606 lines
74 KiB
XML
606 lines
74 KiB
XML
<document id="0DC2F42B445C69B64EB1A8147DAEEB04" ID-DOI="10.12782/specdiv.26.93" ID-ISSN="2189-7301" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5736883" ID-ZooBank="8753BCD8-5C14-497E-8749-3E8DF1998BB1" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="valdenar" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="valdenar" checkinTime="1638223839121" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Pfingstl, Tobias, Hiruta, Shimpei F., Nemoto, Takamasa, Hagino, Wataru & Shimano, Satoshi" docDate="2021" docId="8A17879BFFE0C546FF2FFA80FB118DBD" docLanguage="en" docName="SpeciesDiversity.26.1.93-99.pdf" docOrigin="Species Diversity 26 (1)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.12782/specdiv.26.93" docStyle="DocumentStyle:27FECD2C3CD153DA405029F2D33C9514.7:SpeciesDiversity.2012-.journal_article" docStyleId="27FECD2C3CD153DA405029F2D33C9514" docStyleName="SpeciesDiversity.2012-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="7" docTitle="Ameronothrus twitter Pfingstl and Shimano 2021, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docUuid="AA05A79A-45D9-4003-9779-3446EB56AF92" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="1" lastPageNumber="98" masterDocId="762EFFE3FFE1C543FFECFFB9FFE68A61" masterDocTitle="Ameronothrus twitter sp. nov. (Acari, Oribatida) a New Coastal Species of Oribatid Mite from Japan" masterLastPageNumber="99" masterPageNumber="93" pageNumber="94" updateTime="1709223669929" updateUser="valdenar" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:titleInfo id="F129B58E278FC9EEF3B4C41324BF21A7">
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<mods:title id="0CDDC754FB0AD5AB1D2C126749637D4D">Ameronothrus twitter sp. nov. (Acari, Oribatida) a New Coastal Species of Oribatid Mite from Japan</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name id="1B515F33A29C617B89663454D0FF459D" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="54AE71E74E9FF96F28A57B76499C45CB">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="8B844F1372C127CB314A1233F9F09738">Pfingstl, Tobias</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="3CF2AA44E44973747A4950D64099CD38">Department for Biodiversity and Evolution, Institute of Biology, University of Graz, Universitätsplatz 2, 8010 Graz, Austria E-mail: tobias. pfingstl @ uni-graz. at & Corresponding author</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="0C67AA98722AF8F453079932269D859A" type="email">tobias.pfingstl@uni-graz.at</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="E383E9F34B6EF9E6E19C4E9D36E8684C" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="311C8C0F431963A7640E3958837A0EAF">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="B2F8D65A3A37ED71975DD2FEC4FC8802">Hiruta, Shimpei F.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="3E15D35780EE77E523CCAAB181D91855">Center for Molecular Biodiversity Research, National Museum of Nature and Science, Amakubo 4 - 1 - 1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305 - 0005, Japan</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="338DCFE45FA65CBEB6EC0F1A30E2F76E" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="064D8F39A0C8F6D9EE3D0C30D13DD2C1">
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<mods:roleTerm id="8335A464458887E319BA53DB0DCE47A3">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="2BB654AE7D9C8C7B9F5E0F17CD2C2B7A">Nemoto, Takamasa</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="8E9A154B8E3089B4E16235750D983179">Hashimukou 93 Inashiki, Ibaraki 300 - 0745, Japan</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="B888E7EACCA512235B040E4EA89C24B9" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="1216B3E213CEC425DD0A0768D4950943">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="8F0E1225E0A1C870AA239D3ACA2D133B">Hagino, Wataru</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="8D4D6CA55462505E615317B59B5E947D">Department of Bioresources Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Okinawa College, Henoko 905, Nago, Okinawa 905 - 2192, Japan</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="C7F5724BBB9B1EA15B3E17DED80F9B70" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="4EC992DCC1E8304C1353CFDDF696EDA2">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="98A4042525E49491C001C4F1FB4E4592">Shimano, Satoshi</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="7C29336546E0DCAC2926263479D37AAC">Science Research Center, Hosei University, Fujimi 2 - 17 - 1, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102 - 8160, Japan</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="23CBC935B23FE43EDD491E17AEE7BCD5">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo id="EB190835821A195309EDED96E8284B2B">
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<mods:title id="68ECCC715B944C7ED65B4471BA1AE6D5">Species Diversity</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="23FBAEE17B4EBAFB24E4A07AAB099947">
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<mods:date id="7F38AA0FAEECD305A9BCED608542CA1D">2021</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="3CCB91C0F0FAFE36FBDEEF1962226261">2021-03-22</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="FA9AA2B37E7687492F0F0CB90F10826E">26</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="494200A165644C5326FAE061E7FA924A" type="issue">
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<mods:number id="D34863E66ADE283D816D47906A265310">1</mods:number>
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<mods:extent id="4EFBF8F83B241E4B12811B442FA92597" unit="page">
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<mods:start id="E71F1FB7BE9010D165C8AB4FB02C1A73">93</mods:start>
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<mods:end id="40C2C79004D986648F3671140BAE1AEA">99</mods:end>
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<mods:location id="BC1992D3A7A3D0F316E5CED59690DC36">
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<mods:url id="34A51D4C377C616106189F4B992A285C">http://dx.doi.org/10.12782/specdiv.26.93</mods:url>
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<mods:classification id="0B216B74D685FDA5C628568509596735">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="51FD18EA7C65A2843430DA40A0A85958" type="DOI">10.12782/specdiv.26.93</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="8B6A55F07F5B155506A3053B9627A605" type="ISSN">2189-7301</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="86342521E6708D82642EFE3F6EF93452" type="Zenodo-Dep">5736883</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="8CF093A6B92F68A4558328CDCD304723" type="ZooBank">8753BCD8-5C14-497E-8749-3E8DF1998BB1</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment id="8A17879BFFE0C546FF2FFA80FB118DBD" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:AA05A79A-45D9-4003-9779-3446EB56AF92" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/8A17879BFFE0C546FF2FFA80FB118DBD" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="98" pageId="1" pageNumber="94">
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<subSubSection id="4AA46506FFE0C542FF2FFA80FD4B8F10" pageId="1" pageNumber="94" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="0201368DFFE0C542FF2FFA80FD4B8F10" blockId="1.[195,729,1337,1426]" pageId="1" pageNumber="94">
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<taxonomicName id="C5BE4D0EFFE0C542FF2FFA80FD628F30" ID-CoL="8TD7N" authority="Pfingstl and Shimano" authorityName="Pfingstl and Shimano" authorityYear="2021" box="[195,644,1337,1361]" class="Arachnida" family="Ameronothridae" genus="Ameronothrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sarcoptiformes" pageId="1" pageNumber="94" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="twitter" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="30CAEA9FFFE0C542FF2FFA80FE428F30" bold="true" box="[195,420,1337,1361]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="94">Ameronothrus twitter</emphasis>
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Pfingstl and Shimano
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="2BF957E4FFE0C542FD61FA83FD3F8F30" box="[653,729,1338,1361]" pageId="1" pageNumber="94" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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[New Japanese name: Choshi-hamabe-dani]
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="4AA46506FFE0C542FE76FAC3FDE68FF3" box="[410,512,1402,1426]" pageId="1" pageNumber="94" type="description">
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<paragraph id="0201368DFFE0C542FE76FAC3FDE68FF3" blockId="1.[195,729,1337,1426]" box="[410,512,1402,1426]" pageId="1" pageNumber="94">
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(
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<figureCitation id="9A852A08FFE0C542FE4DFAC3FE1F8FF3" box="[417,505,1402,1426]" captionStart-0="Fig" captionStart-1="Fig" captionStart-2="Fig" captionStartId-0="2.[156,187,1070,1092]" captionStartId-1="3.[156,187,1745,1767]" captionStartId-2="4.[156,187,1709,1731]" captionTargetBox-0="[189,1399,206,1030]" captionTargetBox-1="[213,1376,222,1669]" captionTargetBox-2="[188,1398,206,1670]" captionTargetId-0="figure-559@2.[188,1400,205,1031]" captionTargetId-1="figure-159@3.[187,1400,205,1706]" captionTargetId-2="figure-179@4.[187,1399,205,1671]" captionTargetPageId-0="2" captionTargetPageId-1="3" captionTargetPageId-2="4" captionText-0="Fig. 1. Ameronothrus twitter Pfingstl and Shimano, sp. nov., adult female. A, Dorsal view, legs omitted; B, ventral view, mouthparts and legs distal segments omitted.Scale bar valid for both depictions." captionText-1="Fig. 2. Ameronothrus twitter Pfingstl and Shimano, sp. nov., stereomicroscopic photographs of adult female. A, Dorsal view; B, ventral view; C, lateral view." captionText-2="Fig. 3. Ameronothrus twitter Pfingstl and Shimano, sp. nov., adult legs. A, Right leg I dorsal view; B, left leg II dorso-lateral view of antiaxial aspect; C, left leg III antiaxial view; D, left leg IV antiaxial view. Scale bar valid for all legs." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5736885" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5736887" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5736889" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/5736885/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/5736887/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/5736889/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="94">Figs 1–3</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="4AA46506FFE0C542FF59FA02FD358D58" pageId="1" pageNumber="94" type="materials_examined">
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||
<paragraph id="0201368DFFE0C542FF59FA02FD358D58" blockId="1.[156,768,1467,2077]" pageId="1" pageNumber="94">
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||
<emphasis id="30CAEA9FFFE0C542FF59FA02FEB58FB2" bold="true" box="[181,339,1467,1491]" pageId="1" pageNumber="94">Type material.</emphasis>
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||
<materialsCitation id="B2D63CD0FFE0C542FEB3FA02FF1E8C75" collectingDate="2019-05-08" collectorName="S. Shimano" country="Japan" location="Choshi" municipality="Honshu" pageId="1" pageNumber="94" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
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||
<typeStatus id="DD05882FFFE0C542FEB3FA02FE268FB2" box="[351,448,1467,1491]" pageId="1" pageNumber="94" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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||
:
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<specimenCount id="14B8FD04FFE0C542FE22FA02FDB68FB2" box="[462,592,1467,1491]" pageId="1" pageNumber="94" type="adult">adult female</specimenCount>
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||
(length 766 µm, width 500 µm),
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<collectingCountry id="7AA9761DFFE0C542FED1FA65FE9E8F92" box="[317,376,1500,1523]" name="Japan" pageId="1" pageNumber="94">Japan</collectingCountry>
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||
,
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||
<collectingMunicipality id="E265ACF7FFE0C542FE6FFA65FE308F95" box="[387,470,1500,1524]" pageId="1" pageNumber="94">Honshu</collectingMunicipality>
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||
,
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||
<location id="07616056FFE0C542FE0DFA65FDCA8F95" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:8A17879BFFE0C546FF2FFA80FB118DBD:07616056FFE0C542FE0DFA65FDCA8F95" box="[481,556,1500,1524]" country="Japan" municipality="Honshu" name="Choshi" pageId="1" pageNumber="94">Choshi</location>
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||
,
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||
<date id="7600104DFFE0C542FDDBFA65FD578F95" box="[567,689,1500,1524]" pageId="1" pageNumber="94" value="2019-05-08">
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||
<collectingDate id="6644E9A5FFE0C542FDDBFA65FD578F95" box="[567,689,1500,1524]" pageId="1" pageNumber="94" value="2019-05-08">8 May 2019</collectingDate>
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</date>
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, coll.
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<collectorName id="AF4B535BFFE0C542FD01FA65FF1E8C75" pageId="1" pageNumber="94">S. Shimano</collectorName>
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</materialsCitation>
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||
.
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<materialsCitation id="B2D63CD0FFE0C542FEEAFA44FD7F8C34" collectingDate="2019-05-08" collectorName="S. Shimano" country="Japan" location="Choshi" municipality="Honshu" pageId="1" pageNumber="94" specimenCount="4" specimenCount-female="2" specimenCount-male="2" typeStatus="paratype">
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Four
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<typeStatus id="DD05882FFFE0C542FEAEFA44FE408C74" box="[322,422,1533,1557]" pageId="1" pageNumber="94">paratypes</typeStatus>
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:
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<specimenCount id="14B8FD04FFE0C542FE58FA44FDF98C75" box="[436,543,1532,1556]" count="2" pageId="1" pageNumber="94" type="male">two males</specimenCount>
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(length 613–625µm, width 344–369 µm) and
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<specimenCount id="14B8FD04FFE0C542FE4EF9A4FDF98C54" box="[418,543,1565,1589]" count="2" pageId="1" pageNumber="94" type="female">two females</specimenCount>
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(length 703–750 µm, width 438–488 µm); same data as for holotype
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</materialsCitation>
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. All type specimens preserved in ethanol, and deposited at the Collection of
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<taxonomicName id="C5BE4D0EFFE0C542FEFFF9C7FE668CF7" box="[275,384,1662,1686]" class="Arachnida" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="1" pageNumber="94" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="class">Arachnida</taxonomicName>
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||
, Department of Zoology, National Museum of Nature and Science,
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<collectingRegion id="C07AF86FFFE0C542FE02F926FDCB8CD6" box="[494,557,1695,1719]" country="Japan" name="Tokyo" pageId="1" pageNumber="94">Tokyo</collectingRegion>
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(NMST) [collection numbers:
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<typeStatus id="DD05882FFFE0C542FEE5F906FE848CB6" box="[265,354,1727,1751]" pageId="1" pageNumber="94" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
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NSMT-Ac 14675 and measured
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<specimenCount id="14B8FD04FFE0C542FD38F906FF1B8C99" pageId="1" pageNumber="94" type="generic" typeStatus="paratypes">four paratypes</specimenCount>
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||
NSMT-Ac 14676–14679]. Additional
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||
<specimenCount id="14B8FD04FFE0C542FD7BF959FF378D78" pageId="1" pageNumber="94" type="generic" typeStatus="paratypes">two paratypes</specimenCount>
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||
[coll. nr. 63985] are deposited in the collection of the Senckenberg Museum für Naturkunde Görlitz (SMNG).
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</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="4AA46506FFE0C542FF59F8FBFD048DFB" pageId="1" pageNumber="94" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="0201368DFFE0C542FF59F8FBFD048DFB" blockId="1.[156,768,1467,2077]" pageId="1" pageNumber="94">
|
||
<emphasis id="30CAEA9FFFE0C542FF59F8FBFECB8D3B" bold="true" box="[181,301,1858,1882]" pageId="1" pageNumber="94">Etymology.</emphasis>
|
||
The specific name ‘
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C5BE4D0EFFE0C542FE1AF8FBFDDE8D38" authorityName="Pfingstl and Shimano" authorityYear="2021" box="[502,568,1858,1881]" class="Arachnida" family="Ameronothridae" genus="Ameronothrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sarcoptiformes" pageId="1" pageNumber="94" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="twitter">
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||
<emphasis id="30CAEA9FFFE0C542FE1AF8FBFDDE8D38" box="[502,568,1858,1881]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="94">twitter</emphasis>
|
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</taxonomicName>
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’ refers to the social media platform, Twitter on which this species was spotted for the first time ever. The name is treated as indeclinable.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="4AA46506FFE0C542FF59F81AFB248BE0" pageId="1" pageNumber="94" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="0201368DFFE0C542FF59F81AFB248BE0" blockId="1.[156,768,1467,2077]" lastBlockId="1.[820,1432,198,2077]" pageId="1" pageNumber="94">
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||
<emphasis id="30CAEA9FFFE0C542FF59F81AFE448DDA" bold="true" box="[181,418,1955,1979]" pageId="1" pageNumber="94">Differential diagnosis.</emphasis>
|
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Colour dark brown, nearly black. Body length 613–766 µm. Notogastral cuticle with nodules, which are fused to large irregular ridges in anterior and especially posterior median notogastral areas. Prodorsal lamellar keels converging, anteriorly fused by a semicircular translamella. Sensilli short, capitate. Interlamellar and exobothridial setae absent. Labiogenal articulation complete. Primilateral setae on tarsus I present. Dorsal companion seta
|
||
<emphasis id="30CAEA9FFFE0C542FC60FEF1FC7F8B01" box="[908,921,328,352]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="94">d</emphasis>
|
||
on genu I, II and III and all tibiae present. Tarsal distal setae ending with a small nodule.
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</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="4AA46506FFE0C541FCA2FE30FD838D78" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="95" pageId="1" pageNumber="94" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="0201368DFFE0C542FCA2FE30FAD18804" blockId="1.[820,1432,198,2077]" pageId="1" pageNumber="94">
|
||
<emphasis id="30CAEA9FFFE0C542FCA2FE30FC348BC0" bold="true" box="[846,978,393,417]" pageId="1" pageNumber="94">Description.</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis id="30CAEA9FFFE0C542FC36FE33FBB78BC0" box="[986,1105,394,417]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="94">Integument.</emphasis>
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Cuticle thin, easily deformable, showing nodular appearance. In central notogastral area, these nodules loosely distributed, but in anterior and lateral notogastral parts densely packed and mostly fused to larger irregular ridges in anterior and posterior median area of notogaster. Cerotegument densely covering whole body. Colour dark brown, nearly black in stereomicroscope.
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||
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="0201368DFFE0C542FCA2FDD4FC1889AB" blockId="1.[820,1432,198,2077]" pageId="1" pageNumber="94">
|
||
<emphasis id="30CAEA9FFFE0C542FCA2FDD4FC5A88E4" box="[846,956,621,645]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="94">Prodorsum</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="9A852A08FFE0C542FC23FDD4FBC388E4" box="[975,1061,621,645]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="2.[156,187,1070,1092]" captionTargetBox="[189,1399,206,1030]" captionTargetId="figure-559@2.[188,1400,205,1031]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig. 1. Ameronothrus twitter Pfingstl and Shimano, sp. nov., adult female. A, Dorsal view, legs omitted; B, ventral view, mouthparts and legs distal segments omitted.Scale bar valid for both depictions." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5736885" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5736885/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="94">Figs 1A</figureCitation>
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||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="9A852A08FFE0C542FBDAFDD4FBB188E4" box="[1078,1111,621,645]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="3.[156,187,1745,1767]" captionTargetBox="[213,1376,222,1669]" captionTargetId="figure-159@3.[187,1400,205,1706]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Fig. 2. Ameronothrus twitter Pfingstl and Shimano, sp. nov., stereomicroscopic photographs of adult female. A, Dorsal view; B, ventral view; C, lateral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5736887" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5736887/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="94">2A</figureCitation>
|
||
). Rostrum rounded in dorsal view, demarcated from remainder of prodorsum by transverse caudally arched ridge
|
||
<emphasis id="30CAEA9FFFE0C542FBB1FD16FB8988A7" box="[1117,1135,687,710]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="94">ct</emphasis>
|
||
. Obvious lamellar keels (
|
||
<emphasis id="30CAEA9FFFE0C542FA93FD17FA6988A7" box="[1407,1423,686,710]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="94">cl</emphasis>
|
||
) converging, anteriorly fused by a semicircular translamella. Interbothridial area with larger irregular ridges. Rostral seta (
|
||
<emphasis id="30CAEA9FFFE0C542FCD1FCA9FCB48946" box="[829,850,784,807]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="94">ro</emphasis>
|
||
) spiniform, long and smooth (37–60 µm). Lamellar seta (
|
||
<emphasis id="30CAEA9FFFE0C542FCD1FC89FCAB8929" box="[829,845,816,840]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="94">le</emphasis>
|
||
) short, thickened, blunt and smooth (12–15 µm). Interlamellar seta (
|
||
<emphasis id="30CAEA9FFFE0C542FC5FFCE8FC218909" box="[947,967,849,872]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="94">in</emphasis>
|
||
) and exobothridial seta (
|
||
<emphasis id="30CAEA9FFFE0C542FB27FCEBFB078908" box="[1227,1249,850,873]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="94">ex</emphasis>
|
||
) absent. Bothridium cup-like, orifice circular. Sensillum (
|
||
<emphasis id="30CAEA9FFFE0C542FB0EFCCBFB1589E8" box="[1250,1267,882,905]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="94">ss</emphasis>
|
||
) short (approx. 37 µm), strongly clavate, globular head with inconspicuous irregular elevations.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="0201368DFFE0C542FCA2FC6AFB488F30" blockId="1.[820,1432,198,2077]" pageId="1" pageNumber="94">
|
||
<emphasis id="30CAEA9FFFE0C542FCA2FC6AFC35898A" box="[846,979,979,1003]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="94">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C5BE4D0EFFE0C542FCA2FC6AFC36898A" authorityName="Krefft" authorityYear="1871" box="[846,976,979,1003]" class="Chromadorea" family="Gnathostomatidae" genus="Gnathosoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spirurida" pageId="1" pageNumber="94" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">Gnathosoma</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Palp pentamerous 0-2-1-3-9 (solenidion not included). Solenidion
|
||
<emphasis id="30CAEA9FFFE0C542FBF1FC4DFBCB8E6A" box="[1053,1069,1012,1035]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="94">ω</emphasis>
|
||
on palptarsus associated with eupathidium
|
||
<emphasis id="30CAEA9FFFE0C542FC44FBACFC348E4D" box="[936,978,1045,1068]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="94">acm</emphasis>
|
||
. Atelebasic rutellum. Distal part with wide paraxial tooth followed by smaller tooth merging into an undulating membranous edge. Incision between rutellar teeth stronger sclerotized. Setae
|
||
<emphasis id="30CAEA9FFFE0C542FB90FBCFFB6E8EEC" box="[1148,1160,1142,1165]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="94">a</emphasis>
|
||
(~18 µm) and
|
||
<emphasis id="30CAEA9FFFE0C542FACCFBCFFAD28EEC" box="[1312,1332,1142,1165]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="94">m</emphasis>
|
||
(~23 µm) long, robust and smooth. Mentum regular, seta
|
||
<emphasis id="30CAEA9FFFE0C542FACBFB2FFAD28ECF" box="[1319,1332,1174,1198]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="94">h</emphasis>
|
||
setiform, robust (~30 µm). Labiogenal articulation complete. Chelicera chelate, mobile digit darker sclerotized; distinct strong interlocking teeth. Träghårds organ slender blunt lamella, slightly upward orientated. Seta
|
||
<emphasis id="30CAEA9FFFE0C542FB95FAA1FB7A8F51" box="[1145,1180,1304,1328]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="94">cha</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis id="30CAEA9FFFE0C542FB22FAA1FB168F51" box="[1230,1264,1304,1328]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="94">chb</emphasis>
|
||
robust and finely barbed, similar in length (~46 µm).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="0201368DFFE0C542FCA2FAE3FC428CF7" blockId="1.[820,1432,198,2077]" pageId="1" pageNumber="94">
|
||
<emphasis id="30CAEA9FFFE0C542FCA2FAE3FBEC8F10" box="[846,1034,1370,1393]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="94">Gastronotic region</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="9A852A08FFE0C542FBF1FAE0FB928F10" box="[1053,1140,1369,1393]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="2.[156,187,1070,1092]" captionTargetBox="[189,1399,206,1030]" captionTargetId="figure-559@2.[188,1400,205,1031]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig. 1. Ameronothrus twitter Pfingstl and Shimano, sp. nov., adult female. A, Dorsal view, legs omitted; B, ventral view, mouthparts and legs distal segments omitted.Scale bar valid for both depictions." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5736885" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5736885/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="94">Figs 1A</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="9A852A08FFE0C542FB68FAE0FB438F10" box="[1156,1189,1369,1393]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="3.[156,187,1745,1767]" captionTargetBox="[213,1376,222,1669]" captionTargetId="figure-159@3.[187,1400,205,1706]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Fig. 2. Ameronothrus twitter Pfingstl and Shimano, sp. nov., stereomicroscopic photographs of adult female. A, Dorsal view; B, ventral view; C, lateral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5736887" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5736887/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="94">2A</figureCitation>
|
||
). Oval in dorsal view, convex in lateral view; no distinct border between anterior median notogastral and prodorsal region. Ascleritic incision
|
||
<emphasis id="30CAEA9FFFE0C542FCD8FA05FCBF8FB2" box="[820,857,1468,1491]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="94">pgn</emphasis>
|
||
visible along lateral humeral area. Fifteen pairs of short, thickened notogastral setae (17–23 µm),
|
||
<emphasis id="30CAEA9FFFE0C542FB39FA65FB118F94" box="[1237,1271,1500,1525]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="94">
|
||
c
|
||
<subScript id="9E3A34C8FFE0C542FB33FA5EFB118F94" attach="left" box="[1247,1271,1511,1525]" fontSize="6" pageId="1" pageNumber="94">1–3</subScript>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="30CAEA9FFFE0C542FAE8FA65FAFB8F95" box="[1284,1309,1500,1524]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="94">da</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="30CAEA9FFFE0C542FAC7FA65FAAD8F95" box="[1323,1355,1500,1524]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="94">dm</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="30CAEA9FFFE0C542FAB5FA65FA948F95" box="[1369,1394,1500,1524]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="94">dp</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="30CAEA9FFFE0C542FA93FA65FA748F95" box="[1407,1426,1500,1524]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="94">la</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="30CAEA9FFFE0C542FCD8FA45FCA88C75" box="[820,846,1532,1556]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="94">lm</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="30CAEA9FFFE0C542FCB6FA45FC8A8C75" box="[858,876,1532,1556]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="94">lp</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="30CAEA9FFFE0C542FC95FA45FC788C74" box="[889,926,1532,1558]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="94">
|
||
h
|
||
<subScript id="9E3A34C8FFE0C542FC6AF9BEFC788C74" attach="left" box="[902,926,1543,1558]" fontSize="6" pageId="1" pageNumber="94">1–3</subScript>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="30CAEA9FFFE0C542FC46FA44FC298C74" box="[938,975,1533,1558]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="94">
|
||
p
|
||
<subScript id="9E3A34C8FFE0C542FC5AF9BEFC298C74" attach="left" box="[950,975,1543,1558]" fontSize="6" pageId="1" pageNumber="94">1–3</subScript>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
. Notogastral lyrifissures difficult to trace due to rough cuticular surface;
|
||
<emphasis id="30CAEA9FFFE0C542FBA7F9A4FBB88C55" box="[1099,1118,1565,1588]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="94">ia</emphasis>
|
||
between seta
|
||
<emphasis id="30CAEA9FFFE0C542FB1CF9A7FAE78C57" box="[1264,1281,1566,1590]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="94">
|
||
c
|
||
<subScript id="9E3A34C8FFE0C542FB15F991FAE78C57" attach="left" box="[1273,1281,1576,1590]" fontSize="6" pageId="1" pageNumber="94">2</subScript>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis id="30CAEA9FFFE0C542FADAF9A7FAAE8C57" box="[1334,1352,1566,1590]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="94">
|
||
c
|
||
<subScript id="9E3A34C8FFE0C542FAACF991FAAE8C57" attach="left" box="[1344,1352,1576,1590]" fontSize="6" pageId="1" pageNumber="94">3</subScript>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
;
|
||
<emphasis id="30CAEA9FFFE0C542FAB9F9A4FA968C55" box="[1365,1392,1565,1588]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="94">im</emphasis>
|
||
between seta
|
||
<emphasis id="30CAEA9FFFE0C542FC45F984FC258C34" box="[937,963,1597,1621]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="94">lm</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis id="30CAEA9FFFE0C542FC16F984FBEA8C34" box="[1018,1036,1597,1621]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="94">lp</emphasis>
|
||
; others could not be detected. Orifice of opisthonotal gland (
|
||
<emphasis id="30CAEA9FFFE0C542FBF0F9E7FBDF8C17" box="[1052,1081,1630,1654]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="94">gla</emphasis>
|
||
) not traceable due to strong ornamentation.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="0201368DFFE0C542FCA2F926FBA98C99" blockId="1.[820,1432,198,2077]" pageId="1" pageNumber="94">
|
||
<emphasis id="30CAEA9FFFE0C542FCA2F926FC318CD6" box="[846,983,1695,1719]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="94">Lateral aspect</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="9A852A08FFE0C542FC0AF926FBD38CD6" box="[998,1077,1695,1719]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="3.[156,187,1745,1767]" captionTargetBox="[213,1376,222,1669]" captionTargetId="figure-159@3.[187,1400,205,1706]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Fig. 2. Ameronothrus twitter Pfingstl and Shimano, sp. nov., stereomicroscopic photographs of adult female. A, Dorsal view; B, ventral view; C, lateral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5736887" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5736887/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="94">Fig. 2C</figureCitation>
|
||
). Pedotectum I and II absent. Discidium
|
||
<emphasis id="30CAEA9FFFE0C542FC64F906FC428CB6" box="[904,932,1727,1751]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="94">dis</emphasis>
|
||
between acetabulum III and IV, developed as conspicuous rounded ridge.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="0201368DFFE0C541FCA2F8B9FE3A8F30" blockId="1.[820,1432,198,2077]" lastBlockId="2.[156,768,1174,2077]" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="95" pageId="1" pageNumber="94">
|
||
<emphasis id="30CAEA9FFFE0C542FCA2F8B9FBD68D79" box="[846,1072,1792,1816]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="94">Podosoma and venter</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="9A852A08FFE0C542FBA8F8B9FB7E8D78" box="[1092,1176,1792,1817]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="2.[156,187,1070,1092]" captionTargetBox="[189,1399,206,1030]" captionTargetId="figure-559@2.[188,1400,205,1031]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig. 1. Ameronothrus twitter Pfingstl and Shimano, sp. nov., adult female. A, Dorsal view, legs omitted; B, ventral view, mouthparts and legs distal segments omitted.Scale bar valid for both depictions." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5736885" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5736885/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="94">Figs 1B</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="9A852A08FFE0C542FB45F8B8FB218D78" box="[1193,1223,1793,1817]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="3.[156,187,1745,1767]" captionTargetBox="[213,1376,222,1669]" captionTargetId="figure-159@3.[187,1400,205,1706]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Fig. 2. Ameronothrus twitter Pfingstl and Shimano, sp. nov., stereomicroscopic photographs of adult female. A, Dorsal view; B, ventral view; C, lateral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5736887" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5736887/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="94">2B</figureCitation>
|
||
). Epimeral setation 3-1-2-2, all setae setiform and smooth, seta
|
||
<emphasis id="30CAEA9FFFE0C542FAFDF898FACC8D58" box="[1297,1322,1825,1849]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="94">1b</emphasis>
|
||
conspicuously longer (40–45µm) than others (20–25µm). Genital orifice large, rectangular with rounded corners, anteriorly broader. Six pairs of genital setae (25–30 µm) arranged in longitudinal rows along inner edge of plates, whereas fifth pair slightly laterally displaced. One pair of short, setiform aggenital setae
|
||
<emphasis id="30CAEA9FFFE0C542FC23F85CFC008D9D" box="[975,998,2021,2044]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="94">ag</emphasis>
|
||
. Strongly curved obvious transversal ridge between genital and anal opening. Anal valves subtriangular, but strongly rounded. Two pairs of smooth anal setae,
|
||
<emphasis id="30CAEA9FFFE3C541FF70FB01FF288EB1" box="[156,206,1208,1232]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="95">
|
||
an
|
||
<subScript id="9E3A34C8FFE3C541FF59FB7BFF288EB1" attach="left" box="[181,206,1218,1232]" fontSize="6" pageId="2" pageNumber="95">1–2</subScript>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(~30 µm); conspicuous oblique slightly curved ridge present posterior to seta
|
||
<emphasis id="30CAEA9FFFE3C541FE48FB61FE238E90" box="[420,453,1240,1265]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="95">
|
||
an
|
||
<subScript id="9E3A34C8FFE3C541FE51FB5AFE238E90" attach="left" box="[445,453,1251,1265]" fontSize="6" pageId="2" pageNumber="95">1</subScript>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
. Three pairs of spiniform adanal setae,
|
||
<emphasis id="30CAEA9FFFE3C541FEE7FB41FEDA8F70" box="[267,316,1272,1297]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="95">
|
||
ad
|
||
<subScript id="9E3A34C8FFE3C541FEC8FABAFEDA8F70" attach="left" box="[292,316,1283,1297]" fontSize="6" pageId="2" pageNumber="95">1–3</subScript>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(25–30 µm), first two pairs inserted laterally and third pair posterior of anal orifice. Lyrifissure
|
||
<emphasis id="30CAEA9FFFE3C541FD70FAA1FD5A8F51" box="[668,700,1304,1328]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="95">iad</emphasis>
|
||
flanking anterior third of anal plates.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="56C16605FFE3C541FF70FB97FD518E01" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5736885" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5736885" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5736885/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="95" startId="2.[156,187,1070,1092]" targetBox="[189,1399,206,1030]" targetPageId="2">
|
||
<paragraph id="0201368DFFE3C541FF70FB97FD518E01" blockId="2.[156,1431,1070,1120]" pageId="2" pageNumber="95">
|
||
Fig. 1.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C5BE4D0EFFE3C541FF1CFB97FD9F8E25" authority="Pfingstl and Shimano" authorityName="Pfingstl and Shimano" authorityYear="2021" box="[240,633,1070,1092]" class="Arachnida" family="Ameronothridae" genus="Ameronothrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sarcoptiformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="95" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="twitter" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="30CAEA9FFFE3C541FF1CFB97FE568E25" box="[240,432,1070,1092]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="95">Ameronothrus twitter</emphasis>
|
||
Pfingstl and Shimano
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="2BF957E4FFE3C541FD6DFB96FD2E8E25" box="[641,712,1071,1092]" pageId="2" pageNumber="95" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
, adult female. A, Dorsal view, legs omitted; B, ventral view, mouthparts and legs distal segments omitted. Scale bar valid for both depictions.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="0201368DFFE3C541FF59FAE3FD838D78" blockId="2.[156,768,1174,2077]" pageId="2" pageNumber="95">
|
||
<emphasis id="30CAEA9FFFE3C541FF59FAE3FF068F10" box="[181,224,1370,1393]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="95">Legs</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="9A852A08FFE3C541FF19FAE3FEDF8F13" box="[245,313,1370,1394]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="4.[156,187,1709,1731]" captionTargetBox="[188,1398,206,1670]" captionTargetId="figure-179@4.[187,1399,205,1671]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Fig. 3. Ameronothrus twitter Pfingstl and Shimano, sp. nov., adult legs. A, Right leg I dorsal view; B, left leg II dorso-lateral view of antiaxial aspect; C, left leg III antiaxial view; D, left leg IV antiaxial view. Scale bar valid for all legs." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5736889" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5736889/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="95">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
). Ambulacrum tridactylous, median claw broad and strong, lateral claws weaker developed and dorsally slightly dentate. Extensive brachytracheae with slit-like stigmata on dorsal paraxial face of all femora and tracheal sacculi ventrally on all tibiae and dorsally on trochanter III and IV. Dorsal companion setae
|
||
<emphasis id="30CAEA9FFFE3C541FE1EFA45FE198C75" box="[498,511,1532,1556]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="95">d</emphasis>
|
||
associated with solenidia on genu I, II, III and all tibiae present. Primilateral setae of tarsus I present. Tectal (
|
||
<emphasis id="30CAEA9FFFE3C541FE5DF987FE248C34" box="[433,450,1598,1621]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="95">tc</emphasis>
|
||
) and iteral (
|
||
<emphasis id="30CAEA9FFFE3C541FDA9F987FDB58C34" box="[581,595,1598,1621]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="95">it</emphasis>
|
||
) setae as well as most other terminal tarsal setae with spoon-shaped or nodular tips (these are sometimes difficult to observe). Famulus
|
||
<emphasis id="30CAEA9FFFE3C541FF70F919FF408CD6" box="[156,166,1696,1719]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="95">ε</emphasis>
|
||
on tarsus I rod-like, blunt and next to solenidion
|
||
<emphasis id="30CAEA9FFFE3C541FD5FF919FD2D8CD9" box="[691,715,1696,1720]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="95">
|
||
ω
|
||
<subScript id="9E3A34C8FFE3C541FD2FF913FD2D8CD9" attach="left" box="[707,715,1706,1720]" fontSize="6" pageId="2" pageNumber="95">1</subScript>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
, solenidion
|
||
<emphasis id="30CAEA9FFFE3C541FF1CF979FEEE8CB8" box="[240,264,1728,1753]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="95">
|
||
ω
|
||
<subScript id="9E3A34C8FFE3C541FEECF972FEEE8CB8" attach="left" box="[256,264,1739,1753]" fontSize="6" pageId="2" pageNumber="95">2</subScript>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
shorter. Solenidia
|
||
<emphasis id="30CAEA9FFFE3C541FE28F979FE3A8CB8" box="[452,476,1728,1753]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="95">
|
||
ω
|
||
<subScript id="9E3A34C8FFE3C541FE38F972FE3A8CB8" attach="left" box="[468,476,1739,1753]" fontSize="6" pageId="2" pageNumber="95">1</subScript>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis id="30CAEA9FFFE3C541FDE2F979FDF88CB6" box="[526,542,1728,1751]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="95">ω</emphasis>
|
||
<subScript id="9E3A34C8FFE3C541FDF2F972FDC08CB8" attach="left" box="[542,550,1739,1753]" fontSize="6" pageId="2" pageNumber="95">2</subScript>
|
||
on tarsus II adjacent. Formula of leg setation: I (0-4-3-5-18) (1-2-2); II (0-4-3-5- 15) (1-1-2); III (2-3-2-4-15); IV (1-2-2-4-14).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="4AA46506FFE3C546FF59F898FB118DBD" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="98" pageId="2" pageNumber="95" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="0201368DFFE3C541FF59F898FC758D58" blockId="2.[156,768,1174,2077]" lastBlockId="2.[820,1433,1174,2077]" pageId="2" pageNumber="95">
|
||
<emphasis id="30CAEA9FFFE3C541FF59F898FEFF8D58" bold="true" box="[181,281,1825,1849]" pageId="2" pageNumber="95">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C5BE4D0EFFE3C541FECEF898FE1A8D58" authority="Pfingstl & Hiruta & Nemoto & Hagino & Shimano, 2021" authorityName="Pfingstl & Hiruta & Nemoto & Hagino & Shimano" authorityYear="2021" box="[290,508,1825,1849]" class="Arachnida" family="Ameronothridae" genus="Ameronothrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sarcoptiformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="95" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="twitter" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="30CAEA9FFFE3C541FECEF898FE1A8D58" box="[290,508,1825,1849]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="95">Ameronothrus twitter</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="2BF957E4FFE3C541FDEAF89BFDB38D58" box="[518,597,1826,1849]" pageId="2" pageNumber="95" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
shows a unique cuticular structure, which allows to easily distinguish it from several other members of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C5BE4D0EFFE3C541FE0DF8DBFD968D1B" authorityName="Berlese" authorityYear="1896" box="[481,624,1890,1914]" class="Arachnida" family="Ameronothridae" genus="Ameronothrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sarcoptiformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="95" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="30CAEA9FFFE3C541FE0DF8DBFD968D1B" box="[481,624,1890,1914]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="95">Ameronothrus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Two Russian species,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C5BE4D0EFFE3C541FF1CF83AFEBA8DFA" authorityName="Sitnikova" authorityYear="1975" box="[240,348,1923,1947]" class="Arachnida" family="Ameronothridae" genus="Ameronothrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sarcoptiformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="95" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nidicola">
|
||
<emphasis id="30CAEA9FFFE3C541FF1CF83AFEBA8DFA" box="[240,348,1923,1947]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="95">A. nidicola</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C5BE4D0EFFE3C541FE7CF83AFDE08DFA" authorityName="Sitnikova" authorityYear="1975" box="[400,518,1923,1947]" class="Arachnida" family="Ameronothridae" genus="Ameronothrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sarcoptiformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="95" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="oblongus">
|
||
<emphasis id="30CAEA9FFFE3C541FE7CF83AFDE08DFA" box="[400,518,1923,1947]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="95">A. oblongus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
show strongly reticulate cuticular notogastral patterns (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="662F4B7CFFE3C541FE34F81AFD938DDA" author="Sitnikova, L. G." box="[472,629,1955,1979]" pageId="2" pageNumber="95" pagination="161 - 168" refId="ref4514" refString="Sitnikova, L. G. 1977. New species of oribatid mites of the families Ameronothridae and Hermanniidae (Oribatei) of the fauna of Soviet Union. Parasitologicheskii Sbornik Leningrad 27: 161 - 168. [In Russian]" type="journal article" year="1977">Sitnikova 1977</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), and though
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C5BE4D0EFFE3C541FF70F87DFF108DBD" authorityName="Pfingstl and Shimano" authorityYear="2019" box="[156,246,1988,2012]" class="Arachnida" family="Ameronothridae" genus="Ameronothrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sarcoptiformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="95" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="yoichi">
|
||
<emphasis id="30CAEA9FFFE3C541FF70F87DFF108DBD" box="[156,246,1988,2012]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="95">A. yoichi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
also shows a nodular notogastral cuticle, it lacks the conspicuous ridges in the anterior and posterior areas of notogaster as shown in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C5BE4D0EFFE3C541FE43F7BCFDF6827D" authority="Pfingstl & Hiruta & Nemoto & Hagino & Shimano, 2021" authorityName="Pfingstl & Hiruta & Nemoto & Hagino & Shimano" authorityYear="2021" box="[431,528,2053,2076]" class="Arachnida" family="Ameronothridae" genus="Ameronothrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sarcoptiformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="95" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="twitter" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="30CAEA9FFFE3C541FE43F7BCFDF6827D" box="[431,528,2053,2076]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="95">A. twitter</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="2BF957E4FFE3C541FDF5F7BCFD8E827D" box="[537,616,2053,2076]" pageId="2" pageNumber="95" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
The European and North American species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C5BE4D0EFFE3C541FB7FFB2FFAC48ECF" authorityName="Berlese" authorityYear="1896" box="[1171,1314,1174,1198]" class="Arachnida" family="Ameronothridae" genus="Ameronothrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sarcoptiformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="95" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="30CAEA9FFFE3C541FB7FFB2FFAC48ECF" box="[1171,1314,1174,1198]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="95">Ameronothrus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
were classified into four groups based on morphological characters (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="662F4B7CFFE3C541FCD7FB6EFC3D8E8E" author="Schubart, H." box="[827,987,1239,1263]" pageId="2" pageNumber="95" pagination="23 - 91" refId="ref4251" refString="Schubart, H. 1975. Morphologische Grundlagen fur die Klarung der Verwandtschaftsbeziehungen innerhalb der Milbenfamilie Ameronothridae (Acari, Oribatei). Zoologica 123: 23 - 91." type="journal article" year="1975">Schubart 1975</bibRefCitation>
|
||
): (1) the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C5BE4D0EFFE3C541FBA1FB6EFC888F71" authority="(Banks, 1896)" baseAuthorityName="Banks" baseAuthorityYear="1896" class="Arachnida" family="Ameronothridae" genus="Ameronothrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sarcoptiformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="95" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="marinus">
|
||
<emphasis id="30CAEA9FFFE3C541FBA1FB6EFADB8E8E" box="[1101,1341,1239,1263]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="95">Ameronothrus marinus</emphasis>
|
||
(Banks, 1896)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
group, including
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C5BE4D0EFFE3C541FBDAFB41FA898F71" authority="(Micheal, 1888)" baseAuthorityName="Micheal" baseAuthorityYear="1888" box="[1078,1391,1272,1296]" class="Arachnida" family="Ameronothridae" genus="Ameronothrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sarcoptiformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="95" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bilineatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="30CAEA9FFFE3C541FBDAFB41FB5C8F71" box="[1078,1210,1272,1296]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="95">A. bilineatus</emphasis>
|
||
(Micheal, 1888)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C5BE4D0EFFE3C541FA6DFB41FBD48F50" authority="Schubart, 1970" authorityName="Schubart" authorityYear="1970" class="Arachnida" family="Ameronothridae" genus="Ameronothrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sarcoptiformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="95" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="schusteri">
|
||
<emphasis id="30CAEA9FFFE3C541FA6DFB41FC6D8F51" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="95">A. schusteri</emphasis>
|
||
Schubart, 1970
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C5BE4D0EFFE3C541FB82FAA0FC258F30" authority="Weigmann and Schulte, 1975" authorityName="Weigmann and Schulte" authorityYear="1975" class="Arachnida" family="Ameronothridae" genus="Ameronothrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sarcoptiformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="95" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="schubarti">
|
||
<emphasis id="30CAEA9FFFE3C541FB82FAA0FB0A8F51" box="[1134,1260,1304,1328]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="95">A. schubarti</emphasis>
|
||
Weigmann and Schulte, 1975
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, (2) the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C5BE4D0EFFE3C541FBC5FA80FC888F13" authority="(Michael, 1882)" baseAuthorityName="Michael" baseAuthorityYear="1882" class="Arachnida" family="Ameronothridae" genus="Ameronothrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sarcoptiformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="95" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maculatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="30CAEA9FFFE3C541FBC5FA80FACA8F30" box="[1065,1324,1337,1361]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="95">Ameronothrus maculatus</emphasis>
|
||
(Michael, 1882)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
group including
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C5BE4D0EFFE3C541FBCEFAE3FA8B8F13" authority="(Oudemans, 1903)" baseAuthorityName="Oudemans" baseAuthorityYear="1903" box="[1058,1389,1369,1394]" class="Arachnida" family="Ameronothridae" genus="Ameronothrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sarcoptiformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="95" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="schneideri">
|
||
<emphasis id="30CAEA9FFFE3C541FBCEFAE3FB438F10" box="[1058,1189,1369,1393]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="95">A. schneideri</emphasis>
|
||
(Oudemans, 1903)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, (3) the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C5BE4D0EFFE3C541FCB2FAC3FB018FF3" authority="(Thorell, 1871)" baseAuthorityName="Thorell" baseAuthorityYear="1871" box="[862,1255,1402,1426]" class="Arachnida" family="Ameronothridae" genus="Ameronothrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sarcoptiformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="95" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lineatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="30CAEA9FFFE3C541FCB2FAC3FBA28FF3" box="[862,1092,1402,1426]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="95">Ameronothrus lineatus</emphasis>
|
||
(Thorell, 1871)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
group including
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C5BE4D0EFFE3C541FCD9FA22FB6D8FD2" authority="(L. Koch, 1879)" baseAuthorityName="L. Koch" baseAuthorityYear="1879" box="[821,1163,1434,1459]" class="Arachnida" family="Ameronothridae" genus="Ameronothrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sarcoptiformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="95" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigrofemoratus">
|
||
<emphasis id="30CAEA9FFFE3C541FCD9FA22FC018FD2" box="[821,999,1435,1459]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="95">A. nigrofemoratus</emphasis>
|
||
(L. Koch, 1879)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and (4) the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C5BE4D0EFFE3C541FAE4FA23FBD88FB2" authority="Dalenius, 1963" authorityName="Dalenius" authorityYear="1963" class="Arachnida" family="Ameronothridae" genus="Ameronothrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sarcoptiformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="95" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lapponicus">
|
||
<emphasis id="30CAEA9FFFE3C541FAE4FA23FC798FB2" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="95">Ameronothrus lapponicus</emphasis>
|
||
Dalenius, 1963
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
group containing only this single species.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C5BE4D0EFFE3C541FC67FA65FB838F92" authority="Pfingstl & Hiruta & Nemoto & Hagino & Shimano, 2021" authorityName="Pfingstl & Hiruta & Nemoto & Hagino & Shimano" authorityYear="2021" box="[907,1125,1500,1524]" class="Arachnida" family="Ameronothridae" genus="Ameronothrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sarcoptiformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="95" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="twitter" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="30CAEA9FFFE3C541FC67FA65FB838F92" box="[907,1125,1500,1524]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="95">Ameronothrus twitter</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="2BF957E4FFE3C541FB82FA65FB588F92" box="[1134,1214,1500,1523]" pageId="2" pageNumber="95" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
can be easily distinguished from members of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C5BE4D0EFFE3C541FB86FA45FB3C8C75" baseAuthorityName="Banks" baseAuthorityYear="1896" box="[1130,1242,1532,1556]" class="Arachnida" family="Ameronothridae" genus="Ameronothrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sarcoptiformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="95" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="marinus">
|
||
<emphasis id="30CAEA9FFFE3C541FB86FA45FB3C8C75" box="[1130,1242,1532,1556]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="95">A. marinus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
group by showing tarsal setae (
|
||
<emphasis id="30CAEA9FFFE3C541FC5AF9A4FC218C55" box="[950,967,1565,1588]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="95">tc</emphasis>
|
||
) and (
|
||
<emphasis id="30CAEA9FFFE3C541FBE2F9A4FBFA8C55" box="[1038,1052,1565,1588]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="95">it</emphasis>
|
||
) with nodules instead of hooks, and by adjacent solenidia
|
||
<emphasis id="30CAEA9FFFE3C541FBE2F987FBC08C37" box="[1038,1062,1598,1622]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="95">
|
||
ω
|
||
<subScript id="9E3A34C8FFE3C541FBF2F9F1FBC08C37" attach="left" box="[1054,1062,1608,1622]" fontSize="6" pageId="2" pageNumber="95">1</subScript>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis id="30CAEA9FFFE3C541FBBBF987FB968C37" box="[1111,1136,1598,1622]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="95">
|
||
ω
|
||
<subScript id="9E3A34C8FFE3C541FB84F9F1FB968C37" attach="left" box="[1128,1136,1608,1622]" fontSize="6" pageId="2" pageNumber="95">2</subScript>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
on tarsus II (these are clearly separated in the group). The primilateral setae (
|
||
<emphasis id="30CAEA9FFFE3C541FAF5F9E7FACD8C17" box="[1305,1323,1630,1654]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="95">pl</emphasis>
|
||
) on tarsus I are lacking in the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C5BE4D0EFFE3C541FBE9F9C6FB6A8CF7" baseAuthorityName="Michael" baseAuthorityYear="1882" box="[1029,1164,1662,1686]" class="Arachnida" family="Ameronothridae" genus="Ameronothrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sarcoptiformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="95" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maculatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="30CAEA9FFFE3C541FBE9F9C6FB6A8CF7" box="[1029,1164,1662,1686]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="95">A. maculatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
group, but are present in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C5BE4D0EFFE3C541FCD8F926FC708CD6" authority="Pfingstl & Hiruta & Nemoto & Hagino & Shimano, 2021" authorityName="Pfingstl & Hiruta & Nemoto & Hagino & Shimano" authorityYear="2021" box="[820,918,1695,1719]" class="Arachnida" family="Ameronothridae" genus="Ameronothrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sarcoptiformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="95" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="twitter" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="30CAEA9FFFE3C541FCD8F926FC708CD6" box="[820,918,1695,1719]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="95">A. twitter</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="2BF957E4FFE3C541FC72F926FC0B8CD7" box="[926,1005,1695,1718]" pageId="2" pageNumber="95" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
In the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C5BE4D0EFFE3C541FBD7F926FB418CD6" baseAuthorityName="Thorell" baseAuthorityYear="1871" box="[1083,1191,1695,1719]" class="Arachnida" family="Ameronothridae" genus="Ameronothrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sarcoptiformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="95" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lineatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="30CAEA9FFFE3C541FBD7F926FB418CD6" box="[1083,1191,1695,1719]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="95">A. lineatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
group the dorsal companion setae on all tibiae are lost whereas these are clearly present in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C5BE4D0EFFE3C541FC49F959FBE08C99" authority="Pfingstl & Hiruta & Nemoto & Hagino & Shimano, 2021" authorityName="Pfingstl & Hiruta & Nemoto & Hagino & Shimano" authorityYear="2021" box="[933,1030,1760,1784]" class="Arachnida" family="Ameronothridae" genus="Ameronothrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sarcoptiformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="95" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="twitter" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="30CAEA9FFFE3C541FC49F959FBE08C99" box="[933,1030,1760,1784]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="95">A. twitter</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="2BF957E4FFE3C541FBE3F959FB868C96" box="[1039,1120,1760,1783]" pageId="2" pageNumber="95" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
, and finally
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C5BE4D0EFFE3C541FB0EF959FA8D8C99" authorityName="Dalenius" authorityYear="1963" box="[1250,1387,1760,1784]" class="Arachnida" family="Ameronothridae" genus="Ameronothrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sarcoptiformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="95" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lapponicus">
|
||
<emphasis id="30CAEA9FFFE3C541FB0EF959FA8D8C99" box="[1250,1387,1760,1784]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="95">A. lapponicus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
can be distinguished from the latter by its differently shaped pedipalp.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="0201368DFFE3C540FCA2F8F8FBA18D5B" blockId="2.[820,1433,1174,2077]" lastBlockId="3.[820,1432,1825,2077]" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="96" pageId="2" pageNumber="95">
|
||
Considering the geographic proximity of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C5BE4D0EFFE3C541FAE0F8FBFA968D38" authority="Pfingstl & Hiruta & Nemoto & Hagino & Shimano, 2021" authorityName="Pfingstl & Hiruta & Nemoto & Hagino & Shimano" authorityYear="2021" box="[1292,1392,1858,1881]" class="Arachnida" family="Ameronothridae" genus="Ameronothrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sarcoptiformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="95" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="twitter" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="30CAEA9FFFE3C541FAE0F8FBFA968D38" box="[1292,1392,1858,1881]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="95">A. twitter</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="2BF957E4FFE3C541FA90F8FBFC868D1B" pageId="2" pageNumber="95" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C5BE4D0EFFE3C541FC7EF8DBFC0F8D1B" authorityName="Pfingstl and Shimano" authorityYear="2019" box="[914,1001,1890,1914]" class="Arachnida" family="Ameronothridae" genus="Ameronothrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sarcoptiformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="95" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="yoichi">
|
||
<emphasis id="30CAEA9FFFE3C541FC7EF8DBFC0F8D1B" box="[914,1001,1890,1914]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="95">A. yoichi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, a close relationship of both Japanese species could be the case, but apart from cuticular similarities in the prodorsal and notogastral regions there are several striking differences, such as the reduction of dorsal companion setae, the loss of tarsal primilateral setae and the postanal position of all adanal setae in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C5BE4D0EFFE3C541FB4AF7BCFAE6827C" authorityName="Pfingstl and Shimano" authorityYear="2019" box="[1190,1280,2053,2077]" class="Arachnida" family="Ameronothridae" genus="Ameronothrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sarcoptiformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="95" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="yoichi">
|
||
<emphasis id="30CAEA9FFFE3C541FB4AF7BCFAE6827C" box="[1190,1280,2053,2077]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="95">A. yoichi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, contradicting such a relationship. However,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="662F4B7CFFE2C540FE34F898FD4A8D58" author="Pfingstl, T. & Hiruta, S. F. & Wagner, M. & Hagino, W. & Shimano, S." box="[472,684,1825,1849]" pageId="3" pageNumber="96" pagination="315 - 327" refId="ref4113" refString="Pfingstl, T., Hiruta, S. F., Wagner, M., Hagino, W., and Shimano, S. 2019. First records of the family Ameronothridae (Acari: Oribatida) from Japan - new species, juvenile morphology, ecology and biogeographic remarks. International Journal of Acarology 45: 315 - 327." type="journal article" year="2019">Pfingstl et al. (2019)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
already stated that a clear assessment of phylogenetic relationships within
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C5BE4D0EFFE2C540FF0BF8DBFE908D1B" authorityName="Berlese" authorityYear="1896" box="[231,374,1890,1914]" class="Arachnida" family="Ameronothridae" genus="Ameronothrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sarcoptiformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="96" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="30CAEA9FFFE2C540FF0BF8DBFE908D1B" box="[231,374,1890,1914]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="96">Ameronothrus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is not feasible yet due to incomplete descriptions of the Russian species and lacking molecular genetic data for nearly all taxa. A revision of the genus including morphological and molecular genetic data from all species could reveal natural relationships and provide important insights into the evolutionary history of this marine associated Holarctic group.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="56C16605FFE2C540FF70F968FEB08D62" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5736887" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5736887" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5736887/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="96" startId="3.[156,187,1745,1767]" targetBox="[213,1376,222,1669]" targetPageId="3">
|
||
<paragraph id="0201368DFFE2C540FF70F968FEB08D62" blockId="3.[156,1383,1745,1795]" pageId="3" pageNumber="96">
|
||
Fig. 2.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C5BE4D0EFFE2C540FF1CF968FD9E8C86" authority="Pfingstl and Shimano" authorityName="Pfingstl and Shimano" authorityYear="2021" box="[240,632,1745,1767]" class="Arachnida" family="Ameronothridae" genus="Ameronothrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sarcoptiformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="96" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="twitter" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="30CAEA9FFFE2C540FF1CF968FE568C87" box="[240,432,1745,1766]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="96">Ameronothrus twitter</emphasis>
|
||
Pfingstl and Shimano
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="2BF957E4FFE2C540FD6DF968FD218C87" box="[641,711,1745,1766]" pageId="3" pageNumber="96" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
, stereomicroscopic photographs of adult female. A, Dorsal view; B, ventral view; C, lateral view.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="0201368DFFE2C547FCA2F8FBFBA18DDA" blockId="3.[820,1432,1825,2077]" lastBlockId="4.[820,1432,1792,2077]" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="97" pageId="3" pageNumber="96">
|
||
From an ecological point of view, we do not know much about this species, but aggregating individuals (a colony:
|
||
<figureCitation id="9A852A08FFE2C540FCD8F83AFC668DFA" box="[820,896,1923,1947]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="5.[156,187,1444,1466]" captionTargetBox="[188,1399,206,1405]" captionTargetId="figure-232@5.[187,1400,205,1406]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig. 4. Ameronothrus twitter Pfingstl and Shimano, sp. nov., collecting place and macro photography images (A and B taken by SS; C, D and E original photographs shared on Twitter by TN). A, Collecting place on the wharf of the fishing port (Choshi-Gaikou), Chiba, Japan, arrow pointing to exact location of mites; B, location of a colony in a crack between a car chock and the wharf, arrow pointing to the exact location of the colony; C, a colony of A. twitter Pfingstl and Shimano, sp. nov. in the colder day (11:23am), 5 May 2019 (https://twitter.com/ yatsume_project/status/1124999187626483717?s=20); D (https://twitter.com/yatsume_project/status/1123890470285918209?s=20) and E, moving individuals of A. twitter Pfingstl and Shimano, sp. nov. in the warmer day (11:57am), 2 May 2019." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5736891" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5736891/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="96">Fig. 4C</figureCitation>
|
||
) of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C5BE4D0EFFE2C540FC47F83AFBEA8DFB" authority="Pfingstl & Hiruta & Nemoto & Hagino & Shimano, 2021" authorityName="Pfingstl & Hiruta & Nemoto & Hagino & Shimano" authorityYear="2021" box="[939,1036,1923,1946]" class="Arachnida" family="Ameronothridae" genus="Ameronothrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sarcoptiformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="96" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="twitter" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="30CAEA9FFFE2C540FC47F83AFBEA8DFB" box="[939,1036,1923,1946]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="96">A. twitter</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="2BF957E4FFE2C540FBF8F83AFB848DFB" box="[1044,1122,1923,1946]" pageId="3" pageNumber="96" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
were observed in a crack of a wharf on the 5 May, 2019 which was a quite cool day at the fishing port (
|
||
<figureCitation id="9A852A08FFE2C540FC57F87DFBC18DBD" box="[955,1063,1988,2012]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="5.[156,187,1444,1466]" captionTargetBox="[188,1399,206,1405]" captionTargetId="figure-232@5.[187,1400,205,1406]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig. 4. Ameronothrus twitter Pfingstl and Shimano, sp. nov., collecting place and macro photography images (A and B taken by SS; C, D and E original photographs shared on Twitter by TN). A, Collecting place on the wharf of the fishing port (Choshi-Gaikou), Chiba, Japan, arrow pointing to exact location of mites; B, location of a colony in a crack between a car chock and the wharf, arrow pointing to the exact location of the colony; C, a colony of A. twitter Pfingstl and Shimano, sp. nov. in the colder day (11:23am), 5 May 2019 (https://twitter.com/ yatsume_project/status/1124999187626483717?s=20); D (https://twitter.com/yatsume_project/status/1123890470285918209?s=20) and E, moving individuals of A. twitter Pfingstl and Shimano, sp. nov. in the warmer day (11:57am), 2 May 2019." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5736891" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5736891/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="96">Fig. 4A, B</figureCitation>
|
||
). On an earlier visit, on 2 May they were observed leaving the crack during warmer daytime (
|
||
<figureCitation id="9A852A08FFE2C540FCD0F7BCFC4B827C" box="[828,941,2053,2077]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="5.[156,187,1444,1466]" captionTargetBox="[188,1399,206,1405]" captionTargetId="figure-232@5.[187,1400,205,1406]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig. 4. Ameronothrus twitter Pfingstl and Shimano, sp. nov., collecting place and macro photography images (A and B taken by SS; C, D and E original photographs shared on Twitter by TN). A, Collecting place on the wharf of the fishing port (Choshi-Gaikou), Chiba, Japan, arrow pointing to exact location of mites; B, location of a colony in a crack between a car chock and the wharf, arrow pointing to the exact location of the colony; C, a colony of A. twitter Pfingstl and Shimano, sp. nov. in the colder day (11:23am), 5 May 2019 (https://twitter.com/ yatsume_project/status/1124999187626483717?s=20); D (https://twitter.com/yatsume_project/status/1123890470285918209?s=20) and E, moving individuals of A. twitter Pfingstl and Shimano, sp. nov. in the warmer day (11:57am), 2 May 2019." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5736891" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5736891/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="96">Fig. 4D, E</figureCitation>
|
||
). However, from the 6 May temperatures rose considerably and no aggregating individuals were found on the following sampling day, on the 8 May.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="662F4B7CFFE5C547FDABF898FF388D3B" author="Aoki, J. & Ohkubo, N." pageId="4" pageNumber="97" pagination="115 - 120" refId="ref3849" refString="Aoki, J. and Ohkubo, N. 1974. A new species of the genus Phauloppia (Acari, Oribatulidae) collected from bead-tree. Annotationes Zoologicae Japonenses 47: 115 - 120." type="journal article" year="1974">Aoki and Ohkubo (1974)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
reported colonies of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C5BE4D0EFFE5C547FE20F8FBFECA8D1B" authority="Aoki and Ohkubo, 1974" authorityName="Aoki and Ohkubo" authorityYear="1974" class="Arachnida" family="Oribatulidae" genus="Phauloppia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sarcoptiformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="97" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="adjecta">
|
||
<emphasis id="30CAEA9FFFE5C547FE20F8FBFD768D3B" box="[460,656,1858,1882]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="97">Phauloppia adjecta</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="662F4B7CFFE5C547FD70F8FBFECA8D1B" author="Aoki, J. & Ohkubo, N." pageId="4" pageNumber="97" pagination="115 - 120" refId="ref3849" refString="Aoki, J. and Ohkubo, N. 1974. A new species of the genus Phauloppia (Acari, Oribatulidae) collected from bead-tree. Annotationes Zoologicae Japonenses 47: 115 - 120." type="journal article" year="1974">Aoki and Ohkubo, 1974</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
found under bark in winter time and referred to this behavior as winter time aggregation.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C5BE4D0EFFE5C547FD9CF83AFF388DDA" authority="Pfingstl & Hiruta & Nemoto & Hagino & Shimano, 2021" authorityName="Pfingstl & Hiruta & Nemoto & Hagino & Shimano" authorityYear="2021" class="Arachnida" family="Ameronothridae" genus="Ameronothrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sarcoptiformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="97" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="twitter" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="30CAEA9FFFE5C547FD9CF83AFF388DDA" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="97">Ameronothrus twitter</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="2BF957E4FFE5C547FF0AF81DFED28DDA" box="[230,308,1956,1979]" pageId="4" pageNumber="97" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
may also show aggregation behavior as protection against cold temperatures, but further observations are necessary. Presently, we only found this species on manmade concrete structures, but its original habitat may be coastal rocks. Several
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C5BE4D0EFFE5C547FBF2F8B9FB198D79" box="[1054,1279,1792,1816]" class="Arachnida" family="Ameronothridae" genus="Ameronothrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sarcoptiformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="97" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||
<emphasis id="30CAEA9FFFE5C547FBF2F8B9FB4B8D79" box="[1054,1197,1792,1816]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="97">Ameronothrus</emphasis>
|
||
species
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are known to live mainly in the sediment-free rock littoral (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="662F4B7CFFE5C547FAFDF898FC808D38" author="Schulte, G. & Schuster, R. & Schubart, H." pageId="4" pageNumber="97" pagination="359 - 385" refId="ref4370" refString="Schulte, G., Schuster, R., and Schubart, H. 1975. Zur Verbreitung und Okologie der Ameronothriden (Acari, Oribatei) in terrestrischen, limnischen und marinen Lebensraumen. Veroffentlichungen des Institutes fur Meeresforschung Bremerhaven 15: 359 - 385." type="journal article" year="1975">Schulte et al. 1975</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and the same may apply to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C5BE4D0EFFE5C547FB77F8FBFB1B8D38" authority="Pfingstl & Hiruta & Nemoto & Hagino & Shimano, 2021" authorityName="Pfingstl & Hiruta & Nemoto & Hagino & Shimano" authorityYear="2021" box="[1179,1277,1858,1881]" class="Arachnida" family="Ameronothridae" genus="Ameronothrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sarcoptiformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="97" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="twitter" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="30CAEA9FFFE5C547FB77F8FBFB1B8D38" box="[1179,1277,1858,1881]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="97">A. twitter</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="2BF957E4FFE5C547FAEAF8FBFAB38D38" box="[1286,1365,1858,1881]" pageId="4" pageNumber="97" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
Natural rocks and concrete structures are very similar substrates and lichen and algae are growing on both therefore, they are more or less equal habitats.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="56C16605FFE5C547FF70F914FC238CBE" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5736889" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5736889" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5736889/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="97" startId="4.[156,187,1709,1731]" targetBox="[188,1398,206,1670]" targetPageId="4">
|
||
<paragraph id="0201368DFFE5C547FF70F914FC238CBE" blockId="4.[156,1431,1709,1759]" pageId="4" pageNumber="97">
|
||
Fig. 3.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C5BE4D0EFFE5C547FF1CF914FD9F8CA2" authority="Pfingstl and Shimano" authorityName="Pfingstl and Shimano" authorityYear="2021" box="[240,633,1709,1731]" class="Arachnida" family="Ameronothridae" genus="Ameronothrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sarcoptiformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="97" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="twitter" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="30CAEA9FFFE5C547FF1CF914FE568CA2" box="[240,432,1709,1731]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="97">Ameronothrus twitter</emphasis>
|
||
Pfingstl and Shimano
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="2BF957E4FFE5C547FD6DF917FD218CA2" box="[641,711,1710,1731]" pageId="4" pageNumber="97" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
, adult legs. A, Right leg I dorsal view; B, left leg II dorso-lateral view of antiaxial aspect; C, left leg III antiaxial view; D, left leg IV antiaxial view. Scale bar valid for all legs.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="0201368DFFE5C546FCA2F87DFEDE8D1B" blockId="4.[820,1432,1792,2077]" lastBlockId="5.[156,767,1662,2077]" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="98" pageId="4" pageNumber="97">
|
||
The accidental discovery of this species with the help of social media is quite unique and represents a rather unusual case. TN, who is not a scientist, came to the wharf of the fishing port for fishing in his leisure time, but could not catch any fish at all. As one of his other hobbies is taking photographs of small arthropods, he randomly photographed some specimens that crossed his path this day and later uploaded it on twitter. SS checked the tweet with the photographs and video of oribatid mites and realized they probably belong to a new
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C5BE4D0EFFE4C546FE50F8F8FD788D38" box="[444,670,1857,1881]" class="Arachnida" family="Ameronothridae" genus="Ameronothrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sarcoptiformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="98" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||
<emphasis id="30CAEA9FFFE4C546FE50F8F8FDAD8D38" box="[444,587,1857,1881]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="98">Ameronothrus</emphasis>
|
||
species
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Supplements 1 and 2).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="56C16605FFE4C546FF70FA1DFBBE8C24" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5736891" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5736891" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5736891/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="98" startId="5.[156,187,1444,1466]" targetBox="[188,1399,206,1405]" targetPageId="5">
|
||
<paragraph id="0201368DFFE4C546FF70FA1DFBBE8C24" blockId="5.[156,1432,1444,1606]" pageId="5" pageNumber="98">
|
||
Fig. 4.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C5BE4D0EFFE4C546FF1CFA1DFD998FDB" authority="Pfingstl and Shimano" authorityName="Pfingstl and Shimano" authorityYear="2021" box="[240,639,1444,1466]" class="Arachnida" family="Ameronothridae" genus="Ameronothrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sarcoptiformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="98" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="twitter" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="30CAEA9FFFE4C546FF1CFA1DFE548FDB" box="[240,434,1444,1466]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="98">Ameronothrus twitter</emphasis>
|
||
Pfingstl and Shimano
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="2BF957E4FFE4C546FD66FA1CFD348FDB" box="[650,722,1445,1466]" pageId="5" pageNumber="98" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
, collecting place and macro photography images (A and B taken by SS; C, D and E original photographs shared on Twitter by TN). A, Collecting place on the wharf of the fishing port (Choshi-Gaikou), Chiba, Japan, arrow pointing to exact location of mites; B, location of a colony in a crack between a car chock and the wharf, arrow pointing to the exact location of the colony; C, a colony of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C5BE4D0EFFE4C546FE1EFA41FCF48C6F" authority="Pfingstl and Shimano" authorityName="Pfingstl and Shimano" authorityYear="2021" box="[498,786,1528,1550]" class="Arachnida" family="Ameronothridae" genus="Ameronothrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sarcoptiformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="98" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="twitter" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="30CAEA9FFFE4C546FE1EFA41FDA18C6F" box="[498,583,1528,1550]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="98">A. twitter</emphasis>
|
||
Pfingstl and Shimano
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="2BF957E4FFE4C546FCF7FA40FC878C6F" box="[795,865,1529,1550]" pageId="5" pageNumber="98" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
in the colder day (11:23am), 5 May 2019 (https://twitter.com/ yatsume_project/status/1124999187626483717?s=20); D (https://twitter.com/yatsume_project/status/1123890470285918209?s=20) and E, moving individuals of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C5BE4D0EFFE4C546FE8BF989FD628C27" authority="Pfingstl and Shimano" authorityName="Pfingstl and Shimano" authorityYear="2021" box="[359,644,1584,1606]" class="Arachnida" family="Ameronothridae" genus="Ameronothrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sarcoptiformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="98" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="twitter" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="30CAEA9FFFE4C546FE8BF989FE5A8C27" box="[359,444,1584,1606]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="98">A. twitter</emphasis>
|
||
Pfingstl and Shimano
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="2BF957E4FFE4C546FD61F988FD378C27" box="[653,721,1585,1606]" pageId="5" pageNumber="98" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
in the warmer day (11:57 am), 2 May 2019.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="0201368DFFE4C546FF59F83AFEA6827C" blockId="5.[156,767,1662,2077]" pageId="5" pageNumber="98">Therefore, SS immediately went to Choshi-Gaikou and contacted TN via Twitter for guidance helping him to find the exact location where the photos were taken. SS found the colony and after examination in the lab it was clear this is a new species.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="0201368DFFE4C546FCA2F9C6FB118DBD" blockId="5.[820,1432,1662,2012]" pageId="5" pageNumber="98">
|
||
However, a handful of new species have already been discovered with the use social media (e.g.,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="662F4B7CFFE4C546FB09F926FC818CB6" author="Wintertorn, S. L. & Guek, H. P. & Brooks, S. J." pageId="5" pageNumber="98" pagination="1 - 11" refId="ref4631" refString="Wintertorn, S. L., Guek, H. P., and Brooks, S. J. 2012. A charismatic new species of green lacewing discovered in Malaysia (Neuroptera, Chrysopidae): the confluence of citizen science, online image database and cybertaxonomy. ZooKeys 214: 1 - 11." type="journal article" year="2012">Wintertorn et al. 2012</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="662F4B7CFFE4C546FC98F906FB6A8CB6" author="Jaume-Schinkel, S. & Soares, M. M. M. & Barros L. M." box="[884,1164,1727,1751]" pageId="5" pageNumber="98" pagination="592 - 600" refId="ref3944" refString="Jaume-Schinkel, S., Soares, M. M. M., and Barros L. M. 2020. Chvalaea yolkamini sp. nov. (Diptera: Hybotidae), the first Mexican species of genus discovered on Instagram. Zootaxa 4748: 592 - 600." type="journal article" year="2020">Jaume-Schinkel et al. 2020</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), and one fungus species, namely
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C5BE4D0EFFE4C546FC6BF959FA728C99" authority="Santam., Enghoff & Reboleira" authorityName="Santam., Enghoff & Reboleira" authorityYear="2020" box="[903,1428,1760,1784]" class="Laboulbeniomycetes" family="Laboulbeniaceae" genus="Troglomyces" kingdom="Fungi" order="Laboulbeniales" pageId="5" pageNumber="98" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="twitteri">
|
||
<emphasis id="30CAEA9FFFE4C546FC6BF959FBB48C99" box="[903,1106,1760,1784]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="98">Troglomyces twitteri</emphasis>
|
||
Santam., Enghoff & Reboleira
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, was even the first to be found via twitter and named after it (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="662F4B7CFFE4C546FCBEF898FBD88D58" author="Santamaria, S. & Enghoff, H. & Reboleira, S. A." box="[850,1086,1825,1849]" pageId="5" pageNumber="98" pagination="45 - 53" refId="ref4207" refString="Santamaria, S., Enghoff, H., and Reboleira, S. A. 2020. The first Laboulbeniales (Ascomycota, Laboulbeniomycetes) from an American millipede, discovered through social media. MycoKeys 67: 45 - 53." type="journal article" year="2020">Santamaria et al. 2020</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). All these cases show that social media platforms and citizen science can provide additional tools in biodiversity research. Moreover, in the future the increasing interplay between research and social media platforms will play an important role, but also a challenge for science and the dissemination of knowledge.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |