300 lines
28 KiB
XML
300 lines
28 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.84.12695" ID-PMC="PMC5624188" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2003-84-1" ID-Pensoft-UUID="FFE3F94B7F29FFC8FFABFFD2FF84CA35" ID-PubMed="29033654" ID-Zenodo-Dep="1137947" ModsDocID="1314-2003-84-1" checkinTime="1502744985838" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Knapp, Sandra, Sagona, Eva, Carbonell, Anna K. Z. & Chiarini, Franco" docDate="2017" docId="CFEF4CD86F985D0582F730C080BF5D53" docLanguage="en" docName="PhytoKeys 84: 1-104" docOrigin="PhytoKeys 84" docPubDate="2017-08-07" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.84.12695" docTitle="Solanum , sensu Stern et al. (2011) and Wahlert et al. (2014)" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" id="FFE3F94B7F29FFC8FFABFFD2FF84CA35" lastPageNumber="7" masterDocId="FFE3F94B7F29FFC8FFABFFD2FF84CA35" masterDocTitle="A revision of the Solanum elaeagnifolium clade (Elaeagnifolium clade; subgenus Leptostemonum, Solanaceae)" masterLastPageNumber="104" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="7" updateTime="1668142028679" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
|
|
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
|
|
<mods:titleInfo>
|
|
<mods:title>A revision of the Solanum elaeagnifolium clade (Elaeagnifolium clade; subgenus Leptostemonum, Solanaceae)</mods:title>
|
|
</mods:titleInfo>
|
|
<mods:name type="personal">
|
|
<mods:role>
|
|
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
|
</mods:role>
|
|
<mods:namePart>Knapp, Sandra</mods:namePart>
|
|
<mods:affiliation>Department of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW 7 5 BD, United Kingdom</mods:affiliation>
|
|
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">s.knapp@nhm.ac.uk</mods:nameIdentifier>
|
|
</mods:name>
|
|
<mods:name type="personal">
|
|
<mods:role>
|
|
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
|
</mods:role>
|
|
<mods:namePart>Sagona, Eva</mods:namePart>
|
|
<mods:affiliation>Department of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW 7 5 BD, United Kingdom & Orto Botanico Forestale di Abetone, Associazione Ecomuseo della Montagna Pistoese, Palazzo Achilli, Piazzetta Achilli n. 7 - 51028 Gavinana, Pistoia (PT), Italy</mods:affiliation>
|
|
</mods:name>
|
|
<mods:name type="personal">
|
|
<mods:role>
|
|
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
|
</mods:role>
|
|
<mods:namePart>Carbonell, Anna K. Z.</mods:namePart>
|
|
<mods:affiliation>Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling FK 9 4 LA, United Kingdom</mods:affiliation>
|
|
</mods:name>
|
|
<mods:name type="personal">
|
|
<mods:role>
|
|
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
|
</mods:role>
|
|
<mods:namePart>Chiarini, Franco</mods:namePart>
|
|
<mods:affiliation>Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biologia Vegetal (IMBIV), CONICET-UNC, Universidad Nacional de Cordoba, Cordoba, Argentina</mods:affiliation>
|
|
</mods:name>
|
|
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
|
|
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
|
|
<mods:titleInfo>
|
|
<mods:title>PhytoKeys</mods:title>
|
|
</mods:titleInfo>
|
|
<mods:part>
|
|
<mods:date>2017</mods:date>
|
|
<mods:detail type="pubDate">
|
|
<mods:number>2017-08-07</mods:number>
|
|
</mods:detail>
|
|
<mods:detail type="volume">
|
|
<mods:number>84</mods:number>
|
|
</mods:detail>
|
|
<mods:extent unit="page">
|
|
<mods:start>1</mods:start>
|
|
<mods:end>104</mods:end>
|
|
</mods:extent>
|
|
</mods:part>
|
|
</mods:relatedItem>
|
|
<mods:location>
|
|
<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.84.12695</mods:url>
|
|
</mods:location>
|
|
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
|
|
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.84.12695</mods:identifier>
|
|
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1314-2003-84-1</mods:identifier>
|
|
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">FFE3F94B7F29FFC8FFABFFD2FF84CA35</mods:identifier>
|
|
<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">1137947</mods:identifier>
|
|
</mods:mods>
|
|
<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="182225880" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:CFEF4CD86F985D0582F730C080BF5D53" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/CFEF4CD86F985D0582F730C080BF5D53" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="7" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
|
<subSubSection pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="nomenclature">
|
|
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
|
The Elaeagnifolium clade of
|
|
<taxonomicName LSID="CFEF4CD8-6F98-5D05-82F7-30C080BF5D53" authority=", sensu Stern et al. (2011) and Wahlert et al. (2014)" authorityName=", sensu Stern et al. (2011) and Wahlert et al. (2014)" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum" order="Solanales" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Solanum, sensu Stern et al. (2011) and Wahlert et al. (2014)</taxonomicName>
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="reference_group">
|
|
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
|
<taxonomicName authority="Leprophora" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum subsp. section" order="Solanales" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="section" section="Leprophora">Solanum section Leprophora</taxonomicName>
|
|
Dunal, Hist.
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum" order="Solanales" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Solanum</taxonomicName>
|
|
125, 181. 1813. Type species.
|
|
<taxonomicName family="Solanaceae" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. elaeagnifolium" order="Solanales" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" rank="species" species="elaeagnifolium">S. elaeagnifolium</taxonomicName>
|
|
Cav.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum ellipticum" order="Solanales" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ellipticum">Solanum ellipticum</taxonomicName>
|
|
species group sensu Whalen (1989),
|
|
<taxonomicName family="Solanaceae" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. elaeagnifolium" order="Solanales" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" rank="species" species="elaeagnifolium">S. elaeagnifolium</taxonomicName>
|
|
only, excl. type.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum vespertilio" order="Solanales" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="vespertilio">Solanum vespertilio</taxonomicName>
|
|
group sensu Whalen (1989),
|
|
<taxonomicName family="Solanaceae" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. houstonii" order="Solanales" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" rank="species" species="houstonii">S. houstonii</taxonomicName>
|
|
only [as
|
|
<taxonomicName family="Solanaceae" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. tridynamum" order="Solanales" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" rank="species" species="tridynamum">S. tridynamum</taxonomicName>
|
|
], excl. type.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
|
<taxonomicName authority="Lathyrocarpum" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum subsp. section" order="Solanales" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="section" section="Lathyrocarpum">Solanum section Lathyrocarpum</taxonomicName>
|
|
G.Don, Series 2
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Nee, M" journalOrPublisher="American Journal of Botany" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" refId="B106" refString="Nee, M, 1999. Synopsis of Solanum in the New World. In: Nee M, Symon DE, Lester RN, Jessop JP (Eds) Solanaceae IV: advances in biology and utilization, Royal Botanic Gardens Kew, Richmond, 285-333." title="Synopsis of Solanum in the New World. In: Nee M, Symon DE, Lester RN, Jessop JP (Eds) Solanaceae IV: advances in biology and utilization, Royal Botanic Gardens Kew, Richmond, 285 - 333." year="1999">Nee (1999)</bibRefCitation>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName family="Solanaceae" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. mortonii" order="Solanales" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" rank="species" species="mortonii">S. mortonii</taxonomicName>
|
|
Hunz. only, excl. type.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
|
<taxonomicName authority="Lathyrocarpum" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum subsp. section" order="Solanales" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="section" section="Lathyrocarpum">Solanum section Lathyrocarpum</taxonomicName>
|
|
G.Don, Series 4
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Nee, M" journalOrPublisher="American Journal of Botany" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" refId="B106" refString="Nee, M, 1999. Synopsis of Solanum in the New World. In: Nee M, Symon DE, Lester RN, Jessop JP (Eds) Solanaceae IV: advances in biology and utilization, Royal Botanic Gardens Kew, Richmond, 285-333." title="Synopsis of Solanum in the New World. In: Nee M, Symon DE, Lester RN, Jessop JP (Eds) Solanaceae IV: advances in biology and utilization, Royal Botanic Gardens Kew, Richmond, 285 - 333." year="1999">Nee (1999)</bibRefCitation>
|
|
. Type species:
|
|
<taxonomicName family="Solanaceae" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. elaeagnifolium" order="Solanales" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" rank="species" species="elaeagnifolium">S. elaeagnifolium</taxonomicName>
|
|
Cav. (incl. also
|
|
<taxonomicName family="Solanaceae" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. hindsianum" order="Solanales" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" rank="species" species="hindsianum">S. hindsianum</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName family="Solanaceae" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. houstonii" order="Solanales" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" rank="species" species="houstonii">S. houstonii</taxonomicName>
|
|
[as
|
|
<taxonomicName family="Solanaceae" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. tridynamum" order="Solanales" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" rank="species" species="tridynamum">S. tridynamum</taxonomicName>
|
|
]).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="description">
|
|
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Description.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
|
Shrubs, sometimes rhizomatous, armed or unarmed. Stems terete, pubescent with multangulate, porrect-stellate or lepidote trichomes, sometimes glabrescent. Sympodial units difoliate or occasionally trifoliate or plurifoliate, not geminate. Leaves simple to shallowly lobed to occasionally somewhat pinnatifid, concolorous or discolorous, densely pubescent with multangulate, stellate or lepidote trichomes; petioles well developed, sometimes channelled above. Inflorescences terminal to lateral, usually unbranched, occasionally furcate, not bracteate, with up to 10 flowers (exceptionally to 26 flowers in
|
|
<taxonomicName family="Solanaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. houstonii" order="Solanales" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" rank="species" species="houstonii">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">S. houstonii</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
), in andromonoecious plants with a single (or two) hermaphroditic long-styled flowers at the base and all distal flowers short-styled and functionally staminate; peduncle robust, clearly distinct armed or unarmed; pedicels articulated at the base, armed or unarmed. Flowers 5-merous, actinomorphic to zygomorphic, perfect or strongly heteromorphic with long- and short-styled morphs and the plants andromonoecious. Calyx armed or unarmed, the lobes deltate and usually strongly keeled with an elongate acumen. Corolla stellate or rotate stellate, purple or occasionally white, usually with a green star at the base, the lobes spreading or slightly reflexed at anthesis. Stamens unequal, sometimes markedly so (
|
|
<taxonomicName family="Solanaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. houstonii" order="Solanales" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" rank="species" species="houstonii">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">S. houstonii</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
), the filaments equal, the anthers strongly tapering with distally directed pores, usually somewhat spreading and not connivent. Ovary conical, vestigial in strongly andromonoecious species, glabrous or sparsely stellate-pubescent; style in long-styled flowers straight or curved, glabrous or sparsely stellate-pubescent near the base; stigma clavate in long-styled flowers, vestigial in short-styled flowers. Fruit a globose berry, indehiscent or dehiscent, often enclosed in the accrescent calyx; pericarp brittle at fruit maturity, glabrous. Seeds flattened reniform, yellowish tan or blackish brown, often shiny with what appears to be a sticky substance. Chromosome number: n=12, 24, 36 (
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Moscone, E" journalOrPublisher="Darwiniana" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" pagination="261 - 297" refId="B102" refString="Moscone, E, 1992. Estudios sobre cromosomas meioticos en Solanaceae de Argentina. Darwiniana 31: 261 - 297" title="Estudios sobre cromosomas meioticos en Solanaceae de Argentina." volume="31" year="1992">Moscone 1992</bibRefCitation>
|
|
;
|
|
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.2307/25065428" author="Acosta, MC" journalOrPublisher="Taxon" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" pagination="713 - 723" refId="B1" refString="Acosta, MC, Bernardello, G, Guerra, M, Moscone, EA, 2005. Karyotype analysis in several South American species of Solanum and Lycianthes rantonnei (Solanaceae). Taxon 54: 713 - 723, DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/25065428" title="Karyotype analysis in several South American species of Solanum and Lycianthes rantonnei (Solanaceae)." url="https://doi.org/10.2307/25065428" volume="54" year="2005">Acosta et al. 2005</bibRefCitation>
|
|
;
|
|
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1007/s10722-012-9807-9" author="Scaldaferro, M" journalOrPublisher="Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" pagination="1833 - 1847" refId="B122" refString="Scaldaferro, M, Chiarini, F, Santinaque, FF, Bernardello, G, Moscone, EA, 2012. Geographical pattern and ploidy levels of the weed Solanum elaeagnifolium (Solanaceae) from Argentina. Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution 59: 1833 - 1847, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10722-012-9807-9" title="Geographical pattern and ploidy levels of the weed Solanum elaeagnifolium (Solanaceae) from Argentina." url="https://doi.org/10.1007/s10722-012-9807-9" volume="59" year="2012">Scaldaferro et al. 2012</bibRefCitation>
|
|
;
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Chiarini, F" journalOrPublisher="Darwiniana" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" refId="B28" refString="Chiarini, F, Lipari, D, Barboza, GE, Knapp, D, in press. Solanaceae, in IOPB Chromosome Reports. Taxon." title="Solanaceae, in IOPB Chromosome Reports. Taxon." year="in press">Chiarini et al. in press</bibRefCitation>
|
|
).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="distribution">
|
|
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Distribution.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
|
An exclusively New World group occurring in North America (western United States and Mexico) and southern South America (Argentina, Paraguay, Brazil, Uruguay, Chile). One species,
|
|
<taxonomicName family="Solanaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. elaeagnifolium" order="Solanales" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" rank="species" species="elaeagnifolium">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">S. elaeagnifolium</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
, is an invasive weed in dry areas worldwide.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="discussion">
|
|
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Discussion.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
|
As discussed above under Phylogeny and as can be seen by the synonymy of the clade, members of this group were previously not thought to be closely related. Their resolution as sister to the diverse and diversifying Old World clade of spiny solanums makes them of particular interest in terms of character evolution.
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Nee, M" journalOrPublisher="American Journal of Botany" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" refId="B106" refString="Nee, M, 1999. Synopsis of Solanum in the New World. In: Nee M, Symon DE, Lester RN, Jessop JP (Eds) Solanaceae IV: advances in biology and utilization, Royal Botanic Gardens Kew, Richmond, 285-333." title="Synopsis of Solanum in the New World. In: Nee M, Symon DE, Lester RN, Jessop JP (Eds) Solanaceae IV: advances in biology and utilization, Royal Botanic Gardens Kew, Richmond, 285 - 333." year="1999">Nee (1999)</bibRefCitation>
|
|
placed all of the species treated here in his section
|
|
<taxonomicName family="Solanaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Solanales" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" rank="section" section="Lathyrocarpum">Lathyrocarpum</taxonomicName>
|
|
(whose type species is
|
|
<taxonomicName family="Solanaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. carolinense" order="Solanales" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" rank="species" species="carolinense">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">S. carolinense</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
L., see
|
|
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1600/036364415X689302" author="Wahlert, GA" journalOrPublisher="Systematic Botany" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" pagination="853 - 887" refId="B145" refString="Wahlert, GA, Chiarini, F, Bohs, L, 2015. A revision of Solanum section Lathyrocarpum (the Carolinense clade, Solanaceae). Systematic Botany 40: 853 - 887, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1600/036364415X689302" title="A revision of Solanum section Lathyrocarpum (the Carolinense clade, Solanaceae)." url="https://doi.org/10.1600/036364415X689302" volume="40" year="2015">Wahlert et al. 2015</bibRefCitation>
|
|
) in two different series; in this he followed the views of
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Hunziker, AT" journalOrPublisher="Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" refId="B61" refString="Hunziker, AT, 1979. Estudios sobre Solanaceae IX: Solanum mortonii, especie nueva del noroeste de Argentina. Kurtziana 12-13: 133-138." title="Estudios sobre Solanaceae IX: Solanum mortonii, especie nueva del noroeste de Argentina. Kurtziana 12 - 13: 133 - 138." year="1979">Hunziker (1979)</bibRefCitation>
|
|
.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
|
The clade, as is common with the groups of spiny solanums, has few unambiguous and unique synapomorphies. The andromonoecious habit (very weak in
|
|
<taxonomicName family="Solanaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. elaeagnifolium" order="Solanales" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" rank="species" species="elaeagnifolium">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">S. elaeagnifolium</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
), unusual dry and often dehiscent berries, dark sticky seeds, silvery pubescence and propensity to grow in arid zones are all characters that are shared by the species in this group. None of these are unique to the
|
|
<taxonomicName family="Solanaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. elaeagnifolium" order="Solanales" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" rank="species" species="elaeagnifolium">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">S. elaeagnifolium</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
group, however, either in
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Solanum</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
or in
|
|
<taxonomicName family="Solanaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" rank="family">Solanaceae</taxonomicName>
|
|
more widely, although the dehiscent berries of all these species (save
|
|
<taxonomicName family="Solanaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. elaeagnifolium" order="Solanales" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" rank="species" species="elaeagnifolium">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">S. elaeagnifolium</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
) are only rarely found in
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Solanum</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
(e.g.,
|
|
<taxonomicName family="Solanaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. tununduggae" order="Solanales" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" rank="species" species="tununduggae">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">S. tununduggae</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName family="Solanaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. vansittartensis" order="Solanales" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" rank="species" species="vansittartensis">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">S. vansittartensis</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
of Australia, see
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Symon, DE" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the Adelaide Botanic Garden" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" pagination="1 - 367" refId="B137" refString="Symon, DE, 1981. A revision of Solanum in Australia. Journal of the Adelaide Botanic Garden 4: 1 - 367" title="A revision of Solanum in Australia." volume="4" year="1981">Symon 1981</bibRefCitation>
|
|
;
|
|
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1093/jxb/erf068" author="Knapp, S" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Experimental Botany" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" pagination="2001 - 2022" refId="B68" refString="Knapp, S, 2002a. Tobacco to tomatoes: a phylogenetic perspective on fruit diversity in the Solanaceae. Journal of Experimental Botany 53: 2001 - 2022, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/jxb/erf068" title="Tobacco to tomatoes: a phylogenetic perspective on fruit diversity in the Solanaceae." url="https://doi.org/10.1093/jxb/erf068" volume="53" year="2002 a">Knapp 2002a</bibRefCitation>
|
|
).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="8" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="artificial key to the species of the s. elaeagnifolium group">
|
|
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
|
Artificial key to the species of the
|
|
<taxonomicName family="Solanaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. elaeagnifolium" order="Solanales" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" rank="species" species="elaeagnifolium">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">S. elaeagnifolium</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
group
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="8" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
|
<table inLine="true" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="8" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
|
<tr pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" rowspan="1">1</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" rowspan="1">Pubescence of leaves lepidote, the trichomes with the rays fused at the base; prickles, if present, often orange; flowers mostly all perfect; stamens equal or nearly so; fruits more than 1 per infructescence</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" rowspan="1">
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
|
1.
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum elaeagnifolium" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="elaeagnifolium">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Solanum elaeagnifolium</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" rowspan="1">-</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" rowspan="1">Pubescence of leaves stellate or multangulate, the trichomes with the rays not fused or if very slightly fused near the base; prickles, if present, brown or yellow; flowers heteromorphic, not all perfect; stamens unequal; fruits usually 1 per infructescence.</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" rowspan="1">
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">2</emphasis>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" rowspan="1">2</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" rowspan="1">Trichomes of stems and leaves multangulate, the rays in multiple planes; Argentina</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" rowspan="1">
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
|
5.
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum mortonii" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="mortonii">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Solanum mortonii</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" rowspan="1">-</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" rowspan="1">Trichomes of stems and leaves stellate, the rays in a single spreading plane (porrect-stellate)</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" rowspan="1">
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">3</emphasis>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" rowspan="1">3</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" rowspan="1">Pedicels strongly deflexed in fruit; trichome rays always fewer than 10; midpoint equal in length to the lateral rays; flowers white; Argentina</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" rowspan="1">
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
|
3.
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum homalospermum" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="homalospermum">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Solanum homalospermum</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" rowspan="1">-</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" rowspan="1">Pedicels erect in fruit; trichome rays usually more than 10; midpoint shorter than the lateral rays; flowers purple or lavender (occasionally white); Mexico</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" rowspan="1">
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">4</emphasis>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" rowspan="1">
|
|
<pageBreakToken pageId="7" pageNumber="8" start="start">4</pageBreakToken>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" rowspan="1">Flowers weakly heteromorphic, the anthers in hermaphroditic and staminate flowers not different, straight or only slightly curved; fruiting calyx not or only sparsely prickly, usually not covering the berry by more than 2/3 of its length; Sonoran Desert</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" rowspan="1">
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
|
2.
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum hindsianum" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="hindsianum">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Solanum hindsianum</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" rowspan="1">-</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" rowspan="1">Flowers strongly heteromorphic, the hermaphroditic flower with the anthers more or less equal in size, the staminate flowers with 3 anthers much longer than the rest and strongly curved; fruiting calyx prickly, accrescent and almost completely enclosing the berry; widespread in Mexico</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" rowspan="1">
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
|
4.
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum houstonii" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="houstonii">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Solanum houstonii</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</table>
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
</treatment>
|
|
</document> |