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<mods:title id="5CDAC86B76581B682AC47AB4FBA6E600">Phylogenetic analysis, taxonomic revision, and dental ontogeny of the Cretaceous Zhelestidae (Mammalia: Eutheria)</mods:title>
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<paragraph id="235B3699FF9E61295240FCE6C6ECFC95" blockId="42.[850,1378,823,877]" pageId="42" pageNumber="403">
<heading id="781381F5FF9E61295240FCE6C6ECFC95" centered="true" fontSize="8" level="2" pageId="42" pageNumber="403" reason="8">
<taxonomicName id="E4E44D1AFF9E61295240FCE6C6ECFC95" authority="GHEERBRANT &amp; ASTIBIA, 1994" authorityName=": Gheerbrant &amp; Astibia" authorityYear="1994" class="Mammalia" family="Didymoconidae" genus="Lainodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="42" pageNumber="403" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="orueetxebarriai">
<emphasis id="1190EA8BFF9E61295240FCE6C6E7FCB2" box="[850,1184,824,845]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="403">LAINODON ORUEETXEBARRIAI</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="47754B68FF9E612955B8FCE9C6ECFC95" author="Gheerbrant E &amp; Astibia H" pageId="42" pageNumber="403" pagination="1125 - 1131" refId="ref31852" refString="Gheerbrant E, Astibia H. 1994. Un nouveau mammifere du Maastrichtien de Lano (Pays Basque espagnol). Comptes Rendus de l'Acadumie des Sciences Paris 318: 1125 - 1131." type="journal article" year="1994">GHEERBRANT &amp; ASTIBIA, 1994</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="235B3699FF9E61295234FCA0C6C9FC4B" blockId="42.[806,1421,894,946]" pageId="42" pageNumber="403">(See Appendix 4 for synonymies, referred illustrations, and referred specimens.)</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
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<paragraph id="235B3699FF9E61295234FC05C6D8FBE9" blockId="42.[806,1421,987,1040]" pageId="42" pageNumber="403">
<emphasis id="1190EA8BFF9E61295234FC05C1D7FC09" box="[806,912,987,1008]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="403">
<typeStatus id="FC5F883BFF9E61295234FC05C1CDFC09" box="[806,906,987,1008]" pageId="42" pageNumber="403" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
:
</emphasis>
L1AT 14, left m2. Identified by
<bibRefCitation id="47754B68FF9E6129541AFC05C1A7FBF6" author="Gheerbrant E &amp; Astibia H" pageId="42" pageNumber="403" pagination="1125 - 1131" refId="ref31852" refString="Gheerbrant E, Astibia H. 1994. Un nouveau mammifere du Maastrichtien de Lano (Pays Basque espagnol). Comptes Rendus de l'Acadumie des Sciences Paris 318: 1125 - 1131." type="journal article" year="1994">Gheerbrant &amp; Astibia (1994</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="47754B68FF9E612952FCFC24C662FBE9" author="Gheerbrant E &amp; Astibia H" box="[1006,1061,1018,1040]" pageId="42" pageNumber="403" pagination="295 - 323" refId="ref31886" refString="Gheerbrant E, Astibia H. 1999. The Upper Cretaceous mammals from Lano (Spanish Basque country). Estudios del Museo de Ciencias Naturales de Alava 14 (Num. espec. 1): 295 - 323." type="journal article" year="1999">1999</bibRefCitation>
) as m1(?).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="235B3699FF9E61295234FBE7C63DFB53" blockId="42.[806,1421,1078,1194]" pageId="42" pageNumber="403">
<emphasis id="1190EA8BFF9E61295234FBE7C62CFBB4" box="[806,1131,1080,1102]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="403">Type locality and horizon:</emphasis>
Laño, Álava Province, Basque Autonomous Community,
<collectingCountry id="5BF37609FF9E612955D5FB88C74BFB95" box="[1223,1292,1110,1132]" name="Spain" pageId="42" pageNumber="403">Spain</collectingCountry>
; unnamed stratigraphical unit, Late Cretaceous (late Campanian or early Maastrichtian).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="235B3699FF9E61295234FB0CC61CFA24" blockId="42.[806,1421,1234,1501]" pageId="42" pageNumber="403">
<emphasis id="1190EA8BFF9E61295234FB0CC1BCFB1E" box="[806,1019,1234,1255]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="403">Revised diagnosis:</emphasis>
Differs from all zhelestids except
<taxonomicName id="E4E44D1AFF9E61295234FB2FC197FAFF" authorityName=": Averianov &amp; Archibald" authorityYear="2005" box="[806,976,1265,1286]" class="Mammalia" family="Zhelestidae" genus="Sheikhdzheilia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Proteutheria" pageId="42" pageNumber="403" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="1190EA8BFF9E61295234FB2FC197FAFF" box="[806,976,1265,1286]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="403">Sheikhdzheilia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with protoconid tallest cusp on trigonid; labial postcingulid absent. Differs from all zhelestids except
<taxonomicName id="E4E44D1AFF9E612952CAFAF0C6C5FABA" authorityName=": Averianov &amp; Archibald" authorityYear="2005" box="[984,1154,1326,1347]" class="Mammalia" family="Zhelestidae" genus="Sheikhdzheilia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Proteutheria" pageId="42" pageNumber="403" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="1190EA8BFF9E612952CAFAF0C6C5FABA" box="[984,1154,1326,1347]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="403">Sheikhdzheilia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="E4E44D1AFF9E612955DFFAF0C725FABA" authorityName=": Cifelli" authorityYear="1990" box="[1229,1378,1326,1347]" class="Mammalia" family="Zhelestidae" genus="Avitotherium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cimolesta" pageId="42" pageNumber="403" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="1190EA8BFF9E612955DFFAF0C725FABA" box="[1229,1378,1326,1347]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="403">Avitotherium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by protocristid oblique. Differs from all zhelestids except
<taxonomicName id="E4E44D1AFF9E61295234FAB5C1FCFA79" authorityName=": Cifelli" authorityYear="1990" box="[806,955,1387,1408]" class="Mammalia" family="Zhelestidae" genus="Avitotherium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cimolesta" pageId="42" pageNumber="403" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="1190EA8BFF9E61295234FAB5C1FCFA79" box="[806,955,1387,1408]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="403">Avitotherium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="E4E44D1AFF9E612952EAFAB5C634FA79" authorityName=": Lillegraven" authorityYear="1976" box="[1016,1139,1387,1408]" class="Mammalia" family="Didymoconidae" genus="Gallolestes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="42" pageNumber="403" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="1190EA8BFF9E612952EAFAB5C634FA79" box="[1016,1139,1387,1408]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="403">Gallolestes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by paraconid on lingual margin present. Differs from all zhelestids except
<taxonomicName id="E4E44D1AFF9E61295234FA76C1FCFA44" authorityName=": Cifelli" authorityYear="1990" box="[806,955,1448,1469]" class="Mammalia" family="Zhelestidae" genus="Avitotherium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cimolesta" pageId="42" pageNumber="403" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="1190EA8BFF9E61295234FA76C1FCFA44" box="[806,955,1448,1469]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="403">Avitotherium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="E4E44D1AFF9E612952D9FA76C601FA44" authorityName=": Lillegraven" authorityYear="1976" box="[971,1094,1448,1469]" class="Mammalia" family="Didymoconidae" genus="Gallolestes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="42" pageNumber="403" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="1190EA8BFF9E612952D9FA76C601FA44" box="[971,1094,1448,1469]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="403">Gallolestes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="E4E44D1AFF9E6129559BFA76C764FA44" authorityName=": Nesov" authorityYear="1993" box="[1161,1315,1448,1469]" class="Mammalia" family="Gypsonictopidae" genus="Parazhelestes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="42" pageNumber="403" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="1190EA8BFF9E6129559BFA76C764FA44" box="[1161,1315,1448,1469]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="403">Parazhelestes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by trigonid angle between 3649°.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="235B3699FF9E61295234F9D8C188F9C3" blockId="42.[806,1421,1541,1594]" pageId="42" pageNumber="403">
<emphasis id="1190EA8BFF9E61295234F9D8C1E9F9E2" box="[806,942,1542,1563]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="403">Description:</emphasis>
See
<bibRefCitation id="47754B68FF9E612952E0F9DBC116F9C0" author="Gheerbrant E &amp; Astibia H" pageId="42" pageNumber="403" pagination="295 - 323" refId="ref31886" refString="Gheerbrant E, Astibia H. 1999. The Upper Cretaceous mammals from Lano (Spanish Basque country). Estudios del Museo de Ciencias Naturales de Alava 14 (Num. espec. 1): 295 - 323." type="journal article" year="1999">Gheerbrant &amp; Astibia (1999: 297 301</bibRefCitation>
, 310314).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="235B3699FF9E61295234F9BDC1D1F96E" blockId="42.[806,1421,1635,1687]" pageId="42" pageNumber="403">
<emphasis id="1190EA8BFF9E61295234F9BDC196F981" box="[806,977,1635,1656]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="403">Measurements:</emphasis>
See
<bibRefCitation id="47754B68FF9E61295533F9BDC7CEF981" author="Gheerbrant E &amp; Astibia H" box="[1057,1417,1635,1657]" pageId="42" pageNumber="403" pagination="295 - 323" refId="ref31886" refString="Gheerbrant E, Astibia H. 1999. The Upper Cretaceous mammals from Lano (Spanish Basque country). Estudios del Museo de Ciencias Naturales de Alava 14 (Num. espec. 1): 295 - 323." type="journal article" year="1999">Gheerbrant &amp; Astibia (1999</bibRefCitation>
: tabs 14).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="235B3699FF9E61285234F91EC05BFE29" blockId="42.[806,1421,1728,1903]" lastBlockId="43.[164,779,198,557]" lastPageId="43" lastPageNumber="404" pageId="42" pageNumber="403">
<emphasis id="1190EA8BFF9E61295234F91EC69EF92C" box="[806,1241,1728,1749]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="403">
Comments:
<taxonomicName id="E4E44D1AFF9E612952A1F91EC69EF92C" authorityName=": Gheerbrant &amp; Astibia" authorityYear="1994" box="[947,1241,1728,1749]" class="Mammalia" family="Didymoconidae" genus="Lainodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="42" pageNumber="403" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="orueetxebarriai">Lainodon orueetxebarriai</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
was based on permanent lower molars whereas milk lower premolars from the same site were referred by
<bibRefCitation id="47754B68FF9E6129541AF923C1A5F8CB" author="Gheerbrant E &amp; Astibia H" pageId="42" pageNumber="403" pagination="295 - 323" refId="ref31886" refString="Gheerbrant E, Astibia H. 1999. The Upper Cretaceous mammals from Lano (Spanish Basque country). Estudios del Museo de Ciencias Naturales de Alava 14 (Num. espec. 1): 295 - 323." type="journal article" year="1999">Gheerbrant &amp; Astibia (1999)</bibRefCitation>
to
<taxonomicName id="E4E44D1AFF9E61295515F8C2C634F8C8" authority="Archibald &amp; Averianov, 2012" authorityName="Archibald &amp; Averianov" authorityYear="2012" box="[1031,1139,1820,1841]" class="Mammalia" family="Didymoconidae" genus="Lainodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="42" pageNumber="403" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="1190EA8BFF9E61295515F8C2C634F8C8" box="[1031,1139,1820,1841]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="403">Lainodon</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="0AA357F0FF9E6129556EF8C2C695F8C8" box="[1148,1234,1820,1841]" pageId="42" pageNumber="403" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
We see no basis for this assignment. All differences between these taxa noted by
<bibRefCitation id="47754B68FF9E612952E3F887C710F896" author="Gheerbrant E &amp; Astibia H" box="[1009,1367,1881,1903]" pageId="42" pageNumber="403" pagination="295 - 323" refId="ref31886" refString="Gheerbrant E, Astibia H. 1999. The Upper Cretaceous mammals from Lano (Spanish Basque country). Estudios del Museo de Ciencias Naturales de Alava 14 (Num. espec. 1): 295 - 323." type="journal article" year="1999">Gheerbrant &amp; Astibia (1999)</bibRefCitation>
are differences between permanent molars and deciduous premolars. We refer tentatively to
<taxonomicName id="E4E44D1AFF9F61285352FF3BC14DFF00" authorityName=": Gheerbrant &amp; Astibia" authorityYear="1994" box="[576,778,228,250]" class="Mammalia" family="Didymoconidae" genus="Lainodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="43" pageNumber="404" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="orueetxebarriai">
<emphasis id="1190EA8BFF9F61285352FF3BC14DFF00" box="[576,778,228,250]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="404">L. orueetxebarriai</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
all therian teeth from the Laño locality, except possibly a tooth L1AT 11 identified as?
<taxonomicName id="E4E44D1AFF9F6128532CFEFCC0ECFECE" box="[574,683,290,311]" class="Mammalia" family="Didymoconidae" genus="Labes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="43" pageNumber="404" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="1190EA8BFF9F6128532CFEFCC0C7FECE" box="[574,640,290,311]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="404">Labes</emphasis>
sp.
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="47754B68FF9F612853AEFEFCC3A1FEAC" author="Gheerbrant E &amp; Astibia H" pageId="43" pageNumber="404" pagination="295 - 323" refId="ref31886" refString="Gheerbrant E, Astibia H. 1999. The Upper Cretaceous mammals from Lano (Spanish Basque country). Estudios del Museo de Ciencias Naturales de Alava 14 (Num. espec. 1): 295 - 323." type="journal article" year="1999">Gheerbrant &amp; Astibia, 1999: 314</bibRefCitation>
, fig. 5, pl. 2, figs 79). A right molar or dp5 trigonid from the Late Cretaceous of Taveiro,
<collectingCountry id="5BF37609FF9F6128503FFEA3C3D7FE6A" box="[301,400,381,403]" name="Portugal" pageId="43" pageNumber="404">Portugal</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="47754B68FF9F612850B6FEA0C30FFE4B" author="Antunes MT &amp; Sigogneau-Russell D &amp; Russell DE" pageId="43" pageNumber="404" pagination="1247 - 1250" refId="ref31015" refString="Antunes MT, Sigogneau-Russell D, Russell DE. 1986. Sur quelques dents de Mammiferes du Cretace superieur de Taveiro, Portugal (Note preliminaire). Comptes Rendus de l'Acadumie des Sciences Paris, Series II 303: 1247 - 1250." type="journal article" year="1986">Antunes, Sigogneau-Russell &amp; Russell, 1986</bibRefCitation>
: fig. E;
<bibRefCitation id="47754B68FF9F612850BCFE42C140FE48" author="Gheerbrant E &amp; Astibia H" box="[430,775,412,434]" pageId="43" pageNumber="404" pagination="295 - 323" refId="ref31886" refString="Gheerbrant E, Astibia H. 1999. The Upper Cretaceous mammals from Lano (Spanish Basque country). Estudios del Museo de Ciencias Naturales de Alava 14 (Num. espec. 1): 295 - 323." type="journal article" year="1999">Gheerbrant &amp; Astibia, 1999</bibRefCitation>
: fig. 3e) may belong to
<taxonomicName id="E4E44D1AFF9F612850BAFE65C053FE29" authorityName="Archibald &amp; Averianov" authorityYear="2012" box="[424,532,443,464]" class="Mammalia" family="Didymoconidae" genus="Lainodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="43" pageNumber="404" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="1190EA8BFF9F612850BAFE65C053FE29" box="[424,532,443,464]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="404">Lainodon</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="235B3699FF9F612851AEFE07C0A7FDD4" blockId="43.[164,779,198,557]" pageId="43" pageNumber="404">
A fragmentary lower molar from the Maastrichtian of
<collectingCountry id="5BF37609FF9F612851D6FE26C308FDF7" box="[196,335,504,526]" name="Madagascar" pageId="43" pageNumber="404">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
may belong to a zhelestid similar to
<taxonomicName id="E4E44D1AFF9F612851B6FDC8C09BFDD4" authority="(Averianov, Archibald &amp; Martin, 2003)" baseAuthorityName="Averianov, Archibald &amp; Martin" baseAuthorityYear="2003" box="[164,732,534,557]" class="Mammalia" family="Didymoconidae" genus="Lainodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="43" pageNumber="404" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="1190EA8BFF9F612851B6FDC8C357FDD2" box="[164,272,534,555]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="404">Lainodon</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="47754B68FF9F61285033FDC8C092FDD4" author="Averianov AO &amp; Archibald JD &amp; Martin T" box="[289,725,534,557]" pageId="43" pageNumber="404" pagination="149 - 151" refId="ref31529" refString="Averianov AO, Archibald JD, Martin T. 2003. Placental nature of the alleged marsupial from the Cretaceous of Madagascar. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 48: 149 - 151." type="journal article" year="2003">Averianov, Archibald &amp; Martin, 2003</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>