323 lines
33 KiB
XML
323 lines
33 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.746.22020" ID-GBIF-Dataset="398e247a-455e-44af-b2ac-abb8b9a4942b" ID-PMC="PMC5904419" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-746-51" ID-PubMed="29674896" ID-ZBK="DF12B2D041554B10B3A3A0B1E755DFF6" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2018" ModsDocID="1313-2970-746-51" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 746" ModsDocTitle="Deep intraspecific DNA barcode splits and hybridisation in the Udeaalpinalis group (Insecta, Lepidoptera, Crambidae) – an integrative revision" checkinTime="1522144730391" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Mally, Richard, Huemer, Peter & Nuss, Matthias" docDate="2018" docId="CE1A1160FDB90F8804EA9F70E9F4A14E" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 746: 51-90" docOrigin="ZooKeys 746" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.746.22020" docTitle="Udea austriacalis Herrich-Schaeffer 1851, stat. rev." docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="63" masterDocId="5C28FFE7FF8D5848D4017C1B78380C2D" masterDocTitle="Deep intraspecific DNA barcode splits and hybridisation in the Udeaalpinalis group (Insecta, Lepidoptera, Crambidae) - an integrative revision" masterLastPageNumber="90" masterPageNumber="51" pageNumber="56" updateTime="1668165631775" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Deep intraspecific DNA barcode splits and hybridisation in the Udeaalpinalis group (Insecta, Lepidoptera, Crambidae) - an integrative revision</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Mally, Richard</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Huemer, Peter</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Nuss, Matthias</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2018</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>746</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>51</mods:start>
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<mods:end>90</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.746.22020</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.746.22020</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-746-51</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZBK">DF12B2D041554B10B3A3A0B1E755DFF6</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">DF12B2D041554B10B3A3A0B1E755DFF6</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="142656898" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:CE1A1160FDB90F8804EA9F70E9F4A14E" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/CE1A1160FDB90F8804EA9F70E9F4A14E" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="63" pageId="5" pageNumber="56">
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<subSubSection pageId="5" pageNumber="56" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="56">
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<taxonomicName authority="Herrich-Schaeffer, 1851" authorityName="Herrich-Schaeffer" authorityYear="1851" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Udea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Udea austriacalis" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="austriacalis">
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<pageBreakToken pageId="5" pageNumber="56" start="start">Udea</pageBreakToken>
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austriacalis (
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Herrich-Schäffer">Herrich-Schaeffer</normalizedToken>
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, 1851)
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="5" pageNumber="56">stat. rev.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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Figs 1, 2-3, 4, 7-10, 23-28, 45
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="5" pageNumber="56" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="56">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Botys" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Botys austriacalis" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="austriacalis">Botys austriacalis</taxonomicName>
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Herrich-Schäffer">Herrich-Schaeffer</normalizedToken>
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, 1851: 288 [1851 - binominal], pl. 20 fig. 142 [1849 - uninominal].
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="56">
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=
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Botys" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Botys nitidalis" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nitidalis">Botys nitidalis</taxonomicName>
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Heinemann, 1865: 83.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="56">
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=
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Botys" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Botys sororialis" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sororialis">Botys sororialis</taxonomicName>
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Heyden, 1860: 93.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="5" pageNumber="56" type="type locality">
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<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="56">Type locality.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="56">Austria, Carinthia, Hohe Tauern, Grossglockner.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="57" pageId="5" pageNumber="56" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="56">Material examined.</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="57" pageId="5" pageNumber="56">
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Central Alps and Balkan clade (BOLD BIN AAD2364; aus3 in Fig. 1): AUSTRIA. 1♂ "Austria merid.,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Kärnten">Kaernten</normalizedToken>
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| Dellach im Drautal |
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Zollnertörl">Zollnertoerl</normalizedToken>
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|
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<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="15" value="13.073334">13°04'24"E</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="46.59944">46°35'58"N</geoCoordinate>
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| 1830 m, 1.7.2009 | leg. Huemer | TLMF 2009-138", [pale green label] "BC TLMF Lep 00837", [salmon-pink label] "DNA voucher | Lepidoptera | ZMBN 2016 | [transverse] no. 419", Mally prep. no. 1041 (TLMF); 1♂ same data but without DNA voucher label and with [pale green label] "BC TLMF Lep 00838", Mally prep. no. 1109 (TLMF); 1♂ "[handwritten] Vent | Oetztal | [handwritten] 19.VII1942 | E.
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Möbius”">Moebius"</normalizedToken>
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, "Coll. STARKE / Bautzen | Ankauf 1953 |
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Übernahme">Uebernahme</normalizedToken>
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1969", Mally prep. no. 9 (MTD); 1♂ "Teriolis |
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Ötztal">Oetztal</normalizedToken>
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[handwritten] 2000 m | Vent [handwritten] 31/7 1926" (NHMW); SWITZERLAND. 1♂ "Lukmanierpass | W. Heinitz | 1910"; "zu
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<normalizedToken originalValue="prüfen">pruefen</normalizedToken>
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! | Pionea nebulalis | Pyrausta austriacalis | sororialis",
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<normalizedToken originalValue="“20069”">"20069"</normalizedToken>
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, "Coll. W. Heinitz | Ankauf 1950", Mally prep. no. 417 (MTD); 1♂ "Fusio, | [handwritten] 20. July, 1917, | (K.J. & N.C.R.)", [handwritten] Pyrausta | austriacalis | ♂ H.-S.", "Rothschild | Bequest | B.M.1939-1.", Mally prep. no. 1092 (NHMUK); 1♀ "[handwritten] Pontresi- | na. 61 10/4",
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<normalizedToken originalValue="“♀”">"♀"</normalizedToken>
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, " 21513", "Coll. W. Heinitz | Ankauf 1950", Mally prep. no. 10 (MTD); 1♀ [handwritten] "Pontresina | Switz | 12.VII.1965 | [printed] S.N.A.JACOBS.", "Brit. Mus. | 197 [handwritten]2 305", Mally prep. no. 1091 (NHMUK); ITALY. 1♂ "Italien, Prov.
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Südtirol">Suedtirol</normalizedToken>
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| Kastelruth, Saltner
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Hütte">Huette</normalizedToken>
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SE | 1870 m, 17.6.2007 | leg. Huemer | TLMF 2008-009", "Udea austriacalis | det. P. Huemer 2008", [orange label] "DNA voucher | Lepidoptera | M. Nuss 2007 | [transverse] no. 238", Mally prep. no. 69 (TLMF); 1♂ "Italy,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Südtirol">Suedtirol</normalizedToken>
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, Sellagruppe | Sela de Culac, 2018m, | Wirtschaftswiese, Tagfang | 05.08.2008, leg. Nuss et al.", [pale green label] "BC MTD 00758", [salmon-pink label] "DNA voucher | Lepidoptera | ZMBN 2016 | [transverse] no. 421", Mally prep. no. 1043 (MTD); 1♂ "Italien, Prov. Belluno | Passo di Valparola E - Passo | Falzarego |
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<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="12.006972">12°0'25,1"E</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="46.52239">46°31'20,6"N</geoCoordinate>
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| 2150 m, 20.-21.7.2009 | leg. Huemer | TLMF 2009-138", [pale green label] "BC TLMF Lep 00570", [salmon-pink label] "DNA voucher | Lepidoptera | ZMBN 2016 | [transverse] no. 422", Mally prep. no. 1044 (TLMF); 1♂ [handwritten] "Prad. Alp. | b.Trafoi | Juli 871." (NHMW); 1♂ [handwritten] "Rognhofr | Stilfser | Joch | 1871." (NHMW); 1♂ "Sella-Joch, | Rbl. VII" (NHMW); 1♀ "Sellajoch | W. Heinitz | 1912",
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<normalizedToken originalValue="“♂”">"♂"</normalizedToken>
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, [handwritten]
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<normalizedToken originalValue="“25736”">"25736"</normalizedToken>
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, "Coll. W. Heinitz | Ankauf 1950", Mally prep. no. 50 (MTD); 1♀ "Italy,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Südtirol">Suedtirol</normalizedToken>
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, Sellagruppe | Sela de Culac, 2018m, | Wirtschaftswiese, Tagfang | 05.08.2008, leg. Nuss et al.", [orange label] "DNA voucher | Lepidoptera | M. Nuss 2007 | [transverse] no. 292", Mally prep. no. 114 (MTD); ALBANIA and MACEDONIA. 1♂ "Macedonia, NP Mavrovo | Korab, Korabska jezero, | Kobilino pole, 2080-2180 m |
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<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="15" value="20.581945">20°34'55"E</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="41.77833">41°46'42"N</geoCoordinate>
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| 28.7.-1.8.2011 | leg. Huemer & Tarmann", [pale green label] "BC TLMF Lep 05069", [salmon-pink label] "DNA
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<pageBreakToken pageId="6" pageNumber="57" start="start">voucher</pageBreakToken>
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| Lepidoptera | ZMBN 2016 | [transverse] no. 420", Mally prep. no. 1042 (TLMF); 1♂ 1♀ "Alban.Exp.1918 | Korab,23
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<normalizedToken originalValue="–31.VII”">-31.VII"</normalizedToken>
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, Mally prep. no. 1096 (♀) (NHMW); BULGARIA. 2♂ "Ende | Juli", "Bulgarien | Rebel '02. | [handwritten] Rila 1300 [underlined] m" (NHMW); 1♂ [handwritten] "Rila | c.1800 m | 25.VII 02" (NHMW); RUSSIA. 1♂ "Kaukasus | [handwritten] Dombai | Tsihutsihur- | Tal leg. Alberti; [Unterseite] 2300 m | 5.7.1968", [green label, handwritten] "1 | Amsel", [handwritten] austriacalis", Mally prep. no. 205 (ZSM);
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="58" pageId="6" pageNumber="57" type="maritime alps barcode clade">
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<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="57">Maritime Alps Barcode clade</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="58" pageId="6" pageNumber="57">
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(BOLD BIN AAD2363; aus2 in Fig. 1): FRANCE. 1♂ "Frankreich, Alpes-Maritimes | PN Mercantour | N Col de la Cayolle | Col de la Boucharde N |
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<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="15" value="6.743334">6°44'36"E</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="44.283333">44°17'00"N</geoCoordinate>
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| 1930-1950m, 26.7.2009 | leg. Huemer", [pale green label] "BC TLMF Lep 00988", [orange label] "DNA voucher |
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<taxonomicName lsidName="Udea" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="57" rank="order">Lepidoptera</taxonomicName>
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| Mally 2011 | [transverse] no. LEP961", Mally prep. no. 449 (TLMF); 1♂ [handwritten]
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<normalizedToken originalValue="“NÉVACHE">"NEVACHE</normalizedToken>
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| HAUTES-ALPES | July 29-Aug.16, 1924 | Wm Fassnidge.", "Brit. Mus. | 197[handwritten]2 305", [folded label] "2059.austriacalis [handwritten] 123 | Herrich-Schaffer." (NHMUK); 1♂ "Valloire, Savoie, | 11. July 1910. | (W. R. & K. J.)", "Rothschild | Bequest | B.M.1939-1.", Mally prep. no. 1105 (NHMUK); 1♂ "La Grave, Hautes Alpes, | 1500-1800 m. | 21. July 1908. | (W. R. & K. J.)", "Rothschild | Bequest | 1939-1." (NHMUK); 1♂ "Le Lautaret, | Hautes Alpes, | 2000-2300 m., | 4. August 1908. | (W. R. & K. J.)", "Rothschild | Bequest | 1939-1." (NHMUK); 1♂ "Frankreich, Alpes-Maritimes | PN Mercantour | N Col de la Cayolle | Col de la Boucharde N |
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<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="15" value="6.743334">6°44'36"E</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="44.283333">44°17'00"N</geoCoordinate>
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| 1930-1950 m, 26.7.2009 | leg. Huemer", [turquoise label] "BC TLMF Lep 00633" (TLMF); 1♂ "Frankreich, Alpes-Maritimes | PN Mercantour | N Col de la Cayolle | Col de la Boucharde N |
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<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="15" value="6.743334">6°44'36"E</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="44.283333">44°17'00"N</geoCoordinate>
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| 1930-1950 m, 26.7.2009 | leg. Huemer", [turquoise label] "BC TLMF Lep 00987" (TLMF); 1♂ "MAURIN.B-ALPES | [handwritten] 25
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<pageBreakToken pageId="7" pageNumber="58" start="start">8</pageBreakToken>
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1932 | W.FASSNIDGE.", "Brit. Mus. | 197[handwritten]2 305", Mally prep. no. 1106 (NHMUK); 1♀ same data but "1 8 1932", Mally prep. no. 1101 (NHMUK); 1♀ "Frankreich, Dep. Basses Alpes | SW Castel de Restfond | Ste. De Caire Brun N | 2420m, 25.-26.7.1990 | leg. Huemer & Tarmann", [orange label] "DNA voucher |
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<taxonomicName lsidName="Udea" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="58" rank="order">Lepidoptera</taxonomicName>
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| Mally 2011 | [transverse] no. 962", Mally prep. no. 450 (TLMF); ITALY. 1♂ "Italien, Prov. Cuneo | Alpi Cozie, Demonte NW |
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="44.384445">44°23'04"N</geoCoordinate>
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<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="15" value="7.1063886">7°6'23"E</geoCoordinate>
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| 2.8.2010 | leg. Huemer | TLMF 2011-010", [orange label] "DNA voucher |
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<taxonomicName lsidName="Udea" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="58" rank="order">Lepidoptera</taxonomicName>
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| Mally 2011 | [transverse] no. 960", Mally prep. no. 448 (TLMF); 1♂ "Italy, Prov. Piemonte, | Colle di Lombarda, | 2300 m, 25.vii.2006, | Peder Skou leg.", [yellow label] "Coll. ZMUC | Copenhagen, DK", [pale green label] "BC MTD 01617", [salmon-pink label] "DNA voucher |
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<taxonomicName lsidName="Udea" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="58" rank="order">Lepidoptera</taxonomicName>
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| ZMBN 2016 | [transverse] no. 424", Mally prep. no. 1046 (ZMUC); 1♂ "Italien, Prov. Cuneo | Alpi Cozie, Demonte NW | Gias Valcavera |
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<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="92" value="7.136667">7°8,2'E</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="92" value="44.376667">44°22,6'N</geoCoordinate>
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| 2050 m, 23.7.2009 | leg. Huemer | TLMF 2009-138", [turquoise label] "BC TLMF Lep 00971", [salmon-pink label] "DNA voucher |
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<taxonomicName lsidName="Udea" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="58" rank="order">Lepidoptera</taxonomicName>
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| ZMBN 2016 | [transverse] no. 423", Mally prep. no. 1045 (TLMF); 1♀ "Piemont,Colle di |
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Sestrières,18–">Sestrieres,18-</normalizedToken>
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2100m | 23.
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<normalizedToken originalValue="–31.VII.’37,Zerny”">-31.VII.'37,Zerny"</normalizedToken>
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, Mally prep. no. 1097 (NHMW).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="59" pageId="7" pageNumber="58" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="58">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="59" pageId="7" pageNumber="58">
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Outer side of labial
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<normalizedToken originalValue="palps’">palps'</normalizedToken>
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2nd and 3rd palpomeres pronouncedly darker than the rest of the labial palps; in
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<taxonomicName lsidName="U. donzelalis" pageId="7" pageNumber="58" rank="species" species="donzelalis">U. donzelalis</taxonomicName>
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, labial
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<normalizedToken originalValue="palps’">palps'</normalizedToken>
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2nd and 3rd palpomeres on outside barely darker than rest of labial palps. Maculation of forewing usually less pronounced than in
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<taxonomicName lsidName="U. donzelalis" pageId="7" pageNumber="58" rank="species" species="donzelalis">U. donzelalis</taxonomicName>
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, the apical brown streak often narrower; hindwing
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<pageBreakToken pageId="8" pageNumber="59" start="start">in</pageBreakToken>
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females dorsally evenly dark brown, whereas in
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<taxonomicName lsidName="U. donzelalis" pageId="8" pageNumber="59" rank="species" species="donzelalis">U. donzelalis</taxonomicName>
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the inner area is greyish cream-white, contrasted by a darker outer band. In the male genitalia, the fibula of
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<taxonomicName lsidName="U. austriacalis" pageId="8" pageNumber="59" rank="species" species="austriacalis">U. austriacalis</taxonomicName>
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is generally a bit narrower and more evenly broad from the base to the subapex; in
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<taxonomicName lsidName="U. donzelalis" pageId="8" pageNumber="59" rank="species" species="donzelalis">U. donzelalis</taxonomicName>
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the fibula is somewhat broader and elongate triangular. In the female genitalia, the signum of
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<taxonomicName lsidName="U. austriacalis" pageId="8" pageNumber="59" rank="species" species="austriacalis">U. austriacalis</taxonomicName>
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is 3.4-4.4 times as long as broad (n = 8), whereas in
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<taxonomicName lsidName="U. donzelalis" pageId="8" pageNumber="59" rank="species" species="donzelalis">U. donzelalis</taxonomicName>
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the signum is on average narrower, being 4.1-5.1 times as long as broad (n = 6) (Tab. 1).
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Udea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Udea austriacalis" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="austriacalis">Udea austriacalis</taxonomicName>
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can furthermore be distinguished by the COI Barcode from all other sequenced
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Udea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Udea" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Udea</taxonomicName>
|
||
species; the two allopatric DNA barcode clades of
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="U. austriacalis" pageId="8" pageNumber="59" rank="species" species="austriacalis">U. austriacalis</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the first confined to the Maritime Alps and the second from other parts of the Alps, the Balkan Mountains and the Caucasus, do not differ from each other morphologically and in the nuclear genes wingless and EF1-alpha, so that they are considered conspecific. The two COI Barcode clades are the nearest neighbours to each other, and they differ by a minimum of 2.38 % p-distance of nucleotide divergence from each other; the Maritime Alps clade also has
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="U. cretacea" pageId="8" pageNumber="59" rank="species" species="cretacea">U. cretacea</taxonomicName>
|
||
as nearest neighbour with 2.38% p-distance of minimum nucleotide divergence (Tab. 3).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="61" pageId="8" pageNumber="59" type="redescription">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="59">Redescription.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="60" pageId="8" pageNumber="59">
|
||
Head. Frons and vertex covered with beige scales; frons evenly convex, covered with beige to light brown scales; labial palps projecting forward, third segment pointed, palps covered with beige scales, outer sides of labial
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="palps’">palps'</normalizedToken>
|
||
second and third segment light to dark brown; maxillary palps approximately one quarter as long as labial palps, with beige apical scale tuft; compound eyes hemispherical; proboscis well developed, its base covered in pale beige and dark brown scales; antennae filiform,
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="9" pageNumber="60" start="start">posterior</pageBreakToken>
|
||
side covered in pale beige scales, anterior side in males densely covered with cilia shorter than the basal antennal radius, shorter still in females, antennal length approx. 50-60 % of forewing length in males, approx. 70 % in females; ocellus posterior to antenna base.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="60">Thorax. Cream-white, with collar and anterior part of tegulae scales more caramel-coloured; legs cream-white except for dark brown inner side of fore- and midlegs as well as distal half of hindlegs; tibial spurs on fore-/mid-/hindleg 0/2/4, as in other species of the genus; midleg outer spur ca. 2/3 length of inner spur; hindleg outer spurs ca. 2/3 length of inner spurs.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="60">
|
||
Wings. Forewing length 11-13 mm in males, 8-10 mm in females. Males and females with one frenulum bristle. Females with more acute apex due to the straight costa (distally curved in males). Forewing ground colour glossy cream-white to beige, with maculation more or less prominent: basal two thirds of costa with light brown streak, distal discoidal stigma a diffuse brownish dot, postmedial line brownish, arching around distal discoidal stigma, then turning basad until below distal discoidal stigma, sharply arching back outwards (the typical "
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Udea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Udea" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="60" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Udea</taxonomicName>
|
||
loop"), then following course of arch in postmedial
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="line’s">line's</normalizedToken>
|
||
anterior part and meeting with dorsum at about two thirds of dorsum length; apical streak more or less pronounced, narrow; ends of veins on dorsum in some specimens with minute dark brown dots, but often missing; fringe light cream-white. Hindwing in males cream-white to brownish, postmedial line brown, more or less clear, terminal band brown, often only at apex; hindwing in females evenly dark brown, some specimens with a slightly darker terminal band. Underside of forewing uniformly brown with a slightly darker distal discoidal stigma and, in some specimens, with a slightly darker postmedial line; underside of hindwing greyish white to grey, with costal area somewhat darker, a diffuse brownish grey postmedial line might be visible in males, in females a more or less pronounced terminal band is present.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="61" pageId="9" pageNumber="60">
|
||
Abdomen. Dorsal side of abdomen covered with cream-white glossy scales, ventral side with dark brown scales, interspersed by cream-white scales; male 8th segment with long beige posterior scales. Tympanum with broad short lobulus; 2nd sternite with broad U-shaped sclerotisation, more so in females, inner part less sclerotised; 3rd sternite anterior edge with broad sclerotised lobe on each side of the centre, tapering anterolaterad into thin apex; 4th sternite anterior edge with oval hole in sternite sclerotisation on each side of the centre; centre of anterior edge of sterites V-VII with
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="10" pageNumber="61" start="start">broad</pageBreakToken>
|
||
, short rectangular protrusion; male 8th sternite with U-shaped sclerotisation along borders, posterior ends broadened; male 8th tergite with broad central longitudinal sclerotisation, somewhat broadening anteriorly, leading laterally into pointed triangular process.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="10" pageNumber="61">Male genitalia. (Figs 23-28) Uncus broadly attached to tegumen, the attachment site laterally constricted; apical part of uncus constricted into slim, strap-like neck leading into flattened oval uncus head, dorsally covered densely with stiff, deeply bifid setae. Tegumen broad, rectangular. Broad, weakly sclerotised gnathos band with a central conical dorsad protrusion. Transtilla arms forming equilateral triangles, dorsal surface sparsely set with thin long simple setae. Vinculum broad, well sclerotised, sides elongate drop-shaped to oval, ventral part mediodorsally forming broad bell-shaped protrusion towards juxta, ventrally forming U-shaped saccus with prominent ventromedial keel. Juxta nearly rhomboidal to almost circular, apex sharply bifid with medial incision about one quarter as long as juxta. Valva long, slender, slightly tapering towards apex; costa slightly concave, broader at base, surface sparsely set with thin, long, simple setae; sacculus broad, roughly oval, dorsodistal edge close to fibula base, ventrodistal part concavely curving towards ventral valva edge; ventral valva edge straight apart from a slightly concave recess in the area of the fibula tip; valva apex rounded towards distal end of costa; slender, evenly broad, strongly sclerotised fibula directed towards sacculus apex, apical half narrowed to pointed, ventrad curved claw, ventral side of claw flat; fibula emerging from oval sclerotised lobe near base of costa, sparsely set with thin, long simple setae. Phallus tubular, slightly curved, evenly sclerotised; posterior phallus apodeme bent sinistrad, dorsally and ventrally with elongate unsclerotised strip, right posterior phallus apodeme forming sclerotised spatulate lobe with medially protruding ridge containing three (rarely two) teeth of variable shape apically.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="10" pageNumber="61">
|
||
Female genitalia. (Fig. 45) Corpus bursae membranous, oval; elongate lens-shaped longitudinal signum extending through corpus bursae, 3.4- to 4.4-times as long as broad (n = 8). Ductus bursae membranous apart from short sclerotised section in posteriormost part and oval, longitudinally folded auxiliary signum in anterior section where it transitions into corpus bursae; length of auxiliary signum 29-60% of main signum length (n=8); ductus bursae anteriorly broad, tapering posteriad to half its diameter; posterior section and colliculum less strongly sclerotised, with thickened mesocuticle, colliculum forming short
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="‘S’">'S'</normalizedToken>
|
||
; ductus seminalis membranous, emerging at colliculum. Antrum broad, tubular to conical, strongly sclerotised, without thickened mesocuticle; length of sclerotisation equal to antrum diameter (longer in dissected female from Korab), with variably pronounced unsclerotised longitudinal strip in
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="antrum’s">antrum's</normalizedToken>
|
||
dorsal sclerotisation. Postvaginal area membranous, sparsely covered with evenly spread tiny spicules. Segment 8 a broad, strongly sclerotised, ventrally open band, with anterior side broadly recessed where apophyses anteriores attach; apophyses anteriores slender, with broadened triangular to rhomboidal muscle attachment area at ca. 1/3 of their length. Apophyses posteriores slender, ca. 2/3 as long as apophyses anteriores. Papillae anales simple, with long setae on outer margin and shorter ones elsewhere.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="10" pageNumber="61" type="immature stages">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="10" pageNumber="61">Immature stages.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="10" pageNumber="61">Not studied and, to our knowledge, not described in the literature.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="11" pageNumber="62" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="62">
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="11" pageNumber="62" start="start">Distribution</pageBreakToken>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="62">
|
||
Alps, Southern Balkan and Caucasus, where it might occur sympatrically with
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="U. cretacea" pageId="11" pageNumber="62" rank="species" species="cretacea">U. cretacea</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Fig. 4).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption pageId="11" pageNumber="62">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="62">
|
||
Figures 4-5. Distribution of investigated specimens of the
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Udea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Udea austriacalis" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="austriacalis">Udea austriacalis</taxonomicName>
|
||
species complex (4) and
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="U. rhododendronalis" pageId="11" pageNumber="62" rank="species" species="rhododendronalis">U. rhododendronalis</taxonomicName>
|
||
(5) in Europe 4
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="U. austriacalis" pageId="11" pageNumber="62" rank="species" species="austriacalis">U. austriacalis</taxonomicName>
|
||
(red),
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="U. donzelalis" pageId="11" pageNumber="62" rank="species" species="donzelalis">U. donzelalis</taxonomicName>
|
||
(green),
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="U. cretacea" pageId="11" pageNumber="62" rank="species" species="cretacea">U. cretacea</taxonomicName>
|
||
(yellow) 5
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="U. rhododendronalis" pageId="11" pageNumber="62" rank="species" species="rhododendronalis">U. rhododendronalis</taxonomicName>
|
||
(blue); altitudes ≥ 1,000 m are marked in increasingly darker grey shades every 500 m.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="11" pageNumber="62" type="food plants">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="62">Food plants.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="62">
|
||
<bibRefCitation pageId="11" pageNumber="62">Lhomme (1935)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
reports
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="U. austriacalis" pageId="11" pageNumber="62" rank="species" species="austriacalis">U. austriacalis</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Plantaginaceae" genus="Plantago" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Plantago major" order="Lamiales" pageId="11" pageNumber="62" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="major">Plantago major</taxonomicName>
|
||
L. (
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Plantaginaceae" lsidName="Udea" pageId="11" pageNumber="62" rank="family">Plantaginaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
), and the synonymous
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="“Pyrausta”">"Pyrausta"</normalizedToken>
|
||
sororialis Heyden, 1860 as polyphagous.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="63" pageId="11" pageNumber="62" type="dna data">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="62">DNA data.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="63" pageId="11" pageNumber="62">
|
||
See Table 2. In BOLD,
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="U. austriacalis" pageId="11" pageNumber="62" rank="species" species="austriacalis">U. austriacalis</taxonomicName>
|
||
is represented by the BINs AAD2363 and AAD2364. The seven DNA barcoded specimens forming the clade from the Central and East Alps and Macedonia differ between 0% and 0.95% in p-distance,
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="12" pageNumber="63" start="start">whereas</pageBreakToken>
|
||
the nine specimens from the Maritime Alps are identical in their DNA barcodes. The two clades are closest to each other in COI p-distances, with a minimum of 2.38%; furthermore, the Maritime Alps clade has C. cretacea as closest nearest COI neighbour (see Tab. 3). The next-closest neighbours are
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="U. rhododendronalis" pageId="12" pageNumber="63" rank="species" species="rhododendronalis">U. rhododendronalis</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="U. uliginosalis" pageId="12" pageNumber="63" rank="species" species="uliginosalis">U. uliginosalis</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="U. ruckdescheli" pageId="12" pageNumber="63" rank="species" species="ruckdescheli">U. ruckdescheli</taxonomicName>
|
||
with a minimum interspecific COI p-distance of 4.29%.
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Udea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Udea donzelalis" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="donzelalis">Udea donzelalis</taxonomicName>
|
||
(see below) differs by 5.24-5.71% COI p-distance from
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="U. austriacalis" pageId="12" pageNumber="63" rank="species" species="austriacalis">U. austriacalis</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="12" pageNumber="63" type="remarks">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="12" pageNumber="63">Remarks.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="12" pageNumber="63">
|
||
The type material was not stated in the original description of
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Herrich-Schäffer">Herrich-Schaeffer</normalizedToken>
|
||
(1847-1855 [
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="“1849”">"1849"</normalizedToken>
|
||
]), however, on pl. 20 fig. 142 a male imago is illustrated. Type material is also not stated in
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Herrich-Schäffer">Herrich-Schaeffer</normalizedToken>
|
||
(1843-1856 [
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="“1856”">"1856"</normalizedToken>
|
||
]).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |