1323,1348]" gridrow="13" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<th id="983A112DFF84001B82CBFAED7D48FA91" box="[166,268,1323,1348]" gridcol="0" gridrow="13" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">3rdF/SV</th>
|
||
<td id="983A112DFF84001B83EEFAED7E0DFA91" box="[387,585,1323,1348]" gridcol="1" gridrow="13" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">0.027 ± 0.0005</td>
|
||
<td id="983A112DFF84001B8014FAED7EBCFA91" box="[633,760,1323,1348]" gridcol="2" gridrow="13" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">0.026–0.028</td>
|
||
<td id="983A112DFF84001B811DFAED7842FA91" box="[880,1030,1323,1348]" gridcol="3" gridrow="13" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">0.026</td>
|
||
<td id="983A112DFF84001B8641FAED78C3FA91" box="[1068,1159,1323,1348]" gridcol="4" gridrow="13" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">0.027</td>
|
||
<td id="983A112DFF84001B86BDFAED7934FA91" box="[1232,1392,1323,1348]" gridcol="5" gridrow="13" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">0.024</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="DBEB7851FF84001B82CBFA977934FABF" box="[166,1392,1361,1386]" gridrow="14" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<th id="983A112DFF84001B82CBFA977D48FABF" box="[166,268,1361,1386]" gridcol="0" gridrow="14" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">4thT/SV</th>
|
||
<td id="983A112DFF84001B83EEFA977E0DFABF" box="[387,585,1361,1386]" gridcol="1" gridrow="14" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">0.032 ± 0.0009</td>
|
||
<td id="983A112DFF84001B8014FA977EBCFABF" box="[633,760,1361,1386]" gridcol="2" gridrow="14" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">0.029–0.035</td>
|
||
<td id="983A112DFF84001B811DFA977842FABF" box="[880,1030,1361,1386]" gridcol="3" gridrow="14" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">0.034</td>
|
||
<td id="983A112DFF84001B8641FA9778C3FABF" box="[1068,1159,1361,1386]" gridcol="4" gridrow="14" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">0.032</td>
|
||
<td id="983A112DFF84001B86BDFA977934FABF" box="[1232,1392,1361,1386]" gridcol="5" gridrow="14" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">0.030</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="DBEB7851FF84001B82CBFAB07934FA5A" box="[166,1392,1398,1423]" gridrow="15" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<th id="983A112DFF84001B82CBFAB07D48FA5A" box="[166,268,1398,1423]" gridcol="0" gridrow="15" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">EN/IN</th>
|
||
<td id="983A112DFF84001B83EEFAB07E0DFA5A" box="[387,585,1398,1423]" gridcol="1" gridrow="15" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">0.89 ± 0.0166</td>
|
||
<td id="983A112DFF84001B8014FAB07EBCFA5A" box="[633,760,1398,1423]" gridcol="2" gridrow="15" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">0.84–0.93</td>
|
||
<td id="983A112DFF84001B811DFAB07842FA5A" box="[880,1030,1398,1423]" gridcol="3" gridrow="15" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">0.89</td>
|
||
<td id="983A112DFF84001B8641FAB078C3FA5A" box="[1068,1159,1398,1423]" gridcol="4" gridrow="15" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">0.89</td>
|
||
<td id="983A112DFF84001B86BDFAB07934FA5A" box="[1232,1392,1398,1423]" gridcol="5" gridrow="15" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">0.93</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="DBEB7851FF84001B82CBFA5A7934FA60" box="[166,1392,1436,1461]" gridrow="16" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<th id="983A112DFF84001B82CBFA5A7D48FA60" box="[166,268,1436,1461]" gridcol="0" gridrow="16" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">EY/SN</th>
|
||
<td id="983A112DFF84001B83EEFA5A7E0DFA60" box="[387,585,1436,1461]" gridcol="1" gridrow="16" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">0.67 ± 0.0212</td>
|
||
<td id="983A112DFF84001B8014FA5A7EBCFA60" box="[633,760,1436,1461]" gridcol="2" gridrow="16" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">0.61–0.73</td>
|
||
<td id="983A112DFF84001B811DFA5A7842FA60" box="[880,1030,1436,1461]" gridcol="3" gridrow="16" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">0.67</td>
|
||
<td id="983A112DFF84001B8641FA5A78C3FA60" box="[1068,1159,1436,1461]" gridcol="4" gridrow="16" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">0.69</td>
|
||
<td id="983A112DFF84001B86BDFA5A7934FA60" box="[1232,1392,1436,1461]" gridcol="5" gridrow="16" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">0.74</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="DBEB7851FF84001B82CBFA047934FA0E" box="[166,1392,1474,1499]" gridrow="17" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<th id="983A112DFF84001B82CBFA047D48FA0E" box="[166,268,1474,1499]" gridcol="0" gridrow="17" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">TY/EY</th>
|
||
<td id="983A112DFF84001B83EEFA047E0DFA0E" box="[387,585,1474,1499]" gridcol="1" gridrow="17" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">0.96 ± 0.0282</td>
|
||
<td id="983A112DFF84001B8014FA047EBCFA0E" box="[633,760,1474,1499]" gridcol="2" gridrow="17" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">0.88–1.08</td>
|
||
<td id="983A112DFF84001B811DFA047842FA0E" box="[880,1030,1474,1499]" gridcol="3" gridrow="17" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">0.81</td>
|
||
<td id="983A112DFF84001B8641FA0478C3FA0E" box="[1068,1159,1474,1499]" gridcol="4" gridrow="17" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">0.86</td>
|
||
<td id="983A112DFF84001B86BDFA047934FA0E" box="[1232,1392,1474,1499]" gridcol="5" gridrow="17" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">0.88</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="DBEB7851FF84001B82CBFA2E7934F9D4" box="[166,1392,1512,1537]" gridrow="18" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<th id="983A112DFF84001B82CBFA2E7D48F9D4" box="[166,268,1512,1537]" gridcol="0" gridrow="18" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">HL/HW</th>
|
||
<td id="983A112DFF84001B83EEFA2E7E0DF9D4" box="[387,585,1512,1537]" gridcol="1" gridrow="18" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">0.75 ± 0.0197</td>
|
||
<td id="983A112DFF84001B8014FA2E7EBCF9D4" box="[633,760,1512,1537]" gridcol="2" gridrow="18" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">0.69–0.81</td>
|
||
<td id="983A112DFF84001B811DFA2E7842F9D4" box="[880,1030,1512,1537]" gridcol="3" gridrow="18" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">0.75</td>
|
||
<td id="983A112DFF84001B8641FA2E78C3F9D4" box="[1068,1159,1512,1537]" gridcol="4" gridrow="18" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">0.79</td>
|
||
<td id="983A112DFF84001B86BDFA2E7934F9D4" box="[1232,1392,1512,1537]" gridcol="5" gridrow="18" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">0.88</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="DBEB7851FF84001B82CBF9CB7934F9F3" box="[166,1392,1549,1574]" gridrow="19" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<th id="983A112DFF84001B82CBF9CB7D48F9F3" box="[166,268,1549,1574]" gridcol="0" gridrow="19" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">3rdF/4thT</th>
|
||
<td id="983A112DFF84001B83EEF9CB7E0DF9F3" box="[387,585,1549,1574]" gridcol="1" gridrow="19" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">0.83 ± 0.0147</td>
|
||
<td id="983A112DFF84001B8014F9CB7EBCF9F3" box="[633,760,1549,1574]" gridcol="2" gridrow="19" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">0.79–0.90</td>
|
||
<td id="983A112DFF84001B811DF9CB7842F9F3" box="[880,1030,1549,1574]" gridcol="3" gridrow="19" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">0.78</td>
|
||
<td id="983A112DFF84001B8641F9CB78C3F9F3" box="[1068,1159,1549,1574]" gridcol="4" gridrow="19" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">0.86</td>
|
||
<td id="983A112DFF84001B86BDF9CB7934F9F3" box="[1232,1392,1549,1574]" gridcol="5" gridrow="19" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">0.91</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="65647A13FF84FFF482AAF991781CF860" blockId="16.[151,1437,1623,2046]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
Color pattern is somewhat more variable. All specimens are dark gray brown or dark brown in preservative and vaguely mottled with small lighter and darker patches. Most specimens are considerably darker than the
|
||
<typeStatus id="BA60C4B1FF84FFF4875EF9BD79DCF940" box="[1331,1432,1659,1685]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
, being charcoal gray, but two are are only slightly darker than the
|
||
<typeStatus id="BA60C4B1FF84FFF4810FF9597F8CF96C" box="[866,968,1695,1721]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
. White lateral spots are present in all specimens but are confined to the lower sides in most, extending anteriorly as far as the rictus and continuing under the chin and throat with less contrast to the dark coloration there; these white spots also continue well dorsally in BPBM 37122 and BPBM 37123 (
|
||
<figureCitation id="FDE06696FF84FFF483A8F8CD7E58F8F0" box="[453,540,1803,1829]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1767,1792]" captionTargetBox="[195,1385,170,1749]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[195,1385,170,1756]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 1. Portraits in life of (A) adult Callulops doriae, BPBM 38833, Egiaba, Normanby Island, Milne Bay Province, SV = 77.0 mm; (B) juvenile C. doriae, UMMZ 245247, Suau, Milne Bay Province, SV = 18.1 mm; (C) holotype of C. argus sp. nov., AMNH 82886, Garaina, Morobe Province, SV = 81.0 mm, photo by R.G. Zweifel; (D) paratype of C. bicolor sp. nov., BPBM 19236, NW slope Mt. Obree, Central Province, SV = 70.7 mm; (E) paratype of C. stellatus sp. nov., BPBM 37122, SE slope Mt. Victory, Oro Province, SV = 63.6 mm; (F) holotype of C. stellatus sp. nov., BPBM 39980, S slope Mt. Trafalgar, Oro Province, SV = 63.5 mm; (G) adult paratype of C. taxispilotus sp. nov., MCZ 59898, Bomai, Tive Plateau, Chimbu Province, SV = 79.7 mm, photo by F. Parker; and (H) juvenile paratype of C. taxispilotus sp. nov., MCZ 60804, Bomai, Tive Plateau, Chimbu Province, SV = 37.0 mm, photo by F. Parker." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3233537/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Fig. 1E</figureCitation>
|
||
). Under magnification, many of these white spots form the centers of vaguely defined ocelli. All specimens have pale-gray venters suffused with darker gray on chin and throat. The
|
||
<typeStatus id="BA60C4B1FF84FFF48761F8E9792AF89C" box="[1292,1390,1839,1865]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
and two additional specimens have lighter throats than the others; BPBM 37125 also has a fair amount of dark suffusion on the abdomen, especially laterally. The large cream blotches on the thighs are confined to the hidden surfaces on the front and rear in five specimens but are also evident on the dorsal surfaces in four.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="65647A13FF84FFF582AAF8787E88FF2E" blockId="16.[151,1437,1623,2046]" lastBlockId="17.[151,1437,153,1007]" lastPageId="17" lastPageNumber="18" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<emphasis id="57AFA601FF84FFF482AAF8787D1FF80C" bold="true" box="[199,347,1982,2009]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Color in life.</emphasis>
|
||
Dorsal color in life varies from dark brown or gray with darker-gray spots (
|
||
<figureCitation id="FDE06696FF84FFF486CFF87978B9F80C" box="[1186,1277,1983,2009]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1767,1792]" captionTargetBox="[195,1385,170,1749]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[195,1385,170,1756]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 1. Portraits in life of (A) adult Callulops doriae, BPBM 38833, Egiaba, Normanby Island, Milne Bay Province, SV = 77.0 mm; (B) juvenile C. doriae, UMMZ 245247, Suau, Milne Bay Province, SV = 18.1 mm; (C) holotype of C. argus sp. nov., AMNH 82886, Garaina, Morobe Province, SV = 81.0 mm, photo by R.G. Zweifel; (D) paratype of C. bicolor sp. nov., BPBM 19236, NW slope Mt. Obree, Central Province, SV = 70.7 mm; (E) paratype of C. stellatus sp. nov., BPBM 37122, SE slope Mt. Victory, Oro Province, SV = 63.6 mm; (F) holotype of C. stellatus sp. nov., BPBM 39980, S slope Mt. Trafalgar, Oro Province, SV = 63.5 mm; (G) adult paratype of C. taxispilotus sp. nov., MCZ 59898, Bomai, Tive Plateau, Chimbu Province, SV = 79.7 mm, photo by F. Parker; and (H) juvenile paratype of C. taxispilotus sp. nov., MCZ 60804, Bomai, Tive Plateau, Chimbu Province, SV = 37.0 mm, photo by F. Parker." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3233537/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Figs. 1F</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="FDE06696FF84FFF48764F879795CF80F" box="[1289,1304,1983,2010]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="17.[151,250,1876,1901]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,1017,1864]" captionTargetId="figure@17.[151,1436,1017,1864]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURE 6. Defensive display of a subadult male Callulops stellatus sp. nov., BPBM 39979, SV = 53.3 mm, showing the body inflated with air while either being (A) held to the ground, (B) with the rear of the body elevated off the ground, or (C) the entire body elevated off the ground, in each case clearly exhibiting (D) the bright-orange blotches in the groin and on the rear of the legs." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3233547/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">6</figureCitation>
|
||
) to uniform black, usually with white spots on the dorsum and limbs, sometimes extending across the entire dorsum (
|
||
<figureCitation id="FDE06696FF84FFF48753F82579D7F828" box="[1342,1427,2019,2045]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1767,1792]" captionTargetBox="[195,1385,170,1749]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[195,1385,170,1756]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 1. Portraits in life of (A) adult Callulops doriae, BPBM 38833, Egiaba, Normanby Island, Milne Bay Province, SV = 77.0 mm; (B) juvenile C. doriae, UMMZ 245247, Suau, Milne Bay Province, SV = 18.1 mm; (C) holotype of C. argus sp. nov., AMNH 82886, Garaina, Morobe Province, SV = 81.0 mm, photo by R.G. Zweifel; (D) paratype of C. bicolor sp. nov., BPBM 19236, NW slope Mt. Obree, Central Province, SV = 70.7 mm; (E) paratype of C. stellatus sp. nov., BPBM 37122, SE slope Mt. Victory, Oro Province, SV = 63.6 mm; (F) holotype of C. stellatus sp. nov., BPBM 39980, S slope Mt. Trafalgar, Oro Province, SV = 63.5 mm; (G) adult paratype of C. taxispilotus sp. nov., MCZ 59898, Bomai, Tive Plateau, Chimbu Province, SV = 79.7 mm, photo by F. Parker; and (H) juvenile paratype of C. taxispilotus sp. nov., MCZ 60804, Bomai, Tive Plateau, Chimbu Province, SV = 37.0 mm, photo by F. Parker." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3233537/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Fig. 1E</figureCitation>
|
||
) or sometimes being restricted to the sides. Ventrally, white spotting is evident as well but faded. The large cream blotches in the axilla, groin, and on the hidden surfaces of the legs in preserved specimens are a striking yellow orange in life (
|
||
<figureCitation id="FDE06696FF85FFF58351FF277DD8FF2E" box="[316,412,225,251]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1767,1792]" captionTargetBox="[195,1385,170,1749]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[195,1385,170,1756]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 1. Portraits in life of (A) adult Callulops doriae, BPBM 38833, Egiaba, Normanby Island, Milne Bay Province, SV = 77.0 mm; (B) juvenile C. doriae, UMMZ 245247, Suau, Milne Bay Province, SV = 18.1 mm; (C) holotype of C. argus sp. nov., AMNH 82886, Garaina, Morobe Province, SV = 81.0 mm, photo by R.G. Zweifel; (D) paratype of C. bicolor sp. nov., BPBM 19236, NW slope Mt. Obree, Central Province, SV = 70.7 mm; (E) paratype of C. stellatus sp. nov., BPBM 37122, SE slope Mt. Victory, Oro Province, SV = 63.6 mm; (F) holotype of C. stellatus sp. nov., BPBM 39980, S slope Mt. Trafalgar, Oro Province, SV = 63.5 mm; (G) adult paratype of C. taxispilotus sp. nov., MCZ 59898, Bomai, Tive Plateau, Chimbu Province, SV = 79.7 mm, photo by F. Parker; and (H) juvenile paratype of C. taxispilotus sp. nov., MCZ 60804, Bomai, Tive Plateau, Chimbu Province, SV = 37.0 mm, photo by F. Parker." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3233537/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Figs. 1E</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="FDE06696FF85FFF583C5FF277DFCFF29" box="[424,440,225,252]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="17.[151,250,1876,1901]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,1017,1864]" captionTargetId="figure@17.[151,1436,1017,1864]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURE 6. Defensive display of a subadult male Callulops stellatus sp. nov., BPBM 39979, SV = 53.3 mm, showing the body inflated with air while either being (A) held to the ground, (B) with the rear of the body elevated off the ground, or (C) the entire body elevated off the ground, in each case clearly exhibiting (D) the bright-orange blotches in the groin and on the rear of the legs." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3233547/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">6</figureCitation>
|
||
). The iris is gray brown.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="65647A13FF85FFF582AAFEC27CFBFDCE" blockId="17.[151,1437,153,1007]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
|
||
<emphasis id="57AFA601FF85FFF582AAFEC27D44FECA" bold="true" box="[199,256,260,287]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Call.</emphasis>
|
||
The call is a series of deep-voiced croaks delivered at long intervals. I was able to record ten calls from two individuals. Calls comprised a short series of 3–6 notes emitted at a rate of 0.86–1.47 notes/s; calls ranged from 2.60–
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="00EF1CD4FF85FFF582BAFE8B7D5DFEB2" box="[215,281,333,359]" degrees="3.84" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" precision="555" value="-3.84">3.84 s</geoCoordinate>
|
||
in duration, with a mean of call means of
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="00EF1CD4FF85FFF58080FE8B7F7AFEB2" box="[749,830,333,359]" degrees="0.310" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" precision="55" value="-0.31">0.310 s</geoCoordinate>
|
||
(
|
||
<tableCitation id="28594FA8FF85FFF58126FE8B7FE6FEB2" box="[843,930,333,359]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,239,765,791]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="TABLE 2. Call data for three species of the Callulops doriae species group. Numbers for call parameters are mean ± SD (range)." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/31A42A9BFF90FFE082FAFD3B79BFFCC2" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" tableUuid="31A42A9BFF90FFE082FAFD3B79BFFCC2">Table 2</tableCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="FDE06696FF85FFF581C0FE8B785EFEB2" box="[941,1050,333,359]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1394,1419]" captionTargetBox="[219,1372,186,1376]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[211,1377,170,1382]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 3. Calls of members of the Callulops doriae group. (A) Waveform, (B) amplitude spectrum, and (C) spectrogram of 2-note call of Callulops doriae (BPBM 20141) recorded on S slope Mt. Pekopekowana, 330 m a.s.l., Owen Stanley Mts., Milne Bay Province, 24 May 2004, air temperature 23.6 ˚C, analyzed with fast-Fourier transform of 256 points; (D) waveform, (E) amplitude spectrum, and (F) spectrogram of a 7-note call of the holotype of Callulops bicolor sp. nov. (BPBM 38834) recorded on N slope Mt. Dayman, Milne Bay Province, 7 April 2011, air temperature 25.0–25.9 ˚C, analyzed with fast-Fourier transform of 1024 points; and (G) waveform, (H) amplitude spectrum, and (I) spectrogram of a 5-note call of the holotype of Callulops stellatus sp. nov. (BPBM 39980) recorded on S slope Mt. Trafalgar, 7 November 2011, air temperature 24.3 ˚C, analyzed with fast-Fourier transform of 512 points." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3233541/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Fig. 3G, I</figureCitation>
|
||
) and were delivered at intervals of 57–128 s. Each note was relatively brief, with a mean of note means of
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="00EF1CD4FF85FFF581D4FEB7784EFE5E" box="[953,1034,369,395]" degrees="0.289" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" precision="55" value="-0.289">0.289 s</geoCoordinate>
|
||
(range
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="00EF1CD4FF85FFF5860DFEB778DBFE5E" box="[1120,1183,369,395]" degrees="0.242" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" precision="55" value="0.242">0.242</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="00EF1CD4FF85FFF586F3FEB778A8FE5E" box="[1182,1260,369,395]" degrees="0.392" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" precision="55" value="-0.392">
|
||
–
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="00EF1CD4FF85FFF586C0FEB778A8FE5E" box="[1197,1260,369,395]" degrees="0.392" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" precision="55" value="-0.392">0.392</geoCoordinate>
|
||
</geoCoordinate>
|
||
s). The interval between notes was longer, with a mean of internote means of
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="00EF1CD4FF85FFF5813DFE527FE5FE7A" box="[848,929,404,431]" degrees="0.516" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" precision="55" value="-0.516">0.516 s</geoCoordinate>
|
||
and a range from
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="00EF1CD4FF85FFF5861DFE5378EAFE7A" box="[1136,1198,405,431]" degrees="0.291" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" precision="55" value="0.291">0.291</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="00EF1CD4FF85FFF586C3FE5378B8FE7A" box="[1198,1276,405,431]" degrees="0.942" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" precision="55" value="-0.942">
|
||
–
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="00EF1CD4FF85FFF586D1FE5378B8FE7A" box="[1212,1276,405,431]" degrees="0.942" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" precision="55" value="-0.942">0.942</geoCoordinate>
|
||
</geoCoordinate>
|
||
s. Notes were highly pulsed, had a rounded amplitude envelope (
|
||
<figureCitation id="FDE06696FF85FFF580A2FE7F7F6CFE06" box="[719,808,441,467]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1394,1419]" captionTargetBox="[219,1372,186,1376]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[211,1377,170,1382]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 3. Calls of members of the Callulops doriae group. (A) Waveform, (B) amplitude spectrum, and (C) spectrogram of 2-note call of Callulops doriae (BPBM 20141) recorded on S slope Mt. Pekopekowana, 330 m a.s.l., Owen Stanley Mts., Milne Bay Province, 24 May 2004, air temperature 23.6 ˚C, analyzed with fast-Fourier transform of 256 points; (D) waveform, (E) amplitude spectrum, and (F) spectrogram of a 7-note call of the holotype of Callulops bicolor sp. nov. (BPBM 38834) recorded on N slope Mt. Dayman, Milne Bay Province, 7 April 2011, air temperature 25.0–25.9 ˚C, analyzed with fast-Fourier transform of 1024 points; and (G) waveform, (H) amplitude spectrum, and (I) spectrogram of a 5-note call of the holotype of Callulops stellatus sp. nov. (BPBM 39980) recorded on S slope Mt. Trafalgar, 7 November 2011, air temperature 24.3 ˚C, analyzed with fast-Fourier transform of 512 points." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3233541/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Fig. 3G</figureCitation>
|
||
), and lacked frequency modulation (
|
||
<figureCitation id="FDE06696FF85FFF586A9FE7F7956FE06" box="[1220,1298,441,467]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1394,1419]" captionTargetBox="[219,1372,186,1376]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[211,1377,170,1382]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 3. Calls of members of the Callulops doriae group. (A) Waveform, (B) amplitude spectrum, and (C) spectrogram of 2-note call of Callulops doriae (BPBM 20141) recorded on S slope Mt. Pekopekowana, 330 m a.s.l., Owen Stanley Mts., Milne Bay Province, 24 May 2004, air temperature 23.6 ˚C, analyzed with fast-Fourier transform of 256 points; (D) waveform, (E) amplitude spectrum, and (F) spectrogram of a 7-note call of the holotype of Callulops bicolor sp. nov. (BPBM 38834) recorded on N slope Mt. Dayman, Milne Bay Province, 7 April 2011, air temperature 25.0–25.9 ˚C, analyzed with fast-Fourier transform of 1024 points; and (G) waveform, (H) amplitude spectrum, and (I) spectrogram of a 5-note call of the holotype of Callulops stellatus sp. nov. (BPBM 39980) recorded on S slope Mt. Trafalgar, 7 November 2011, air temperature 24.3 ˚C, analyzed with fast-Fourier transform of 512 points." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3233541/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
|
||
Fig.
|
||
<date id="11655CD3FF85FFF58695FE7F7956FE06" box="[1272,1298,441,467]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">3I</date>
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
). The dominant frequency of calls varied minimally (
|
||
<figureCitation id="FDE06696FF85FFF58006FE1B7E80FE22" box="[619,708,477,503]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1394,1419]" captionTargetBox="[219,1372,186,1376]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[211,1377,170,1382]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 3. Calls of members of the Callulops doriae group. (A) Waveform, (B) amplitude spectrum, and (C) spectrogram of 2-note call of Callulops doriae (BPBM 20141) recorded on S slope Mt. Pekopekowana, 330 m a.s.l., Owen Stanley Mts., Milne Bay Province, 24 May 2004, air temperature 23.6 ˚C, analyzed with fast-Fourier transform of 256 points; (D) waveform, (E) amplitude spectrum, and (F) spectrogram of a 7-note call of the holotype of Callulops bicolor sp. nov. (BPBM 38834) recorded on N slope Mt. Dayman, Milne Bay Province, 7 April 2011, air temperature 25.0–25.9 ˚C, analyzed with fast-Fourier transform of 1024 points; and (G) waveform, (H) amplitude spectrum, and (I) spectrogram of a 5-note call of the holotype of Callulops stellatus sp. nov. (BPBM 39980) recorded on S slope Mt. Trafalgar, 7 November 2011, air temperature 24.3 ˚C, analyzed with fast-Fourier transform of 512 points." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3233541/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Fig. 3H</figureCitation>
|
||
), with a mean of call means of 485 Hz and a range from 377–858 Hz.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="2DC12998FF85FFF582AAFDE37932FD7E" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="65647A13FF85FFF582AAFDE37EF4FDB6" blockId="17.[151,1437,153,1007]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
|
||
<emphasis id="57AFA601FF85FFF582AAFDE37D0AFDEA" bold="true" box="[199,334,549,575]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Etymology.</emphasis>
|
||
The name is a masculine Latin adjective meaning
|
||
<emphasis id="57AFA601FF85FFF581E7FDE07F89FDEA" box="[906,973,550,575]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">starry</emphasis>
|
||
in reference to the usual pattern of white flecks on a black or charcoal-gray ground color.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="65647A13FF85FFF582AAFDAB7932FD7E" blockId="17.[151,1437,153,1007]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
|
||
<emphasis id="57AFA601FF85FFF582AAFDAB7D5EFD52" bold="true" box="[199,282,621,647]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Range.</emphasis>
|
||
Known only from
|
||
<quantity id="A223D7F6FF85FFF5839EFDAA7E36FD52" box="[499,626,620,647]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.6" metricValueMax="5.3" metricValueMin="1.9" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" unit="m" value="360.0" valueMax="530.0" valueMin="190.0">190–530 m</quantity>
|
||
a.s.l. on the southern slopes of Mt. Victory and Mt. Trafalgar, two adjacent volcanos that, along with their alluvial fans, form the Cape Nelson Peninsula,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="A71FB4F1FF85FFF58655FD577894FD7E" box="[1080,1232,657,683]" country="Papua New Guinea" name="Northern" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Oro Province</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="1DCC3A83FF85FFF586B1FD577950FD7E" box="[1244,1300,657,683]" name="Papua New Guinea" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">PNG</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="FDE06696FF85FFF5874EFD57792DFD7E" box="[1315,1385,657,683]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="8.[151,250,729,754]" captionTargetBox="[300,1292,178,713]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[295,1293,170,717]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 4. Map of southeastern New Guinea showing collecting localities for Callulops argus sp. nov. (diamond), C. bicolor sp. nov. (squares), C. doriae (triangles), C. neuhaussi (X), C. stellatus sp. nov. (stars), and C. taxispilota sp. nov. (circles). Type localities are solids; additional localities are open symbols." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3233543/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="2DC12998FF85FFF582AAFD727F0CFC3A" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="65647A13FF85FFF582AAFD7278FFFCC2" blockId="17.[151,1437,153,1007]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
|
||
<emphasis id="57AFA601FF85FFF582AAFD727DCAFD1A" bold="true" box="[199,398,692,719]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Ecological notes.</emphasis>
|
||
I found most animals either sitting on the forest floor at night or calling from under rocks, inside hollow logs, among the flanks of tree buttresses, or on landslips. One animal was found in a dry, rocky riverbed; another was captured in a drift fence. This species called only on nights following heavy rains.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="65647A13FF85FFF582AAFCE77F0CFC3A" blockId="17.[151,1437,153,1007]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
|
||
These frogs produce white, sticky secretions from their dorsal glands that undoubtedly serve an anti-predator function. One of the subadult males (SV =
|
||
<quantity id="A223D7F6FF85FFF58010FC827EA6FC8A" box="[637,738,836,863]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.33" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" unit="mm" value="53.3">53.3 mm</quantity>
|
||
) exhibited a defensive display in which the body was inflated with air while either being held to the ground (
|
||
<figureCitation id="FDE06696FF85FFF580F2FCAF7EBCFC51" box="[671,760,873,900]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="17.[151,250,1876,1901]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,1017,1864]" captionTargetId="figure@17.[151,1436,1017,1864]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURE 6. Defensive display of a subadult male Callulops stellatus sp. nov., BPBM 39979, SV = 53.3 mm, showing the body inflated with air while either being (A) held to the ground, (B) with the rear of the body elevated off the ground, or (C) the entire body elevated off the ground, in each case clearly exhibiting (D) the bright-orange blotches in the groin and on the rear of the legs." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3233547/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Fig. 6A</figureCitation>
|
||
), with the rear of the body elevated off the ground (
|
||
<figureCitation id="FDE06696FF85FFF5875AFCAF79CAFC51" box="[1335,1422,873,900]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="17.[151,250,1876,1901]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,1017,1864]" captionTargetId="figure@17.[151,1436,1017,1864]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURE 6. Defensive display of a subadult male Callulops stellatus sp. nov., BPBM 39979, SV = 53.3 mm, showing the body inflated with air while either being (A) held to the ground, (B) with the rear of the body elevated off the ground, or (C) the entire body elevated off the ground, in each case clearly exhibiting (D) the bright-orange blotches in the groin and on the rear of the legs." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3233547/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Fig. 6B</figureCitation>
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), or with the entire body held off the ground (
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<figureCitation id="FDE06696FF85FFF580EAFC4B7EA4FC7D" box="[647,736,909,936]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="17.[151,250,1876,1901]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,1017,1864]" captionTargetId="figure@17.[151,1436,1017,1864]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURE 6. Defensive display of a subadult male Callulops stellatus sp. nov., BPBM 39979, SV = 53.3 mm, showing the body inflated with air while either being (A) held to the ground, (B) with the rear of the body elevated off the ground, or (C) the entire body elevated off the ground, in each case clearly exhibiting (D) the bright-orange blotches in the groin and on the rear of the legs." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3233547/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Fig. 6C</figureCitation>
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). The entire display serves to clearly exhibit the bright-orange blotches in the groin and on the rear of the legs (
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<figureCitation id="FDE06696FF85FFF580D6FC777F51FC19" box="[699,789,945,972]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="17.[151,250,1876,1901]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,1017,1864]" captionTargetId="figure@17.[151,1436,1017,1864]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURE 6. Defensive display of a subadult male Callulops stellatus sp. nov., BPBM 39979, SV = 53.3 mm, showing the body inflated with air while either being (A) held to the ground, (B) with the rear of the body elevated off the ground, or (C) the entire body elevated off the ground, in each case clearly exhibiting (D) the bright-orange blotches in the groin and on the rear of the legs." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3233547/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Fig. 6D</figureCitation>
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), which presumably serve as a signal to warn of the thick glandular secretions that are readily exuded from the dorsum.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |