898 lines
127 KiB
XML
898 lines
127 KiB
XML
<document ID-CLB-Dataset="59959" ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1173.104413" ID-GBIF-Dataset="c869d068-b098-4994-8d2b-d004e206b690" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-1173-145" ID-Pensoft-UUID="84D07C53ABF15905807911007E9C0A27" ID-ZooBank="5704F5B5AE7B4A79A5DC0B6592A77837" ModsDocID="1313-2970-1173-145" checkinTime="1691127514661" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Cumming, Royce T., Le Tirant, Ste ́ phane, Linde, Jackson B., Solan, Megan E., Foley, Evelyn Marie, Eulin, Norman Enrico C., Lavado, Ramon, Whiting, Michael F., Bradler, Sven & Bank, Sarah" docDate="2023" docId="ADDADC453A9D5086B7536702F3E4C807" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 1173: 145-229" docOrigin="ZooKeys 1173" docPubDate="2023-08-03" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1173.104413" docTitle="Pulchriphyllium bhaskarai sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="2" id="84D07C53ABF15905807911007E9C0A27" lastPageNumber="145" masterDocId="84D07C53ABF15905807911007E9C0A27" masterDocTitle="On seven undescribed leaf insect species revealed within the recent " Tree of Leaves " (Phasmatodea, Phylliidae)" masterLastPageNumber="229" masterPageNumber="145" pageNumber="145" updateTime="1691128227793" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="DF1A003B749A182ED706A60CC04B5B13">On seven undescribed leaf insect species revealed within the recent " Tree of Leaves " (Phasmatodea, Phylliidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="290CB238ED6BED1744C456B109FD51FE">Cumming, Royce T.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="3557ED39CE99EE6235E1B57E588FE541">Montreal Insectarium, 4581 rue Sherbrooke est, Montre ́ al, H 1 X 2 B 2, Que ́ bec, Canada & Richard Gilder Graduate School, American Museum of Natural History, New York, NY 10024, USA & Biology, Graduate Center, City University of New York, NY, USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="0BEE7633D08D460D77C0DAAFCF50A9A9" type="email">roycecumming@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="B093392DA6AD17F252FFC63F4ADDFF8B">Le Tirant, Ste ́ phane</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="EEB47CE24850682C66CFB10B54A6784A">Montreal Insectarium, 4581 rue Sherbrooke est, Montre ́ al, H 1 X 2 B 2, Que ́ bec, Canada</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="E02681D01D056E2FB74B2A0F0E3B3F72">Linde, Jackson B.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="E90FACCC6C32D00BC876D14FBC19D0A9">Department of Biology and M. L. Bean Museum, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:affiliation id="0E2E8C1AFF39072C4F381C39063E8499">Department of Environmental Science, Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="788A0FB6CF6C335FEB548E68C84E4338">Foley, Evelyn Marie</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="5E70FDCEF566F55EB949D78D8B1B83FA">Westville, New Jersey, USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="D1AA23D9854A03818402E1FF1924AECB">Eulin, Norman Enrico C.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="B9E0ADCE0A4183C51B1085ED0C451A03">Saint Michael Academy-Catarman, Northern Samar, 6400 Philippines</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="F759C89391F34697C45BE5929C156CDE">Lavado, Ramon</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="EFEE22872D08F710A6154DF18CB537DB">Department of Environmental Science, Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="00444D9FA3E92B5F62332F198382701A">Whiting, Michael F.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="1C359E4D8AD274C245913453B5EC6E17">Department of Biology and M. L. Bean Museum, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="20FE34098AD2038BA3B81C2BF4A18B0A">Bradler, Sven</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="9927F722FE04EE19849D701F66F8A669" type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9307-1032</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation id="A51351E46CB65E65AD6EF940EFE0AB00">Department of Animal Evolution and Biodiversity, Johann- Friedrich-Blumenbach Institute of Zoology and Anthropology, University of Go ̈ ttingen, Untere Karspu ̈ le 2, 37073, Go ̈ ttingen, Germany</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="44A5630338CDF1622CB1FF3E3AA718E6">Bank, Sarah</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="9938ABA57C150CC6F92807A29D3A9DFD">Department of Animal Evolution and Biodiversity, Johann- Friedrich-Blumenbach Institute of Zoology and Anthropology, University of Go ̈ ttingen, Untere Karspu ̈ le 2, 37073, Go ̈ ttingen, Germany</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:identifier id="55D984098CBCC7328EF648C84CEFE822" type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1173.104413</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="ADDADC453A9D5086B7536702F3E4C807" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:4C6707C0-3155-46D9-8ED2-620765AF8E71" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/ADDADC453A9D5086B7536702F3E4C807" lastPageNumber="145" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">
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<subSubSection id="3F8849884888F28EC84EC8E050DF1D40" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="5AD6AF6E1BEE0EB9C213F0D2135152CD" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">
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<taxonomicName id="B9A48C2C0617B77A18E1F5A5AB4B7E25" LSID="https://zoobank.org/4C6707C0-3155-46D9-8ED2-620765AF8E71" authority="sp. nov." authorityName="sp. nov." class="Insecta" family="Phylliidae" genus="Pulchriphyllium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pulchriphyllium bhaskarai" order="Phasmatodea" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bhaskarai">Pulchriphyllium bhaskarai sp. nov.</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="CBF8F255CB790EEBF716FE6640981946" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" type="description">
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<paragraph id="C17A8F307DE6AEAECC66C7E98CC8B005" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">
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<figureCitation id="5CF7C709BB277C0933E6E264124B7689" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Illustrations of the freshly hatched nymph coloration for herein referenced species A Phyllium ortizi sp. nov. (Mindanao) B Phyllium mabantai (Mindanao) C Phyllium samarense sp. nov. (Samar) D Pulchriphyllium bioculatum (West Malaysia) E Pulchriphyllium anangu sp. nov. (Southwest India) F Pulchriphyllium agathyrsus (Sri Lanka) G Pulchriphyllium giganteum (West Malaysia) H Pulchriphyllium bhaskarai sp. nov. (Java). Illustrations by scientific illustrator Liz Sisk (Washington D. C., USA)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1173.104413.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/887710" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">Figs 8H</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation id="A095A928169B43D65E2CD1BB2E6046E1" captionStart="Figure 21" captionStartId="F21" captionText="Figure 21. Adult female profemoral lobes from various Pulchriphyllium species for comparison A Pulchriphyllium crurifolium stat. rev., comb. nov. (NHMUK) B Pulchriphyllium bioculatum from West Malaysia (Coll RC 16 - 038) C Pulchriphyllium scythe stat. rev., comb. nov. from Sylhet, Bangladesh (OUMNH) D Pulchriphyllium pulcrifolum from Java, Indonesia (Coll RC 16 - 024) E Pulchriphyllium bhaskarai sp. nov. from Java, Indonesia (MZPW)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1173.104413.figure21" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/887723" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">, 21E</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation id="6488F0EEE0F5870F0388153E1F9DDD94" captionStart="Figure 25" captionStartId="F25" captionText="Figure 25. Pulchriphyllium bhaskarai sp. nov. live holotype female. Photographs by Edy Bhaskara (Indonesia) A coloration shortly after being found in the wild, dorsal habitus B altered coloration after several months in captivity, dorsal habitus C habitus, dorsolateral view." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1173.104413.figure25" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/887727" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">, 25</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation id="6F4373F8BC8E1E0E965B8CC4BE9E6EB8" captionStart="Figure 26" captionStartId="F26" captionText="Figure 26. Pulchriphyllium bhaskarai sp. nov. female holotype A details of the antennae, dorsal B dorsal habitus C details of the head and thorax, dorsal D details of the profemora E genitalia details, ventral F ventral habitus G lateral view of the thorax (anterior to the right). Scale bars: 25 mm (B, F)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1173.104413.figure26" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/887728" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">, 26</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation id="5BDB8A8D35F7E1F070E1AE5A958A2C7C" captionStart="Figure 27" captionStartId="F27" captionText="Figure 27. Pulchriphyllium bhaskarai sp. nov. male paratype, Coll. RC # 21 - 032 A dorsal habitus B details of the profemora C lateral view of the thorax (anterior to the right) D details of the antennae, dorsolateral view E terminalia details, dorsal F genitalia details, ventral G details of the head and thorax, dorsal. Scale bar: 25 mm (A)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1173.104413.figure27" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/887729" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">, 27</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation id="42F08C28E38C4595E917090CE97C9841" captionStart="Figure 28" captionStartId="F28" captionText="Figure 28. A-F Pulchriphyllium giganteum egg capsule, IMQC collection A lateral view B dorso-lateral view C dorsal view D opercular (anterior) view E posterior view F ventral view G-L Pulchriphyllium bhaskarai sp. nov. egg capsule, IMQC collection (Coll RC 21 - 034) G lateral view H dorso-lateral view I dorsal view J opercular (anterior) view K posterior view L ventral view. Photographs by Rene Limoges (IMQC). Scale bars: 2 mm (A-L)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1173.104413.figure28" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/887730" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">, 28</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation id="07F1B75ED811B47219721F6715AEAA92" captionStart="Figure 29" captionStartId="F29" captionText="Figure 29. Pulchriphyllium bhaskarai sp. nov. live freshly hatched nymphs A dorsal habitus B habitus, dorsolateral view C habitus, dorsolateral view. Photographs by Edy Bhaskara (Indonesia)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1173.104413.figure29" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/887731" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">, 29</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation id="E5761B8C7C23396DB9AEF44E8DC6055B" captionStart="Figure 30" captionStartId="F30" captionText="Figure 30. Paratype historic pair of Pulchriphyllium bhaskarai sp. nov. from MZPW A male with data labels inset to the lower left B female with data labels inset to the right." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1173.104413.figure30" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/887732" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">, 30</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="BE8BC4DDDF674427C243B2DD6DD9BBD9" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="CE1D1DA3F7B7FF749C4C7051F8045C32" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">Material examined.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="88FC320F11CD8FEB4EDF254DC0AFCEAA" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">
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<materialsCitation id="0B61A6D47E9C9E3F99735CD625D65B8A" collectingDate="2020-08-19" collectingDateMax="2020-12-08" collectingDateMin="2020-08-19" country="Indonesia" location="Montreal Insectarium" municipality="Deposited" specimenCount="78" specimenCount-egg="78" stateProvince="Quebec" typeStatus="Holotype">
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<emphasis id="EA0545B6EC1ABDC17231A1E693DD4EE3" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">
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<typeStatus id="D0629E6802E78D4526EB09BD3D0DCD9E">Holotype</typeStatus>
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</emphasis>
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<specimenCount id="D3296A84D86868CE73E0812318122DE5">♀</specimenCount>
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||
: "
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||
<collectingCountry id="CBA5B55FAA4CA6EB01334F1C9A17FC49" name="Indonesia">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
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||
, West Java, Sukabumi, Kabandungan Village, Mt. Halimun, found
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<collectingDate id="CF7A9667BBAF453028E53E40765F68FC" value="2020-08-19">19th August 2020</collectingDate>
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||
, first started laying eggs
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||
<collectingDate id="84F194A05865370D800013C8654D69F4" value="2020-09-16">16th September 2020</collectingDate>
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||
, died
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||
<collectingDate id="FD3CB20B9CE6B1E9B5BBF3B5DED9B68F" value="2020-12-08">8th December 2020</collectingDate>
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||
; laid a total of
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||
<specimenCount id="3CDBF6D1FCDE320138DADB92F26C6112" type="egg">78 eggs</specimenCount>
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" (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="A390EADC1140A684401D400E04D3B9EA" captionStart="Figure 25" captionStartId="F25" captionText="Figure 25. Pulchriphyllium bhaskarai sp. nov. live holotype female. Photographs by Edy Bhaskara (Indonesia) A coloration shortly after being found in the wild, dorsal habitus B altered coloration after several months in captivity, dorsal habitus C habitus, dorsolateral view." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1173.104413.figure25" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/887727" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">25</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="62F3E8899E43FF48377398C5A15EF096">Deposited</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
in the
|
||
<location id="24E8120ABF078ED0DFF66E3436831CB1" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:ADDADC453A9D5086B7536702F3E4C807:24E8120ABF078ED0DFF66E3436831CB1" country="Indonesia" municipality="Deposited" name="Montreal Insectarium" stateProvince="Quebec">Montreal Insectarium</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="235C50C85ACF3A820A818F5C9107FEF3" country="Canada" name="Quebec">Quebec</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="4EEEB3355603B6EFA9D0C756E91375BF" name="Canada">Canada</collectingCountry>
|
||
(IMQC)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="55D31B84963FBD811F01EA1ABF7A30BA" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">
|
||
<typeStatus id="447156624BF628775622A24BEEB5BB03">Paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
: (
|
||
<specimenCount id="C8EC973FFF6112C448C6AD981905DD99" type="male">19♂♂</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCount id="BEE59C3CC8663AD431BE9D12C62B515F" type="female">36♀♀</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCount id="AEA53443AF9C7F82A0B71D8AA19EED0C" type="egg">2 eggs</specimenCount>
|
||
) See Suppl. material 1 for details about
|
||
<typeStatus id="AC9951D6727BB98FF9FBF7E59397243B">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
specimens, their collection data, and depositories.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="586C350C88CC4D928E669CE29B0C3C8E" doi="10.3897/zookeys.1173.104413.figure25" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/887727" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" start="Figure 25" startId="F25">
|
||
<paragraph id="82B2330A77705D093ADF54C2FFEA00DE" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">
|
||
<emphasis id="4A3406A49EE7161EDC1C480D2000707B" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">Figure 25.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="AD0EA61126B69FD5B4342CFFBFA5D88E" class="Insecta" family="Phylliidae" genus="Pulchriphyllium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pulchriphyllium bhaskarai" order="Phasmida" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bhaskarai">
|
||
<emphasis id="F2AE2DD911E26EE6664EC2BB27C2A56A" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">Pulchriphyllium bhaskarai</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. live
|
||
<typeStatus id="1CA6C12DC6EDF235EFA534FEBB5B75EA">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
female. Photographs by Edy Bhaskara (
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F1E3A4B894EBFDC5789E96AAAE30EAEE" name="Indonesia">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis id="851E33782293BE3381C5ED00A7ABB77A" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">A</emphasis>
|
||
coloration shortly after being found in the wild, dorsal habitus
|
||
<emphasis id="485808FB6369799742BD1686A119925D" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">B</emphasis>
|
||
altered coloration after several months in captivity, dorsal habitus
|
||
<emphasis id="F2D884C336EB3A4EC0B0595AB1678E4C" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">C</emphasis>
|
||
habitus, dorsolateral view.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="EB6850D1B7385CB6BC6D5DC8009F2334" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" type="differentiation">
|
||
<paragraph id="F169B33C165C2753BA3AF3E51AEC4CB9" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">Differentiation.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="7074CFEA04EA23DC9461B88C5A715C82" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">
|
||
Adult males and females have proven difficult to differentiate morphologically from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5F90251ABE7344BB2922F7FE6447ABCD" baseAuthorityName="Hausleithner" baseAuthorityYear="1984" class="Insecta" family="Phylliidae" genus="Pulchriphyllium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pulchriphyllium giganteum" order="Phasmida" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="giganteum">
|
||
<emphasis id="93DC71B3F19B4BD8506A2114D2350F00" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">Pulchriphyllium giganteum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Within both sexes of both species there is significant overlap in overall size and due to intraspecific variation, few to no features have allowed confident differentiation. Instead, the only reliable and easily observed morphological differences are the freshly hatched nymphs and egg morphology.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="91049DAFBE7F63FCF120A995B4F910F8" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">
|
||
<emphasis id="F6417D4CEF7A333D7365C03B1A79B701" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">Females</emphasis>
|
||
are very similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="CF41F64D9E36981B4228A29A705E9140" baseAuthorityName="Hausleithner" baseAuthorityYear="1984" class="Insecta" family="Phylliidae" genus="Pulchriphyllium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pulchriphyllium giganteum" order="Phasmida" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="giganteum">
|
||
<emphasis id="37FE4F54C32F64A1D58D9406CCBCF706" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">Pulchriphyllium giganteum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
but can be differentiated by the mesopleurae. In
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5CC4719AC4CD4C37540CC4BC1EB8D957" baseAuthorityName="Hausleithner" baseAuthorityYear="1984" class="Insecta" family="Phylliidae" genus="Pulchriphyllium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pulchriphyllium giganteum" order="Phasmida" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="giganteum">
|
||
<emphasis id="A6BC6BAB81819CBF7E9F3159E395439C" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">Pulchriphyllium giganteum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
the posterior two or three spines are grouped together as a broad set projecting away from the mesopleuron margin, while in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C212FD617D3E31803320D0951B365B61" class="Insecta" family="Phylliidae" genus="Pulchriphyllium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pulchriphyllium bhaskarai" order="Phasmida" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bhaskarai">
|
||
<emphasis id="2F0F3271D26E2A70012E23FD1E93D08F" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">Pulchriphyllium bhaskarai</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. these posterior-most spines are less prominent, only slightly projecting away from the mesopleuron margin (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="3D8BCCF50BCB734FFFBDC0C35EB81B99" captionStart="Figure 26" captionStartId="F26" captionText="Figure 26. Pulchriphyllium bhaskarai sp. nov. female holotype A details of the antennae, dorsal B dorsal habitus C details of the head and thorax, dorsal D details of the profemora E genitalia details, ventral F ventral habitus G lateral view of the thorax (anterior to the right). Scale bars: 25 mm (B, F)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1173.104413.figure26" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/887728" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">26C</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="581CD200940C97FC2485AFE8BE7CD2EA" doi="10.3897/zookeys.1173.104413.figure26" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/887728" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" start="Figure 26" startId="F26">
|
||
<paragraph id="12139FA68D4E9DB7C2FA701579901290" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">
|
||
<emphasis id="AF4F0E62BB19922A0720730E8543D00B" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">Figure 26.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="75C775713CBA15884A174BEF68F1A48B" class="Insecta" family="Phylliidae" genus="Pulchriphyllium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pulchriphyllium bhaskarai" order="Phasmida" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bhaskarai">
|
||
<emphasis id="C35A47FC3DD940A068914F27771361D9" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">Pulchriphyllium bhaskarai</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. female holotype
|
||
<emphasis id="D72253615746ACC1FB33E1135653B26A" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">A</emphasis>
|
||
details of the antennae, dorsal
|
||
<emphasis id="407204B33E6CB6405EA7599C36D77440" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">B</emphasis>
|
||
dorsal habitus
|
||
<emphasis id="31060F28E0F15A3A5761B19F652773A3" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">C</emphasis>
|
||
details of the head and thorax, dorsal
|
||
<emphasis id="00579F865606E0520A4F1878C386D1E3" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">D</emphasis>
|
||
details of the profemora
|
||
<emphasis id="12F77ABACE1FB19A5AFD33A00562B1F3" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">E</emphasis>
|
||
genitalia details, ventral
|
||
<emphasis id="60C22727BEB9607B0053525FC6EC85B5" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">F</emphasis>
|
||
ventral habitus
|
||
<emphasis id="B4493DA0A264BE7529576C7255123C0B" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">G</emphasis>
|
||
lateral view of the thorax (anterior to the right). Scale bars: 25 mm (
|
||
<emphasis id="D0C3742A118F439E0BE13DEF77EFA0AE" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">B, F)</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="2F3D56F74DCFD8142EA518DBFB028F38" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">
|
||
<emphasis id="AEFE0E36169723D85F0DD344FFDBB2DE" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">Males</emphasis>
|
||
(Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="68290190C3A2E5BE0AB18ED560FD6CB2" captionStart="Figure 27" captionStartId="F27" captionText="Figure 27. Pulchriphyllium bhaskarai sp. nov. male paratype, Coll. RC # 21 - 032 A dorsal habitus B details of the profemora C lateral view of the thorax (anterior to the right) D details of the antennae, dorsolateral view E terminalia details, dorsal F genitalia details, ventral G details of the head and thorax, dorsal. Scale bar: 25 mm (A)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1173.104413.figure27" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/887729" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">27</figureCitation>
|
||
) have proven impossible to differentiate from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5A9A3908EA198887CCC5EA824464A8B1" baseAuthorityName="Hausleithner" baseAuthorityYear="1984" class="Insecta" family="Phylliidae" genus="Pulchriphyllium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pulchriphyllium giganteum" order="Phasmida" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="giganteum">
|
||
<emphasis id="CB2FA4882E83766A237EF5308C2C2285" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">Pulchriphyllium giganteum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
with any certainty from morphology alone. Upon review of material from multiple locations and from both fresh and antique specimens, no single feature was consistently different enough to be useful (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="1342AE82F0CCE9F88FAA79ADDE7A4973" DOI="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.913.49044" author="Cumming, RT" journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" pagination="89 - 126" refId="B22" refString="Cumming, RT, Bank, S, Le Tirant, S, Bradler, S, 2020b. Notes on the leaf insects of the genus Phyllium of Sumatra and Java, Indonesia, including the description of two new species with purple coxae (Phasmatodea, Phylliidae). ZooKeys 913: 89 - 126, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.913.49044" title="Notes on the leaf insects of the genus Phyllium of Sumatra and Java, Indonesia, including the description of two new species with purple coxae (Phasmatodea, Phylliidae)." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.913.49044" volume="913" year="2020 b">Cumming et al. 2020b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="A6366C6546756CB0687CB3A6562E6993" doi="10.3897/zookeys.1173.104413.figure27" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/887729" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" start="Figure 27" startId="F27">
|
||
<paragraph id="CED8CD7A570F7C2DF56885CC02C46316" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">
|
||
<emphasis id="A9603393BA1EA9A117E9A0CE4C558D7D" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">Figure 27.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="22D3391FA610CF96188F5026BE00B0F4" class="Insecta" family="Phylliidae" genus="Pulchriphyllium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pulchriphyllium bhaskarai" order="Phasmida" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bhaskarai">
|
||
<emphasis id="888186BBE2E6D029CD06C603781BCBDE" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">Pulchriphyllium bhaskarai</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. male paratype, Coll. RC #21-032
|
||
<emphasis id="49F863F77A9F5AB06A9B738383B0E4D3" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">A</emphasis>
|
||
dorsal habitus
|
||
<emphasis id="D9662EA907BD3617A9BFC4F60C37CB3E" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">B</emphasis>
|
||
details of the profemora
|
||
<emphasis id="253E3E7B4820B566D4DB06421EEFE476" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">C</emphasis>
|
||
lateral view of the thorax (anterior to the right)
|
||
<emphasis id="D0502497CD42FCB0F1B8543814FAEC22" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">D</emphasis>
|
||
details of the antennae, dorsolateral view
|
||
<emphasis id="56E9E382A2CA7B44CB2582B27896A55D" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">E</emphasis>
|
||
terminalia details, dorsal
|
||
<emphasis id="AD4D7D5212F9CE3C008B0C610E5E9AE1" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">F</emphasis>
|
||
genitalia details, ventral
|
||
<emphasis id="1A263BEC5E8ABED2CE9C76C5EB7EEFD9" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">G</emphasis>
|
||
details of the head and thorax, dorsal. Scale bar: 25 mm (
|
||
<emphasis id="CD0701169D502234A9E63448A7B57015" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">A)</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="CC73068DA9FEA4D0535D8CC9FB3A56D4" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">
|
||
<emphasis id="1A18987B10DD173E461D1B0741DC5354" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">Freshly hatched nymphs</emphasis>
|
||
(Figs
|
||
<figureCitation id="571C7EF27669A7463CEBFBBE6E042AD1" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Illustrations of the freshly hatched nymph coloration for herein referenced species A Phyllium ortizi sp. nov. (Mindanao) B Phyllium mabantai (Mindanao) C Phyllium samarense sp. nov. (Samar) D Pulchriphyllium bioculatum (West Malaysia) E Pulchriphyllium anangu sp. nov. (Southwest India) F Pulchriphyllium agathyrsus (Sri Lanka) G Pulchriphyllium giganteum (West Malaysia) H Pulchriphyllium bhaskarai sp. nov. (Java). Illustrations by scientific illustrator Liz Sisk (Washington D. C., USA)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1173.104413.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/887710" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">8H</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="C5ACFD4DD0058BAA154FE176EF65F7B9" captionStart="Figure 29" captionStartId="F29" captionText="Figure 29. Pulchriphyllium bhaskarai sp. nov. live freshly hatched nymphs A dorsal habitus B habitus, dorsolateral view C habitus, dorsolateral view. Photographs by Edy Bhaskara (Indonesia)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1173.104413.figure29" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/887731" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">29</figureCitation>
|
||
) can easily be differentiated from congeners as the abdomen is notably thinner than any other
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A20E984ECDB78770EFBEDAC92726BE29" authorityName="Griffini" authorityYear="1898" class="Insecta" family="Phylliidae" genus="Pulchriphyllium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pulchriphyllium" order="Phasmida" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="403A8893164D0DA88543DE39F2796E30" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">Pulchriphyllium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species, with a maximum width only ca ⅗ of the abdomen length (where all other
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B8150EBBDE01F2BC8865FA2C51F6905C" authorityName="Griffini" authorityYear="1898" class="Insecta" family="Phylliidae" genus="Pulchriphyllium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pulchriphyllium" order="Phasmida" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="842D8CD8C23660AFF853955A660DF658" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">Pulchriphyllium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species have a wider and longer abdominal shape, with a width nearly equal to the abdomen length).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="47F9AFC9E416968741801A27915F495B" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">
|
||
The eggs of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BEB7B03885545BC39F2D070719782786" class="Insecta" family="Phylliidae" genus="Pulchriphyllium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pulchriphyllium bhaskarai" order="Phasmida" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bhaskarai">
|
||
<emphasis id="9C6F83EFDEC00785BB9E44D28A04CA91" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">Pulchriphyllium bhaskarai</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. are rather unique and can easily differentiate this species from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="155657ACA12AE076092BA3ED093F0972" baseAuthorityName="Hausleithner" baseAuthorityYear="1984" class="Insecta" family="Phylliidae" genus="Pulchriphyllium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pulchriphyllium giganteum" order="Phasmida" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="giganteum">
|
||
<emphasis id="7AB9768AAC067E0CB73B8F3F090C746D" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">Pulchriphyllium giganteum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by the presence of five laterally running semi-hollow tubes which are open on the anterior end (two tubes are located on each of the lateral surfaces and one tube is located on the ventral surface: Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="EF2050821E6613AACA9476CA8072BC72" captionStart="Figure 28" captionStartId="F28" captionText="Figure 28. A-F Pulchriphyllium giganteum egg capsule, IMQC collection A lateral view B dorso-lateral view C dorsal view D opercular (anterior) view E posterior view F ventral view G-L Pulchriphyllium bhaskarai sp. nov. egg capsule, IMQC collection (Coll RC 21 - 034) G lateral view H dorso-lateral view I dorsal view J opercular (anterior) view K posterior view L ventral view. Photographs by Rene Limoges (IMQC). Scale bars: 2 mm (A-L)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1173.104413.figure28" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/887730" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">28K</figureCitation>
|
||
). Additionally, the operculum is notably wider than long in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="39C1C898775E9474235870A977A142A9" class="Insecta" family="Phylliidae" genus="Pulchriphyllium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pulchriphyllium bhaskarai" order="Phasmida" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bhaskarai">
|
||
<emphasis id="82587D8B3ECAEEBCD259A7418B61AECD" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">Pulchriphyllium bhaskarai</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="3CFDBB7BB09B11DE0F6F462652267B7E" captionStart="Figure 28" captionStartId="F28" captionText="Figure 28. A-F Pulchriphyllium giganteum egg capsule, IMQC collection A lateral view B dorso-lateral view C dorsal view D opercular (anterior) view E posterior view F ventral view G-L Pulchriphyllium bhaskarai sp. nov. egg capsule, IMQC collection (Coll RC 21 - 034) G lateral view H dorso-lateral view I dorsal view J opercular (anterior) view K posterior view L ventral view. Photographs by Rene Limoges (IMQC). Scale bars: 2 mm (A-L)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1173.104413.figure28" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/887730" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">28H</figureCitation>
|
||
) but approximately as long as wide and slightly tapered in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FC85599A2BF8BA1F4389766CB254DA92" baseAuthorityName="Hausleithner" baseAuthorityYear="1984" class="Insecta" family="Phylliidae" genus="Pulchriphyllium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pulchriphyllium giganteum" order="Phasmida" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="giganteum">
|
||
<emphasis id="FB21EC1B71D7E18AF0DC74EE2B6F46DB" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">Pulchriphyllium giganteum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="C3C7BB43E4EF880855111C421B6CAD29" captionStart="Figure 28" captionStartId="F28" captionText="Figure 28. A-F Pulchriphyllium giganteum egg capsule, IMQC collection A lateral view B dorso-lateral view C dorsal view D opercular (anterior) view E posterior view F ventral view G-L Pulchriphyllium bhaskarai sp. nov. egg capsule, IMQC collection (Coll RC 21 - 034) G lateral view H dorso-lateral view I dorsal view J opercular (anterior) view K posterior view L ventral view. Photographs by Rene Limoges (IMQC). Scale bars: 2 mm (A-L)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1173.104413.figure28" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/887730" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">28B</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="E6815DF8A1C74D2F20F6D4BFF4C96E53" doi="10.3897/zookeys.1173.104413.figure28" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/887730" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" start="Figure 28" startId="F28">
|
||
<paragraph id="58E685DDF8E0B14311B02B6CD4C28E80" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">
|
||
<emphasis id="7D67EF76436008ECC87CD10688B7DB87" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">Figure 28.</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis id="EEA79575B2AF0882853F6E7EFA39B1E7" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">A-F</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="07A52E042AD37C3B82AB26E104AABD42" baseAuthorityName="Hausleithner" baseAuthorityYear="1984" class="Insecta" family="Phylliidae" genus="Pulchriphyllium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pulchriphyllium giganteum" order="Phasmida" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="giganteum">
|
||
<emphasis id="1D780A5BD4C2C5C33E5E9DA0533D9E22" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">Pulchriphyllium giganteum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
egg capsule, IMQC collection
|
||
<emphasis id="7DFD75810156EBD78444ABE00FE9569E" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">A</emphasis>
|
||
lateral view
|
||
<emphasis id="E5C90975B56610A81F74119929D691A3" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">B</emphasis>
|
||
dorso-lateral view
|
||
<emphasis id="FFC4A05D91A73BF94E5F0913EF379474" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">C</emphasis>
|
||
dorsal view
|
||
<emphasis id="33FA0F739F54E27AD469A95ECDABBDEA" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">D</emphasis>
|
||
opercular (anterior) view
|
||
<emphasis id="E26F3389C89A89DB22FAE0F0E58A3026" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">E</emphasis>
|
||
posterior view
|
||
<emphasis id="6F80DE2FA5D4BBFD53E6FD20F8E4535A" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">F</emphasis>
|
||
ventral view
|
||
<emphasis id="9F7CFC322073EAB5590B3EE4C0604DA9" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">G-L</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6226BB5BA507B501A2C64C7DD965E3CA" class="Insecta" family="Phylliidae" genus="Pulchriphyllium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pulchriphyllium bhaskarai" order="Phasmida" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bhaskarai">
|
||
<emphasis id="5F2E52D4BA4065426F550E4B6644327B" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">Pulchriphyllium bhaskarai</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. egg capsule, IMQC collection (Coll RC 21-034)
|
||
<emphasis id="9AEF56AB32D9F67BD42BA5327BCCBC38" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">G</emphasis>
|
||
lateral view
|
||
<emphasis id="1C05D46F0ECEAEFE456805264217D249" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">H</emphasis>
|
||
dorso-lateral view
|
||
<emphasis id="11D83B46ECB4EF39807C82B7BC50FB4A" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">I</emphasis>
|
||
dorsal view
|
||
<emphasis id="8118EC75C2EE362C94A415490BB5FED3" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">J</emphasis>
|
||
opercular (anterior) view
|
||
<emphasis id="4385A9F443F8E4865BCC8E10D2316085" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">K</emphasis>
|
||
posterior view
|
||
<emphasis id="EBA475AE6E1424C3A3E3D37963713BE1" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">L</emphasis>
|
||
ventral view. Photographs by
|
||
<normalizedToken id="3CB220BE37B5E4B619C306850F4AEA9F" originalValue="René">Rene</normalizedToken>
|
||
Limoges (IMQC). Scale bars: 2 mm (
|
||
<emphasis id="30C488FFE359D2C18945422EFC766C73" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">A-L</emphasis>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="F7D40BAC0F5ED3AD833FA2FBDD44FC4F" doi="10.3897/zookeys.1173.104413.figure29" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/887731" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" start="Figure 29" startId="F29">
|
||
<paragraph id="D4B46AAE32B13AB4604B39FBF7B9277A" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">
|
||
<emphasis id="FB77BD57B225AE2AF94985F5FF4FC925" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">Figure 29.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B4ED52FC4178B61201577E47A8364F9D" class="Insecta" family="Phylliidae" genus="Pulchriphyllium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pulchriphyllium bhaskarai" order="Phasmida" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bhaskarai">
|
||
<emphasis id="65ADC60144382B5B3217A8C90D4291F4" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">Pulchriphyllium bhaskarai</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. live freshly hatched nymphs
|
||
<emphasis id="E1C70B8E970B97CEE43F863F5380A245" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">A</emphasis>
|
||
dorsal habitus
|
||
<emphasis id="4F0631133CCD011E039703CFB2A3B104" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">B</emphasis>
|
||
habitus, dorsolateral view
|
||
<emphasis id="30B497406D536FA38A94CD58709FCE13" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">C</emphasis>
|
||
habitus, dorsolateral view. Photographs by Edy Bhaskara (Indonesia).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="87E5FBCF5817B70D1B1686343C616684" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="D90A4A62B5444DC626E3EE288ABDDF30" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">Description.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="5B67F9108D5AE338ACC30F896C86EE38" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">
|
||
<emphasis id="EC519FDCADA33F840F08C34AAA45AEA7" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">
|
||
Female.
|
||
<emphasis id="1D3B08B1937708159EFDC0C555370EC5" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">Coloration</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
The coloration description is based upon the holotype living individual when it was alive (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="E69F47D31D8540C4A012A53B965CF9E6" captionStart="Figure 25" captionStartId="F25" captionText="Figure 25. Pulchriphyllium bhaskarai sp. nov. live holotype female. Photographs by Edy Bhaskara (Indonesia) A coloration shortly after being found in the wild, dorsal habitus B altered coloration after several months in captivity, dorsal habitus C habitus, dorsolateral view." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1173.104413.figure25" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/887727" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">25</figureCitation>
|
||
). Interestingly the coloration altered throughout its development after it was brought into captivity. When first collected from the wild the overall base coloration was primarily yellow with muddled, variable patches of lime green to brown/gray coloration (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="E54AC6DD3F9CE57A54C01D4505CC26D3" captionStart="Figure 25" captionStartId="F25" captionText="Figure 25. Pulchriphyllium bhaskarai sp. nov. live holotype female. Photographs by Edy Bhaskara (Indonesia) A coloration shortly after being found in the wild, dorsal habitus B altered coloration after several months in captivity, dorsal habitus C habitus, dorsolateral view." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1173.104413.figure25" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/887727" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">25A</figureCitation>
|
||
). After several months in captivity the individual shifted the yellow base coloration to lime green, with variable patches of yellow and brown/gray coloration (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="8A948EAC4AB1C48E1E84A0C83D89C411" captionStart="Figure 25" captionStartId="F25" captionText="Figure 25. Pulchriphyllium bhaskarai sp. nov. live holotype female. Photographs by Edy Bhaskara (Indonesia) A coloration shortly after being found in the wild, dorsal habitus B altered coloration after several months in captivity, dorsal habitus C habitus, dorsolateral view." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1173.104413.figure25" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/887727" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">25B, C</figureCitation>
|
||
). The areas that were brown/gray altered little during this period, only the base coloration appears to have changed.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="539186E71814D63FD9600022AC8853A1" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">
|
||
<emphasis id="EE46D3F68C18AA1162C85794E7B7E80F" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">
|
||
<emphasis id="2F64F68D71A326EBAAF1DC30D8249CD5" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">Morphology</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="DE22D23DA55CC736C6D35BC92E949469" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">Head</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Head capsule is slightly longer than wide, with a vertex that is marked throughout by moderately formed granulation and a singularly pointed posteromedial tubercle which is notably larger than the other granulation on the head capsule (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="A72A4A92E47CAE67386A37A37634FE97" captionStart="Figure 26" captionStartId="F26" captionText="Figure 26. Pulchriphyllium bhaskarai sp. nov. female holotype A details of the antennae, dorsal B dorsal habitus C details of the head and thorax, dorsal D details of the profemora E genitalia details, ventral F ventral habitus G lateral view of the thorax (anterior to the right). Scale bars: 25 mm (B, F)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1173.104413.figure26" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/887728" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">26C</figureCitation>
|
||
). Frontal convexity triangular with a blunt point, which has a slightly granular surface and three to five setae near the apex. The compound eyes slightly protrude from the head capsule, not overly large, with a width taking up ca
|
||
<normalizedToken id="F37D0E4755B3EFEAC694C8021F95621D" originalValue="¼">1/4</normalizedToken>
|
||
of the head capsule lateral margins (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="FAC2B8BA586E71AE09FE17F1F932A9DD" captionStart="Figure 26" captionStartId="F26" captionText="Figure 26. Pulchriphyllium bhaskarai sp. nov. female holotype A details of the antennae, dorsal B dorsal habitus C details of the head and thorax, dorsal D details of the profemora E genitalia details, ventral F ventral habitus G lateral view of the thorax (anterior to the right). Scale bars: 25 mm (B, F)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1173.104413.figure26" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/887728" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">26C</figureCitation>
|
||
). Ocelli appear to be either very weakly developed, or absent. Antennal fields slightly wider than the width of the first antennomere.
|
||
<emphasis id="358F15C625C731AE687A94526B596AF1" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">
|
||
<emphasis id="36B657EDDA42AF86201B93E7F80D35BE" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">Antennae</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Antennae consist of nine segments including the scapus and pedicellus, with the terminal segment approximately the same length as the preceding three
|
||
<normalizedToken id="9816938B83A20B621B7B5DFFCB51D506" originalValue="segments’">segments'</normalizedToken>
|
||
lengths combined (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="71232B7292C15B85BE0E35A2E2471B67" captionStart="Figure 26" captionStartId="F26" captionText="Figure 26. Pulchriphyllium bhaskarai sp. nov. female holotype A details of the antennae, dorsal B dorsal habitus C details of the head and thorax, dorsal D details of the profemora E genitalia details, ventral F ventral habitus G lateral view of the thorax (anterior to the right). Scale bars: 25 mm (B, F)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1173.104413.figure26" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/887728" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">26A</figureCitation>
|
||
). Antennomeres I-VIII sparsely marked with few transparent setae. Terminal antennomere covered densely in short, brown setae (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="9942E2131793F84720B0A7F95E59811B" captionStart="Figure 26" captionStartId="F26" captionText="Figure 26. Pulchriphyllium bhaskarai sp. nov. female holotype A details of the antennae, dorsal B dorsal habitus C details of the head and thorax, dorsal D details of the profemora E genitalia details, ventral F ventral habitus G lateral view of the thorax (anterior to the right). Scale bars: 25 mm (B, F)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1173.104413.figure26" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/887728" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">26A</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<emphasis id="4B752E1EFA675136EF907515AEA9CBE4" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">
|
||
<emphasis id="6B0E008BF6BDAF8CCB706F24D5AD6DA1" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">Thorax</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Pronotum with slight concave anterior margin and lateral margins that are straight and subparallel for the anterior ⅔ and the posterior ⅓ converges slightly to the posterior margin that is ⅔ the width of the anterior margin (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="849CABCA72BB2D5505D4967960CCB7DE" captionStart="Figure 26" captionStartId="F26" captionText="Figure 26. Pulchriphyllium bhaskarai sp. nov. female holotype A details of the antennae, dorsal B dorsal habitus C details of the head and thorax, dorsal D details of the profemora E genitalia details, ventral F ventral habitus G lateral view of the thorax (anterior to the right). Scale bars: 25 mm (B, F)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1173.104413.figure26" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/887728" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">26C</figureCitation>
|
||
). The pronotum surface is marked with prominent granulation throughout, a distinct sagittal furrow, and a smaller perpendicular furrow near the center (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="31CD3F1603ABC22756E6097CE8F91946" captionStart="Figure 26" captionStartId="F26" captionText="Figure 26. Pulchriphyllium bhaskarai sp. nov. female holotype A details of the antennae, dorsal B dorsal habitus C details of the head and thorax, dorsal D details of the profemora E genitalia details, ventral F ventral habitus G lateral view of the thorax (anterior to the right). Scale bars: 25 mm (B, F)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1173.104413.figure26" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/887728" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">26C</figureCitation>
|
||
). The pronotum has distinctly formed anterior and lateral rims and a weakly formed posterior rim (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="5839E87E469DE97957BF4CC1E72572C5" captionStart="Figure 26" captionStartId="F26" captionText="Figure 26. Pulchriphyllium bhaskarai sp. nov. female holotype A details of the antennae, dorsal B dorsal habitus C details of the head and thorax, dorsal D details of the profemora E genitalia details, ventral F ventral habitus G lateral view of the thorax (anterior to the right). Scale bars: 25 mm (B, F)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1173.104413.figure26" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/887728" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">26C</figureCitation>
|
||
). Prosternum, mesosternum, and metanotum are marked by nodes of various size and spacing, with those along the margins more prominent. Prescutum approximately as long as the greatest width, with lateral rims marked by a granular surface with those on the anterior third larger than the others (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="1FD40DFC32DB0EC97E54FFAE63DB01B9" captionStart="Figure 26" captionStartId="F26" captionText="Figure 26. Pulchriphyllium bhaskarai sp. nov. female holotype A details of the antennae, dorsal B dorsal habitus C details of the head and thorax, dorsal D details of the profemora E genitalia details, ventral F ventral habitus G lateral view of the thorax (anterior to the right). Scale bars: 25 mm (B, F)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1173.104413.figure26" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/887728" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">26C</figureCitation>
|
||
). Prescutum anterior rim not strongly protruding, rim surface is granular and lacks a sagittal spine (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="A8E5B84349388010F79F6081DAACF4B0" captionStart="Figure 26" captionStartId="F26" captionText="Figure 26. Pulchriphyllium bhaskarai sp. nov. female holotype A details of the antennae, dorsal B dorsal habitus C details of the head and thorax, dorsal D details of the profemora E genitalia details, ventral F ventral habitus G lateral view of the thorax (anterior to the right). Scale bars: 25 mm (B, F)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1173.104413.figure26" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/887728" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">26C</figureCitation>
|
||
). Prescutum surface slightly raised along the sagittal plane and the entire surface is marked throughout with granulation. Mesopleura are narrow for the anterior
|
||
<normalizedToken id="FEBD24CD19BBAF001A092D615582F3A4" originalValue="¼">1/4</normalizedToken>
|
||
, then diverge strongly for the middle
|
||
<normalizedToken id="DB5C4A3916A33C27910992DB8039F002" originalValue="½">1/2</normalizedToken>
|
||
, bend prominently and then run only slightly diverging for the remainder of their lengths. On the mesopleuron near the distinct bend from prominently diverging to slightly diverging, there is a cluster of two or three tubercles which are grouped together and project slightly away from the mesopleuron margin (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="DCAADC1CA86E832803C2D8B4633B2096" captionStart="Figure 26" captionStartId="F26" captionText="Figure 26. Pulchriphyllium bhaskarai sp. nov. female holotype A details of the antennae, dorsal B dorsal habitus C details of the head and thorax, dorsal D details of the profemora E genitalia details, ventral F ventral habitus G lateral view of the thorax (anterior to the right). Scale bars: 25 mm (B, F)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1173.104413.figure26" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/887728" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">26C</figureCitation>
|
||
). Mesopleuron lateral margin with eight or nine various sized tubercles, with those on the anterior typically smaller (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="2F1F09831BFF4F2067362905D3057457" captionStart="Figure 26" captionStartId="F26" captionText="Figure 26. Pulchriphyllium bhaskarai sp. nov. female holotype A details of the antennae, dorsal B dorsal habitus C details of the head and thorax, dorsal D details of the profemora E genitalia details, ventral F ventral habitus G lateral view of the thorax (anterior to the right). Scale bars: 25 mm (B, F)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1173.104413.figure26" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/887728" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">26C</figureCitation>
|
||
). Mesopleuron surface granular and marked with a distinct divot near the middle (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="CB8709D7B05A16AB1B49B29D1446B957" captionStart="Figure 26" captionStartId="F26" captionText="Figure 26. Pulchriphyllium bhaskarai sp. nov. female holotype A details of the antennae, dorsal B dorsal habitus C details of the head and thorax, dorsal D details of the profemora E genitalia details, ventral F ventral habitus G lateral view of the thorax (anterior to the right). Scale bars: 25 mm (B, F)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1173.104413.figure26" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/887728" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">26C</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<emphasis id="70A400C83440051CA77CC91B5F86E744" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">
|
||
<emphasis id="34CBB5E5549E0BA37488EF885EBBD217" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">Wings</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Tegmina long, reaching at least
|
||
<normalizedToken id="3BE36E29E5965A325243E38A132C346F" originalValue="½">1/2</normalizedToken>
|
||
onto abdominal segment VII or slightly onto VIII. Tegmen venation; the subcosta (Sc) is the first vein in the forewing, runs parallel with the margin for the first
|
||
<normalizedToken id="0AFDAA84137F1D9F0A611700685596BD" originalValue="½">1/2</normalizedToken>
|
||
, and then bends slightly and runs towards the margin where it terminates ca ⅕ of the way through the wing length. The radius (R) spans the central portion of the tegmen with two slightly diverging veins; the first radius (R1) branches ca ⅕ of the way through the tegmen length and terminates approximately ⅓ of the way through; the radial sector (Rs) branches ca ⅓ of the way through the tegmen length and terminates near the distal ⅖. The media (M) is bifurcate with the media anterior (MA) branching near the middle of the tegmen length and terminating near the distal
|
||
<normalizedToken id="7E91A55E5D88EBF42B0ACAF256BBE734" originalValue="¼">1/4</normalizedToken>
|
||
and the media posterior (MP) branches near the distal
|
||
<normalizedToken id="98A3AF3598CF9A868E725713FCB7CAA6" originalValue="¼">1/4</normalizedToken>
|
||
of the tegmen and terminates near the apex. The cubitus (Cu) is also bifurcate, branching near the posterior ⅕ of the wing into the cubitus anterior (CuA) and cubitus posterior (CuP) which both terminate at or near the wing apex. The first anal vein (1A) is simple and fuses with the cubitus ca ⅕ of the way through the tegmen length. Alae rudimentary.
|
||
<emphasis id="853DC6E3AD52A0B8F91160738207415A" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">
|
||
<emphasis id="F767A50C3E9F1FF7D75747B7F7819007" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">Abdomen</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Abdominal segments II through the anterior
|
||
<normalizedToken id="4C9D7F7970461A985AF835D9FC54A725" originalValue="½">1/2</normalizedToken>
|
||
of IV gradually diverging. The posterior
|
||
<normalizedToken id="6E091E34DAE6217B34861D36B5A30B32" originalValue="½">1/2</normalizedToken>
|
||
of segment IV through the anterior
|
||
<normalizedToken id="4946C3FB79C89FB0F8D6C077EC1A5F79" originalValue="½">1/2</normalizedToken>
|
||
of segment V weakly diverging. The posterior
|
||
<normalizedToken id="A9CABB8BC2C686341AD65AE40D59E366" originalValue="½">1/2</normalizedToken>
|
||
of abdominal segment V through VII with straight, slightly converging margins. Abdominal segment VIII arcing inward to form a small lobe, followed by segment IX and X converging to the apex.
|
||
<emphasis id="EE036A7134484CBEE269A2AEC88CCC89" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">
|
||
<emphasis id="A737C5BBD084966688A7D1CF98A5F0B8" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">Genitalia</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Subgenital plate starts at the anterior margin of tergum VIII, is not particularly broad, only extending at most to the anterior margin of tergum X and terminating in a fine point (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="041B75CC9A4920EA50A2850662C431DF" captionStart="Figure 26" captionStartId="F26" captionText="Figure 26. Pulchriphyllium bhaskarai sp. nov. female holotype A details of the antennae, dorsal B dorsal habitus C details of the head and thorax, dorsal D details of the profemora E genitalia details, ventral F ventral habitus G lateral view of the thorax (anterior to the right). Scale bars: 25 mm (B, F)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1173.104413.figure26" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/887728" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">26E</figureCitation>
|
||
). Gonapophyses VIII are long and moderately broad, nearly reaching the apex of abdominal tergum X; gonapophyses IX are shorter and broader (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="3D5B1086A3B4413FEC98D2335B99991F" captionStart="Figure 26" captionStartId="F26" captionText="Figure 26. Pulchriphyllium bhaskarai sp. nov. female holotype A details of the antennae, dorsal B dorsal habitus C details of the head and thorax, dorsal D details of the profemora E genitalia details, ventral F ventral habitus G lateral view of the thorax (anterior to the right). Scale bars: 25 mm (B, F)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1173.104413.figure26" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/887728" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">26E</figureCitation>
|
||
). Cerci flat, with a relatively smooth surface and few detectable setae (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="C3D81A5CDA6F10CAE81DF3A7D0570CC6" captionStart="Figure 26" captionStartId="F26" captionText="Figure 26. Pulchriphyllium bhaskarai sp. nov. female holotype A details of the antennae, dorsal B dorsal habitus C details of the head and thorax, dorsal D details of the profemora E genitalia details, ventral F ventral habitus G lateral view of the thorax (anterior to the right). Scale bars: 25 mm (B, F)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1173.104413.figure26" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/887728" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">26E</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<emphasis id="BF73C690D966F7A51AC4628F72D0B35E" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">
|
||
<emphasis id="F9651248A03E91A4D9BBBFA0050D2198" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">Legs</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Profemoral exterior lobe broad, slightly recurved with an acute angle, with a width ca 2
|
||
<normalizedToken id="1CE29AADF9AD4D6830B1D0C900F9ED30" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
the width of the interior lobe (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="82E04ECBEA3E1E5459BE4279BFB11456" captionStart="Figure 26" captionStartId="F26" captionText="Figure 26. Pulchriphyllium bhaskarai sp. nov. female holotype A details of the antennae, dorsal B dorsal habitus C details of the head and thorax, dorsal D details of the profemora E genitalia details, ventral F ventral habitus G lateral view of the thorax (anterior to the right). Scale bars: 25 mm (B, F)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1173.104413.figure26" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/887728" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">26D</figureCitation>
|
||
). Edge of the profemoral exterior lobe primarily smooth or slightly lumpy with at most three dulled, small teeth on the recurved angle (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="13CF99959BB5C059D1D836801FC7906D" captionStart="Figure 26" captionStartId="F26" captionText="Figure 26. Pulchriphyllium bhaskarai sp. nov. female holotype A details of the antennae, dorsal B dorsal habitus C details of the head and thorax, dorsal D details of the profemora E genitalia details, ventral F ventral habitus G lateral view of the thorax (anterior to the right). Scale bars: 25 mm (B, F)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1173.104413.figure26" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/887728" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">26D</figureCitation>
|
||
). Profemoral interior lobe only located on the distal ⅔ as an arcing lobe ca
|
||
<normalizedToken id="73287A4B7F33ED486F5B6AF9022A261E" originalValue="2½×">21/2x</normalizedToken>
|
||
as wide as the greatest width of the profemoral shaft, with the distal
|
||
<normalizedToken id="DDFB2FD3EA317AEC9D97EF0D85510423" originalValue="½">1/2</normalizedToken>
|
||
with four or five dulled triangular teeth of irregular size and spacing with looping gaps between them (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="F0EC3326E2082CEAB6C4624301D421F5" captionStart="Figure 26" captionStartId="F26" captionText="Figure 26. Pulchriphyllium bhaskarai sp. nov. female holotype A details of the antennae, dorsal B dorsal habitus C details of the head and thorax, dorsal D details of the profemora E genitalia details, ventral F ventral habitus G lateral view of the thorax (anterior to the right). Scale bars: 25 mm (B, F)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1173.104413.figure26" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/887728" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">26D</figureCitation>
|
||
). The mesofemoral exterior lobe arcs from end to end in a rounded triangular shape that is weighted towards the distal ⅖ and is at most slightly wider than the mesofemoral shaft width. The proximal margin is smooth but the distal margin following the bend is marked with three or four serrate teeth. The mesofemoral interior lobe is ca
|
||
<normalizedToken id="89C6EC4DB4D26B707FC71CD894EC121D" originalValue="1½×">11/2x</normalizedToken>
|
||
as wide as the mesofemoral shaft, and also shaped as a rounded triangle, but the interior lobe is slightly weighted towards the proximal ⅓. The mesofemoral interior lobe proximal margin is smooth and the distal margin following the bend is marked by six or seven dulled, serrate teeth. The metafemoral exterior lobe arcs end to end hugging the metafemoral shaft and lacks teeth. The metafemoral interior lobe arcs gently from end to end but is slightly thicker on the distal ⅔ (which is at most as wide as the metafemoral shaft width). The distal
|
||
<normalizedToken id="40E30FC504BA90D0DD1567DA626AB04F" originalValue="½">1/2</normalizedToken>
|
||
of the metafemoral interior lobe has five or six distinct serrate teeth. The protibial exterior lobe is a thin triangle weighted to the distal end with a maximum width of ca
|
||
<normalizedToken id="765371E63A5D415205B719B500BAD6DF" originalValue="1½×">11/2x</normalizedToken>
|
||
the width of the protibial shaft. The protibial interior lobe spans the entire length as a rounded triangle weighted slightly towards the distal
|
||
<normalizedToken id="12B9DAF080F9BE7C315FE8DD5FC30C72" originalValue="½">1/2</normalizedToken>
|
||
with a maximum width ca 2
|
||
<normalizedToken id="812DEA6C8DF3DCCC241C750BA90C3333" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
the width of the protibiae shaft itself. Mesotibiae and metatibiae lacking interior lobes.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="23921F9E2FEA1053D5F8149211489D2E" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">
|
||
<emphasis id="F0F0FE9D347B58B62EA4F8E59C9E3352" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">
|
||
<emphasis id="C99391F7493CCC762627C2BFCFDAE5EE" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">Measurements of holotype female</emphasis>
|
||
[mm].
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Length of body (including cerci and head, excluding antennae) 97.0, length/width of head 8.3/7.1, antennae 5.2, pronotum 6.2, mesonotum 4.9, length of tegmina 55.5, greatest width of abdomen 50.7, profemora 21.3, mesofemora 15.3, metafemora 18.9, protibiae 10.6, mesotibiae 11.1, metatibiae 15.6.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="5D64FD2A981ECE091CD7361830276383" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">
|
||
<emphasis id="1B8E61B26820F311770C1116F4C1208B" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">
|
||
<emphasis id="28ED1E9F94372109E5D0E189827C103D" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">Measurements of paratype females</emphasis>
|
||
[mm].
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Length of body (including cerci and head, excluding antennae) 95.6-114.5, length/width of head 8.2-10.8/7.0-8.3, antennae 5.1-6.2, pronotum 6.1-6.8, mesonotum 4.8-5.5, length of tegmina 55.3-67.0, greatest width of abdomen 50.5-56.1, profemora 21.0-27.6, mesofemora 15.2-17.5, metafemora 18.7-21.3, protibiae 10.5-12.6, mesotibiae 11.0-13.0, metatibiae 15.4-17.8.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="C2FBA40B2D7A35D619B2DEF6E085B888" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">
|
||
<emphasis id="18587D5DAECEDF101180783576347D37" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">
|
||
Male.
|
||
<emphasis id="DB64EF6DF58A26D7E60561D9C30EE635" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">Coloration</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Coloration description based upon images of live specimens. Overall coloration is pale green throughout with somewhat variable patches of tan, brown, or black (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="368B49F667CA69844B0598EE0B4F5553" captionStart="Figure 27" captionStartId="F27" captionText="Figure 27. Pulchriphyllium bhaskarai sp. nov. male paratype, Coll. RC # 21 - 032 A dorsal habitus B details of the profemora C lateral view of the thorax (anterior to the right) D details of the antennae, dorsolateral view E terminalia details, dorsal F genitalia details, ventral G details of the head and thorax, dorsal. Scale bar: 25 mm (A)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1173.104413.figure27" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/887729" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">27A</figureCitation>
|
||
). The antennae, head, thorax, protibiae, profemoral interior lobe, mesotibiae, mesofemora, and metatibiae are brown. The sclerotized area of the alae has variable tan portions around the veins. Abdominal segments V and VI have variable patches of brown/tan, and segment V has a pair of large brown/black eye spots.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="5531D5ED4E76DB85FD03FBCA2493181A" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">
|
||
<emphasis id="676C1CB06E21833CFA9FD0F9A77A0282" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">
|
||
<emphasis id="E1E81E18575C8EB1B79CD279CC63C79C" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">Morphology</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="BEB8EDEABC1339646EC619D922961579" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">Head</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Head capsule approximately as wide as long, with a vertex that is slightly wrinkled/rough textured. The posteromedial tubercle is small but distinctly raised above the head capsule. Frontal convexity stout and ending with a blunt point and marked with only a few short setae. Compound eyes bulbous, occupying slightly> ⅖ of the head capsule lateral margins (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="AEDF1B2F55030A99575297F3227911F6" captionStart="Figure 27" captionStartId="F27" captionText="Figure 27. Pulchriphyllium bhaskarai sp. nov. male paratype, Coll. RC # 21 - 032 A dorsal habitus B details of the profemora C lateral view of the thorax (anterior to the right) D details of the antennae, dorsolateral view E terminalia details, dorsal F genitalia details, ventral G details of the head and thorax, dorsal. Scale bar: 25 mm (A)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1173.104413.figure27" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/887729" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">27G</figureCitation>
|
||
). There are three well-developed ocelli located between and slightly posterior to the compound eyes. Antennal fields are approximately as wide as the scapus.
|
||
<emphasis id="7FD4366A878610E8C97F993C54A13621" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">
|
||
<emphasis id="7362C5C30917E3ED4D7C360468EDAE68" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">Antennae</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Antennae (including the scapus and pedicellus) consist of 22 segments (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="EB8AF889336CA15F26E3740921E955CC" captionStart="Figure 27" captionStartId="F27" captionText="Figure 27. Pulchriphyllium bhaskarai sp. nov. male paratype, Coll. RC # 21 - 032 A dorsal habitus B details of the profemora C lateral view of the thorax (anterior to the right) D details of the antennae, dorsolateral view E terminalia details, dorsal F genitalia details, ventral G details of the head and thorax, dorsal. Scale bar: 25 mm (A)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1173.104413.figure27" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/887729" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">27D</figureCitation>
|
||
). The scapus and pedicellus are bare, the following 17 segments are covered with thin, short setae, and the terminal three segments have notably shorter and denser setae. Each antennomere on the distal end projects ventrally slightly, so the overall antenna has a serrate appearance.
|
||
<emphasis id="975475B698FCCEE62E4F4D396A321AB4" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">
|
||
<emphasis id="40C1B349AF440680B1D9C59642981C34" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">Thorax</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Pronotum with anterior margin gently concave, with a well-defined margin. Lateral margins have moderately formed rims that converge gently to a straight posterior margin that lacks a distinct margin and is approximately
|
||
<normalizedToken id="C4EB33311B9921964736093C0F3506DC" originalValue="½">1/2</normalizedToken>
|
||
the width of the anterior rim (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="77375EA3113B9751A48BB882792E16D5" captionStart="Figure 27" captionStartId="F27" captionText="Figure 27. Pulchriphyllium bhaskarai sp. nov. male paratype, Coll. RC # 21 - 032 A dorsal habitus B details of the profemora C lateral view of the thorax (anterior to the right) D details of the antennae, dorsolateral view E terminalia details, dorsal F genitalia details, ventral G details of the head and thorax, dorsal. Scale bar: 25 mm (A)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1173.104413.figure27" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/887729" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">27G</figureCitation>
|
||
). Face of the pronotum is smooth or slightly wrinkled and marked with a distinct sagittal furrow, and a slight perpendicular furrow near the center (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="95258049F1AAD1159C050BFC4293C833" captionStart="Figure 27" captionStartId="F27" captionText="Figure 27. Pulchriphyllium bhaskarai sp. nov. male paratype, Coll. RC # 21 - 032 A dorsal habitus B details of the profemora C lateral view of the thorax (anterior to the right) D details of the antennae, dorsolateral view E terminalia details, dorsal F genitalia details, ventral G details of the head and thorax, dorsal. Scale bar: 25 mm (A)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1173.104413.figure27" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/887729" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">27G</figureCitation>
|
||
). The prosternum surface is slightly granular, and the mesosternum and metasternum surfaces are smooth centrally, but have slightly granular margins. The prescutum is approximately as long as wide, with lateral margins slightly converging to the posterior margin which is ca
|
||
<normalizedToken id="D3F6E6B1706E08CACAD4792AFB21268F" originalValue="¾">3/4</normalizedToken>
|
||
as wide as the anterior margin. Prescutum lateral rims roughly textured, with the nodes on the anterior more prominent than the posterior. The surface of the prescutum is heavily granulose and moderately wrinkled, with the surface slightly raised along the sagittal plane. Prescutum anterior rim weakly formed, surface only slightly granular, and lacking a distinct central tubercle (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="0AB42FA2D27784AFFAEB8680E01DC903" captionStart="Figure 27" captionStartId="F27" captionText="Figure 27. Pulchriphyllium bhaskarai sp. nov. male paratype, Coll. RC # 21 - 032 A dorsal habitus B details of the profemora C lateral view of the thorax (anterior to the right) D details of the antennae, dorsolateral view E terminalia details, dorsal F genitalia details, ventral G details of the head and thorax, dorsal. Scale bar: 25 mm (A)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1173.104413.figure27" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/887729" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">27G</figureCitation>
|
||
). Mesopleura narrow for the anterior ⅓, then gradually diverging steadily throughout their lengths (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="6AC5DDA27AFD60762DE69A9B76ACFD4D" captionStart="Figure 27" captionStartId="F27" captionText="Figure 27. Pulchriphyllium bhaskarai sp. nov. male paratype, Coll. RC # 21 - 032 A dorsal habitus B details of the profemora C lateral view of the thorax (anterior to the right) D details of the antennae, dorsolateral view E terminalia details, dorsal F genitalia details, ventral G details of the head and thorax, dorsal. Scale bar: 25 mm (A)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1173.104413.figure27" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/887729" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">27G</figureCitation>
|
||
). Mesopleuron lateral margin with four or five small tubercles throughout the length, with the posterior two slightly more prominent (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="7292777975053349103819701B5422F9" captionStart="Figure 27" captionStartId="F27" captionText="Figure 27. Pulchriphyllium bhaskarai sp. nov. male paratype, Coll. RC # 21 - 032 A dorsal habitus B details of the profemora C lateral view of the thorax (anterior to the right) D details of the antennae, dorsolateral view E terminalia details, dorsal F genitalia details, ventral G details of the head and thorax, dorsal. Scale bar: 25 mm (A)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1173.104413.figure27" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/887729" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">27G</figureCitation>
|
||
). Face of the mesopleuron with a slightly wrinkled texture.
|
||
<emphasis id="27A7E4A80D16CD846433E3B0E42936F1" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">
|
||
<emphasis id="331FAE2BF0072B56CB225EC07CCF617A" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">Wings</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Tegmina short, extending
|
||
<normalizedToken id="0E1E039F718EE8807475EE9C42E14D90" originalValue="¾">3/4</normalizedToken>
|
||
of the way onto abdominal segment II. Tegmen wing venation: the subcosta (Sc) is the first vein, runs relatively straight for ca
|
||
<normalizedToken id="6B1B9E5753DBF498757B00F2BFBEEE35" originalValue="½">1/2</normalizedToken>
|
||
of the wing length and terminates on the margin. The radius (R) spans the entire length of the tegmen, running as the radial sector (Rs) straight through the center of the tegmen to the apex after the first radius (R1) branches near the distal ⅓ of the wing and terminates near the posterior margin. The media (M) spans the entire length of the tegmen, running parallel with the radius (R) and radial sector (Rs) and terminates at the wing apex as the media anterior (MA) after the branching of a weakly formed media posterior (MP) near the proximal ⅓ of the tegmen. The cubitus (Cu) runs through the tegmen surface angled away from the media (M) for slightly <
|
||
<normalizedToken id="E59583B0FCEC38C404627FCB2A00BAA1" originalValue="½">1/2</normalizedToken>
|
||
of the tegmen length to the margin and then runs along the margin where it fades before reaching the apex. The first anal (1A) vein runs subparallel to the cubitus until they meet ca ⅓ of the way through the tegmen length. Alae well-developed in an oval fan configuration, reaching onto abdominal segment VIII or IX. Ala wing venation: the costa (C) is present along the entire foremargin giving stability to the wing. The subcosta (Sc) is fused with the radius for the anterior ⅗ of the ala length, then splits and runs parallel with the ala margin until it fades before reaching the apex. The radius (R) branches ca ⅔ of the way through the ala length into the first radius (R1) and radial sector (Rs) which run gradually diverging until they fuse with the cubitus at different locations. The media (M) branches early, near the anterior ⅛ into the media anterior (MA) and the media posterior (MP) which run diverging for ⅓ of their lengths, then parallel for ⅓ of their lengths, and converging for the final ⅓. Both the media anterior and the media posterior weakly fuse with the cubitus at different locations. The cubitus runs unbranched and terminates at the wing apex after the media anterior, media posterior, first radius, and radial sector fuse with it at different locations. Of the anterior anal veins, the first anterior anal (1AA) fuses with the cubitus ca ⅕ of the way through the wing length and then the first anterior anal branches from the cubitus on the distal ⅓ where it uniformly diverges from the cubitus until it terminates at the wing margin. The anterior anal veins two-seven (2AA-7AA) have a common origin and run unbranched in a folding fan pattern of relatively uniform spacing to the wing margin. The posterior anal veins (1PA-6PA) share a common origin separate from the anterior anal veins and run unbranched to the wing margin with slightly thinner spacing than the anterior anal veins.
|
||
<emphasis id="D446EE87051DD02DCF61AA2157A2DA86" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">
|
||
<emphasis id="201004EE1129BF1B62BF4F441596BF20" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">Abdomen</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Abdominal segments II through the anterior
|
||
<normalizedToken id="BC57290A89FEFBBE7A66EFAF9A43C711" originalValue="½">1/2</normalizedToken>
|
||
of segment IV gradually diverge. The posterior
|
||
<normalizedToken id="5E0796CB4057E29966A0D60F717ED9DB" originalValue="½">1/2</normalizedToken>
|
||
of segment IV through the anterior
|
||
<normalizedToken id="371DBCA15FE8575C5EE39817B20E2D64" originalValue="½">1/2</normalizedToken>
|
||
of segment V diverge slightly less than the previous segments. The posterior
|
||
<normalizedToken id="24ED6934EE082A5D55EADE15056660A9" originalValue="½">1/2</normalizedToken>
|
||
of segment V through segment VII have parallel margins, giving the abdomen a rectangular appearance. The posterior end of abdominal segment VIII converges significantly and forms a slight posterior pointing lobe. Abdominal segment IX has margins converging directly to abdominal segment X which is small and converges to a blunt apex.
|
||
<emphasis id="C612E7D104634874AA636C6228292139" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">
|
||
<emphasis id="3ED95D8591EFF91310C7290E01F5B36C" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">Genitalia</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Poculum broad and rounded (with a maximum width broader than abdominal segment X) and ending in a blunt apex that passes beyond the anterior margin of segment X (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="1ADDD3E4D55D53F35D99998263D3528F" captionStart="Figure 27" captionStartId="F27" captionText="Figure 27. Pulchriphyllium bhaskarai sp. nov. male paratype, Coll. RC # 21 - 032 A dorsal habitus B details of the profemora C lateral view of the thorax (anterior to the right) D details of the antennae, dorsolateral view E terminalia details, dorsal F genitalia details, ventral G details of the head and thorax, dorsal. Scale bar: 25 mm (A)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1173.104413.figure27" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/887729" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">27F</figureCitation>
|
||
). Cerci slender, with ca
|
||
<normalizedToken id="0405F12093AB220AE59C2373C3389328" originalValue="½">1/2</normalizedToken>
|
||
of their length extending out from under abdominal segment X. The cerci are slightly cupped, have a granulose surface, and numerous long setae along the margins. Vomer broad with straight margins evenly converging to the apex, which is armed with a singular, broad upwards turning hook.
|
||
<emphasis id="246B09FB578CA31A027B13F0758C571A" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">
|
||
<emphasis id="2A37413CB9AC18F1E2FB6158628D08BD" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">Legs</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Profemoral exterior lobe broad, nearly right angled, ca
|
||
<normalizedToken id="AB3B6B641766311A4B6E598C502FB13F" originalValue="1½×">11/2x</normalizedToken>
|
||
wider than the interior lobe, with the proximal margin smooth and the distal margin marked with three to five teeth near the bend (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="937835C5AA61AF9F9D4A219A242AC6B9" captionStart="Figure 27" captionStartId="F27" captionText="Figure 27. Pulchriphyllium bhaskarai sp. nov. male paratype, Coll. RC # 21 - 032 A dorsal habitus B details of the profemora C lateral view of the thorax (anterior to the right) D details of the antennae, dorsolateral view E terminalia details, dorsal F genitalia details, ventral G details of the head and thorax, dorsal. Scale bar: 25 mm (A)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1173.104413.figure27" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/887729" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">27B</figureCitation>
|
||
). Profemoral interior lobe only on the distal ⅔ of the profemoral shaft, roundly arcing, with the distal
|
||
<normalizedToken id="A81D4B9FD1195744CC3749E013A3C647" originalValue="½">1/2</normalizedToken>
|
||
ornamented with four teeth arranged in a two-two pattern, with a large looping gap between the sets (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="51C9AFA58E3BAFEEC07330DBFC4677C1" captionStart="Figure 27" captionStartId="F27" captionText="Figure 27. Pulchriphyllium bhaskarai sp. nov. male paratype, Coll. RC # 21 - 032 A dorsal habitus B details of the profemora C lateral view of the thorax (anterior to the right) D details of the antennae, dorsolateral view E terminalia details, dorsal F genitalia details, ventral G details of the head and thorax, dorsal. Scale bar: 25 mm (A)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1173.104413.figure27" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/887729" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">27B</figureCitation>
|
||
). Mesofemoral exterior lobe is roundly triangular, slightly weighted towards the distal end, and broad (ca
|
||
<normalizedToken id="3C9D0CC2B22DC50ED3EDB25A14CCC211" originalValue="1½×">11/2x</normalizedToken>
|
||
as wide as the mesofemoral shaft width), with the proximal margin straight and smooth, and the distal margin slightly arcing and marked by four distinct serrate teeth. The mesofemoral interior lobe is slightly thinner than the exterior lobe and it is relatively evenly weighted from end to end. The proximal
|
||
<normalizedToken id="713E91162298B74A6D2CECC1095F7F85" originalValue="½">1/2</normalizedToken>
|
||
of the mesofemoral interior lobe is straight and smooth, while the distal
|
||
<normalizedToken id="8A14D6BE0034A3399B80507E40A10281" originalValue="½">1/2</normalizedToken>
|
||
is armed with six or seven serrate teeth. Metafemoral exterior lobe arcs thinly along the metafemoral shaft, with a maximum width slightly thinner than the metafemoral shaft width. Metafemoral exterior lobe lacks dentition throughout most of its length, with only the distal ⅓ marked by three or four small serrate teeth. Metafemoral interior lobe is narrow and straight for the proximal
|
||
<normalizedToken id="D04AA20C8310B895BAC6644C5F5DD33E" originalValue="½">1/2</normalizedToken>
|
||
and then on the distal
|
||
<normalizedToken id="6D19C955A6BF72E54520638E523E15DC" originalValue="½">1/2</normalizedToken>
|
||
it widens out slightly to a maximum width approximately as wide as the metafemoral shaft width. The distal
|
||
<normalizedToken id="065EE028FDE3EFC848609141357E7CDB" originalValue="½">1/2</normalizedToken>
|
||
of the metafemoral interior lobe is armed with six or seven serrate teeth. The protibial exterior lobe is only present on the distal
|
||
<normalizedToken id="E82819F58261044162D350E231F77D95" originalValue="½">1/2</normalizedToken>
|
||
as a thin arcing lobe at most 2
|
||
<normalizedToken id="CA025EAA0A05972056D503BC78EF3E13" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
the width of the protibial shaft. Protibial interior lobe is a rounded, thin scalene triangle slightly weighted just distal to the midlength, with a maximum width ca 3
|
||
<normalizedToken id="A9C6B5C384829AF9239B375B994A8BC5" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
the width of the protibial shaft. Mesotibial exterior lobe is a small, triangular spur, only slightly wider than the width of the mesotibial shaft, situated just distal to the midlength, and occupying slightly <⅓ of the overall length. The metatibial exterior lobe is ca 2
|
||
<normalizedToken id="C9415EC70D1D1E73191DC83961DCCAEF" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
the size of the mesotibial exterior lobe but slightly more rounded in shape, is situated only on the distal ⅔ of the length and has a maximum width of
|
||
<normalizedToken id="96F6284D27654DC88C0C39D1661F36EF" originalValue="1½×">11/2x</normalizedToken>
|
||
the metatibial shaft width. Mesotibiae and metatibiae lack interior lobes.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="601F194671FC8DD56C26DA64E4899C8A" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">
|
||
<emphasis id="C19B2952726FD4B98D652B99DF6EF043" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">
|
||
<emphasis id="DE0D58BDC2B831EC4A88C7B4A9D0DA9F" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">Measurements of paratype males</emphasis>
|
||
[mm].
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Length of body (including cerci and head, excluding antennae) 73.4-74.0, length/width of head 4.5-4.6/2.1-2.2, antennae 25.7-25.9, pronotum 3.2-3.3, mesonotum 2.9-3.0, length of tegmina 14.3-14.5, length of alae 56.8-57.0, greatest width of abdomen 29.0-29.2, profemora 14.8-14.9, mesofemora 10.5-10.6, metafemora 11.2-11.3, protibiae 7.4-7.6, mesotibiae 6.9-7.0, metatibiae 9.0-9.2.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="2D558FD8DF6F480D387A3351C4C81732" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">
|
||
<emphasis id="5E192F8949EBDA4CA22EAD0E30F6DE3E" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">Eggs.</emphasis>
|
||
(Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="876A5E0C5C800AAC82904EB77D958B33" captionStart="Figure 28" captionStartId="F28" captionText="Figure 28. A-F Pulchriphyllium giganteum egg capsule, IMQC collection A lateral view B dorso-lateral view C dorsal view D opercular (anterior) view E posterior view F ventral view G-L Pulchriphyllium bhaskarai sp. nov. egg capsule, IMQC collection (Coll RC 21 - 034) G lateral view H dorso-lateral view I dorsal view J opercular (anterior) view K posterior view L ventral view. Photographs by Rene Limoges (IMQC). Scale bars: 2 mm (A-L)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1173.104413.figure28" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/887730" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">28G-L</figureCitation>
|
||
). The overall color is dark brown, all surfaces are roughly textured, with some of the rough textured areas lighter brown in color. The cross-section shape is approximately pentagonal, with the dorsal surface the widest surface. Each lateral surface has two longitudinally running semi hollow tubes running the full length of the capsule with their openings on the anterior end (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="804B48E265ADDAD4D08D60C9FEED358D" captionStart="Figure 28" captionStartId="F28" captionText="Figure 28. A-F Pulchriphyllium giganteum egg capsule, IMQC collection A lateral view B dorso-lateral view C dorsal view D opercular (anterior) view E posterior view F ventral view G-L Pulchriphyllium bhaskarai sp. nov. egg capsule, IMQC collection (Coll RC 21 - 034) G lateral view H dorso-lateral view I dorsal view J opercular (anterior) view K posterior view L ventral view. Photographs by Rene Limoges (IMQC). Scale bars: 2 mm (A-L)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1173.104413.figure28" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/887730" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">28K</figureCitation>
|
||
). When viewed laterally, the dorsal surface is slightly arcing, and the ventral surface is straight (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="2B43DFCA3D6DDB0163E780531908F0C4" captionStart="Figure 28" captionStartId="F28" captionText="Figure 28. A-F Pulchriphyllium giganteum egg capsule, IMQC collection A lateral view B dorso-lateral view C dorsal view D opercular (anterior) view E posterior view F ventral view G-L Pulchriphyllium bhaskarai sp. nov. egg capsule, IMQC collection (Coll RC 21 - 034) G lateral view H dorso-lateral view I dorsal view J opercular (anterior) view K posterior view L ventral view. Photographs by Rene Limoges (IMQC). Scale bars: 2 mm (A-L)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1173.104413.figure28" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/887730" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">28G</figureCitation>
|
||
). The dorsal surface has the micropylar plate which spans the entire length of the capsule in a roughly, rounded, diamond shape with the micropylar cup centrally located (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="5F5F66EDF52BF72008F475608CAC707C" captionStart="Figure 28" captionStartId="F28" captionText="Figure 28. A-F Pulchriphyllium giganteum egg capsule, IMQC collection A lateral view B dorso-lateral view C dorsal view D opercular (anterior) view E posterior view F ventral view G-L Pulchriphyllium bhaskarai sp. nov. egg capsule, IMQC collection (Coll RC 21 - 034) G lateral view H dorso-lateral view I dorsal view J opercular (anterior) view K posterior view L ventral view. Photographs by Rene Limoges (IMQC). Scale bars: 2 mm (A-L)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1173.104413.figure28" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/887730" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">28I</figureCitation>
|
||
). The area around the micropylar plate lacks distinct features, and is relatively simple, only roughly textured (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="1B562098180D9E4350805E8D9E1B9E2F" captionStart="Figure 28" captionStartId="F28" captionText="Figure 28. A-F Pulchriphyllium giganteum egg capsule, IMQC collection A lateral view B dorso-lateral view C dorsal view D opercular (anterior) view E posterior view F ventral view G-L Pulchriphyllium bhaskarai sp. nov. egg capsule, IMQC collection (Coll RC 21 - 034) G lateral view H dorso-lateral view I dorsal view J opercular (anterior) view K posterior view L ventral view. Photographs by Rene Limoges (IMQC). Scale bars: 2 mm (A-L)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1173.104413.figure28" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/887730" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">28I</figureCitation>
|
||
). The operculum is slightly ovular, wider than long, and is semi hollow, ending in a distinct opening (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="DAB5392F2E9714CE4866246DBE0445F7" captionStart="Figure 28" captionStartId="F28" captionText="Figure 28. A-F Pulchriphyllium giganteum egg capsule, IMQC collection A lateral view B dorso-lateral view C dorsal view D opercular (anterior) view E posterior view F ventral view G-L Pulchriphyllium bhaskarai sp. nov. egg capsule, IMQC collection (Coll RC 21 - 034) G lateral view H dorso-lateral view I dorsal view J opercular (anterior) view K posterior view L ventral view. Photographs by Rene Limoges (IMQC). Scale bars: 2 mm (A-L)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1173.104413.figure28" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/887730" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">28K</figureCitation>
|
||
). The ventral surface has a fully hollow tube running the full length, with openings on each end (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="38351231DDD89E2590ACFDD716AE603A" captionStart="Figure 28" captionStartId="F28" captionText="Figure 28. A-F Pulchriphyllium giganteum egg capsule, IMQC collection A lateral view B dorso-lateral view C dorsal view D opercular (anterior) view E posterior view F ventral view G-L Pulchriphyllium bhaskarai sp. nov. egg capsule, IMQC collection (Coll RC 21 - 034) G lateral view H dorso-lateral view I dorsal view J opercular (anterior) view K posterior view L ventral view. Photographs by Rene Limoges (IMQC). Scale bars: 2 mm (A-L)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1173.104413.figure28" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/887730" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">28K-L</figureCitation>
|
||
). On the posterior (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="83BA037307A54EC830212C4C004EA658" captionStart="Figure 28" captionStartId="F28" captionText="Figure 28. A-F Pulchriphyllium giganteum egg capsule, IMQC collection A lateral view B dorso-lateral view C dorsal view D opercular (anterior) view E posterior view F ventral view G-L Pulchriphyllium bhaskarai sp. nov. egg capsule, IMQC collection (Coll RC 21 - 034) G lateral view H dorso-lateral view I dorsal view J opercular (anterior) view K posterior view L ventral view. Photographs by Rene Limoges (IMQC). Scale bars: 2 mm (A-L)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1173.104413.figure28" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/887730" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">28L</figureCitation>
|
||
) only the ventral tube has an opening, the rest of the surface is rounded from the closed bases of the lateral, longitudinally running tubes.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="958CABF7C690C3FD22D5FE01E900109F" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">
|
||
<emphasis id="F3C5F603FDA1B299DBE69155ADED9424" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">
|
||
<emphasis id="5219044679003A7ADB79CBA5BC7AF747" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">Measurements</emphasis>
|
||
[mm].
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Length (including operculum): 7.9-8.0; maximum width of capsule when viewed from lateral aspect 4.2-4.3; length of micropylar plate 5.0-5.1.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="8F6158524A1430BD08E673CB93A1DC03" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" type="newly hatched nymphs">
|
||
<paragraph id="9794A4A61ECC1ED5B85766C866C92F47" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">Newly hatched nymphs.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="FC17E705D10588F722716B5EB4B10503" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">
|
||
(Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="A78F99ED505A2A909BCF3F909E5888A3" captionStart="Figure 29" captionStartId="F29" captionText="Figure 29. Pulchriphyllium bhaskarai sp. nov. live freshly hatched nymphs A dorsal habitus B habitus, dorsolateral view C habitus, dorsolateral view. Photographs by Edy Bhaskara (Indonesia)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1173.104413.figure29" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/887731" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">29</figureCitation>
|
||
). The general color throughout the body is vermillion with muddled lighter and darker areas. The basitarsi are white, with the remaining tarsal segments a similar red to the body base color. All tibiae have well-developed exterior lobes of a similar shape, a narrow triangle occupying the central ⅓ of the tibiae. The protibial interior lobe is prominent, gently arcing the full length of the tibia. The protibial lobe has a width that is ca 2
|
||
<normalizedToken id="2DBED8E633C3ECAEA62BABAD0378FB8E" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
as wide as the protibia shaft width. The profemoral interior lobe occupies the distal ⅔, is broad and obtusely angled, with a width that is slightly larger than
|
||
<normalizedToken id="2226C79945D4C4254EA0812576D6A80D" originalValue="2½×">21/2x</normalizedToken>
|
||
the profemoral shaft width. The profemoral interior lobe has two weakly formed teeth on each end of the distal margin. The profemoral exterior lobe is of a similar shape as the interior lobe, but differs in being slightly wider, lacking distinct serration, and the proximal end reaches closer to the base of the profemora. All femoral lobes have mild serration, typically only two or three dulled teeth on the distal halves of the lobes. The meso- and metafemoral interior lobes span end to end, but are more heavily weighted towards the distal end, with the proximal end thin. The meso- and metafemoral exterior lobes are slightly more evenly spread across their lengths and slightly thinner, giving them a more arcing appearance. The head and lobes of the legs are of a similar burnt red coloration while the thorax is brighter red. The abdomen base color is vermillion with darker red to black markings along the margins and looping along the central abdominal cavity, giving the appearance of spots. The abdomen is notably thinner than any other
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1A44013805C77EB0E57EFA276F139FD6" authorityName="Griffini" authorityYear="1898" class="Insecta" family="Phylliidae" genus="Pulchriphyllium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pulchriphyllium" order="Phasmida" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="CDA1065C55C23BB2094D195EAAE8121D" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">Pulchriphyllium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species, with a maximum width ca ⅗ of the abdomen length. The widest point of the abdomen is abdominal segment V.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="B45A12D3F9FBF9809D022ABEAE80241A" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="9089135C953BC8C4BC7F018E193F9A09" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">Etymology.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="78A2EBFD2CC5BFD423FD5AB4EC33857A" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">
|
||
Patronym. Named to honor Edy Bhaskara who supplied the specimens which solved the mystery surrounding this species. Previously only males were known, which are morphologically indistinguishable from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="DAC198947114E2D8A446E7E69B8B83A1" baseAuthorityName="Hausleithner" baseAuthorityYear="1984" class="Insecta" family="Phylliidae" genus="Pulchriphyllium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pulchriphyllium giganteum" order="Phasmida" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="giganteum">
|
||
<emphasis id="939FC6E9AE719D9431D2630E9F0179C0" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">Pulchriphyllium giganteum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, until Edy Bhaskara supplied the authors with fresh specimens (which allowed DNA analyses) as well as adult females, freshly hatched nymphs, and eggs, all of which allowed a full understanding to be generated for this species and allowed differentiation from congenerics.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="1232FC76F444849106618E41DA3CDE21" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="FA0185D7EB665390C3B9B29643916965" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">Distribution.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="574ED5A03787FBED2E4A032BD2DAF99B" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">At present only known from Java, Indonesia, with records from throughout the island (Suppl. material 1).</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="0C0630D6D3E0B88DAE34ADD8B475E2A0" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" type="remarks">
|
||
<paragraph id="7219A649EB7DEFFE1A05DCAE7466E2DC" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">Remarks.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="81B3E677F3C3CBFBFA6EC772BC3E6EE0" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">
|
||
Originally, it was thought that the "
|
||
<taxonomicName id="34083FD61261CB1075725E6B79B304B2" baseAuthorityName="Hausleithner" baseAuthorityYear="1984" class="Insecta" family="Phylliidae" genus="Pulchriphyllium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pulchriphyllium giganteum" order="Phasmida" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="giganteum">Pulchriphyllium giganteum</taxonomicName>
|
||
"-like population on Java, Indonesia was simply a range expansion for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="917990A8D5874BCC9C1935F6467C9824" baseAuthorityName="Hausleithner" baseAuthorityYear="1984" class="Insecta" family="Phylliidae" genus="Pulchriphyllium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pulchriphyllium giganteum" order="Phasmida" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="giganteum">
|
||
<emphasis id="8235B0A04983A2B9A176CD766FF3C4E8" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">Pulchriphyllium giganteum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="3A1836F3050128AB25E8083ACFD864C5" DOI="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.913.49044" author="Cumming, RT" journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" pagination="89 - 126" refId="B22" refString="Cumming, RT, Bank, S, Le Tirant, S, Bradler, S, 2020b. Notes on the leaf insects of the genus Phyllium of Sumatra and Java, Indonesia, including the description of two new species with purple coxae (Phasmatodea, Phylliidae). ZooKeys 913: 89 - 126, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.913.49044" title="Notes on the leaf insects of the genus Phyllium of Sumatra and Java, Indonesia, including the description of two new species with purple coxae (Phasmatodea, Phylliidae)." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.913.49044" volume="913" year="2020 b">Cumming et al. 2020b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). This erroneous assumption was based solely upon male morphology as no significant morphological features could be identified at the time. It was not until fresh specimens could be sequenced and the adult female, freshly hatched nymph, and the egg morphology were known that it became apparent that this "
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D56BD088DBCEE63BF25F092208CB04EC" baseAuthorityName="Hausleithner" baseAuthorityYear="1984" class="Insecta" family="Phylliidae" genus="Pulchriphyllium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pulchriphyllium giganteum" order="Phasmida" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="giganteum">Pulchriphyllium giganteum</taxonomicName>
|
||
"-like species from Java was unique and undescribed.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="A08653A88113ADE18FF0D3331AFE323D" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">
|
||
Within the DNA-based analyses of
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4B68C62E9EAC550F3044905C462A5BB2" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1038/s42003-021-02436-z" author="Bank, S" journalOrPublisher="Libraire Encyclopedique de Roret, Paris" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" refId="B3" refString="Bank, S, Cumming, RT, Yunchang, L, Henze, K, Le Tirant, S, Bradler, S, 2021. A tree of leaves: Phylogeny and historical biogeography of the leaf insects (Phasmatodea: Phylliidae). Communications Biology 4(932): e932. https://doi.org/10.1038/s42003-021-02436-z" title="A tree of leaves: Phylogeny and historical biogeography of the leaf insects (Phasmatodea: Phylliidae). Communications Biology 4 (932): e 932." url="https://doi.org/10.1038/s42003-021-02436-z" year="2021">Bank et al. (2021)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, this population was included as "
|
||
<taxonomicName id="438DEE7C0392AFF06E12313AC127D9DA" authorityName="Griffini" authorityYear="1898" class="Insecta" family="Phylliidae" genus="Pulchriphyllium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pulchriphyllium" order="Phasmida" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="C79C48152B9A894BBB4AC2FCDA566632" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">Pulchriphyllium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. 2" and not recovered as close relative to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5F8025701707F3632F5B564328B0F3C4" baseAuthorityName="Hausleithner" baseAuthorityYear="1984" class="Insecta" family="Phylliidae" genus="Pulchriphyllium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pulchriphyllium giganteum" order="Phasmida" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="giganteum">
|
||
<emphasis id="EF5DFCFC79F417C100EC87A73F72901F" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">Pulchriphyllium giganteum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from Malaysia, but instead was recovered with weak support to be sister to a clade comprising
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3A45E7D1044C259CC959A7E022530417" baseAuthorityName="Seow-Choen" baseAuthorityYear="2017" class="Insecta" family="Phylliidae" genus="Pulchriphyllium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pulchriphyllium rimiae" order="Phasmida" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rimiae">
|
||
<emphasis id="D54BA460D490E5C3FAECE220AB23AD30" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">Pulchriphyllium rimiae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Seow-Choen, 2017),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E2E6319950C17793EE4BFA65050DA679" baseAuthorityName="Cumming & Le Tirant" baseAuthorityYear="2018" class="Insecta" family="Phylliidae" genus="Pulchriphyllium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pulchriphyllium shurei" order="Phasmida" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="shurei">
|
||
<emphasis id="ADEEC8332E37A2B38595E67FA4BD9A82" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">Pulchriphyllium shurei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Cumming & Le Tirant, 2018), and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="CEB5283B64C11EBC0ED9424888655C64" baseAuthorityName="Seow-Choen" baseAuthorityYear="2017" class="Insecta" family="Phylliidae" genus="Pulchriphyllium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pulchriphyllium mannani" order="Phasmida" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mannani">
|
||
<emphasis id="E867621D922F538F2B3AB49A511EF2AB" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">Pulchriphyllium mannani</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Seow-Choen, 2017). Herein, the Javan taxon was instead recovered with high support as sister to all other included
|
||
<taxonomicName id="074608DA889F78CBC5D322A9C837591D" authorityName="Griffini" authorityYear="1898" class="Insecta" family="Phylliidae" genus="Pulchriphyllium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pulchriphyllium" order="Phasmida" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="F0E5C3FBEEFE94E1D87DB3E6B7D76A88" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">Pulchriphyllium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="1C6421AF2795C7E8E1423C902FCA7809" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Phylogenetic tree of the Phylliidae based on six nuclear and mitochondrial loci with a focus on Phyllium and Pulchriphyllium (please refer to Suppl. material 4 for the complete tree). Ultrafast bootstrap support values are depicted at each node. Specimens in green font are in addition to the already existing tree inferred by Bank et al. (2021). Highlighted in green boxes are the seven newly described species." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1173.104413.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/887704" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">2</figureCitation>
|
||
). Following DNA analyses, we were sent images of adult female specimens (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="0C52DB38D32C11F7889A6AFA518A4991" captionStart="Figure 25" captionStartId="F25" captionText="Figure 25. Pulchriphyllium bhaskarai sp. nov. live holotype female. Photographs by Edy Bhaskara (Indonesia) A coloration shortly after being found in the wild, dorsal habitus B altered coloration after several months in captivity, dorsal habitus C habitus, dorsolateral view." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1173.104413.figure25" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/887727" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">25</figureCitation>
|
||
) by Edy Bhaskara (Java, Indonesia) which, although appearing very similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="89777DF0799A619D13081C49BBCCB773" baseAuthorityName="Hausleithner" baseAuthorityYear="1984" class="Insecta" family="Phylliidae" genus="Pulchriphyllium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pulchriphyllium giganteum" order="Phasmida" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="giganteum">
|
||
<emphasis id="115BB5EFBEA4772C03BA7311844DF23B" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">Pulchriphyllium giganteum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from Malaysia, the Javan taxon has less prominent mesopleurae (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="90C8BDE62209AB73C74FCE3534F9C13E" captionStart="Figure 26" captionStartId="F26" captionText="Figure 26. Pulchriphyllium bhaskarai sp. nov. female holotype A details of the antennae, dorsal B dorsal habitus C details of the head and thorax, dorsal D details of the profemora E genitalia details, ventral F ventral habitus G lateral view of the thorax (anterior to the right). Scale bars: 25 mm (B, F)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1173.104413.figure26" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/887728" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">26C</figureCitation>
|
||
). Additionally, Edy Bhaskara was able to share images of the eggs (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="4D0A995DB7C81F3DF3575472F8A47E6B" captionStart="Figure 28" captionStartId="F28" captionText="Figure 28. A-F Pulchriphyllium giganteum egg capsule, IMQC collection A lateral view B dorso-lateral view C dorsal view D opercular (anterior) view E posterior view F ventral view G-L Pulchriphyllium bhaskarai sp. nov. egg capsule, IMQC collection (Coll RC 21 - 034) G lateral view H dorso-lateral view I dorsal view J opercular (anterior) view K posterior view L ventral view. Photographs by Rene Limoges (IMQC). Scale bars: 2 mm (A-L)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1173.104413.figure28" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/887730" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">28G-L</figureCitation>
|
||
) and freshly hatched nymphs (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="4EFBF67B9402BB48CD04BBFE3E04F441" captionStart="Figure 29" captionStartId="F29" captionText="Figure 29. Pulchriphyllium bhaskarai sp. nov. live freshly hatched nymphs A dorsal habitus B habitus, dorsolateral view C habitus, dorsolateral view. Photographs by Edy Bhaskara (Indonesia)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1173.104413.figure29" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/887731" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">29</figureCitation>
|
||
), both of which added to our understanding of the uniqueness of this species. Upon review of all available evidence for this taxon, this population can now confidently be identified as an undescribed species and described.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="3C376CB4BB0F889D2C05A2857ED380EF" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">
|
||
Thanks to DNA analyses, the geographic distribution of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C5B6662872FF7C324A235E48C99C511B" baseAuthorityName="Hausleithner" baseAuthorityYear="1984" class="Insecta" family="Phylliidae" genus="Pulchriphyllium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pulchriphyllium giganteum" order="Phasmida" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="giganteum">
|
||
<emphasis id="29625AC44AED74D0E318A9B874AFF624" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">Pulchriphyllium giganteum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has been clarified to encompass West Malaysia, West Borneo, and North Borneo as a single species. Unfortunately, Sumatra and Nias island leave an area of significant uncertainty as no DNA samples are yet available, and to date only male specimens have been observed/collected (which look identical to both
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F278DCD68929D389BF3295672841440A" baseAuthorityName="Hausleithner" baseAuthorityYear="1984" class="Insecta" family="Phylliidae" genus="Pulchriphyllium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pulchriphyllium giganteum" order="Phasmida" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="giganteum">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CEBEAC83754CE7C4FED76ED3E9E5AF3" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">Pulchriphyllium giganteum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E66266167352BBD37D1159B2E7A6962B" class="Insecta" family="Phylliidae" genus="Pulchriphyllium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pulchriphyllium bhaskarai" order="Phasmida" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bhaskarai">
|
||
<emphasis id="25F3620C391E3F318C814C98824E8852" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">Pulchriphyllium bhaskarai</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov.). Interestingly, despite
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B3C7B7A85DE373D464DD985DD63AF6AE" class="Insecta" family="Phylliidae" genus="Pulchriphyllium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pulchriphyllium bhaskarai" order="Phasmida" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bhaskarai">
|
||
<emphasis id="0FCB35276903699789EA99B28C35CB18" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">Pulchriphyllium bhaskarai</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. being presently understood as endemic to Java,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3463CA3AE5DF9038EF0BFDE8D4A71BD2" baseAuthorityName="Hausleithner" baseAuthorityYear="1984" class="Insecta" family="Phylliidae" genus="Pulchriphyllium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pulchriphyllium giganteum" order="Phasmida" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="giganteum">
|
||
<emphasis id="8B6C3CD11E8ABDBCA530612AC3533ADF" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">Pulchriphyllium giganteum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has a wide range from South Thailand, West Malaysia, and throughout Borneo (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1611283ED06CB7D2DD17EA53BCC8195" DOI="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.913.49044" author="Cumming, RT" journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" pagination="89 - 126" refId="B22" refString="Cumming, RT, Bank, S, Le Tirant, S, Bradler, S, 2020b. Notes on the leaf insects of the genus Phyllium of Sumatra and Java, Indonesia, including the description of two new species with purple coxae (Phasmatodea, Phylliidae). ZooKeys 913: 89 - 126, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.913.49044" title="Notes on the leaf insects of the genus Phyllium of Sumatra and Java, Indonesia, including the description of two new species with purple coxae (Phasmatodea, Phylliidae)." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.913.49044" volume="913" year="2020 b">Cumming et al. 2020b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="2E88684DFB186A443935512361A82AB7" author="Jiaranaisakul, K" journalOrPublisher="Thai Specimens" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" pagination="23 - 29" refId="B43" refString="Jiaranaisakul, K, Pawangkhanant, P, 2022. The leaf insect genus Pulchriphyllium Grifni, 1898 from Thailand: new distribution record with notes on species (Phasmatodea: Phylliidae). Thai Specimens 2: 23 - 29" title="The leaf insect genus Pulchriphyllium Grifni, 1898 from Thailand: new distribution record with notes on species (Phasmatodea: Phylliidae)." volume="2" year="2022">Jiaranaisakul and Pawangkhanant 2022</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Hopefully, future collecting efforts on the islands of Sumatra and Nias will produce DNA data as well as the adult female, egg, and freshly hatched nymph morphology, and thus allow these populations to be identified.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="55322FB12A164C4E7084200E2D5E1B82" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">
|
||
The eggs of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="20AD6619A58FB602F95174459E83D40F" class="Insecta" family="Phylliidae" genus="Pulchriphyllium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pulchriphyllium bhaskarai" order="Phasmida" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bhaskarai">
|
||
<emphasis id="3747F8CCEE172B28AD4BC16B3ED37000" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">Pulchriphyllium bhaskarai</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. are quite unique, as they lack the typical
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EABECC77DDFB482883BE4164E5B29B99" authorityName="Griffini" authorityYear="1898" class="Insecta" family="Phylliidae" genus="Pulchriphyllium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pulchriphyllium" order="Phasmida" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="522B2BFAEFC3625FA6CBBAD969DD9A53" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">Pulchriphyllium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
dense fins, and instead have rigid, open tubes running along the egg surfaces (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="6BAAEC0C7B8E1183EFBD740196AEBCBE" captionStart="Figure 28" captionStartId="F28" captionText="Figure 28. A-F Pulchriphyllium giganteum egg capsule, IMQC collection A lateral view B dorso-lateral view C dorsal view D opercular (anterior) view E posterior view F ventral view G-L Pulchriphyllium bhaskarai sp. nov. egg capsule, IMQC collection (Coll RC 21 - 034) G lateral view H dorso-lateral view I dorsal view J opercular (anterior) view K posterior view L ventral view. Photographs by Rene Limoges (IMQC). Scale bars: 2 mm (A-L)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1173.104413.figure28" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/887730" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">28K</figureCitation>
|
||
). No other phylliid eggs have such structures, and these rigid tubes are only similar to "type 7" eggs characterized within
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="05FBC2A4B088EBFB14CCD4D4A4E65707" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1186/s12862-023-02119-9" author="Buescher, TH" journalOrPublisher="BMC Ecology and Evolution" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" pagination="1 - 17" refId="B14" refString="Buescher, TH, Bank, S, Cumming, RT, Gorb, SN, Bradler, S, 2023. Leaves that walk and eggs that stick: comparative functional morphology and evolution of the adhesive system of leaf insect eggs (Phasmatodea: Phylliidae). BMC Ecology and Evolution 23 (1): 1 - 17, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12862-023-02119-9" title="Leaves that walk and eggs that stick: comparative functional morphology and evolution of the adhesive system of leaf insect eggs (Phasmatodea: Phylliidae)." url="https://doi.org/10.1186/s12862-023-02119-9" volume="23" year="2023">
|
||
<normalizedToken id="9BAE199A8117314D6F77026D4FB4E607" originalValue="Büscher">Buescher</normalizedToken>
|
||
et al. (2023)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
due to texture/material, but their overall shape is wholly unique. Within our recovered phylogeny (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="FC4D87257CD929F81D3EC25F6E86508C" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Phylogenetic tree of the Phylliidae based on six nuclear and mitochondrial loci with a focus on Phyllium and Pulchriphyllium (please refer to Suppl. material 4 for the complete tree). Ultrafast bootstrap support values are depicted at each node. Specimens in green font are in addition to the already existing tree inferred by Bank et al. (2021). Highlighted in green boxes are the seven newly described species." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1173.104413.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/887704" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">2</figureCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
<taxonomicName id="849BD1281D364AE5C223B360714C53EC" class="Insecta" family="Phylliidae" genus="Pulchriphyllium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pulchriphyllium bhaskarai" order="Phasmida" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bhaskarai">
|
||
<emphasis id="CA72306C5D6D9C967A381EFBDB6E2497" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">Pulchriphyllium bhaskarai</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. was recovered as sister to all other
|
||
<taxonomicName id="39776296A383E14DA79E6C9AC308CA6E" authorityName="Griffini" authorityYear="1898" class="Insecta" family="Phylliidae" genus="Pulchriphyllium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pulchriphyllium" order="Phasmida" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="52344ADA841AA0378DAF64ACA653E10B" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">Pulchriphyllium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species, a placement which is not surprising as within
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D1E0DBAD86A2F63A4EC19FCB652825A8" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1186/s12862-023-02119-9" author="Buescher, TH" journalOrPublisher="BMC Ecology and Evolution" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" pagination="1 - 17" refId="B14" refString="Buescher, TH, Bank, S, Cumming, RT, Gorb, SN, Bradler, S, 2023. Leaves that walk and eggs that stick: comparative functional morphology and evolution of the adhesive system of leaf insect eggs (Phasmatodea: Phylliidae). BMC Ecology and Evolution 23 (1): 1 - 17, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12862-023-02119-9" title="Leaves that walk and eggs that stick: comparative functional morphology and evolution of the adhesive system of leaf insect eggs (Phasmatodea: Phylliidae)." url="https://doi.org/10.1186/s12862-023-02119-9" volume="23" year="2023">
|
||
<normalizedToken id="9D2609423C6B4D66A24A3FC1FD470A67" originalValue="Büscher">Buescher</normalizedToken>
|
||
et al. (2023)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D9902FF99B083310EE17FD85723C4706" baseAuthorityName="Hausleithner" baseAuthorityYear="1984" class="Insecta" family="Phylliidae" genus="Pulchriphyllium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pulchriphyllium giganteum" order="Phasmida" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="giganteum">
|
||
<emphasis id="92808F83CD528D20D2D1AC1CD95B17C5" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">Pulchriphyllium giganteum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
with eggs that are also unlike most
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C71B7130AA5B929B35555EFDFB31365D" authorityName="Griffini" authorityYear="1898" class="Insecta" family="Phylliidae" genus="Pulchriphyllium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pulchriphyllium" order="Phasmida" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="4192E45EC092A4C63F9DC928B892C366" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">Pulchriphyllium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species was recovered as external to the other included
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3261A56373BE1012BBBFA30CC50E002D" authorityName="Griffini" authorityYear="1898" class="Insecta" family="Phylliidae" genus="Pulchriphyllium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pulchriphyllium" order="Phasmida" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="7F34D62847F0B043965320FDAE92C3A0" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">Pulchriphyllium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species. Within our recovered phylogeny (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="6E7C51A5FF464FDAF4C952547CDAF970" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Phylogenetic tree of the Phylliidae based on six nuclear and mitochondrial loci with a focus on Phyllium and Pulchriphyllium (please refer to Suppl. material 4 for the complete tree). Ultrafast bootstrap support values are depicted at each node. Specimens in green font are in addition to the already existing tree inferred by Bank et al. (2021). Highlighted in green boxes are the seven newly described species." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1173.104413.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/887704" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">2</figureCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
<taxonomicName id="61C8FB6C955A56169652D764F0C7FBCA" class="Insecta" family="Phylliidae" genus="Pulchriphyllium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pulchriphyllium bhaskarai" order="Phasmida" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bhaskarai">
|
||
<emphasis id="1716CCB72F1010DA0653E2442272191A" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">Pulchriphyllium bhaskarai</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov.,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E0AE4C171BC813C2A8B0062EC7723630" baseAuthorityName="Hausleithner" baseAuthorityYear="1984" class="Insecta" family="Phylliidae" genus="Pulchriphyllium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pulchriphyllium giganteum" order="Phasmida" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="giganteum">
|
||
<emphasis id="D994040397D7C4B7285D02C5D49057D7" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">Pulchriphyllium giganteum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and a clade formed by three species whose eggs are presently unknown (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1B3642A7197C748EA63C46CB0C5A9367" baseAuthorityName="Seow-Choen" baseAuthorityYear="2017" class="Insecta" family="Phylliidae" genus="Pulchriphyllium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pulchriphyllium rimiae" order="Phasmida" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rimiae">
|
||
<emphasis id="E02DFFE3913A2C815851D703A78E5D70" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">Pulchriphyllium rimiae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FCE2F1EA363DEC34192846064D3ABE5E" baseAuthorityName="Cumming & Le Tirant" baseAuthorityYear="2018" class="Insecta" family="Phylliidae" genus="Pulchriphyllium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pulchriphyllium shurei" order="Phasmida" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="shurei">
|
||
<emphasis id="BB0331E68EB8D59C0676D29061D1CF19" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">Pulchriphyllium shurei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="71C28F164D58B15E8C438D10EA1A5CBE" baseAuthorityName="Seow-Choen" baseAuthorityYear="2017" class="Insecta" family="Phylliidae" genus="Pulchriphyllium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pulchriphyllium mannani" order="Phasmida" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mannani">
|
||
<emphasis id="DEC101F6A1505896DA0138CD3C1B2D32" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">Pulchriphyllium mannani</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) were recovered as external to the bulk of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C49B45ADB0DF795861C17184122593BA" authorityName="Griffini" authorityYear="1898" class="Insecta" family="Phylliidae" genus="Pulchriphyllium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pulchriphyllium" order="Phasmida" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="4F84CFF6B580589DE0A456ACC52317DA" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">Pulchriphyllium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species which have the dense fins. This leaves us speculating what egg morphology
|
||
<taxonomicName id="08C96E69563D23EE4B17C5769A304481" baseAuthorityName="Seow-Choen" baseAuthorityYear="2017" class="Insecta" family="Phylliidae" genus="Pulchriphyllium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pulchriphyllium rimiae" order="Phasmida" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rimiae">
|
||
<emphasis id="6FE0F94AB6FEE116B6EE0FACAECA0FB8" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">Pulchriphyllium rimiae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A252961074EC7549369F368574B5A477" baseAuthorityName="Cumming & Le Tirant" baseAuthorityYear="2018" class="Insecta" family="Phylliidae" genus="Pulchriphyllium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pulchriphyllium shurei" order="Phasmida" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="shurei">
|
||
<emphasis id="E0ECCBD90DCF597AB917E66E747E36E0" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">Pulchriphyllium shurei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B215D28EB65CD661039A480F0CE73C83" baseAuthorityName="Seow-Choen" baseAuthorityYear="2017" class="Insecta" family="Phylliidae" genus="Pulchriphyllium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pulchriphyllium mannani" order="Phasmida" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mannani">
|
||
<emphasis id="56DF3DB70D59A5BB639D2675371C05AC" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">Pulchriphyllium mannani</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
may have as these species (which are only known from males at the moment) are morphologically unique and not nested within the greater
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6B23680BC4C42352B90AE2E3515A2D73" authorityName="Griffini" authorityYear="1898" class="Insecta" family="Phylliidae" genus="Pulchriphyllium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pulchriphyllium" order="Phasmida" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="5B36B0F635F4A9EBFEBD35D022362A1C" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">Pulchriphyllium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Hopefully females of these species can be located one day, and their egg morphology identified in order to better frame the evolution of phylliid egg morphology and fill in this missing knowledge.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="94C3B4CCCF1DC1BD958972620233B9CB" doi="10.3897/zookeys.1173.104413.figure30" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/887732" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" start="Figure 30" startId="F30">
|
||
<paragraph id="804020E789DB3027A9AD607958C325E4" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">
|
||
<emphasis id="F993B1D326B5AF0EF51EA12A73996DAC" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">Figure 30.</emphasis>
|
||
Paratype historic pair of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C0C01FD4E1CAF8FD367B50E783A71813" class="Insecta" family="Phylliidae" genus="Pulchriphyllium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pulchriphyllium bhaskarai" order="Phasmida" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bhaskarai">
|
||
<emphasis id="25F76AD03F41A90845527D6286035F28" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">Pulchriphyllium bhaskarai</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. from MZPW
|
||
<emphasis id="6B661184A60F726599064C5CBEE038C4" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">A</emphasis>
|
||
male with data labels inset to the lower left
|
||
<emphasis id="0C5B48AE4664364E8453CA03CA7A91A6" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">B</emphasis>
|
||
female with data labels inset to the right.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |